My Just City is Black and White
seeking justice through planning and design
assaults
body|women
body|black
body|brown
body|white
body|LGBTQ
body|health
urban|planet
urban|city
urban|violence
urban|profiling
voice|identity
voice|resistence
voice|protest
the just city
equity inclusion diversity access justice voice The absence of these values (and others), still unrealized in many cities, leaves the city “unfinished” – urban landscapes where the work of uplifting people and place remains a large task.
INJUSTICE
as defined by Fainstein and Young
Actions that disadvantage those already excluded from entitlement enjoyed by those more deserving.
A Just City is where all people and communities, but
especially the least not included, have equitable and inclusive access to environments that offer the opportunities and resources to be productive and prosperous, advancing the social and economic mobility and agency of both people and place.
can design impact justice?
new urbanism
everyday urbanism
tactical urbanism
sustainable urbanism
landscape urbanism
just urbanism
A disruptive framework of policies and practices that produce outcomes designed to break down historic structures and systems of oppression, inequality and access
restorative accountability
disruptive
political
grassroots
just urbanism
grasstops community expertise
values-based
cultural competency
cross disciplinary
how will we know it when we see it?
engagement
The process of finding a way to make two different ideas, facts, or points of view coexist or be true at the same time
Respect A mutually earned and shared honoring of different voices, opinions, behaviors, and cultural expressions
Tolerance The acceptance of difference
Trust
The accep ptance of disa agree ement or oppo osition in pursuiit of nec cessary y cha ang e orr im mprove ement
Delight
Deb batte
Creating places, spaces, and processes that promote happiness and joy
Acceptting g and providing g forum ms forr the disscu ussion off differen nt vo oices and points of view in orde er to o achieve e grea aterr in nclu usion n in proce essess and decisio on-m making g
Happiness A state of well being that brings about joy, contentment, or ease
The possibility of fulfillment of a desire, aspiration, outcome, or happiness
Inspiration The result of creative thinking and collaboration that has the potential to produce new and innovative outcomes
Diiverssity y An intentio ona al state of mixed d people e, in nstitutio ons, and d culturral norm ms
Cooperation The process by which individuals or collective groups work together to do something
Participation
The act of objectiion or diisapprroval in n th he form of pub blic c demon nstra ation
The active engagement Belonging of individuals and To community feel accepted members in and comfortable matters, both in a setting despite formal andage, gender, informal, affrace, ecting sexuality, or social and spatial income wellbeing
Voic ce
Empathy Togetherness
Alllowing g the articula ation of differe ent poiints of view and cu ulttural no orm ms to help sha ape de ecisionmaking g
A sense of to the ability solidarity within recognize and and understand across the feeling and point populations
Protest
Hope
A group of individuals or collective groups having shared or common interests
Exercising
of view of another
Inclusion The acceptance of difference and the intention to involve diverse opinions, attitudes, and behaviors
Healthiness
Beauty Equalitty The prrovision of equa al or equiva ale ent distributio on, sttatuss, rightss, pow wer, and amenity y
Eq quity The distrribution n of ma aterial an nd no onmatterial good ds in a manner that brin ngs the greatest ben nefit required d to any y particular commun nity
Meritt A good qua ality, featurre, process, or outcom me that deserves to be praise ed and assigned worrth or value e
Transpa arency The op penness of process, rules, righ hts, and proced dure es through the sh haring of knowle e dge e and Creative infforrmatio on
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being that supports the absence of disease or infirmity
Everyone’s right to well-made, well-designed environments
Character
Adaptability y
Features or attributes used to separate distinguishable qualities of place
Accountability The acceptance of responsibility by individuals or collective groups to contribute to the creation and maintenance of just conditions for all
Pride A respect and admiration arising from feeling good and confident about some act, space, place, or relationship
Spirituality The presence of places and attitudes that support religious expression, practice, and beliefs
Vitality An energetic, integrated community with opportunities for and support of cultural, civic, and economic involvement
Agency
Access
Enabling the confidence, rights, and status of individuals or groups to act on behalf of their own interests
The conveniient proximity to o, qu uality of, or connecttiv vity to basic nee eds, amenitties, ch hoicess, and decisions
Connectiv vity
Empowerment
The e ability to cha ange or be chan nged in order to fit or work better in some e situation or for so ome pu urpose
Prosperity The condition of being successful or thriving in terms of social, economic, civic, cultural, and health indicators
Durrabiliity The ability y of all social and d spattial system ms to rema ain strong an nd in good d condition over a long period of time
Protection
Fre eedom
The ability to act or sp peak freely wiithout The quallity of not th hreat of exte ernal being g harrmfull restric ction to the e socia al or spattial we ellbeing or depletin ng re esource es, Authenticity Knowlledge and the erebyThe recognition The ability y to supporting lon gofnphysical n information term m social an nd social gain and or aware eness spattial balan nce characteristics thrrough h that are genuine ed ducattion and/ /or to a particular experiience place or culture
Sustain nability
To give formal authority or power The e physica al and d to a person or social nettworks collective group by thatt tie places and promoting action pe eople togeth her, or influence proviiding contact and opportunity nece essary for Community Representation soc c ia a l well l b eing A group of The accep ptance A balance of individuals or of disa agree ement collective groups or oppo osition a community’s havingdesires, shared or in pursuiit of common interests nec cessary y cha ange representative of orr im mprove ement its diversity, areEqualitty present in the The prrovision Cooperation of equa al or decision making Deb batte The process by equiva ale ent process
The state of being kept from harm or loss in social or spatial conditions
Safety An environment that minimizes physical and emotional vulnerability and threats to wellbeing
Security Social and spatial conditions that support the freedom from danger, exclusion, and harm
acceptance aspiration choice democracy engagement fairness identity mobility power resilience rights welfare
To promote a confidence earned through the demonstration of fulfilling commitments and promises made among people and institutions
Nurturing ingenuity in problem solving and intervention
Sp pontane eity
The pottenttial to allow forr the e unp planned, where individ dual s or groups can freely self-crea ate processes,, inte erventtions, orr activities
Reconciliation The process of finding a way to make two different ideas, facts, or points of view coexist or be true at the same time
Respect
A mutually earned and shared honoring of different voices, opinions, behaviors, and cultural expressions
Tolerance
The acceptance of difference
Trust
the JUST CITY index
Harvard Graduate School of Design The Just City Lab for Black in Design 2 0 1 7
Nurturing ingenuity in problem solving and intervention
Delight
Creating places, spaces, and processes that promote happiness and joy
Acceptting g and providing g forum ms forr the disscu ussion off differen nt vo oices and points of view in orde er to o achieve e grea aterr in nclu usion n in proce essess and decisio on-m making g
Happiness
A state of well being that brings about joy, contentment, or ease
Protest
The act of objectiion or diisapprroval in n th he form of pub blic c demon nstra ation
Hope
The possibility of fulfillment of a desire, aspiration, outcome, or happiness
Inspiration
The result of creative thinking and collaboration that has the potential to produce new and innovative outcomes
Diiverssity y
An intentio ona al state of mixed d people e, in nstitutio ons, and d culturral norm ms
and promote this recognition within communitiesOw wnersh hip
Beauty
which individuals or collective groups work together to do something
distributio on, sttatuss, rightss, pow wer, and amenity y
Participation
The distrribution n of ma aterial an nd no onmatterial good ds in a manner that brin ngs the greatest ben nefit required d to any y particular commun nity
The active engagement of individuals and community members in matters, both formal and informal, affecting social and spatial wellbeing
Voic ce
Togetherness
Alllowing g the articula ation of differe ent poiints of view and cu ulttural no orm ms to help sha ape de ecisionmaking g
A sense of solidarity within and across populations
Eq quity
Meritt
A good qua ality, featurre, process, or outcom me that deserves to be praise ed and assigned worrth or value e
Transpa arency The op penness of process, rules, righ hts, and proced dure es through the sh haring of knowle edge e and infforrmatio on
Th he ability y to ha ave a stake in n
Healthiness
th he prop perty y, Everyone’s right process, outc come, to well-made, and otther assets well-designed environments
Character
Features or attributes used to separate distinguishable qualities of place
Accountability The acceptance of responsibility by individuals or collective groups to contribute to the creation and maintenance of just conditions for all
Pride
A respect and admiration arising from feeling good and confident about some act, space, place, or relationship
Spirituality
The presence of places and attitudes that support religious expression, practice, and beliefs
Access
The conveniient proximity to o, qu uality of, or connecttiv vity to basic nee eds, amenitties, ch hoicess, and decisions
Agency
Enabling the confidence, rights, and status of individuals or groups to act on behalf of their own interests
Empowerment
Connectiv vity To give formal authority or power The e physica al and d An energetic, to a person or social nettworks integrated collective group by thatt tie places and community with promoting action pe eople togeth her, opportunities or influence proviiding contact for and support and opportunity of cultural, civic, Would we design better places if wefor put the values of equality, nece essary and economic inclusion or equity first? If a soc community it stood for, cia al wellarticulated lbeing whatRepresentation what it believed in, what it aspired to be as a city; as a neighborhood involvement A balance - would it have a better chance of creating and sustaining a more of a community’s healthy, vibrant place with positive economic, health, civic, cultural desires, and environmental conditions? Imagine that the issues of race, of income, education and unemployment inequality, and representative the resulting its diversity, segregation, isolation and fear, could be addressed by planning and are designing for greater access, agency, ownership, beauty,present diversity in or the empowerment. Now imagine the Just City - the cities, neighborhoods decision making and public spaces that thrive using a value-based aspiration for urban process Vitality
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being that supports the absence of disease or infirmity
Adaptability y The e ability to cha ange or be chan nged in order to fit or work better in some e situation or for so ome pu urpose
Prosperity The condition of being successful or thriving in terms of social, economic, civic, cultural, and health indicators
Durrabiliity The ability y of all social and d spattial system ms to rema ain strong an nd in good d condition over a long period of time
Sustain nability The quallity of not being g harrmfull to the e socia al or spattial we ellbeing or depletin ng re esource es, and the ereby supporting lon ngterm m social an nd spattial balan nce
Protection
Fre eedom The ability to act or sp peak freely wiithout th hreat of exte ernal restric ction
Knowlledge The ability y to gain n information or aware eness thrrough h ed ducattion and/ /or experiience
The state of being kept from harm or loss in social or spatial conditions
Safety An environment that minimizes physical and emotional vulnerability and threats to wellbeing
Security Social and spatial conditions that support the freedom from danger, exclusion, and harm
acceptance aspiration alues choice ndicators democracy engagement fairness identity mobility power resilience rights welfare
To promote a confidence earned through the demonstration of fulfilling commitments and promises made among people and institutions
Innovation
Sp pontane eity
The pottenttial to allow forr the e unp planned, where individ duals or groups can freely self-crea ate processes,, inte erventtions, orr activities
stabilization, revitalization and transformation. Imagine the Just City.
The Just City Lab investigates the definition of urban justice and the Just City, and it examines how design and planning contribute to the conditions of justice and injustice in cities, neighborhoods and the public realm. The Lab has been developing and testing a set of core principles, values and metrics to assess and evaluate design’s role in achieving urban justice. The Lab also researches design practices that exemplify the achievement of the Just City and its values. Toni L Griffin, Director, The Just City Lab, Professor in Practice of Urban Planning www.designforthejustcity.org
Ow wnersh hip
Th he ability y to ha ave a stake in n th he prop perty y, process, outc come, and otther assets
practice
measurement
MsC City Design and Social Science Toni Griffin
August 2015 Director, J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City, City University of New York
Public Life & Urban Justice in NYC’s Plazas
Gehl
PSPL Methodology is based on two core indicators:
Public Space Public Life
JMBC
The Just City Methodology, is based on eleven core indicators:
Urban Justice
How can we mesh these indicators together to study connections between public life, public space, and urban (social and spatial) justice? How can we understand who benefits from new public spaces?
Gehl Studio and the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City partnered up to study public life and space, and urban justice.
Equity Access Choice Connectivity Health & Wellbeing Diversity Ownership Participation Beauty Inclusion/ Belonging Creative Innovation
Gehl!
7 Plazas Gehl Studio and the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City collected data on 7 Plazas
Manhattan Flatiron District Plaza Meatpacking District Plaza
Queens Diversity Plaza Corona Plaza
Brooklyn Putnam Plaza Zion Triangle New Lots Triangle
New Plazas: Areas Underserved by Open Space:
Next Generation World Class Streets, Plazas:
Meatpacking
Flatiron
Diversity Plaza
New Lots Triangle
Putnam Plaza
Corona
The plazas and neighborhoods all have very different characteristics‌which poses challenges (hard to compare findings) and opportunities (diversity of insights) for our analysis
New Lots*
Zion
Putnam
Corona
Diversity
Flatiron
Meatpacking
Some plazas have more events than others, and more events take Intensity of Programming, 2014 place in the summer.
Survey of Annual Programmi 2014 Programming Brea
Type
Audien
Flatiron
JAN
Meatpacking
FEB
Diversity
MAR
Corona
APR
Putnam
MAY
Zion
JUN
New Lots*
JUL AUG
Arts Education Diversity Health + Wellness Other measured by
SEP OCT NOV
1-2 events / month
DEC
2-5 events / month
* info not available
Programming Volume, 2014
1-2 events / month 2-5 events / month 5+ events / month
Public Life
Public Diversity Space
5+ events / month
General A Seniors Cultural H Youth + F
programming diversity was moderate. Several plazas host Survey of Annual events Programming that cater Diversit to general audiences 2014 Programming Breakdown
Active / Passive
People are meeting each other!
PUBLIC SPACE
CONNECTIVITY
Public ! Connectivity! Life!
Gehl!
53%
across all 7 plazas recognize or know more people since the plaza opened
Plazas foster social connections. Public Connectivity Life
Do you recognize or know more people since the plaza opened? !
even plazas with low activity rates foster social connections
75%
50%
25%
YES!! LIFE CONNECTIVITY PUBLIC LIFE CONNECTIVITY
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
SPACE PUBLIC SPACE
ncomes partners: ! as Potential The Trust for Governors Island! ported zing new New Lots Triangle
Zion Triangle
Putnam Plaza
Corona Plaza
Diversity Plaza
Meatpacking Plaza
Flatiron Plaza
0%
Plazas in QueensHispanic/Latino wer likely to conne and Brooklyn more White were less so. fostered more Connectivity & Race social interaction 25% 20% and recognition 15% 10% than those in Connectivity & Income 5% Key: 0% Manhattan! Those earning less No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more
Asian
e rs
100%
$50,000 were muc likely to make new nections
No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more
Key:
No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more
Gehl!
Those earning less than $50,000 were more likely to make Connectivity & Income new connections!
25% 20% 15%
Diversity!
(blank)
PUBLIC SPACE $100,000 or more
PUBLIC LIFE $50,000 to $99,999
0%
Th $5 No, I don lik Yes, I re ne
PUBLIC SPACE
PUBLIC LIFE
$15,000 to $49,999
10% CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY 5%
$0 to $14,999
w n
How do responses vary by income? !
Key: No, I don’t recognize / know more Yes, I recognize / know more
Gehl!
67%
felt a sense of ownership across all 7 plazas
Across the board, folks said they would pick up a piece of trash in the plaza, if not too dirty.
Users felt a sense of ownership for the plazas Public Ownership Space
ed nal azas. wners
the destination plazas, and visitor or transit riders were least likely to believe the plaza belonged to them, suggesting that the plazas share a strong identity to their local neighborhood and residents.
Is this Plaza your Plaza? !
azas have a 100% ared worth and al lue t
SPACE PUBLIC SPACE
the destination or transit rider to believe the them, suggest share a strong neighborhood
Respondents in outer-borough plazas Ownership measured by informal responded ownership was also high YES - most at a people said “this is my plaza�. higher percentage More informal ownership was felt at the neighborhood plazas than than those in Is this plaza Your plaza? Manhattan.! 100%
YES!!
New Lots Triangle
Zion Triangle
Putnam Plaza
Corona Plaza
Flatiron Plaza
100%
Diversity Plaza
Ownership measured by formal structures of ownership and management was high for all plazas
d by ntial home d to be on 0%
75%
50%
No, not interested No, just visiting Key: Not really YES! No, not interested No, just visiting Not really YES!
Despite only 3% of all surveyed 25% saying they participated in the plaza 0% planning! Gehl!
king Plaza
average with Borough and New York City home ownership rates. However, for the neighborhood plazas, residential tenure in the neighborhood was high, ranging from 2-28 years for local respondents (local defined as resident who shares a home zipcode with the pand 5-26 for all respondents.
iron Plaza
care of their pt surveys do ct what people 50% icate that people rdship for them. sked how they arge piece of e majority25% said
ou ash
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
LIFE PUBLIC LIFE
75%
Meatpacking Plaza
elt n
OWNERSHIP
OWNERSHIP
in that all had either locally based formal or volunteer organizational structures for managing the plazas. In most cases, local business owners led these structures, with some resident participation.
www.designforthejustcity.org