1a 2 pete iannetta

Research project impact - a function of liberty Iannetta, Karley, Ramsay

The best fertiliser is price The positive effects of legume cropping Decreased GHG emissions Decreased fossil energy use Increased C & N assimilation Increased soil N uptake Decreased N losses (leaching / volatilisation)

Negative Soil Acidification

Increased soil fertility (N-fertiliser offset) Increased C sequestration Increased above and below ground diversity Better soil water retention

Increased N losses

Drinkwater et al., (1998) Legume-based cropping systems have reduced carbon and nitrogen losses. Nature 396, 262-265.

Faba beans

Vicia faba L. (faba bean) Dehulling ca 24 % N, Hulls fractionation Kernals (82%) into three different Milling & Air Classification types of animal feeds.

BPC (P:S - 11:1)

BSC (P:S – 1:3)

Fish feed (20 %)

Other feed (62 %)

Ruminant feed (18 %)

www.beans4feeds.net Air classification was less efficient than anticipated - BPC value was diminished.

The value of BSC for use in poultry and pig feed could not compensate this loss.

Higher value routes needed for BSC (and hulls) – ca +100k tonnes annually

C = control – no enzymes added T = “traditional” – enzymes added SF = simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

www.ibd.org.uk

BSC bread – higher protein and minerals Tastes as white - @ 30% inclusion

Current work and the future work Edinburgh science festival - 1000 L – taste/perception tests

• This exploration was not planned

• KE/impact was responsive • Extended beyond contractual obligations /disciplinary constraints

• Management structure - encouraged freedom