Construction Analysis- Flipbook 3

ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 1 - 2020 Celina Supurnami Yaputra, 813602, 7 June 2020 Case Study: Lake Wendouree Architect: John Wardle Architects Tutor: Jim Commadeur, Tuesday 2.15-4.15 PM ASSIGNMENT 3

FLIPBOOK SECTION 3D: Layers of information

Horizontal

1.

Structural Systems, below ground

Concrete Raft Slab

100mm thick concrete slab is poured on site and covered with 0.2mm polythene membrane for a period of up to 30 days. This was done to cure and strengthen the concrete pouring.

Void formers

Creates artificial change of topography installed in between existing ground sand and clay.

How did the site condition affect the design of the house?

Structural systems, below ground

A. Response to soil condition

200 mm grid square mesh used to improve tensile strength and prevent concrete from cracking.

Steel reinforcement

The Lake Wendouree house has a relatively flat surface, with soil classif ied as ‘P’, problematic site area made f rom soft clay or loose sands. The soil present on site further not amenable to water retention, with clay soils (reactive) absorbing water and swell easier, creating problems with footings and subjected to poor structural capacity in bearing loads.

In response to this site condition, a better reinforcement was needed- which included stiffened raft slab that was used with strip footings. The area went through extensive preperation f irst before pouring the raft slab. Vegetable and debris on the soil was removed, and area was protected by agricultural drains to allow moisture content of the slab area as stable as possible, and this was particularly important as solutions of reactive clay soil sites.

Vertical

Retaining Wall

Pad footings

Continous concrete is created with 100mm thick and trench meshes as reinforcement.

The area under slab is furthered f illed with 50 mm bedding sand, levelled and consolidated to further strengthen the footings as part of the structural system.

Using 140 mm core filled reinforced block work and 220 mm thick concrete block wall to form two retaining walls on the two sides of ground floor living area.

2000x1000x500 mm of concrete pad footing installed underneath steel columns.

This reinforcement counters any tendancies for the footing to move if geographical disaster occurs.

B. Response to topography and design changes In response to the flat site condition, the architects have decided to create topography changes in house level to play up spaces and gave a more interesting solution. This includes giving the house different forms and level heights. Changes are made on contour plans and sections, and proposed house level was achieved using void formers to create an artif icial change.

Architects have also further made design changes, with location of the site to affect more sunshine passive heating (courtyard in the middle of the house) and blocking prevailing winds using cantilevered areas (e.g. study rooms).

115 mm on-ground void formers used to create an artif icial level landscape and change the topography of the house as per required floor levels

Furthermore, the window f rames of the house on the living room was made to overlook towards the lake outside. This f rames f rom the view itself, which resulted in the interesting design change.

It is essential to use backf ill material such as sandy soils or gravels used between the back of the retaining wall and the natural existing ground to be retained.

100 mm thickness of concrete floor slab poured

Void formers spaced out to create spaces for concrete slab to be poured.

Steel reinforcement (mesh) f ixed into bar chair

0.2 mm polythene vapour barrier

Hydronic coils in between void former and mesh

50 mm packing sand

Other than creating artif icial topography, void formers are also used to decrease the volume of concrete on site, reducing weight whilist increasing concrete strength

Argicultural drainage pipes adjacent to footing of the house, all services are installed before the concrete slab process

SECTION AA 1:50 @A3

compacted engineering f ills existing ground/stiff clay

ISOMETRIC SECTION AA: nts @A3 1000 mm

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2000 mm

3000 mm

Horizontal

2. Structural Systems, above ground

Vertical 200x100x5 Rectangular Hollow Section (Primary Steel Structure)

200 PFC beams (Window Steel Structure)

Ground Floor

How did the structure def ine the composition of architectural form and space?

Ground Floor 100mm thickness concrete slab systembondek tray with reinforcement

A. Irregular forms Overall material spans and sizes have created the form of the site and this expresses the house’s creative ideas, such as deriving shapes f rom Lake Wendouree’s boat houses. The composition of the main bedroom structure are matched alike to form unique shapes of ceiling and spaces.

B. Space Maximization Trusses with long spanning capacity create larger ground spaces and the house has large areas for more public areas such as living, dining and kitchen supported by the expansive ceiling height.

First Floor (steel primary)

First Floor

Roof

Power steel truss (between hyspan lvl creating a long spanning cantilever)

530mm and 350mm deep long reach intermediate floor trusses

First Floor (timber secondary)

90x45 timber stud walls, cross bracing and plywood bracing

180 UB steel members, 2/190 x 45 pine beams for timber battens, timber roof trusses at 600 mm cts using 190x45 MGP10 pine Stud walls with noggings forming the f irst floor area

Framing of the interesting shaped windows looking out towards the lake, supported by suspended prefabricated steel to bear the load of window glass

Framing of the roof consists of primary universal beams erected on site f irst, then supports the 90x45 timber f raming members

Steel bracing 30x0.8 mm with galvanized strap bracing to timber stud walls form the secondary structure of the f irst floor

310x40 Universal Beam (Primary Steel Structure)

Roof trusses are arranged in parallel, tied and braced to form a stable three-dimensional structure undernath the timber f raming that shapes

Framing for skylight, timber forming structural support for window systems 90x45 timber f raming columns bolted into steel primary roof members to support roof structure

530mm deep long reach floor trusses connected to top plate of floor joist, becomes the main structural support for intermediate floor

Pre-fabricated window steel f raming for terrace area

Temporary particle board to allow workers into upper floor

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Web joists are used where large spans are required and light loads are supported f rom the f irst floor

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100 mm thick concrete slab poured for f irst floor terrace structure system

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Bondek tray supporting precurated concrete slab Steel members supporting design of windows for ground floor living area

Cantilevered beams creating support for timber floor joists Primary steel structure creating columns bolted into ground floor concrete slab for support

SECTION AA 1:50 @A3

Masonry blockwork as retaining wall

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2000 mm

3000 mm

3. Internal (non-load bearing) partitions How do the internal partitions organise the life inside the building?

A. Dividing Areas According to Privacy Level Internal partition function includes def ining spaces according to privacy zones inside the house. This was done by limiting the space for private areas and opening spaces to allow gatherings in more open areas of the house. Different privacy levels of the house are created using the materiality of interiors inside the house (e.g. timber movable doors) to act as a treshold as people enter f rom one room to the other or window openings to indicate if this area is open for everyone. Internal walls also allow more soundproof ing between spaces through the divider and the addition of insulation within the walls for acoustics.

B. Dividing Areas According to Function More open spaces such as living and dining room have movable partitions using pivot doors, adjusted for space requirements at the moment. Therefore, the flexible spacing area can be used for more formal dinners or casual gatherings. Timber f ramed walls are also placed inside the bedroom areas to seperate walls between rooms, while timber f ramed windows allow view and ventilation inside and outside the house.

Non-load bearing brick wall Timber Wall Framing

Brick veneer walls are installed on corridors inisde the house, seperates from public/communal space into the more private areas 90x45 mm Stud walls that are installed for dividing the space between main bedroom and terrace, with shared rooms (e.g. living space) plan open but closed with private areas such as bedroom

Particle Floor Joint

Fixed

Plasterboard (Wall) Plasterboard (Floor and Ceiling)

Timber screenboards between the main bedroom area and ensuite allows privacy and transition to the connection of walkin-robe.

Interior Doors

Creating structural flooring, 19mm board providing space for people to move inside a room Wall lining covered with plasterboard 13mm thickness and painted to indicate private space Protects the ceiling, dividing the roof area from all the spaces in the house; communal areas and private areas.

Timber sliding door towards master bedroom

Movable Joinery/ Furniture

Master bedroom cupboardsLiving room bookshelves: horizontal timber structures of width 1640 mm

Sliding door allows owner to enter f rom bedroom to terrace Flooring is used as a membrane, allowing workers to walk on the constructed floor using thhe particleboard flooring and enables quicker and safer house construction.

Inner partitions between bedroom and terrace, with sliding doors and timber f rame Movable timber screen door entry to seperate space between main bedroom and hallway

More open area such as living space will not have any inner timber f raming partitions- to allow more people to enter this place.

Plasterboard is typically 2700x1200x13 mm sheets and are f ixed to timber f raming. Clay masonary is used as the outerskin of the living space and to def ine windows that lookout towards the Lake Wendouree

Ceiling with 19mm plasterboard to conceal rafters and seperate ceiling battens to f irst floor

Plasterboard within timber f raming, also braced with cross bracing or ply sheet bracing

Open area for living space- no internal partitions and to allow more activities allowed inside

SECTION AA 1:50 @A3

Sliding windows on the bedroom let owners to get direct access into the terrace and encourage occupants to look at the lake view through the space

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2000 mm

3000 mm

Waterproofing

4. Environmental Protections How did the architect approach the design of environmental protections? Do the elevations express or hide environmental protections?

A. Hiding environmental protection Almost all designs for the three main elements such as waterproof ing, flashing and insulation are hidden, with gutters for example are hidden away by extending the masonary brick wall higher and the other flashing features are hidden and painted if seen (e.g. downpipes) to not distract f rom the house aesthetic quality.

Roof Sarking

Dupont tyvek home wrap sarking directs water towards the box gutter and down the pipes, and sarking is hidden by paraprets

Concrete slab

Polythene membrane of 0.2 mm placed above the sand bed and before concrete pouring for a damp-proof membrane

Box gutter

Hidden by the parapet and timber rafters, a 0.7 m thick box of gutter was placed on top of main bedroom roof.

Windows

Sillicon sealant is used to stop raining coming through and sill flashing helps rainwater to fall and collected by downpipes.

Flashing

Insulation

Bulk insulation present within the timber f ramings and hidden with plasterboards

Windows for ventilation using double glazing glass. Double glazed windows can be used to contain energy within buildings and also reduce transmission of heat f rom outside, impacts f rom the direct rays f rom sunlight.

Gutter is concealed through roof timber f raming and discharged through downpipe that flows into the agricultral drain on existing ground level. Downpipe is exposed and painted in accordance to colour of zinc cladding.

Weakness of using double glazing windows will require a high maintainance complex air conditioning, also constant climate control to ensure systems are working eff iciently.

The architect has imposed a high upf ront cost for the client to maintain in the long run.

Bulk insulation in between intermediate floors, between joists and blocking to reduce heat loss through the floor system

Flashing installed underneath masonary brick wall and edge of the roof Bradford ceiling batts of R 4.1, thickness 210 mm installed underneath the roof of main bedroom area

Internal walls insulated by Bradford Soundscreen plus R 2.5, 88 mm thick (acoustic insulation ) to avoid noise from transferring between thin barriers of rooms

Box Gutter : set to a 1:100 slope in the direction of rainwater head and flows into drainage pipe located at the existing ground

Sarking was used as a waterproof ing material, as it is 1) serves as a secondary protection against moisture 2) doubles as a reflective foil surface to reflect radiant heat f rom sunlight.

Vertical bulk insulation on the secondary member and bracing of ground floor system (timber f raming)

SECTION AA 1:50 @A3

Skylights with double glazed windows on top of the terrace allows passive daylight to enter the house, plus giving shed and enclosure into the area.

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3000 mm

5. Mechanical and electrical systems Did the architect organise the internal space to place mechanical and electrical services eff iciently?

A. Water Supply Service pipes run through eff iciently as service rooms are located adjacent to each other. Bathroom and laundry are placed next to each other, minimising the need of water to travel around the pipes. Only one kitchen area and dining is present in the house, which further minimises the need of water and maximises the capacity of water to provide for needs such as cooking and preparing for food.

B. Electrical System Pipes are run through timber stud f rames as rough in electrical wires can travel through the walls and ceiling joists (through intermediate floor posi strut). Solar panels are also placed on the roof to provide electricity, but was proven to be not effective and could not be fully harvested as the roof shape had a unique design and was unable to stand in the most effective angle whilist compromising with the aesthetic of the roof design.

C. HVAC - Heating and Cooling System AC unit is a heat recovery air conditioning unit f rom Daikin. The hydronic heating panels are installed underneath the bathroom and other smaller ensuites for heating purposes (on the f irst floor) and on the ground slab, heating panels are placed.

Heating system is further activated because of common rooms like dining and kitchen space that provides double ceiling

Main water supplied through the pipes of hot water boiler on the Eastern part of the house through insulated pipes to avoid losing heat and mostly concentrated for the laundry and bathroom on the first floor.

Water Supply

Electricity

Switchboard to GPO and power points

HVAC

Thermostat AC Conditioning

Solar energy inverter

Twenty two total solar panels on the roof facing North for electricity, then electricity is further transfered through inverter

Heating

Hydronic heating (in floor and panels)

Cooling

AC reverse cycle split system

Thermostat hydronic heating installed on living toom

Ventilation/ Exhhaust fan on kitchen and bathrooms AC unit on dining room

SECTION AA 1:50 @A3

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2000 mm

3000 mm

6. Physical Enclosures Do the physical enclosures express aspects of the building (e.g. internal spaces, structure and materiality?)

A. Formation and Materiality Three different pavillions with different materials- the external physical enclosure is characterised by difference: brick on the ground floor for the enterance of the house, second, zinc cladding around the internal spaces of f irst wall external wall and third, ship lapped timber cladding for the dining area. This was done intentionally to express different atmospheres and give functions to different spaces inside the home use of variety attempts to bring in a sense of continuity f rom the external to internal space, just like how the zinc cladding can seamlessly blend into another expression of brick wall cladding.

The extensive use of timber battens to create high ceilings and interesting volumetric shapes created a ref ine and sophisticated look to the house.

Wall f inishes of white plasterboard on the f irst floor creates a lighter and comfortable atmosphere for living areas.

Shiplap timber cladding that references the external cladding continues inside into the internal wall and serves as a movable door into the living room.

Enclosure Systems

External cladding

Windows/ skylights

Internal finishes

Cladding: 0.7 mm zinc roof sheeting placed as cladding of the house, fixed into roof battens and sarking, enclosing the top part of the housing area.

Plasterboard: 13mm sheet installed and later on painted with low sheen acrylic for a smooth, even finish

Cladding: 1mm perforated aluminium sheeting on top of bedroom terrace

Internal cladding: for bedroom divider and living room main door using vertical ship lap claddings

Parapet Capping: wraps around the zinc roof sheeting and overlaps to create a waterproof seal, matches colour with zinc roof sheeting

Floor internal finishes: Main bedroom area Carpet with wool fibre blend material and a 3.66mm width, 8.8mm thickness.

Double glazed windows installed on living room area, ground floor. Air gaps between glass panels allows maximum sunlight solar heat gain in winter but least during summers

Designed double glazed windows placed on the living room and upper terrace area

Skylights: allows a larger amount of light entering the room installed for three main bedrooms in the house (incl. the main bedroom as shown below)

Living room area 600x300mm floor tiles grey coloured installed Blockwork: assembling outer brick veneer retaining wall, serves as the cladding for ground floor and brick can be continued inside as internal walls

Grampian blue dark brickwork are used to support the steel structure that f rames the window overlooking the Lake Wendouree

Dark zinc cladding that blends seamlessly to surround the side of the home is intended as an expression for private areas located on the upper floor, while brick walls are for communal spaces. Different materials are used to express the different uses of three different pavillions.

SECTION AA 1:50 @A3

ISOMETRIC SECTION AA: nts @A3 1000 mm

ABPL20033 - 2020 | Celina Supurnami Yaputra 813602|Tutorial number 04 | Jim Commadeur | p. 7

2000 mm

3000 mm