W
NE
w
or
kb
oo
k
HT
IG
FL
1
FL I HT GH T HT NE NE W W HT NE FL FL W IG IG N FL EW FLI HT HT IG F GH NE N HT H L E T IG T N W F W N H N E L F HT E W EW T N W F IGH LIG N FL EW FLI FL EW LIG T N HT G IG N I HT GH FL HT HT FLI HT EW EW G I N T G N F F HT NE NE HT EW NEW HT EW LIG LIG W N W H F N H F N E L FL EW FLI FL EW LIG FLIG W IG T N T N G IG F H FL H E I E FL GHT FLI HT HT LIG T HT IG T N W F W FL G H N N N E L I N H FL GHT NE HT EW EW T EW EW T N W F IGH IGH W N N L F E I HT GH NE FL EW FLI FLI EW FLI LIG W IG T N T N G F G T G W IG E H L H E HT NE NE FL HT FLI HT HT FLI HT T IG T N W F W F G G H W N W IG N H NE N H NE E T EW LIG LIG N N FL EW FLI FL HT EW T N W EW T N W W H FL F FL FL EW FLIG T HT IG F GH IGH N E E F L N I HT H L E W W N I L I T IG T N T N W IGH FL GH IGH FL GH GH FLI HT EW EW N F T H N T G T EW E HT E N N H NE FL F W LI T IG N T N IG W E T NE F W F NE FL FL GH NE HT EW EW HT EW EW T N W F IGH LIG FL W LI L W IG IG T W N NE F FL EW LI T HT G IG N L F E FL F I HT GH FL HT HT FLI HT HT EW LIG W IG LIG W IG IGH FL GH NE NE G H F IG N F W N T H W N L H F H L T I T HT NE NE HT EW NEW HT EW EW LIG T IG T N T N IG T N N GH NE FL FL H W N H E E T W I NE F W N F N NE F GH IGH L F H E T N W EW T NEW W FL EW FLI FL EW LIG FLI W IG LIG T N W F F F F L L L W LIG T N T G F H F E G IG L E H I HT GH FL HT H FLI HT HT LIG T N T EW LIG W F IGH IGH W F IGH IGH FL HT EW NEW T IG N N G N F H L T N H E N T T IG N T L HT NE NE HT EW EW HT EW EW T N W EW LIG T N IGH NE N IGH NE NE HT EW FLI FL I W W W EW T W W N N F F NE FL F E FL FL H E T F GH G N FL EW FLI FL EW LIG LIG W IG LIG W F IGH IGHT N W F NE FL FL NE FL FL EW LIG T N HT G IG IG E W I N H F H L W I H L I HT GH FL HT HT FLI HT T N LIG T N T IG T N T N W F IGH BFeLr GH IGH FL GH HT FLI HT EW EW G N T IG N E L LT Iit T N T N IG T N N GH NE FL F E H E N H E L H HT NE NE HT EW NEW HT EW W T N W EW T N W F W F IGHisbNe GH H W F E Tau EW EW T EW EW T N W F IGH IGH NE F W F NE FL FL NEW FLI FLIG EW LIG FLI EW LIG LIG T N tW N N h E L g FL W LI L W IG IG G F Ene FLI FL EW FLI FLIG W IG T N T N FL GHT HT FL HT HT FLIGHT HT EW WLiIgG W sF GH IGH F GH H FL HT EW E IG F GH IGH FL H H IG N NE N HT H L B W T d I T N Lr T L H F T G H I N T T IG N T a G H I E NE T N IGH N NE HT NEW FLI FL NE T N GH NE NE HT NEW NE HT EW EW T EW EW T N W F W LIG ThlN IGoH m G IG N FL W F H E Ts W E W E T W F T E NE F W F NE FL FL NEW FLI FLIG EW LIG FLI EW LIG LIG T N W eNth F W F N W F F NEW FLI HT HT IG W F W E L L L G F E HT H L FL W LI LI W IG IG FL GHT HT FL HT HT FLIGHT HT EW LIG W IGH LIG W IG IGH FL GH NE NE T IG IG F GH G F H H F T I F H W N L H W HT NE NE HT HT LI T T IG T N T N IGH NE NE GH NE NE HT EW NE FL HT LIG T N HT LIG T N T N IGH NE G N W W I H W N T W N NE N H E E W G W T E H H W T E W N E E E T W E H
Berit Haugnes Bromseth • Lisbeth Wigdahl
New FLIGHT 1 WORKBOOK
© J.W. Cappelens Forlag AS, Oslo 2006 Materialet i denne publikasjonen er omfattet av åndsverklovens bestemmelser. Uten særskilt avtale med Cappelen Damm AS er enhver eksemplarframstilling og tilgjengeliggjøring bare tillatt i den utstrekning det er hjemlet i lov eller tillatt gjennom avtale med Kopinor, interesseorgan for rettighetshavere til åndsverk. Utnyttelse i strid med lov eller avtale kan medføre erstatningsansvar og inndragning, og kan straffes med bøter eller fengsel. New Flight 1–3 følger læreplanene for Kunnskapsløftet i faget engelsk, og er laget til bruk på grunnskolens ungdomstrinn. Grafisk formgiver: Mette Lund Damsleth Omslagsdesign: Séan Brewer Omslagsbilde: Scanpix Illustratør: Cecilie Okada Bilderedaktør: Una Thoresen Dimola Forlagsredaktør: Hege Rødahl Scarpellino Sats: Ellipse AS Repro: RenessanseMedia AS Trykk/innbinding: Livonia Print SIA, Latvia 2010 Utgave 1 Opplag 3 ISBN 978-82-02-25044-7 www.cappelendamm.no http://newflight.cappelendamm.no
Innhold
Innhald
Chapter 1
Day by day p. 7
Chapter 1
Day by day p. 7
Grammatikk:
To be, to do, to have i presens/nåtid
Grammatikk:
To be, to do, to have i presens/notid
Fonetikk:
Hvordan uttale sh og tch De fonetiske symbolene /ʃ/ og /tʃ/ Nyttige ord og uttrykk på skolen, hvordan presentere deg, nyttig å vite når du skal ringe noen, litt matematikk
Korleis uttale sh og tch Dei fonetiske symbola /ʃ/ og /tʃ/ Nyttige ord og uttrykk på skolen, korleis presentere deg, nyttig å vite når du skal ringje nokon, litt matematikk
Chapter 2
Our four-legged friends p. 31
Chapter 2
Our four-legged friends p. 31
Grammatikk:
Adjektiv og hvordan bøye dem Verb i presens ing-form
Grammatikk:
Adjektiv og korleis bøye dei Verb i presens ing-form
Fonetikk:
Fonetikk:
Hvordan uttale vokallydene i for eksempel hot og bird De fonetiske symbolene /ɒ/ og / :/ Ord om kjæledyr og gårdsdyr, hvordan uttrykke hva du liker og ikke liker
Korleis uttale vokallydane i til dømes hot og bird Dei fonetiske symbola /ɒ/ og / :/ Ord om kjæledyr og gardsdyr, korleis uttrykkje kva du liker og ikkje liker
Chapter 3
Two big cities p. 57
Chapter 3
Two big cities p. 57
Grammatikk:
Flertall av substantiv Subjunksjonene who og which
Grammatikk:
Fleirtal av substantiv Subjunksjonane who og which
Fonetikk:
Hvordan uttale th-lyden i for eksempel think og that De fonetiske symbolene /θ/ og /ð/ Ord i byen, hvordan spørre om og forklare veien
Fonetikk:
Fonetikk:
Korleis uttale th-lyden i til dømes think og that Dei fonetiske symbola /θ/ og /ð/ Ord i byen, korleis spørje om og forklare vegen
3
Chapter 4
Eat and enjoy! p. 81
Chapter 4
Grammatikk:
Spørsmål og nektelse i presens/nåtid
Grammatikk:
Fonetikk:
Spørsmål og nekting i presens/notid
Hvordan uttale vokallydene i for eksempel feel, it og the De fonetiske symbolene /i:/, /i/ og /ə/ Ord om mat, hva du sier på restaurant, hva du sier ved bordet
Korleis uttale vokallydane i til dømes feel, it og the Dei fonetiske symbola /i:/, /i/ og /ə/ Ord om mat, kva du seier på restaurant, kva du seier ved bordet
Chapter 5
Just fantasy? p. 107
Chapter 5
Just fantasy? p. 107
Grammatikk:
To be i preteritum/fortid Andre verb i preteritum/fortid
Grammatikk:
To be i preteritum/fortid Andre verb i preteritum/fortid
Fonetikk:
Fonetikk:
Hvordan uttale den første lyden i for eksempel very og wet De fonetiske symbolene /v/ og /w/ Ord fra fantasiens verden, hvordan utrykke at du tror og ikke tror
Fonetikk:
Chapter 6
What an idea! p. 139
Chapter 6
What an idea! p. 139
Grammatikk:
Artiklene a og an Eiendomsord
Grammatikk:
Artiklane a og an Eigedomsord
Fonetikk:
Hvordan uttale den første lyden i for eksempel you og just De fonetiske symbolene /j/ og /d / Ord om oppfinnelser, teknologi og design, å forklare hvordan ting fungerer, hvordan lese en bruksanvisning, hvordan uttrykke år og datoer
4
Eat and enjoy! p. 81
Korleis uttale den første lyden i til dømes very og wet Dei fonetiske symbola /v/ og /w/ Ord frå fantasien si verd, korleis utrykkje at du trur og ikkje trur
Fonetikk:
Korleis uttale den første lyden i til dømes you og just Dei fonetiske symbola /j/ og /d / Ord om oppfinningar, teknologi og design, å forklare korleis ting fungerar, korleis lese ei brukarrettleiing, korleis utrykkje år og datoar
Chapter 7
Watch out! p. 169
Chapter 7
Watch out! p. 169
Grammatikk:
Spørsmål og nektelse i preteritum/fortid Spørreord
Grammatikk:
Spørsmål og nekting i preteritum/fortid Spørjeord
Fonetikk:
Hvordan uttale vokallydene i for eksempel name og find De fonetiske symbolene /e / og /a / Ord om kriminalitet og dårlig oppførsel, ord og utrykk å bruke i diskusjoner, hvordan beskrive folk
Fonetikk:
Chapter 8
Down under p. 191
Chapter 8
Down under p. 191
Grammatikk:
Genitiv av substantiv
Grammatikk:
Genitiv av substantiv
Fonetikk:
Hvordan uttale vokallydene i for eksempel moon, more og but De fonetiske symbolene /u:/, /ɔ:/ og / / Ord om naturen og ville dyr, hvordan ta avskjed, ord og uttrykk fra Australia og New Zealand
Korleis uttale vokallydane i til dømes name og find Dei fonetiske symbola /ei/ og /ai/ Ord om kriminalitet og dårleg oppførsel, ord og utrykk å bruke i diskusjonar, korleis beskrive folk
Fonetikk:
Korleis uttale vokallydane i til dømes moon, more og but Dei fonetiske symbola /u:/, /ɔ:/ og / / Ord om naturen og ville dyr, korleis ta avskjed, ord og uttrykk frå Australia og New Zealand
5
Welcome to New Flight 1 workbook! In this book you will find lots of different exercises. Some of them are there to help you learn the structure of the English language, like grammar, sounds and symbols. Others will help you communicate better in English. They will help you learn new words and expressions and practise using them. The exercises are marked with coloured dots: green, blue or yellow. The green exercises are the easiest ones to do. The yellow ones are the most difficult ones. With the help of your teacher you will have to find out which exercises are the best ones for you to do. You do not always have to stick to one colour. If you usually do the green exercises, you may very well be able to do blue exercises once in a while. It is important to give yourself a challenge now and then! Try to find out what you are good at and what you need more practise in. In that way you will get to know your language skills better. Some exercises are marked with all three colours. These are exercises that everybody should do. At the end of each chapter there are some suggestions for what you can do to find out more about the topic you have been working with. Very often you will be able to find information for these tasks on the Internet. Remember to be careful when you use the Internet. Some sources are better than others, and everything you find on the Internet is not necessarily true. Check your information and always use more than one source. Never copy articles directly. There are two Extra Readings at the very end of each chapter. Reading English will help you get better at the language, so here is an extra opportunity for you! There is no glossary for the Extra Readings, but then again, you don’t always need to understand everything to get the story, do you? We hope your Workbook will help you understand, speak and write English better and give you pleasure and information at the same time. Good luck with your work!
6
Chapter
6
What an idea!
In this chapter: Language and structure
Communication
• The articles a and an • Possessives • How to pronounce the first sound in e.g. you and just • The phonetic symbols of the first sound in e.g. you and just
• Words from the field of inventions, technology and design • To explain how things work • How to read user manuals • How to express years and dates
Work with words 1 Five words are hidden here. Can you see them? PROPENFOTTLICARSOTXCHAIRMINBOLSHOEKLIMAEMAILIKNOR
2 Change each letter with the next letter in the alphabet and find words to use when you talk about inventions and design: a OQNCTBS
b BNMRSQTBSHNM
c SDBGMNKNFX
d CDRHFMDQ
e CDUDKNOLDMS
f HLOQNUDLDMS
g OQNAKDL
h HMUDMSNQ
i CDUHBD
3 What inventions do you use in these situations? If you don’t know the word, look in your dictionary. Example: You need to open a tin. – I use a tin-opener.
a You want to be sure you don’t oversleep in the morning. b You want to play your new DVD. c You want to leave a message when you call somebody and there is nobody at home. d You need to look up a new word in English. e You want to spread butter on your toast. f You want to send an e-mail. g You want to protect yourself from the rain. h You want to protect your eyes from the sun.
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Chapter 6
4 How many new words can you make by combining words from the two rows? You can use a word as many times as you like. Example: arm + chair = armchair
fire lamp hair wall news arm surf aero book paint
plane shop board case shade place brush man chair paper
5 These sentences have been split. Can you put them together again? If you need help, look in text A on pp. 112–113 in your Textbook. a b c d e f g
An inventor is Martin Jolette invented Correction fluid was invented by Katie Harding kept Then she invented Small mechanical tools are often Some gadgets are
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Bette Graham. stepping into muddy puddles. a human being. totally useless. called gadgets. heated earmuffs. the muddy puddle spotter.
6 Look at Rube Goldberg’s drawing on p. 114 in your Textbook. Use your dictionary and find words in English for the different parts of the car. How would you design your own car? Make a drawing of it and explain the different details.
What an idea!
141
Let’s talk! 7 Pair work: 20 questions Think of an invention. Your partner will now try to find out what invention you are thinking about. He or she will ask you questions, but you can only answer yes or no to them. If he or she has not found the correct answer after 20 questions, you have won! Change roles afterwards. Example:
You are thinking of a pencil. – Is the invention in this room now? – Yes. – Is it bigger than a person? – No! etc.
8 To explain how things work Read this dialogue: – Hi, George! You look gloomy, I must say! What’s the matter? – I’m trying to fill my stapler, but I cannot figure out how to open it! – Let’s see… Have you tried to lift the upper part of the handle? – Betty! I have tried to lift it, to open it, to push it, to pull it, I have even tried to turn it upside-down! – Wait, there must be a button or a switch somewhere. Let’s look again. See! Here it is, well hidden at the back of the handle. It says press… here you go! Now, let’s put the staples in and you’re all set. What did you want to use it for anyway? – I’ve forgotten now. Let’s have something to eat instead! Find the words in this text that express what you can do with a thing, e.g. lift, … Find words for the parts of the stapler, e.g. the upper part, … Try to learn these words and expressions.
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Chapter 6
stapler = stiftemaskin
Learn these expressions as well: Turn the knob (Vri knotten) Turn the switch (Vri bryteren / brytaren) Turn the handle (Vri håndtaket / handtaket) Open the lid (Åpne / opne lokket) Open the cover (Åpne / opne dekslet) Push the button (Trykk på knappen) Remove the cover (Fjern dekslet) Fill/empty (Fyll/tøm) Plug in (Sett / set i kontakten)
9 Pair work Use the things you have nearby: a pencil-case, paper, books etc. Give your partner instructions on what to do with the item. Use the words and expressions that you have learnt in exercise 8. Example: Turn your pencil-case upside-down. Change roles afterwards.
10 Pair work Read this dialogue with a partner. Practise explaining how to use the copier without looking at the text! – Can you help me work this copier, please? – Of course! First, plug it in. – Oops, sorry, I should have thought of that! – That’s alright. Open the copy board cover, put your paper upsidedown on top of the copy board and close the cover. – Then I push the button. Right? – Right! – Thanks for your help! – Don’t mention it.
copier = kopimaskin copy board cover = deksel copy board = glassplate / glasplate
What an idea!
143
11 Pair work Take turns and explain how to • start a washing-machine • operate a cd-player • set the alarm on a mobile phone • start the vacuum cleaner • clean a bicycle etc.
Grammar 12 Articles: A/an The articles a and an mean the same as en/ein, ei and et/eit in Norwegian.
Study these words:
a a a a
tin-opener green umbrella young inventor person
an an an an
old tin-opener umbrella inventor honest person
Each word has an article in front, either a or an. Can you find out when to use a and when to use an? Tip: Say the word that comes after the article! Turn to pp. 21–22 in your Grammar and learn when to use a and when to use an.
144
Chapter 6
articles = artikler / artiklar
13 Put a or an in front of these words: a b c d e f g h
… … … … … … … …
answering machine pair of shoes car computer ear telephone skateboard old house
14 Put a or an in front of these words: a b c d e f g h
… … … … … … … …
Thermos flask hour improvement Yo-Yo American dog European person moped
15 Translate the words in brackets (parentes) and complete the sentences: Tom has … Laura has … My parents have … We have … A cat has … My teacher has …
(en mp3-spiller / ein mp3-spelar) (et elektrisk tog / eit elektrisk tog) (en gammel bil / ein gammal bil) (et nytt hus /eit nytt hus) (et lett liv / eit lett liv) (en rød genser / ein raud genser)
You can find more exercises with a and an on the New Flight website at http://newflight.cappelen.no
Listen! 16 There are different ways of travelling: by boat, by plane, by train, by car, by bus, by underground, by horse and wagon etc. You will now hear four different situations. Decide how the people you hear about are travelling.
What an idea!
145
Let’s write! 17 Design a nice poster for something you would like to sell! You may use a computer to make your poster. Your poster must contain: • A drawing of the thing you want to sell • The name of the product • A short description of what it is used for • The price
18 Add some full stops and some capital letters to make this story right: The microwave oven was invented in 1946 Percy LeBaron Spencer was a scientist who was working with microwaves in his laboratory he suddenly discovered that a toffee he had in his pocket, had melted he soon understood that the microwaves had made it melt this told him that microwaves could be used to heat and cook food the first microwave oven was sold in 1947.
19 Make a poem out of one of the words from this chapter. Example: INVENT Inventions – New and old ones Very useful, most of them. Earphones and airships Nutcrackers and knives – how did they Think of them all?
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Chapter 6
full stop = punktum capital letter = stor forbokstav
20 When the first trains came, people didn’t quite know what to think about them. Some people, like Mrs Moffat in text B on pp. 115–117 in your Textbook, were very sceptical to the new invention. Others liked the idea of travelling by train, since it was so much faster than going by horse and wagon. Imagine you lived at that time. Write a short letter to the editor of your local newspaper and give your opinion on the train. You may use the Internet to do further research of historical facts.
Work with words 21 Gridwork Ask your teacher for a worksheet and see if you can solve the puzzle!
22 What words are described here? You can find them all in text B on pp. 115–117 in your Textbook. a The part of your body that your head is fastened to b An animal that is very strong and can pull wagons c The parts of your body that you are standing on d An animal that crawls along the ground e A round thing that makes cars, trains and wagons roll f A piece of clothing you wear on your head g A piece of clothing you wear around your neck h A building where priests work
What an idea!
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23 Read these user manuals and find out what products they give instructions for: a 1. Put the plug into the socket. 2. Put the bowl of food onto the glass tray. NB! Never use any item containing metal in the … 3. Turn the power switch to the desired position. 4. Set the timer. 5. Push the start button. 6. When the time is up, the … will turn itself off and give a sound signal.
b • • •
To achieve the best results, pre-fill before use with warm water for hot drinks and cold water for chilled drinks. The bottle should not be over-filled. Remember to leave sufficient space in the neck to fit the stopper. After filling, ensure that both the outside cup and the stopper are always tightly closed.
c When the “MESSAGE LED” illuminates, record your message (up to two minutes) speaking at a distance of 30–45 cm from the microphone. The machine will now switch automatically to the answering mode ready to receive incoming messages.
24 Use a good dictionary and find words for the things you see in this illustration:
Use the words in sentences of your own. 148
Chapter 6
Grammar 25 Revision: Irregular verbs Find the past tense of these irregular verbs and use them to complete the sentences below. Each verb should only be used once. sell, lose, sit, make, speak a The inventor of the guillotine … his life in his own machine in 1792. b The first chewing-gum was … in 1869, but people have always chewed on something. c Levi Stauss … his first jeans to gold-diggers in California. d Thomas A. Edison was nearly deaf, so he often used the Morse alphabet when he … with his wife. e Benjamin Franklin was probably the first person who … in a rocking-chair, since he was the person who invented it.
26 Revision: Verbs in the present tense Change this story from the past tense into the present tense: Lucy was a creative little girl. She liked to test everything she saw. When her parents turned on a light, she turned it off. When they put something together, she pulled it apart. One day she detected something interesting: two holes in the wall. In went her little finger – ouch! That hurt! She learnt the hard way, but she will become a smart, inventive woman one day – you wait and see! You can find more exercises with verbs on the New Flight website at http://newflight.cappelen.no
What an idea!
149
Let’s talk! 27 Years and dates Look at these sentences: The first robot, a mechanical duck, was made in 1738. On 12 December 1903, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize for Physics. Man first set foot on the moon on 21 July 1969. In 1818, 18-year-old Mary Shelley published her thriller Frankenstein. Which preposition was used to express a date? Which preposition was used to express a year? Use what you just learnt and say when you were born.
28 Use in or on to complete the sentences: a The constitution of the USA was signed … 4 July 1776. b Columbus discovered America … 1492. c The constitution of Norway was signed … 17 May 1814. d Wrigley’s chewing-gum company was founded … 1873. e … 1984 the Olympic Games were held in Sarajevo. f The first heart transplantation was performed …2 December 1967. g The American president Abraham Lincoln was shot … 14 April 1865.
29 Pair work Ask your teacher for a worksheet. You and your partner will have half a story each. To get the whole story you will have to help each other!
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Chapter 6
30 The words below do not mean anything. But – if they had been words for real items, what do you think they would be used for? Use your imagination and have a discussion! a b c d e
a bumperoid an airtickler a mixopedia a childograph an easoclip
Pair work
If you want to, you can make a role play where you use the words: You are in a shop where they sell these items. One of you will be the customer, the other one will be the salesperson. Ask questions about the items and give explanations! You may start by saying something like this: – Hello! I’d like to look at a bumperoid, please. – Of course. Any particular colour?
31 Pair work Draw your own invention. Explain to a partner what it looks like and let him or her draw it from what you say. No Norwegian allowed! Compare drawings afterwards. Do they look alike? If they do, you communicated well! Change roles afterwards.
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151
Work with words 32 Look at the drawing on the next page. What kind of clothes are these? Write down the English words for them, also the colours they have. Use a dictionary if you do not know the word, or to get your spelling right. a b c d e f
bukse lue votter skjørt skjorte sko
g h i j k
sokker hatt belte genser skjerf
33 Make your own fashion show! Describe the clothes you want to present and make a poster for the show. You may use a computer to make your poster.
34 These sentences have been split. Can you put them correctly together? Look in text C on pp. 119–120 in your Textbook if you need help. a b c d e f g h i j k l
Mary Quant was She had a brother Her parents did She married Her line of fashion was In the beginning she She had to sew Her designs soon She made a fashion out Everybody could In 1966 she received Today her business is
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
clothes at night. not want her to go to art school. was poor. of mini-skirts. born in London. “The Order of the British Empire”. Alexander Plunket Greene. owned by a Japanese company. afford her clothes. named Tony. became popular. called the “Chelsea look”.
35 Design your own line of furniture and make a description of it. Give the design a name and say why people should buy it.
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Chapter 6
Example: A red dress
What an idea!
153
36 Create your own board game and play it with a friend! Try this way, for instance: START
etc.
Every time you get to a square, something happens. Example: “You have lost your glasses. Go back to circle 2 and look for them.”
You will need a pair of dice to play the game.
dice= terninger /terningar
Grammar Possessives 37 A possessive is used instead of a name or another noun to tell us who owns something: It is my toy It is your toy It is his toy It is her toy It is its toy They are our toys They are your toys They are their toys
The The The The
toy toy toy toy
is is is is
mine yours his hers
The toys are ours The toys are yours The toys are theirs
Look at the connection between the possessive and the thing you own. When do we use the “short version” (my etc.) of the possessive? When do we use the “longer version” (mine etc.) of the possessive? Turn to p. 18 in your Grammar and learn when to use the different forms of the possessive.
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possessive = eiendomsord / eigedomsord
38 Pair work Look at the example and answer the questions in the same way. Do the exercise twice and take turns asking and answering. Example: – Does this camera belong to you? – Yes, it’s my camera.
a b c d e f
Does this bike belong to Mrs Green? Yes, it’s … Do these bags belong to Jack and Jill? Yes, they are … Does this present belong to me? Does this book belong to us? Do these shoes belong to George? Do these jackets belong to you and Susie?
39 Pair work Look at the example and answer the questions in the same way. Do the exercise twice and take turns asking and answering. Example: – Is that my pen, Lucy? – Yes, it’s yours.
a b c d e f
Is Is Is Is Is Is
that that that that that that
Ben’s lunch? Yes, it’s … your uncle and aunt’s house? your hairbrush, Charlie? Anne’s and your dog? Linn’s computer? our car?
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40 Fill in the correct form of the possessive: a b c d e f g h i j
my/mine their/theirs your/yours my/mine her/hers our/ours her/hers your/yours our/ours their/theirs
It is … birthday today! The Browns found … seats at the cinema. Is this bag …? The red house over there is … Linda played … favourite CD. This big pizza is … ! Susie owns that kitten. It is … … new bicycle is really something! It was … turn to do the shopping. The fault was all …
41 Be careful how you spell the possessives. Do not mix up these words when you write:
its = possessive his = possessive your = possessive their = possessive
Fill in: a their / they’re b your / you’re c their / they’re d his / he’s e its / it’s f your / you’re g its / it’s h his / he’s
it’s = it is he’s = he is you’re = you are they’re = they are
… … … … … … … …
late for swimming practice. a strong person, Wanda! teacher is absent. ill. a beautiful morning. dog is better now. temperature is down. dog is … best friend.
You can find more exercises with possessives on the New Flight website at http://newflight.cappelen.no
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Listen! 42 Listen to this story and answer the following questions: a What did Charles B. Darrow invent? b How did he get the idea? c How did he design his game?
Let’s think! 43 Three designers have their shops next to each other on the same street. Can you find out where their shops are and what they sell? Shops: Ebb Design, Liz Design, Beth Design What they sell: dresses, sports clothes, hats Clues:
• • • •
Beth Design’s shop is between Liz Design and Ebb Design The shop to the right sells sports clothes Ebb Design’s shop is not to the left Liz Design does not sell dresses
44 Who bought what when? Four people bought something last week. Can you find out who bought what? The four are: Henry, Celia, Jack and Susie What they bought: a book, a sweater, a jacket, a moped The days they went shopping: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday Clues:
• • • • • •
Celia did not buy a jacket or a sweater. Henry went shopping on Wednesday The person who went shopping on Saturday bought a moped Jack bought a book Susie did not go shopping on Tuesday Henry did not buy a sweater
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45 What inventions are these? If you guess correctly after the first clue, you can give yourself 5 points. If you need more information, you lose one point for each clue given. No cheating – cover up the rest of the clues!
a 5 4 3 2
points: points: points: points:
1 point:
A Norwegian product from 1899. The inventor’s name was Johan Vaaler. It is a small thing, but very useful in every office. These days you can get them in all colours and types. They are usually made of metal, but plastic ones are also common. Originally it was just a string of metal, which was then turned and bent several times.
b 5 points: They were probably invented in Italy at the end of the 13th century. 4 points: A lot of people need these every day. 3 points: They consist of two round items, held together by metal or plastic. 2 points: You may need them when you read, for instance. 1 point: Without them, certain people cannot see well enough. c 5 points: The first one was installed in Louis XV’s Versailles in 1743. 4 points: Most of them are inside buildings, but they can also be seen on the outside of some buildings. 3 points: It is very useful in a tall building. 2 points: Basically, it is a room that moves. 1 point: It brings people up and down between floors. d 5 points: This handy little thing was invented by the American W. L. Judson in 1893. 4 points: It is made of metal or plastic. 3 points: Mostly you find them on clothes, but they are useful also on bags, for instance. 2 points: It consists of small parts that grip into each other. 1 point: It could be used instead of buttons.
Can you make a similar quiz for a friend?
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Soundbox 46 The phonetic symbol /j/ is the first sound in you The phonetic symbol /d / is the sound of the g in age Practise the sounds: a Say these word pairs: use – juice you – Jew
your – jaw
yet – jet
b Read this story about the first roller-skates in use: In 1759 the / beld ən/ instrument maker / d əυzif/ Merlin invented the roller-skates. He was so happy with his /nju:/ invention that he decided to /ju:z/ the skates at a /hju:d / ball he was invited to. He planned a / bju:tifl/ entrance: He would roll in on his skates, playing the violin as he skated! When the / i:vniŋ/ came, he arrived at Carlisle House in London, where the ball was /ə reind d/. He was skating at good /spi:d/ in the big hall, playing his violin as planned, when he discovered that he had forgotten to invent /breiks/! He could not stop and ran straight into the big / mirə/ at the end of the hall! The / mirə/ shattered into pieces, his violin was destroyed and / d əυz f/ himself was badly hurt. More than a hundred /jiəz/ later, /d eimz/ L. Plimpton from /nju: jɔ:k/ improved Merlin’s skates. He put /fɔ:/ wheels underneath instead of /tu:/, among other things. And – I don’t believe he ever /ju:zd/ them at a party! c What words are these? /kəm pju:tə/ /d i:p/ /brid /
/d u:s/
/ ju:nifɔ:m/
/r fr d reitə/
d Go back to text A on pp. 112–113 in your Textbook. How many words can you find with the /j/-sound there? How about the /d /sound? What an idea!
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Find out more 1 Find out more about the life and work of an inventor or a designer and share your knowledge in your school group. The Internet or your local library would be a good source of information. 2 Choose an invention and find out more about it, like how it was invented, who invented it, when this happened, stories connected to it etc. Tell your school group about the invention you have studied and demonstrate how it works. 3 Pick an everyday thing and find out how the design of the item has changed over the years. What did a modern chair look like in the 1880s, the 1940s, the 1970s and today, for instance? How about a lamp? A bed? A house? Make drawings or copies of photos to illustrate your findings when you share them in your school group.
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Extra reading
A
It is not always easy to understand how these new inventions work!
His first telegram A long time ago, when a telegram was something new and special, a poor farmer came home from the field one night and found his wife very ill. She wanted her mother to come and stay with her and the farmer decided to try out the new telegraph system to send a message to his mother-in-law. He went to the nearest telegraph-office, which was three miles away. It was the first telegram he had ever sent, so the clerk had to show him what to do. After he had written it out, he asked the clerk to send it off at once and then he left. Fifteen minutes later he returned and was very angry. He said he wanted to know why the telegram had not been sent! The clerk said the telegram had been sent at once, but the man answered, “You are lying! I am sure it has not been sent. You see, I have been outside watching the telegraph wires all the time and I have not seen my telegram go by yet!�
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B
George lives with his mother, father and grandmother on a farm. His parents are often busy with work and George must look after his grandmother, who is a very special person. She is not very nice to him at all! One of George’s tasks is to give Grandma her medicine. One day he decides to invent his own very special medicine for Grandma, made out of different things he finds in and around the house…
George’s marvellous medicine George took an enormous saucepan out of the cupboard and placed it on the kitchen table. “George!” came the shrill voice from the next room. “What are you doing?” “Nothing, Grandma,” he called out. “You needn’t think I can’t hear you just because you closed the door! You’re rattling the saucepans!” “I’m just tidying the kitchen, Grandma.” Then there was silence. George had absolutely no doubts whatsoever about how he was going to make his famous medicine. He wasn’t going to fool about wondering whether to put in a little bit of this or a little bit of that. Quite simply, he was going to put in EVERYTHING he could find. There would be no messing about, no hesitating, no wondering whether a particular thing would knock the old girl sideways or not. The rule would be this: whatever he saw, if it was runny or powdery or gooey, in it went. Nobody had ever made a medicine like that before. If it didn’t actually cure Grandma, then it would anyway cause some exciting results. It would be worth watching. George decided to work his way round the various rooms one at a time and see what they had to offer. He would go first to the bathroom. There are always lots of funny things in a bathroom. So upstairs he went, carrying the enormous twohandled saucepan before him. In the bathroom, he gazed longingly at the famous and dreaded medicine cupboard. But he didn’t go near it. It was the only thing in the 162
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entire house he was forbidden to touch. He had made solemn promises to his parents about this and he wasn’t going to break them. There were things in there, they had told him, that could actually kill a person, and although he was out to give Grandma a pretty fiery mouthful, he didn’t really want a dead body on his hands. George put the saucepan on the floor and went to work. Number one was a bottle labelled GOLDEN GLOSS HAIR SHAMPOO. He emptied it into the pan. “That ought to wash her tummy nice and clean,” he said. He took a full tube of TOOTHPASTE and squeezed out the whole lot of it in one long worm. “Maybe that will brighten up those horrid brown teeth of hers,” he said. Here was an aerosol can of SUPERFOAM SHAVING SOAP belonging to his father. George loved playing with aerosols. He pressed the button and kept his finger on it until there was nothing left. A wonderful mountain of white foam built up in the giant saucepan. With his fingers, he scooped out the contents of a jar of VITAMIN ENRICHED FACE CREAM. In went a small bottle of scarlet NAIL VARNISH. “If the toothpaste doesn’t clean her teeth,” George said, “then this will paint them as red as roses.” He found another jar of creamy stuff labelled HAIR REMOVER. SMEAR IT ON YOUR LEGS, it said, AND ALLOW TO REMAIN FOR FIVE MINUTES. George tipped it all into the saucepan. There was something called BRILLIDENT FOR CLEANING FALSE TEETH. It was a white powder. In that went, too. He found another aerosol can, NEVERMORE PONKING DEODORANT SPRAY, GUARANTEED, it said, TO KEEP AWAY UNPLEASANT BODY SMELLS FOR A WHOLE DAY. “She could use plenty of that,” George said as he sprayed the entire canful into the saucepan. LIQUID PARAFFIN, the next one was called. It was a big bottle. He hadn’t the faintest idea what it did to you, but he poured it in anyway. That, he thought, looking around him, was about all from the bathroom. After having emptied the bathroom, George went on to the bedroom, the laundry-room, the kitchen, the garden shed and the garage to pick up useful ingredients. Then it was time to cook and serve Grandma’s medicine – and see how it worked:
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George turned off the heat under the saucepan. He must leave plenty of time for it to cool down. When all the steam and froth had gone away, he peered into the giant pan to see what colour the great medicine now was. It was a deep and brilliant blue. “It needs more brown in it,” George said. “It simply must be brown or she’ll get suspicious.” George ran outside and dashed into his father’s tool shed where all the paints were kept. There was a row of cans on the shelf, all colours, black, green, red, pink, white and brown. He reached for the can of brown. The label said simply DARK BROWN GLOSS PAINT ONE QUART. He took a screwdriver and prised off the lid. The can was three-quarters full. He rushed it back to the kitchen. He poured the whole lot into the saucepan. The saucepan was now full to the brim. Very gently, George stirred the paint into the mixture with the long wooden spoon. Ah-ha! It was all turning brown! A lovely rich creamy brown! “Where’s that medicine of mine, boy?!” came the voice from the living-room. “You’re forgetting me! You’re doing it on purpose! I shall tell your mother!” “I’m not forgetting you, Grandma,” George called back. “I’m thinking of you all the time. But there are still ten minutes to go.” “You’re a nasty little maggot!” the voice screeched back. “You’re a lazy and disobedient little worm, and you’re growing too fast.” George fetched the bottle of Grandma’s real medicine from the sideboard. He took out the cork and tipped it all down the sink. He then filled the bottle with his own magic mixture by dipping a small jug into the saucepan and using it as a pourer. He replaced the cork. Had it cooled down enough yet? Not quite. He held the bottle under the cold tap for a couple of minutes. The label came off in the wet but that didn’t matter. He dried the bottle with a dishcloth. All was now ready! This was it! The great moment had arrived! “Medicine time, Grandma!” he called out. “I should hope so, too,” came the grumpy reply. The silver tablespoon in which the medicine was always given lay ready on the kitchen sideboard. George picked it up. Holding the spoon in one hand and the bottle in the other, he advanced into the living-room.
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Grandma sat hunched in her chair by the window. The wicked little eyes followed George closely as he crossed the room towards her. “You’re late,” she snapped. “I don’t think I am, Grandma.” “Don’t interrupt me in the middle of a sentence!” she shouted. “But you’d finished your sentence, Grandma.” “There you go again,” she cried. “Always interrupting and arguing. You really are a tiresome little boy. What’s the time?” “It’s exactly eleven o’clock, Grandma.” “You’re lying as usual. Stop talking so much and give me my medicine. Shake the bottle first. Then pour it into the spoon and make sure it’s a whole spoonful.” “Are you going to gulp it all down in one go?” George asked her. “Or will you sip it?” “What I do is none of your business,” the old woman said. “Fill the spoon.” As George removed the cork and began very slowly to pour the thick brown stuff into the spoon, he couldn’t help thinking back upon all the mad and marvellous things that had gone into the making of this crazy stuff – the shaving soap, the hair remover, the dandruff cure, the automatic washing-machine powder, the flea powder for dogs, the shoe-polish, the black pepper, the horseradish sauce and all the rest of them, not to mention the powerful animal pills and powders and liquids … and the brown paint. “Open your mouth wide, Grandma,” he said, “and I’ll pop it in.” The old hag opened her small wrinkled mouth, showing disgusting pale brown teeth. “Here we go!” George cried out. “Swallow it down!” He pushed the spoon well into her mouth and tipped the mixture down her throat. Then he stepped back to watch the result. It was worth watching. Grandma yelled “Oweeee!” and her whole body shot up whoosh into the air. It was exactly as though someone had pushed an electric wire through the underneath of her chair and switched on the current. Up she went like a jack-in-the-box … and she didn’t come down … she stayed there … suspended in mid-air … about two feet up … still in a sitting position … but rigid now … frozen … quivering … the eyes bulging … the hair standing straight up on end.
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“Is something wrong, Grandma?” George asked her politely. “Are you all right?” Suspended up there in space, the old girl was beyond speaking. The shock that George’s marvellous mixture had given her must have been tremendous. You’d have thought she’d swallowed a red-hot poker the way she took off from that chair. Then she came down again with a plop, back into her seat. “Call the fire brigade!” she shouted suddenly. “My stomach’s on fire!” “It’s just the medicine, Grandma,” George said. “It’s good strong stuff.” “Fire!” the old woman yelled. “Fire in the basement! Get a bucket! Man the hoses. Do something quick!” “Cool it, Grandma,” George said. But he got a bit of a shock when he saw the smoke coming out of her mouth and out of her nostrils. Clouds of black smoke were coming out of her nose and blowing around the room. “By golly, you really are on fire,” George said. “Of course I’m on fire!” she yelled. “I’ll be burned to a crisp! I’ll be fried to a frizzle! I’ll be boiled like a beetroot!” George ran into the kitchen and came back with a jug of water. “Open your mouth, Grandma!” he cried. He could hardly see her for the smoke, but he managed to pour half a jugful down her throat. A sizzling sound, the kind you get if you hold a hot frying-pan under a cold tap, came up from deep down in Grandma’s stomach. The old hag bucked and shied and snorted. She gasped and gurgled. Spouts of water came shooting out of her. And the smoke cleared away. “The fire’s out,” George announced proudly. “You’ll be all right now, Grandma.” “All right?” she yelled. “Who’s all right? There’s jacky-jumpers in my tummy! There’s squigglers in my belly! There’s bangers in my bottom!” She began bouncing up and down in the chair. Quite obviously she was not very comfortable. “You’ll find it’s doing you a lot of good, that medicine, Grandma,” George said. “Good!” she screamed. “Doing me good? It’s killing me!” Then she began to bulge. She was swelling! She was puffing up all over!
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Someone was pumping her up, that’s how it looked! Was she going to explode? Her face was turning from purple to green! But wait! She had a puncture somewhere! George could hear the hiss of escaping air. She stopped swelling. She was going down. She was slowly getting thinner again, shrinking back and back slowly to her shrivelly old self. “How’s things, Grandma?” George said. No answer. Then a funny thing happened. Grandma’s body gave a sudden sharp twist and a sudden sharp jerk and she flipped herself clear out of the chair and landed neatly on her two feet on the carpet. “That’s terrific, Grandma!” George cried. “You haven’t stood up like that for years! Look at you! You’re standing up all on your own and you’re not even using a stick!” Grandma didn’t even hear him. The frozen pop-eyed look was back with her again now. She was miles away in another world. Marvellous medicine, George told himself. He found it fascinating to stand there watching what it was doing to the old hag. What next? he wondered. He soon found out. Suddenly she began to grow. It was quite slow at first … just a very gradual inching upwards … up, up, up … inch by inch … getting taller and taller … about an inch every few seconds … and in the beginning George didn’t notice it. But when she had passed the five foot six mark and was going on up towards being six feet tall, George gave a jump and shouted, “Hey, Grandma! You’re growing! You’re going up! Hang on, Grandma! You’d better stop now or you’ll be hitting the ceiling!” But Grandma didn’t stop. It was a truly fantastic sight, this ancient scrawny old woman getting taller and taller, longer and longer, thinner and thinner, as though she were a piece of elastic being pulled upwards by invisible hands. When the top of her head actually touched the ceiling, George thought she was bound to stop. But she didn’t.
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There was a sort of scrunching sound, and bits of plaster and cement came raining down. “Hadn’t you better stop now, Grandma?” George said. “Daddy’s just had this whole room repainted.” But there was no stopping her now. Soon, her head and shoulders had completely disappeared through the ceiling and she was still going. George dashed upstairs to his own bedroom and there she was coming up through the floor like a mushroom. “Whoopee!” she shouted, finding her voice at last. “Hallelujah, here I come!” Roald Dahl (abridged)
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