STUDIO AIR JOURNAL 2016 SEMESTER 2 NINGJING (CECILIA) ZHU 660208 TUTOR MANEUL
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Table of Contents Part B Design Criteria B.1. Research Field B.2. Case Study 1.0 B.3. Case Study 2.0 B.4. Technique: Development B.5. Technique: Prototypes B.6. Technique: Proposal B.7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes B.8. Appendix-Algorithmic Sketches Bibliography
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B.1. Research Field Tessellation The research field I choose is tessellation. It could be simply defined as repeating shapes or patterns that cover a surface without gaps or overlaps1. Tessellations are sometimes referred to as “tilings”. The differneces between this two terms determined by the repeating shapes. Tilings only use polygons, while tessellations could be formed by polugons and other irregular shapes, thus creating more flexible and interesting patterns2. Tessellations could be found in numerous fields. In nature world, many items could be considered as tessellation patterns, such as bee honeycombs, cracked mud, and turtle shells. Tessellation is also a study field in mathematics, in which many categories of tessellations are divided. For example: wallpaper groups, aperiodic tilings, and voronoi tilings 3. According to the theoriatical knowledge, tessellation could not only form 2D pattern, but also for 3D or higher dimensions. Tessellation elements are significant resources for art creating and froming. Maurits Cornelis Escher was an well-known artist who incorporated complicated tessellation patterns into his artistic works 4. Tessellations can be applied to architecture, and there is a long history in architecture for tessellation use. The earliest trace have been found in around 4000 BC, tessellations were used as building wall decorations by Sumerians5. They were also extensively used in Islamic architecture (see Figure 1).
1.”What is tessellation”, <http://www.tessellations.org/tess-what.shtml> 2. Jaspreet Khaira, What are Tilings and Tessellations and how are they used in Architecture, <http://www.butrousfoundation.com/ysj/wp-content/uploads/Issue07/What-are-Tilingsand-Tessellations-and-how-are-they-used-in-Architecture.pdf>. 3. Margenstern, Maurice, “Coordinates for a new triangular tiling of the hyperbolic plane”. 4. ”What is tessellation”, <http://www.tessellations.org/tess-what.shtml>. 5. Jaspreet Khaira, What are Tilings and Tessellations and how are they used in Architecture, Part B
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FIG.1. SAINT PETERSBURG MOSQUE FRAGMENT OF TILED WALL
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Nowadays, tessellations are used in architecture widely because of the development of computational design techniques. Both 2d and 3d patterns could be applied to building facades or spatial design6. Tessellation patterns can create eye-catching and interesting effect. There are some projects shown the applications of tessellation in figures. Accorting to these figures, it is noting that contemporary design attempts to use tessellations in different ways during the design process. Parametric tools could also help to do some material, lighting, and effect stimulations.
FIG.2. POLYP.LUX BY SOFTLAB
6. Mark Garcia, Prologue for a History, Theory and Future of Patterns of Architecture and Spatial Design
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FIG.3. THE CONGA ROOM BY BELZBERG ARCHITECTS
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B.2. Case Study 1.0
IwamotoScott - Voussoir Cloud
Voussoir Cloud was esigned by IwamotoScott for the Southern California Institute of Architecture gallery in LA. With structural engineering collaboration by Buro Happold, fabricated and installed with the help of a group of SCIArc students in 20087. Instead of placing a design object in the place, it tried to creating immersive experience in the space. It also explored spatial, material and experiential implications that related to perception, weight and structure. The overall structure could be stimulated by using Kangaroo plug-in in Grasshopper, and the detailed pattern investigates the application of 3D tessellation in architecture. The form of Voussoir Cloud is the tessellation patterns of petals. From figure 5 and figure 6, tessellation patterns could be found, and the fabrication method is analyzed. They investigated the possibilities of computational origamy to produce curved folds, tested the computational geometries optimazation 8.
FIG.4. VOUSSOIR CLOUD
7. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Voussoir Cloud Los Angeles, CA, United Stateâ&#x20AC;? from http://architizer.com/projects/voussoir-cloud/. 8. IwamotoScott Architecture, from http://www.iwamotoscott.com/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD.
FIG.5. VOUSSOIR CLOUD DETAI Part B
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ILED PETAL
FIG.6. VOUSSOIR CLOUD PETAL GEOMETRIES Part B
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B.2. Case Study 1.0 Matrix Specie 1 Change basic parametrics: z direction and number; unary force direction and number; scale of voronoi; stiffness; the location of i force.
Specie 2 Change curve shape
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B.2. Case Study 1.0 Matrix Specie 3 Box morph with three exploring geometries.
Specie 4 1. Change point number (reduce to 3) 2. Mesh + effect
Specie 5 1. Change point number (add to 10) 2. Weavebird & Mesh + effect
Specie 6 1.Use weavebird to add geometry. 2. Populate points and add spheres tunnels to the mesh surface.
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Selection Criteria Aesthetics
Functionality
Selected design should be attractive and comfortable for users. This is not only outside of the design, but also interior design and spatial deaign, such as the light and shadoe effects of the design.
Selected design is supposed to be functional. Not only a object to see or view, it should be interactive adn useable.
This iteration gives sufficiengt space for users, and the structure is stable and easy to fabricate. The limitation of it is the appearance that is not so attractive and creative.
This iteration could be seen as a structure of the building or construction. The appearance of it is quite similar to case study 1, if material is selected suitable, it could be transparent to create beautiful lights adn shadows.
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Site Adaptivity
Fabrication/ Buildability
This criteria aims to check the design could be suitable for site or not. Is there any specific sitiations should be considered during the deisgn process.
This criteria is considered about whether delected design could be fabricated in the reality. This is quite important for makeing prototypes, and selection of materialities.
This iteration forms a great central space, and the opennings could form beautiful shadoe and light effects. The structure is stable, and it is easy to fabricate.
This iteration is similar to above one to some extend. This could serve more people, and cover more spaces. This could be served as a recreational spaces. The whole space could be divided into quiet areas and public areas for different users.
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B.3. Case Study 2.0 MATSYS-Shellstar Pavilion
Shellstar Pavilion was designed by MATSYS in 2012. The pavilion serves as a social hub and art center for Hong Kong design and art festival. The composition intended to achieve maximal spatial performance, at the same time, could use minimal material and simple structure. As a result, it could be an efficient, resonable, and temporary construction. The Shellstar Pavilionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design process can be divided into three stages: form-finding, surface optimization, and fabrication planning/ panelization. According to my research field, tessellation paterns is applied to the surface of the pavilion. The use of tessellations could also help to chieve its goal of minimizing material because there is no gaps beween tessellation patterns. I think the most related part of the project is the surface optimization. The structure is composed of nearly 1500 individual cells. In order to achieve the form of the pavilion, every cell is slightly non-planar, while it could not be too non-planar because it needs to be cut from the flat surface sheet. So parametric tool was used to optimize each cell to make the whole surface.
FIG.7. SHELLSTAR PAVILION
From design, fabrication to assembly, only 6 weeks was spent with the assisstant od parametric modeling environment. Critically, the project achieved most of the objectives explained above.
9. MATASYS Shellstar Pavilion from http://matsysdesign.com/2013/02/27/shellstar-pavilion/.
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FIG.8. SHELLSTAR PAVILION
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Reverse-engineer
Stage 1. Draw the basic shape of the design.
Stage 2. Create a hexa-grid mesh on top of the basic shape.
Stage 5. Run the Kangaroo stimulation, use spring force, form the final lineworks of the project.
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Stage 3. Trim the hexa-grid mesh by using the outline shpae.
Stage 4. Set anchor points and other parametrics for preparation kangaroo stimulation.
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B.4.Technique: Development Specie 1 1.Change anchor points 2. Weavebird subdivision mesh
Specie 2 Weavebird mesh effects
Specie 3 Weavebird more mesh effects explorations
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Case Study 2
2.0 Iteractions
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Case Study 2.0 Iteractions Specie 4 1. Weavebird add geometries to the mesh surface. 2.Populate points and add spheres to the meshsurface. 3.Using attractor to control geometriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; sizes.
Specie 5 Mesh + effects explorations
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Case Study 2.0 Iteractions Specie 6 Box morph for parts of the mesh surface.
Specie 7 Extrude base surface and explore with Mesh + effects.
Specie 8 1. Loft base 2. Mesh+ effects
Specie 9 1. Create sphere/mesh sphere 2. Mesh+ effects
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B.4.Technique: Development
There are some selected iterations that I found intresting to explore further. After two case studies, I have a deeper understanding in my research field-tessellation. I would like to use tessellations into my design. Proper use of tessellations in architecture not only could create eye-catghing appearance, but also could make the design more efficient with the help of computational tools during the design process.
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B.5. TECHNIQUE PROTOTYPE Prototype 1 Using this method, I could not create the surface opening, and the unroll surfaces are quite difficult to join them together.
a. Using Polyhedra plug-in in Rhino
This is a more practical way for me to create the prototype, some of the edges are joined, and it is easier for me to fabricate for my prototype.
b. Using Ivy plug-in in Grasshopper
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Three join methods exploration
Overall unroll surfaces, and oppennings are cut for further steps.
Method 1. Adding extra edges like the photos above, and use glue to join them together.
Method 2. Using map pins to join teo faces together.
Method 3. Using ropes to wrap them together.
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Prototype 2
This prototype is suitable to make 3d printing, I changed the rhino file to meet requirements for 3d printing.
Using 3D Printing Technology
Prototype 3
Using Pasta to make prototype 3 It could be seen that this exploration is not quite successful because the structure ciuld not be sticked together, map pins are used to make the model stable. I think it is better to use 3D Printing for making this prototype.
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Achieve Design Goals Through the prototype exploration, I found that sometimes ti is difficult to transform the screen designed products into reality. It is important to meet the requitrements for different fabrication methos. In terms of my prototype, I think it could address the griven brief for following reasons: 1. They create useful space to meet the exhibitionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements. 2. The pattern fits to my research field -tesellation. 3. These pattern creates beautiful light and shadow that I was expected.
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B.6. TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL Site Analysis
Merri Creek Trail
Melbourne CBD
Selected Site
Merri Creek Site Plan
Bridge
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Transportation According to the Merri Creek Trail map, the public transportation in this areas are quite convinient.
Flora & Fauna Through the site visit observation and research. This area is featured by the diversity of species, and different landscape forms. These are good opportunities to incorporate site context into exhibition design.
Public Facility It could beseen from the photos, the selected site are accessible for numerous public areas, such as kids playground, BBQ areas, Bridges, parks, and rest areas. Therefore, this is a suitable place that could attract more oublic users.
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Design Proposal
Design Precedent & Concept
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Through the site visit, I found some environmental issues that could be set as my exhibition topic-water shortage & water pollution. My design intent to remind people to appreciate the water resources by experincing different spaces.
Water Pollution
This multiple spaces could also provide opportunities for people to interact with nature. Semiopen spaces are offerred that is more flexible for multiple users. People could chatting with friends, playing around differnet spaces, or enjoy indivisual relac time. This space could be also seen as a special path, through which people could experience differnet atmosperes.
Water Shortage
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Design Process
Design Concept
Form Finding
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Design Plan & Circulation Annotation
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B.7, Learning Objectives & Outcomes In this part, I will refer to learning objectives from Studio Air Course Reader in order to check what objectives I have acchieved, and what I need to improve in the following study process. Objective 1. “interrogat[ing] a brief” by considering the process of briefformation in the age of optioneering enabled by digital technologies; Objective 2. developing “an ability to generate a variety of design possibilities for a given situation” by introducing visual programming, algorithmic design and parametric modelling with their intrinsic capacities for extensive design-space exploration;
For objective 1 & 2, I think I have achieved this objective partly. During the design process, I could focus on the design brief, and put its requirements into consideration during the exploration and design process. For example, in the study of B.2. and B.3., I was trying to explore as many iterations as I can in order to create some iterations that could be used in later deign. With the grasshopper and its numerous plug-ins, I found many plug-ins could simplify the algorithmic process, and achieve more somplex design intents. Kangaroo is a essential plug-in during my case study, I start to gully understand how these digital tools could be used to stimulation and assist Mesh+ is one of the plug-ins that is quite convenient to deal with mesh related desgin. Through the case study of Shellstar PAvilion, I have a better understanding of how computational tools could be used during the form-finding, surface optimization, and fabrication planning/ panelization process. Digital technologies give us more opportunities to explore more complex design concept. However, I still need to learn more in order to avoid this useful tool restricting my design potential because of insufficient technology knowledge. During the reserve-engineering process, I found it is easy to understand a completed definition, but when I actually reverse the project by myself, there are lots of problems that without my expectation. More hard works need tobe done for my further improvement. Objective 3. developing “skills in various threedimensional media” and specifically in computational geometry, parametric modelling, analytic diagramming and digital fabrication;
For Objective 3, this is a significant part that I need to improve further. In the strudy of protopype, I could not take fully advantages of parametric tools to make the physical prototypes. Although, I have learned some basic knowledge of 3D printing and laser cut (in the aspect of unrolling surface and create tabs). I think these technologies are not difficult as i expect. I need to spend more time to practice these skills. Objective 4. developing “an understanding of relationships between architecture and air” through interrogation of design proposal as physical models in atmosphere;
For Objective 4, I think I have not understood this question, and need more time to explore the answer during the following study of the course.
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Objective 5. developing â&#x20AC;&#x153;the ability to make a case for proposalsâ&#x20AC;? by developing critical thinking and encouraging construction of rigorous and persuasive arguments informed by the contemporary architectural discourse.
For this objective, I think I have achieved the former part, but have not for later part. In the design proposal, I have a clear direction of my exhibition environmental problem-water, and stick to it through the whole design process. But according to the feedcack from interim presentaion, I found I have serious problem for making my argumetns persuasive. I think my problem is think not enough during the design process. For example, for exery design selections, I need to ask more for myself that why I do this selection no matter the selection is large or little. Furthermore, both of tutor and guest tutor mention the narrative of presentation. I am not good at oral presentation, sometimes could not express my design intends and concept. More descriptions are made rather than critical thinkings. This is what I need to improve further. Objective 6. develop capabilities for conceptual, technical and design analyses of contemporary architectural projects;
This objective is achieved throught the wrting of the journal. Through former feedbacks I got, I need to white content about more critical thinking rather than description. Objective 7. develop foundational understandings of computational geometry, data structures and types of programming;
Through the study of part B, I have learned some related knowledge in my research field-tessellation. This is a good opportunity for me to have a better understanding of this type of projects. It is quite useful that I can use it in my following design study. I think I have already owned the basic understanding of this fields, and could explore it further. Objective 8. begin developing a personalised repertoire of computational techniques substantiated by the understanding of their advantages, disadvantages and areas of application.
For the last objective, I think it is a big objective, and I am on the way of learning. Some basic principles have been learned, but it still need to be explored further during the following study.
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B.8. Appendix-Algorithmic Sketches
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Refernce List 1.”What is tessellation”, <http://www.tessellations.org/tess-what.shtml> 2. Jaspreet Khaira, What are Tilings and Tessellations and how are they used in Architecture, <http://www.butrousfoundation.com/ysj/wp-content/ uploads/Issue07/What-are-Tilings-and-Tessellations-and-how-are-they-used-inArchitecture.pdf>. 3. Margenstern, Maurice, “Coordinates for a new triangular tiling of the hyperbolic plane”. 4. Jaspreet Khaira, What are Tilings and Tessellations and how are they used in Architecture, 5. Mark Garcia, Prologue for a History, Theory and Future of Patterns of Architecture and Spatial Design 6. “Voussoir Cloud Los Angeles, CA, United State” from http://architizer.com/ projects/voussoir-cloud/. 7. IwamotoScott Architecture, from http://www.iwamotoscott.com/ VOUSSOIR-CLOUD.
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Figure List Figure 1. Viewd from <http://twistedsifter.com/2012/07/picture-of-the-day-entrance-to-the-saint-petersburgmosque/>. Figure 2. Viewd from <http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/polyp-lux-by-softlab/>. Figure 3. Viewed from <http://www.archdaily.com/160584/the-conga-room-belzberg-architects>. Figure 4. Viewed from < http://www.iwamotoscott.com/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD>. Figure 5. Viewed from <http://www.archdaily.com.br/br/01-54024/voussoir-cloud-iwamotoscott-architecturemais-buro-happold>. Figure 6. Viewed from <http://www.iwamotoscott.com/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD>. Figure 7. Viewed from <http://matsysdesign.com/2013/02/27/shellstar-pavilion/> Figure 8. Viewed from <http://matsysdesign.com/2013/02/27/shellstar-pavilion/>
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