Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in animals in South Africa: two years on?
Jackie Picard M van Vuuren Faculty of Veterinary Science Onderstepoort
AMR cycle
Antibiotics
Antibiotics have saved millions of people and animals Have increased and made more cost effective the supply of healthy food animals Have decreased zoonotic diseases
AMR in animal bacteria public health concerns?? • Zoonotic bacteria: Multi-resistant Salmonella, Campylobacter, S. aureus
• Has treatment of animals increased exposure of humans to resistant commensals? • Performance enhancers are they truly the devil? Vancomycin-resistant enterococci • Are humans being exposed to unacceptably high levels of antimicrobial residues in their food? • Can we afford not to treat animals?
Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. 100 90 80
Percentage resistance
70 60 Western Cape C. coli Western Cape C. jejuni Gauteng C. jejuni
50 40 30 20 10
Antimicrobials
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% Resistance of poultry E. coli in Gauteng: Jan-July 2008 and 2009 100 90
January March May July 2008
February April June All 2009 (n=568)
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Amoxycillin
Enrofloxacin
Fosbac
Fosbac + T
Neomycin
Norfloxacin
Potentiated Sulphas
Tetracycline
Lincospectin
2008 – 2009: 6% resistance Will remain at this level- no analogues now used
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% Resistance M. haemolytica cattle feedlot trachaeal washes
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Obstacles to the prudent use of antimicrobial drugs in animals in Africa 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Resources Veterinary services Knowledge Legislation