CScoop ephalopod
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Ceohalopod Scoop
Cephalopod A molluscan class that consists of the octopus (octopoda), cuttlefish (sepiida), squid (teuthida), and nautilus (nautilidae). Cephalopods, depending on the species, may be found in habbitats ranging from the cold, dark water 900-2000 ft. below the surface to colorful coral reefs. Evolution has crafted these creatures into unique, almost alien-lke animals. These bilateral symetrical organisms have fasinated biologists all over the world with their amazing abilities and features.
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Table Of News Brief...
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Information and links to current news related to development in cephalopod research.
Featured Creature: The Octopus...
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Ceohalopod Scoop
Explore and discover fascinating facts about the most well-known cephalopod, the octopus. Learn something new and appreciate these facinating creatures.
Contents Cephalopod Families: Fun Facts...
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A list of facinating facts about each of the families in the class, cephalopoda. Also enjoy anitomical illustrations to further explain these animals.
Cephalopods In History: Art...
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Observe and appreciate historic art feauring the amaing organisms, cephalopods. These pieces either depict cephalopods or are made from them.
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Marine biologist, Roger Hanlon and his team, provide information of their research for the public on their website. http://hermes.mbl.edu/mrc/hanlon/
Deep sea squid caught on film for first time. The footage was aired on the Discovery Channel’s “Monster Squid: The Giant Is Real.”
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Featured Creature The Octopus
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Ceohalopod Scoop
Probably one of the most popular members of the class, cephalopoda. These aquatic organisms can be identified by their large mantle, eight arms, two eyes and three hearts. Octopuses are extremely flexible because the only hard part of their body is their parrot-like beak (made of chitin). This allows the octopus to squeeze through any space it’s beak can fit. Often they are found in coral reefs, and the ocean floor. The two most remarkable abilities of the octopus are it’s intelligence and it’s camouflage. The octopus is the only invertebrate known to use tools. Through experiments, it has been found to
posses a short-term and long-term memory. They can ever distinguish between shapes and patterns. The octopus’s main defense against predators is it’s astonishing talent of camouflage. It can change both the color/pattern and the texture of it’s skin. It uses skin cells called Chrometophores, reflective iridophores, and leucophores to manipulate pattern it’s epidermis displays by expanding or contracting the size of the pigment cells. Despite the octopus’s ability to recreate it’s surrounding’s colors, it is ironically color
blind. The octopus can also mimic the movement of other sea life.
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Cephalopod Families Fun Facts
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Octopus • Most intelligent & behaviorally flexible of all invertebrates • Lives in coral reefs & ocean floor • Venomous • 8 arms, 2 eyes (horizontal pupils), beak (chitin), 3 hearts. • Short-term & long-term memory • Color blind • Camouflage/mimicry
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Liver
Stomach Ink Sac
Kidney
Gill
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Squid • Swimming fin on it’s mantle, uses jet propulsion of siphon • Color changing camouflage • 3 hearts, 8 arms, 2 tentacles, beak (chitin) • Eyes have hard lenses, largest eyes in animal kingdom, focuses eyes like a telescope/camera • Usually no more than 24in long, giant squid may reach 40+ ft. • Suction cups have sharp, curved claws
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Ceohalopod Scoop
Gonad
Stomach
Mantle Artery Liver Heart Internal Shell
Gill
Ink Sac
Anus Beak
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Cuttlefish • Name refers to it’s cuttlebone (aragonite) • W-shaped pupils, 8 arms, 2 tentacles • 15-25cm (5.9-9.8 in) • Feeds on small mollusks, crabs, shrimp, fish, octopuses, & other cuttlefish • Predators: dolphins, sharks, fish, seabirds, & other cuttlefish • Are among the most intelligent invertebrates • Have one of the largest brain-to-body ratios of all invertebrates • Cuttlebone provides buoyancy, regulates by changing gas-to-liquid ratio within the chambered cuttlebone • Color blind • Referred to as the chameleons of the sea, changes it’s skin color & texture • Neurotoxins produced by bacteria in saliva 14
Ceohalopod Scoop
Beak
Ink Sac Cuttlebone Stomach
Hearts
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Nautilus • Primitive eyes, no lenses • 90 tentacles, no suckers, arranged in two circles • Least intelligent cephalopod • Considered a living fossil • Most closely resembles primitive species of cephalopods • Only remaining cephalopod with a shell • The Chamber Nautilus’s shell is a logarithmic spiral
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Crop Gonad Intestines
Gills Heart Kidney
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Cephalopods in History Art 18
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Mycenaean vase or krater depicting a stylized octopus (1400-1300 BCE).
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The Alecton attempts to capture a giant squid off Tenerife in 1861. Illustration from Harper Lee’s Sea Monsters Unmasked, London, 1884.
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Giant squid from Logy Bay, Newfoundland in bathtub, November/ December, 1873.
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Cameo fragment with marine animals, first half of 1st century A.D. Roman Glass
Belt Buckle, 550–600 Visigothic Copper alloy, cells inset with garnets, glass, lapis lazuli, and cuttlefish bone
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Still Life with a Nautilus, Panther Shell, and Chip-Wood Box, ca. 1630 Sébastien Stoskopff (Alsatian, 1597–1657) Oil on canvas
Stirrup jar with octopus, ca. 1200– 1100 B.C.; Late Helladic IIIC Mycenaean Terracotta
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This nautilus cup (one of two in the Royal Collection) was purchased by George IV from Rundell, Bridge & Rundell in December 1826
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