BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS VALUES VS. INTERESTS. IS THERE A DILEMA? Marija Maruna
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
CHANGE OF THE VALUE FRAMEWORK (process of decision-making)
TRANSITION CIRCUMSTANCES – NEW FRAMEWORK FOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
DEMOCRACY
MARKET ECONOMY
CHANGE OF THE POSITION OF THE INDIVIDUAL FROM PASSIVE EXECUTOR OF DECISIONS CREATED ON THE HIGHER LEVEL TO FREE AND RENSPONSIBLE INDIVIDUALS
CHANGE OF THE CONCEPT - FROM GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNANCE
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
LOTS OF STAKEHOLDERS different interests, different power
banks
landowner
architects
entrepreneur investor
urban planners comunal services
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
real estate agents
state agencies
construction companies
local government
space users local community
environment agencies
each of them has their own idea of spatial development
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
POWER – INTEREST MATRIX every situation contains its tipical relations
high
LOT OF POWER
VERY IMPORTANT
POWER
NOT IMPORTANT
INTERESTED IN THE PROJECT
low low
INTEREST
high
it influences the determination of the public interest
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE and different ideas (interests) between stakeholders about its spatial development wich they defend with different arguments
...it started when it appeared a BIG INVESTOR... ...and became interested in the attractive location next to the river... ... but it was occupied by inadequate function which has to be removed.. ...and they began to make pressure to urban plan changes... ...by the creation of beautiful images of the future of the space... ... which they presented on the real estate fair in Cannes.... ...and at the same time throug media created the trend of approving...
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE STAKEHOLDER ARGUMENTS – OFFICIALS FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENT
public attorney: ...By this process investor will get the righ to build on that location without auction. The city will lost a few hundred million euros. No one should dare to donate such a huge property.... the mayor: ....No one can by the land for the small amount of money, and to take from Belgrade citizens pocket 500 million euros...
INTEREST: Protection of the public interests POWER: Institutional power – adoption of official city decisions
ARGUMENTS ARE AGAINST INVESTORS INTEREST!
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE STAKEHOLDER ARGUMENTS – EXPERTS FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENT
city secretary for environment: ...Relocation of inappropriate activity has a positive impact on the environment.. city architect: ...It is not logical that such function exist in the city center. From the standpoint of the quality in the city, it is desirable process. Everybody will benefit from that: city and citizens who will get the infrastructure, and investors who will make profit. Relocation of inappropriate activity is an old idea... INTEREST: Preservation of the quality of the city POWER: Expertise in function of local government
ARGUMENTS ARE IN FAVOR OF INVESTORS INTEREST!
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE STAKEHOLDER ARGUMENTS – EXPERTS FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENT
city manager: ...This location must have a clearly defined ownership of the property. After that, space will be converted into an exclusive part of the city... director of the urban institute: ...It is not possible to build relying on the general urban plan. It must be made detailed regulation plans...
INTEREST: Strategic development of the city POWER: Expertise in function of local government
ARGUMENTS ARE NEUTRAL TOWARD INVESTORS INTEREST!
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE STAKEHOLDER ARGUMENTS – OFFICIALS FROM STATE GOVERNMENT
ministry of economy: ...The law does not allow me to say NO if someone wants to do it. If someone comes, I must say O.K... privatizacion agency: ....We have to wait to see if there are facts which require a comment....
INTEREST: Economic development of the country POWER: Institutional power – executive and legislation power
ARGUMENTS ARE IN FAVOR INVESTORS INTEREST!
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE STAKEHOLDER ARGUMENTS – INDEPENDENT EXPERT
real estate expert: ...In this case, when new construction involves the relocation of urban structure, no one asks the citizens of Serbia if they are willing to, for the sake of investors profit, bear the cost of infrastructure relocation... professor of the economy: ...Investor get the land in a way that no one else was available. By this, he multiplied his profit, because, someone from the authorities promised that he will be able, at this location, to build an exclusive complex.... INTEREST: Promotion of expertise POWER: Power of knowledge
ARGUMENTS ARE AGAINST INVESTORS INTEREST!
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE STAKEHOLDER ARGUMENTS – INVESTOR
investor representative: ...We have a large damage because of lies that are made about us. We don’t have agreement with local officials. We will build comercial and residental complex as it has been planed for a long time ago...
....We want to be a partner with Belgrade in developing the most important contruction project. We always accept contructive dialogue with the city and state representatives.... INTEREST: Profit maximization POWER: Power of money
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE
AGAINST
IN FAVOR
officials from local government
officials from state government
independent experts
experts from local government
NEUTRAL
experts from local government
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
POWER – INTEREST MATRIX
high INVESTOR OFFICIALS FROM STATE GOVERNMENT
POWER
OFFICIALS FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENT
EXPERTS FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENT INDIPENDENT EXPERTS
low low
INTEREST
+ + + high
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
A STORY ABOUT ONE BIG PROJECT IN BELGRADE
PORT OF BELGRADE
BIG PROJECTS IN THE POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION CONDITIONS
creation of a new approach to urban planning activity
PLANNING AS A MEDIATION IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
CREATION OF AGREEMENT ARENA
ESTABLISHING CONSENSUS ABOUT URBAN POLICIES
NEW ROLE OF EXPERTS
change FROM ARBITRARY TO MEDIATING and adoption of the principle of COLLABORATION in the urban planning processes