GRAMMAR
REGULAR PLURALS
IRREGULAR PLURALS
Mouse – mice, fish – fish, deer – deer …
THIS – THAT / THESE - THOSE
A or AN
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Substitueixen el nom a la oraciรณ, Singular: Plural:
I, you, he, she, it. We, you, they.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Singular: My, your, his, her.
Plural: Our, your, their
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Singular: Mine, yours, his, hers. Plural: Ours, Yours,Theirs
THERE IS or THERE ARE Verb “Haver”
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Hi ha un conill al barret
Hi ha cinc conills al barret
No hi ha un hàmster a la gàbia
No hi ha cinc ocells a la gàbia No
Question form: Is there ….?
Are there …?
THE VERB “TO BE” (present tense) El verb TO BE pot tenir dos significats, que són
SER o ESTAR El podràs trobar en TRES formes diferents, segons a quin PRONOM acompanyi:
AM
-
IS
- ARE
Si jo dic: I am strong ___ Jo sóc fort I am at school ___ Jo estic a l'escola.
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
QUESTION
Singular I am
I am not (I’m not)
Am I …?
You are
You are not (you aren’t)
Are you …?
He, She, It is
He, She, It is not (isn’t
Is he/she/it …?
We are
Plural We are not (aren’t)
Are we ….?
You are
You are not (aren’t)
Are you …?
They are
They are not (aren’t)
Are they ….?
Question tags: Yes I am / No I’m not …
VERB “TO HAVE” = TENIR El podràs trobar en DOS formes diferents, segons a quin PRONOM acompanyi:
HAVE or HAS
Si jo dic: I have one brother - Jo tinc un germà She has a red car – Ella té un cotxe vermell.
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
QUESTION
Singular I have
I have not ( haven’t)
Do I have…?
You have
You have not ( haven’t)
Do you have …?
He, She, It has
We have
He, She, It has not ( hasn’t) Does he/she/it have…? Plural We have not ( haven’t) Do we have….?
You have
You have not ( haven’t)
Do you have …?
They have
They have not ( haven’t)
Do they have ….?
Question tags: Yes I have. / No I haven’t.
O també en combinació amb la paraula “GOT”, en qualsevol cas NO CANVIA EL SIGNIFICAT
HAVE GOT or HAS GOT (tenir) AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
QUESTION
Singular I have got
I haven’t got
Have I got …?
You have got
You haven’t got
Have you got …?
He, She, It has got
He, She, It hasn’t got
Has she / he / it got?
Plural We have
We haven’t got
Have we got …?
You have
You haven’t got
Have you got …?
They have
They haven’t got
Have they got …?
Question tags: Yes I’ve got / No I haven’t got.
PRESENT SIMPLE (affirmative)
Ho fem servir per parlar en present, i sobretot per parlar de coses que habitualment fem. Son habits i rutines. En mode afirmatiu, quan diem que SÍ: Els verbs no canvien, nomes afegim "S" o "ES" quan acompanyen a he/she/it
AFFIRMATIVE I, YOU, WE, THEY ( no changes) I drive my car You cook dinner We go to school
HE , SHE, IT ( add an “S”) She drives her car He cooks dinner It looks very difficult
PRESENT SIMPLE (negative) Per dir que no hem d'afegir:
DO NOT = don't
o
DOES NOT = doesn't
NEGATIVE I, YOU, WE, THEY+ DO NOT (don’t) I DO NOT drive my car
I don’t drive
You DO NOT cook dinner
You don’t cook
We DO NOT go to school
We don’t go
HE , SHE, IT + DOES NOT (doesn’t) She DOES NOT drive her car
She doesn’t drive
He DOES NOT cook dinner
He doesn’t cook
It DOES NOT look very difficult
It doesn’t look
PRESENT SIMPLE (question)
Per fer la pregunta, gapgirem l’inici de la frase i fem desaparèixer la paraula NOT.
QUESTION DO
……………….. I, YOU, WE, THEY …………………..?
DO I drive my car?
Yes I do / No I don’t
Do you cook dinner?
Yes you do / No you don’t
Do we go to school?
Yes we do / No, we don’t
DOES
………………….. HE , SHE, IT
………………………..?
DOES he drive his car?
Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t
DOES he cook dinner?
Yes he does / No, he doesn’t
DOES it look very difficult?
Yes it does / No it doesn’t
PRESENT CONTINOUS What are you doing? Serveix per expressar accions que es fan en el precís moment de dir-les. Allò que faig ara mateix. Combinem el VERB TO BE més el verb que acaba en ING. What are you doing? - Què estàs fent? TO BE + VERB - ing I am reading a book Per fer preguntes o dir que no, serà igual que amb el VERB TO BE I am NOT reading a book Am I reading a book?
GOING TO What are you doing? Serveix per expressar ALLÒ QUE FARÀS en un temps proper Combinem TO BE més GOING TO més el VERB que diu el que vols fer. What are you going to do? - Què vas a fer? TO BE + GOING TO + VERB I am going to visit my grandparents Per fer preguntes o dir que no, serà igual que amb el VERB TO BE I am NOT going to visit my grandparents Are you going to visit your grandparents?
COMPARATIVES Comparem dos o més coses
Examples: This picture is MORE BEAUTIFUL than the other Aquesta foto és més bonica que l’altre
Jane is TALLER than me La Jane és més alta que jo
OBJECT PRONOUNS Sobre quí recau l’acció del verb?
Examples: Arianne is talking to HER now. L’Arianne està parlant amb ella ara They prepared lots of activities for US Ells van preparar moltes activitats per nosaltres
POSSESSIVE “S” Whose is this jacket? It is Cindy’s.
Use the possessive “S” for: Family ties:
Tom’s Father
Possession:
Mary’s house
WHAT HAPPENS WITH PLURALS ENDING IN “S”?
GIRLS
The girls’ house
PARENTS
My parents’ car
+ apostrophe ( ’ )
WHOSE IS THIS? (De quí és això?) Whose is this bag?
It’s Laura’s bag (és de la Laura)
Whose bag is it?
It’s hers
(és d’ella)
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE
USE “SOME” or “ANY”
WHAT’S THE TIME? or WHAT TIME IS IT?
PAST TENSE
PRESENT versus PAST TENSE
IRREGULAR VERBS (learn it by heart)
INFINITIVE be become break bring buy catch come cost cut do drink drive eat fall feel find fly forget get give go
PAST SIMPLE was/were became broke brought bought caught came cost cut did drank drove ate fell felt found flew forgot got gave went
PAST TRANSLATION PARTICIPLE been become broken brought bought caught come cost cut done drunk driven eaten fallen felt found flown forgotten got given gone
IRREGULAR VERBS (learn it by heart)
INFINITIVE have hear hit keep know learn leave lose make mean meet
PAST SIMPLE had heard hit kept knew learnt left lost made meant met
PAST TRANSLATION PARTICIPLE had heard hit kept known learnt left lost made meant met
NUMBERS