Reclaiming the F- Word Posters on International Feminism(s)
Thank you to our generous funders:
Part I: Ain’t I a Woman?
Women Are Not Chicks Women's Graphics Collective Offset, 1972 Chicago, Illinois 10129 Â The Chicago Women's Graphics Collective was organized in 1970 to create posters for the growing women's liberation movement. They initially used silkscreen to create large brilliantly colored prints in large quantities on a low budget. Later the group used offset printing for the more popular posters. Thousands of posters were sold all over the world. The founders of the Graphics Collective wanted their new feminist art to be a collective process in order to set it apart from the male-dominated Western art culture. Each poster was created by a committee of 2 to 4 women led by the artist/designer. The
And Ain't I a Woman? Ann Grifalconi Photocopy, 1971 Lebanon, New Hampshire 13616 Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) was born into slavery in New York as Isabella Baumfree (after Baumfree, her father's owner). She was sold several times, married and had five children. In 1827, New York law emancipated all slaves, but Isabella had already left her husband and run away with her youngest child. While working as a domestic she discovered that one of her children had been sold into slavery in Alabama. Since this son had been emancipated under New York Law, Isabella sued in court and won his return. Isabella experienced a religious conversion and moved to New York City. In 1843, she took the name Sojourner Truth, believing this to be on the instructions of the Holy Spirit and became a traveling preacher (the meaning of her new name). In the late 1840s she connected with the abolitionist movement, becoming a popular speaker.
Feminism Isn't a Dirty Word Diane Blackwell Offset, 2007 Washington, D.C. 27899 Â
Why Should an Indian Woman Have to Bleach Her Hair to Be Accepted? Akwesasne Notes Glad Day Press Offset, 1973‑1979 Rooseveltown, New York 26982 Buffy Sainte-Marie (born 1941) is an Academy Award-winning Canadian First Nations musician, composer, visual artist, educator and social activist. Many of her protest songs and love songs, written as a college student in the early 1960s, became huge hits and classics of the era, performed by hundreds of other artists including Barbra Streisand, Elvis Presley, Chet Atkins, Janis Joplin, Roberta Flack, Neil Diamond, Tracy Chapman and The Boston Pops Orchestra. Her "Universal Soldier" became the anthem of the peace movement. For her very first album she was voted Billboard's
By age 24, she had appeared all over Europe, Canada, Australia and Asia. She met both huge acclaim and huge misperception from audiences and record companies who expected Pocahontas in fringes, and instead were both entertained and educated with their initial dose of Native American reality in the first person. She disappeared suddenly from the mainstream American airwaves during the Lyndon Johnson years, as part of a blacklist which affected Eartha Kitt, Taj Mahal, and a host of other outspoken performers. Her name was included on White House stationery as among those whose music "deserved to be suppressed".
The Birth of Feminism Guerrilla Girls Silkscreen, 2001 Los Angeles, California 17610
 The Guerrilla Girls are an anonymous group of women artists, writers, performers, and filmmakers who fight discrimination. Dubbing themselves the conscience of culture, they declare themselves counterparts to the mostly male tradition of anonymous do-gooders like Robin Hood, Batman, and the Lone Ranger. They wear gorilla masks to focus on the issues rather than their personalities. They use humor to convey information, provoke discussion, and show that feminists can be funny. Â
The Birth of Feminism mocks the movie industry, which avoids substantive portrayals of women in favor of sexualizing their bodies. The "film" pays homage to feminist vanguards—Gloria Steinem, Flo Kennedy, and Bella Abzug—but has them played by sexy bathing suit clad actresses wearing the feminists' trademark oversize hats (Abzug and Kennedy) and oversize glasses (Steinem). Gloria Steinem was one of the founding editors of Ms. Magazine. Flo Kennedy (who frequently wore cowboy hats with pink sunglasses) was one of the first black women to graduate from Columbia Law School. As a lawyer, she represented Black Panther members. As an activist, she led a mass urination at Harvard to protest the shortage of women's restrooms. After graduating from Columbia Law School, Bella Abzug took cases supporting civil rights and civil liberties as well as other social causes. She opposed U.S. and Soviet nuclear testing and opposed the war in Viet Nam. In 1970, Abzug was elected to the House of Representatives and was one of only a handful of women in Congress.
The Women's Liberation Movement Pro‑Arts Silkscreen, 1970 Kent, Ohio 14375
Woman's Lib Artist Unknown Offset, 1971 Conshohoken, Pennsylvania 17022 Â
Feminism: Erase the Stereotype Pierrette Montone Digital Print, 2007 Washington, D.C. 27890
We are in for a Very, Very Long Haul... Maia Sortor Photo: Beryl Goldberg Offset, 1977 California 03291 Â Jill Ruckelshaus (Washington State), former Presiding Officer of the National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year, gave this talk to the first National Women's Conference in Houston, Texas, November 18-21, 1977. More than 650 women and girls from 8 to 90 years old, and from all races, religions and backgrounds from 21 different states, attended the conference.
There Is a Woman in Every Color Elizabeth Catlett Offset, 1994 Santa Monica, California 28002
Part II: Women’s Work is Never Done
Labor Maryann Picinic Graphic Work Workforce Development Institute (WDI) Bread and Roses Cultural Project of 1199 SEIU NYS AFL‑CIO Justseeds Radical Culture Offset, ca. 2006 New York, New York 27997 .
Attention ‑‑ Femmes au Travail Conféderation des Syndicats Nationaux Offset, 1994 Canada 4962 Attention—Women Working
SLAVES AND ANGELS: Women and the Industrial Revolution Poster-film Collective Silkscreen, 1970s/1980s London, United Kingdom 27805
Nuestro Labor Mantiene La EconomĂa Del Mundo Favianna Rodriguez Offset, 2008 Oakland, California 28012 Â Our Labor Drives The World Economy
Capitalism Also Depends on Domestic Labour See Red Women's Workshop Silkscreen, ca. 1983 London, United Kingdom 3747
Fuck Housework Virtue Hathaway Offset, 1971 San Francisco, California 27998CC
If Women Were Paid the Same Wages Nancy Hom Women's Economic Agenda Project Mission Grรกfica Silkscreen, 1987 San Francisco, California 3727CCC
$3 Million $6 Million Women's Action Coalition Offset, 1993 Los Angeles, California 14283
Do Women Have to Die When Their Husbands Die? Linda Kiveu Digital Print, 2008 Los Angeles, California 28011  Widowed women lose more than their husbands, they also lose their property because it is taken by the deceased husband’s family. This can include all the furniture in the house, money left in bank accounts, land, etc. Some women return from the funeral to find their homes emptied. In addition, since the late husband had paid a bride price to the parents for the right to marry their daughter, his family would insist that she cannot inherit his property. Widows are only able to inherit if they have grown male children. Widows and their female children have no rights to inherit property when the husband/dad dies.
My Friend Has a Salvadoran Maid Sheila Pinkel Offset, 1991 Los Angeles, California 3781
Women's Work is Never Done Yolanda López Berkeley Art Center Alliance Graphics Silkscreen, 1995 Berkeley, California 6038 Dolores C. Huerta (born 1930) co-founder and First Vice President Emeritus of the United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO (UFW) is shown in the upper left corner. She is a social activist, labor leader, and mother of 11 children. Huerta and Cesar Chavez organized and founded the Farm Workers Association, precursor of the UFW, in 1962 in Delano, California. As second in command, Huerta fought both gender and ethnic stereotyping. She directed the table grape boycott in New York City, and coordinated the East Coast boycott in 1968 and 1969. In the late 1970's Huerta took the directorship of the UFW’s Citizenship Participation Day Department, the political arm of the union. Huerta has fought tirelessly, participating in innumerable marches, rallies, and protests. In 1988 she was severely injured by police at a peaceful demonstration in San Francisco against the policies of then presidential candidate George Bush (senior). Dolores Huerta has made giant strides in breaking the traditional mold for women, and for Chicanas in particular. She continues to be a prominent figure in the Mexican-American
Kazi Za Mwanamke Zisizo Na Ujira Artist Unknown Offset, circa 1980s Arusha, Tanzania 3746 Â Women's work without wages By the time night arrives I'm exhausted Still, I am told that I am not working. Is none of this work unless it's at the office?
N ap Batay Pou San Nou Pa Koule Gratis Valcin Solidarité Fanm Ayisyen Offset, 1989 Haiti 12962 We are struggling so that our blood does not flow in vain Haitian Women’s Solidarity
Single Mothers Do It Alone Julie Shiels Screenscreen, c.1990 Melbourne, Australia 23141
Si Se Puede! J. Howard Miller Syracuse Cultural Workers Offset, 2001 Syracuse, New York 17427 Contemporary Spanish version of popular U.S. Governmentissued “Rosie the Riveter” poster from World War II. “Rosie the Riveter” was part of a national campaign to encourage women to get out of the house and into the factories while the men were fighting oversees. To this end, Good Housekeeping and other popular women’s magazines printed quick and easy 30 minute recipes for dinner. After the war, women were pressured to leave the factory jobs, making them available for the men returning from war. To encourage their return to housework, women’s
Part III: Challenging Gender Roles
A Woman Without A Man Artist Unknown Offset, circa 1970s. 9562 Â This quote is attributed to feminist Gloria Steinem, but may have originated as anonymous graffiti.
Which one's the Man? Dyke Action Machine Offset, 1990s New York, New York 16517 Founded by Carrie Moyer and Sue Schaffner in 1991, Dyke Action Machine! (DAM!) is a public art collaboration that critiques mainstream culture by inserting lesbian images into a recognizably commercial context. They have produced and wheat-pasted thousands of posters on the streets of New York City, right next to mainstream outdoor advertising, becoming a seamless part of the visual environment. DAM!'s public art projects, while "passing" as advertising, reach a more diverse audience than exhibitions at galleries or museums.
She Who Waits For Her Knight Artist Unknown Offset, n.d. 27385
Werbraucht Charlie Brown? Artist Unknown Offset, n.d. Germany 27939
Alle Frauen sind mutig! Independent Woman Federation Offset, n.d. Germany 27930
Lesbians Are Coming Out In Full Force! See Red Women's Workshop Silkscreen, ca. 1980 London, England 7808
Closets Are For Clothes ‑ Color Yourself Out! Women's Graphics Collective Silkscreen, 1979 Chicago, Illinois 4568
Support A Woman's Right to Choose Her Spouse Kelly Fitzpatrick Offset, 2007 Washington, D.C. 27902
Gay Marriage Dyke Action Machine HX For Her Offset, 1997 New York, New York 10040  A Woman's Right to Choose‌Her Spouse: Same Sex Marriage Until 2001, when the Netherlands expanded its definition of marriage, same-sex couples could not marry anywhere in the world. Belgium, Canada, Spain, and South Africa later followed suit. In the U.S., while a number of states have passed legislation allowing some benefits for gay and lesbian "civil unions" or "domestic partnerships," only in Massachusetts and California (as of the May 2008 Supreme
The California court ruled that a separate system of domestic partnerships violates the state constitution in that it relegates same-sex couples to "secondclass" status. The actions by state legislatures and courts don't address more than 1,000 federal protections and rights (including the ability to file joint tax returns, share Social Security, Medicare, military and other benefits, etc.). Both Senators Clinton and Obama have pledged to support a national civil union policy which would grant those rights. Conservatives, on the other hand, want to see a national amendment to the Constitution that would ban same-sex marriage. The religious right has seized upon the issue—as they have with reproductive rights and affirmative action—to rally ultra-conservative supporters, stirring up feelings of fear and intolerance. Bowing to that pressure, many states have already adopted "Defense of Marriage Acts" prohibiting same-sex marriage. Some LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bi, and Transgender) activists have been critical of the campaign for same-sex marriage because of the slew of new anti-gay laws that it has kindled. For others it brings up the old debates about assimilation, as evidenced by this exhibition's Dyke Action Machine! poster, worded Gay marriage—you might as well be straight. Some argue that marriage is inherently oppressive—anti-queer and anti-female—and so gays and lesbians should not support such a discriminatory institution by adopting it.
No One Can Punish Us for Liking Sex! Jeanette May Coalition for Positive Sexuality Offset, 1996 Chicago, Illinois 11106
Every Girl Every Boy Syracuse Cultural Workers Offset, 2004 Syracuse, New York 28000
Get me out of here! Evelyn Krampf Free Zone Silkscreen, 2002 San Francisco, California 27269 This poster was part of a series of seven posters created by youth for youth through Free Zone 2002, a collaboration of GSA Network, LYRIC, and Mission Grafica. Entitled, Liberation Ink, the series was designed to build a presence of youth voices for justice, peace, and youth empowerment and against hatred, harassment, and discrimination of all kinds. Transgender is the state of one’s “gender identity” (self-identification as male, female, both or neither) not matching one’s “assigned gender” (identification by others as male or female based on physical/genetic
Because of the unyielding dominance of our society’s rigidly constructed two-gender model, transgendered individuals often face great discrimination. Many are rejected by their own families and friends. Most face social isolation, and are discriminated against in employment, health care, social services and housing.
Change Starts with YOU Lauren Bruton Free Zone Silkscreen, 2002 San Francisco, California 27263 Â Also part of the series, Liberation Ink.
Our Bodies Our Lives
Murdered By "Pro‑Lifers" Refuse & Resist! Offset, ca. 1989 New York, New York 3757
Guerrilla Girls Demand a Return to Traditional Values on Abortion Guerrilla Girls Offset, 1992 New York, New York 10181
Stop Forced Sterilization People's Press Silkscreen, 1970s San Francisco, California 9708  This poster critiques the ideology of population control— the idea that zero population growth is the solution to problems of dwindling resources, world hunger, pollution, etc. Population control directs attention away from the disproportionate use of resources in capitalist economies. This poster insists on reproductive rights as liberation from class, race, and sexual oppression, and identifies U.S. support for population control in third world populations as an expression of this oppression.
Women Need Not Always Keep Their Mouths Shut and Their Wombs Open! Red Pepper Posters Offset, 1976 San Francisco, California 9945  Emma Goldman (1869‑1940) was born in Russia, and emigrated to Rochester, New York in 1886, where she worked in clothing factories. She was active in the anarchist movement and her speeches attracted attention throughout the United States. In 1893, Goldman was imprisoned for inciting to riot. In 1916 she was imprisoned for publicly advocating birth control, and in 1917 for obstructing the draft. In 1919 she was deported to the Soviet Union, but left in 1921 because of disagreements with the Bolshevik government. She was permitted to reenter the United States for a
L'amor és cec, però tu cal que hi vegis clar. Artist Unknown Offset, ca. 1983 Catalonia, Spain 4051 Love is blind, but you must see clearly. Don't give up your freedom as a woman.
Nobody Wants to Have an Abortion Catholics for a Free Choice Offset, 1992 Washington, D.C. 3730
Pro Choice Medusa Photocopy of Offset, 1989 United States 11262
Back to the Back Alley? Artist Unknown Stencil, ca. 1983 New York, New York 3895
Your Body Is a Battleground Barbara Kruger Offset, 1989 New York, New York 5297
My Mom Had an Illegal Abortion Artist Unknown Digital print of offset, 1986 Los Angeles, California 3763
No a la Mortalidad Materna Cline Photocopy of Offset, ca. 1990 Nicaragua 3863  No to maternal death. In the Bertha Calderon Hospital alone, 15 women arrive every day with serious complications from illegal abortions. To chose maternity freely, we demand: sex education, information about and access to contraceptives, pre- and post natal care.  Nicaragua is over 80% Catholic. During the Sandinista government (1979‑1990), abortion remained illegal, despite advances in women's rights in other areas. A dramatic erosion of women's rights, healthcare and education took place when the Sandinistas were replaced by a conservative government in 1990. A new women's organization formed the
*Would Be Eric Collins Digital Print, 2008 Newark, Delaware 27996 Bottom Text: For Decades strict Chinese laws governing population have lead the poor to abort female children in favor of more desirable males. As a byproduct, male to female sex ratios in Chinese children have become perversely skewed. By 2020, male Chinese could outnumber female by 30 million, a cultural disaster for a generation of men unable to marry the 30 million murdered women they never knew. Â
Infanticide is the act of intentionally taking the life of an infant. In many war and ‘low economic’ countries it is a form of population control. The Chinese government introduced the ‘onechild policy’ in 1979, resulting in many women resorting to forced abortions and in some cases infanticide. Due to the practice of sex selection where male sexes are preferred, also known as ‘son preference’ or ‘female de-selection,’ sex selective abortions are being practiced and abandonment of female babies is also high. With the disproportionate numbers among the sexes, much of the male population of China is left wifeless. Kidnapping and forced ‘marriages’ are high and a direct outcome of the lower female population caused by female infanticide.
Genital Mutilation Red Pepper Posters Offset, 1980 San Francisco, California 3709 Â Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes procedures that intentionally alter or injure female genital organs for non-medical reasons. An estimated 100 to 140 million girls and women worldwide are currently living with the consequences of FGM. In Africa, about 92 million girls age 10 years and above are estimated to have undergone FGM and about three million girls are at risk for FGM annually. Procedures are mostly carried out on young girls sometime between infancy and age 15, and occasionally on adult women. In Africa, about three million girls are at risk for FGM annually. The practice is most common in the western, eastern, and north-eastern
•Take Back the Night--& the Day
Women Take Back the Night Lynne Okun Silkscreen, 1993 Sacramento, California 11253 Â Take Back the Night (also known as Reclaim the Night) is an internationally held march and rally intended as a protest and direct action against rape and other forms of violence against women. The first Reclaim the Night march was held in Belgium by the women attending the 1976 International Tribunal on Crimes against Women. The first known Take Back the Night march in the United States was organized in 1978, by Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media. In response to a call for action by Andrea Dworkin, three thousand participants marched through the red-light district of
Ask Any Woman About Sexual Harassment Robbin Henderson Offset, 1991 San Francisco, California 3688 Â The men pictured in this poster did not support women's rights and many considered them to be sexist. (L-R) Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary of Defense, 1981-1987; George Pratt Schultz, U.S. Secretary of State, 1982-1989; Edwin Meese, Attorney General of the United States, 1985-1988; Ronald Reagan, President 1981-1989; Norman Mailer, writer
Do Women Have to be Naked to Get into Met. Museum? Guerrilla Girls Offset, 2004 New York, New York 26980 The statistics listed on the original 1989 version this poster: “Less than 5% of the artists in the Modern Art Sections are women, but 85% of the nudes are female.” Fifteen years later, there are less women artists in the Met…but more representations of nude men.
Estos Anuncios son DaĂąinos para la Mujer Coordinadora Nacional de la Mujer SalvadoreĂąa Offset, ca. 1991 El Salvador 3915 These ads are harmful for women. "Prepare your vehicle (machine) well for these vacations. Only for gentlemen with desires for something different and exclusive and free beer everyday. A good way to get attention." Produced by the National Coordinator
Eveready Battery Advertisement Warren Olufemi Karib Digital Print, Late 1970s Burkina Faso, West Africa 25706 Â A real advertisement showing both objectification of women and woman as commodity.
Rompamos el Silencio Marisa GodĂnez Coordinador de Organizaciones Feministas Photocopy of Offset, ca. late 1980s‑early 1990s Peru 4010
El Dijo Que Nunca Volvería a Golpearte...Pero Eso es lo Que Dijo la Ultima Vez. Coordinadora Nacional de la Mujer Salvadoreña Offset, ca. 1991 El Salvador 3916 He said he was never going to hit her again… but that was what he said the last time. Stop the cycle of violence. Produced by the National Coordination of Salvadoran Women
When Love Is a Contact Sport Women Lose Liz Harvey Women's Action Coalition (WAC) Offset, 1995 Los Angeles, California 2985 Â WAC produced a series of posters on domestic violence while O.J. Simpson was on trial for the 1994 murders of his wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. During the trial, a tape was played of a 911 call Nicole placed asking police for help after Simpson allegedly broke down a back door to her house. Simpson was a star football player, actor, spokesman and broadcaster. Nicole is shown in the poster with eye black under her eyes, reminiscent of both black eyes from domestic violence, and the eye black worn by her football player husband.
Rural Women Unite Against Violence Network of Rural Women's Groups Silkscreen, no date Sri Lanka 27855
Eddie's Got a Fast Car Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women Offset, ca. 1994 Los Angeles, California 3099
It Makes Me Feel Sad When My Mom Gets Hurt Southern California Coalition on Battered Women Offset, early 1980s Los Angeles, California 3106
Aboriginal Women are Watching You! Sally Morgan Offset, 1988 Australia 21947
This is not an invitation to rape me. Charles Hall Tony Ward Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women Offset, ca. 1995 Los Angeles, California 9865
This is not an invitation to rape me. Charles Hall Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women Offset, ca. 1995 Los Angeles, California 9879 Two of a series of 15 black‑and‑white prints by New York ad photographer Charles Hall featuring sexually charged images superimposed with the identical text, This is Not an Invitation to Rape Me. The images appeared both as posters, billboards, and traveling exhibitions. Hall believed rape was something that happened to other people until a friend of his was attacked by someone she met at a party in his Los Angeles home. Stunned by the reality of sexual violence, Hall founded the This is not an invitation to rape me campaign, and channeled his energy towards a public
He designed the series of posters, using a slick advertising style, and offered his posters (including printing) pro bono to numerous women's rights organizations. Only the LA Commission on Assaults Against Women (now named Peace Over Violence), a non‑profit organization offering rape prevention and intervention services, agreed to accept his posters and used them to bring his campaign to the public.  The importance of this campaign is underscored by a 2005 survey carried out by Amnesty International, which found that a third of the 1000 people polled believed a woman was partially or completely responsible for being raped if she behaved flirtatiously. The same poll found that over 25 per cent believed she is at least partly to blame if she wore revealing clothing or was drunk
Las Mujeres de Juárez Exigen Justicia Lourdes Almeida Digital Print, 2003 Mexico 21637 We shall play in the desert while there are no wolves, because if they appear they will kill us all…The Women of Juarez demand justice
crimen: 298* castigo: 0 Eduardo Barreda Digital Print, 2003 Mexico 21636 City of Juarez Crime: 298* Punishment: 0 *official figure The dead women of Juarez demand justice Mujeres de Cuidad Juarez Femicide in Cuidad Juarez, Mexico Over the past fifteen years, beginning with the adoption of NAFTA in 1994, more than 500 women have been abducted and murdered in Cuidad Juarez and Chihuahua Mexico, bordering El Paso, Texas. Their bodies have been sexually assaulted, mutilated, stabbed, strangled, and beaten to death. Yet to this day, there are neither answers nor a decrease in these horrific acts of violence.
Under NAFTA, numerous maquiladors or assembly plants sprouted up along this border town. Many women left their small traditional communities to work at slave wages and in unsafe working conditions. Many plants and factories hold working hours at later hours in the day to cut on energy costs, adding to the high-risk variables for the women workers. Â In the face of almost unbelievable official apathy and police incompetence, a group of graphic designers from Mexico City invited colleagues to express their concern and outrage by designing posters around the slogan The Woman of JuĂĄrez Demand Justice. The two posters shown here are from the 60 designs that were produced and exhibited in Mexico City in 2003, bringing the issue for the first time to broad public attention in Mexico.
Stop Strip Searches in Armagh Sinn Fein Women's Department Offset, circa 1985 Dublin, Ireland 4045 Built in 1790, Armagh Jail became a top-security prison for Nationalist women in the 1970s. Strip-Searching was introduced into Armagh Prison in 1982. All women prisoners from the age of 15 years, women menstruating, pregnant women, women returning to prison after hospital visits, and grandmothers were subjected to strip-searching. At first the women refused to comply and were forcibly restrained while their clothing was torn off. The women quickly learned that any resistance meant that they would be forcibly stripped, assaulted, and that they could end up in solitary confinement, losing remission and privileges. The “Stop the Strip-Searches Campaign” began in June 1984. It called for an end to the strip-searching of women prisoners and condemned strip-searching as a devastating psychological weapon used against women having no security purpose. By 1992, over 4,000 strip-searches had been carried out on women in prisons in Northern Ireland and England and nothing had ever been found to
Rape Wasn't Part of Her Sentence Amnesty International USA IMA U.S.A., Inc. Nonstøck, Inc./David Mayenfisch Offset, 1999 United States 24439
Have Women Become That Much More Dangerous? Scott Boylston Two Brothers Custom Silkscreen Bony Toruño Center for the Study of Political Graphics Silkscreen, 2006 Los Angeles, California 25024 Scott Boylston originally made this poster in 2003, but was asked to update it for the Action Committee for Women in Prison. In 2003 there were 100,000 women in prison. Two years later there were 140,000. Here is his response to the new information he found: .... My job of updating the information graphics of the poster was sobering, and it goes right to the heart of why graphics can be so compelling... Just redesigning it made the increase in female inmates from 2003 to 2005 disturbingly concrete. I hate to think what a poster
Prostitution Trafficking Mona Mark Coalition Against Trafficking in Women United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization Offset, 1995 27682 Human trafficking and transportation of women against their will for sexual exploitation occurs everyday around the world. In many poor countries human traffickers lure young girls into sex trade by offering them money or jobs abroad. Other times traffickers may be members of the girl's family. It's not just men who are exploiters. Women traffickers recruit uneducated girls by posing as successful business people the girls would want to emulate. Sometimes the girls are sold outright by desperately poor
According to the international organization for Migration (IOM) as many as 800,000 people may be trafficked across international borders, with hundreds of thousands trafficked within the borders of their own countries. 71% of victims who are bought and sold or forced across different borders and countries are trafficked for sexual exploitation
•Women & War
This Woman is Vietnamese‌ Liliana Porter John Schneider Collective Graphics Workshop Digital Print, 1970 original United States 28009
Imperialist War and Male Chauvinism Women's Graphics Collective Silkscreen, ca. 1971 Chicago, Illinois 10694
Machismo Es Fascismo Juan Carlos Silkscreen, 1970 New York, New York 27801  Machismo is Fascism  Poster from the New York Young Lords Party. The Young Lords began as a Chicago turf gang in the 1960s. When they realized that urban renewal was evicting their families and saw increasing police abuse and incarceration of their members, they re-organizized in an attempt to build a Puerto Rican equivalent of the Black Panther Party. In 1969, the New York regional chapter was founded, and became known as the Young Lords Party when it became independent from the national headquarters in Chicago. The Young Lords movement focused most of their
They also used direct action, political education, and "survival programs" to bring their concerns to mainstream public attention. The Young Lords set up many community projects similar to those of the Black Panthers but with a Puerto Rican emphasis, including a free breakfast program for children, free health clinic, community testing for tuberculosis, lead poisoning testing, free clothing drives, cultural events and Puerto Rican history classes. There was also work on prison solidarity for incarcerated Puerto Ricans and for the rights of Vietnam War veterans. The female leadership in New York pushed the Young Lords to fight for women's rights.
Cambodge Vietnam Laos Victoire Artist Unknown Silkscreen, early 1970s United States 4025
Happy Mother's Day? Artist Unknown Offset, ca 1970 United States 4889
Mountain Moving Day Women's Graphics Collective Liberation Graphics Silkscreen, ca. late 1970s Chicago, Illinois 4134
Mujeres Luchadoras de la Libertad Julie Shiels Ximena Urizar The Multicultural Women's Poster Project Silkscreen, 1988 Melbourne, Australia 23129
Melida Anaya Montes Artist Unknown Offset, ca. 1983 El Salvador 3911 Ana María (1929 – 1983) was the " nom de guerre" of Mélida Anaya Montes, the second in command of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front or FMLN, a revolutionary guerrilla organization in El Salvador. In 1980, the FMLN was formed as an umbrella group of four left wing guerilla organizations and the Salvadoran Communist Party to fight the Salvadoran government. An intellectual, Mélida Anaya Montes was an icon among revolutionary women in the region. After having made many sacrifices during her life as a guerrilla, she was killed by her own comrade, FMLN leader Cayetano Carpios on April 6, 1983 in Managua, Nicaragua. Supporters claimed that her growing
Nicaragua Must Survive Asociacion de Mujeres Nicaraguenses Luisa Amanda Espinoza Offset, ca. 1985 Nicaragua 3858 Soon after the 1979 overthrow of the U.S. backed Somoza dictatorship in Nicaragua by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), the Reagan administration formed a mercenary army called the Contras (Counter-Revolutionaries), to destroy the schools, health clinics and agricultural cooperatives supported by the FSLN. This poster of a Sandinista militia member nursing her child was widely reproduced internationally. It was prominent in the “Let Nicaragua Live” campaign to send construction materials, school supplies, seeds
The Sandinista Revolution was marked by an unprecedented level of women's participation. By 1987, it was reported that 67% of active members in the popular militia and 80% of guards—an estimated 50,000 nationwide—were women.
Miss Guatemala Artist Unknown Offset, 1980s Europe 6629 Â Rogelia Cruz Martinez (19401968) was a university student, political activist, and Miss Guatemala in 1958. She was kidnapped, tortured, raped and murdered by a paramilitary death squad for allegedly belonging to the URNG, a revolutionary organization.
Sexo debil? Asamblea de Artistas Revolucionarios de Oaxaca (ASAR) Stencil, 2006 Oaxaca, Mexico 26718 Â The weaker sex? In May 2006, 70,000 teachers went on strike in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca, demanding better pay, as well as measures to help poorer pupils, including breakfasts for schoolchildren, scholarships, uniforms, shoes, medical services and textbooks. The teachers also demanded the resignation of Governor Ulises Ruiz Ortiz, who became governor of Oaxaca in 2004, amid charges of electoral fraud; corruption and political repression have continued throughout his tenure. When tens of thousands of protesters took over the city central,
A month later, the Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (APPO) formed as an umbrella group for 365 grassroots organizations including unions, indigenous, peasant, and women’s groups. Women have been central to APPO’s organizing and actions. In August 2006, more than 3,000 women marched through town, banging on pots and pans and chanting their demands to oust Ruiz. The women then took over the state television station. ASAR-O (Asamblea de Artistas Revolucionarios ) (Oaxacan Assembly of Revolutionary Artists), formed in October 2006, in response to a call by APPO for every discipline to organize themselves. Since the conflict began, APPO and ASAR-O have created stencils, woodcuts, linocuts and spray painted graffiti calling for the resignation of the Governor Ruiz, for indigenous rights, women’s rights, against police abuse, etc. This ASAR-O poster evokes classic photos of armed women soldiers from the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) with cartridge belts crossed over their chests. Their long braids identify them as indigenous women. By juxtaposing this image of women with guns with the ironic title, “the weaker
Women in Black Lynne Okun Silkscreen, 1989 Beverly Hills, California 3173 Women in Black began in 1988, with a few women at a busy Jerusalem intersection standing in opposition to the violence of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. Held at lunch hour every Friday, it soon grew to almost 40 weekly vigils of Israeli Jewish and Palestinian women. Dressed all in black, they held up hand‑shaped signs saying, "STOP THE OCCUPATION!". The women, young and old, some with their children, received a lot of verbal abuse from passers-by on foot and in vehicles, both in sexualized terms (‘whores’) and for their politics (‘traitors’). Their policy was not to shout back but to maintain silence and dignity. Women in Black are now
You Shall Bear Cannon Fodder Artist Unknown Offset, 1982 Israel 11248 You will give birth to cannon fodder. This is what nature commands you, and it is also the law. Bertolt Brecht The quote comes from the Bertolt Brecht-Hanns Eisler song "Abortion is Illegal” (Ballad of Paragraph 218), written in the 1930s, and which may be the world's first pro-choice song. In order to discourage abortion, the doctor sings to an expectant mother, "You're going to make a lovely little mother/You're going to make a hunk of cannon fodder/That's what your belly's for." Brecht directly refers to women's role as baby-making machines during the Third Reich.
General Union of Palestinian Women Marc Rudin (Switzerland) World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women Offset, 1980 Copenhagen, Denmark Reprinted 1986 by Liberation Graphics, Virginia 18951  The face of the woman in this poster is presented in a cubist perspective, both frontally and in profile, as a way of expressing the multiple challenges facing contemporary Palestinian women. In addition, the woman wears a kaffiyeh (Arabic headdress) traditionally considered a man’s garment; this suggests that Palestinian women see their movement not merely in terms of a political struggle for national selfdetermination but also as an inwardlooking movement to challenge long-
Afghan Women Can't be Enslaved Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan Offset, circa 2001 Pasadena, California 17142 Â
In Afghanistan Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan Offset, circa 2001 Pasadena, California 17144 Â The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) was founded in Kabul in 1977 to promote women's rights and secular democracy through nonviolent strategies. Founder Meena Keshwar Kamal, was a student activist who was assassinated in 1987 for her political activities. The organization strives to involve Afghani women in both political and social activities to acquire human rights for women and continue the struggle against the government of Afghanistan based on democratic and secular, not fundamentalist principles, in which women can participate fully. Â
RAWA was highly critical of the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, emphasizing casualties among the civilian population. As RAWA advocates multilateral disarmament and opposes all forms of religious fundamentalism, it is regarded as a controversial group in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Much of RAWA's efforts in the 1990s involved holding seminars and press conferences and other fund-raising activities in Pakistan. RAWA also created secret schools, orphanages, nursing courses, and handicraft centers for women and girls in Pakistan and Afghanistan. RAWA activities were forbidden by both Taliban and the Northern Alliance.
Condinatrix Karen Fiorito Silkscreen, 2005 Los Angeles, California 27999 Â A dominatrix standing astride the Middle East, Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice contradicts the assumption that women are peacemakers.
Day of Solidarity with the people of Guinea‑Bissau and Cape Verde / august 3 Berta Abelenda Organización de Solidaridad de los Pueblos de Africa, Asia y América Latina (OSPAAAL) Offset, 1968 Havana, Cuba 5489
7 de Abril 1983 Dia da Mulher Moçambicana Artist Unknown Offset, 1983 Mozambique 5425 7 of April 1983. Day of the Mozambican Woman. Mozambican Women will produce We will participate in the defense of our homeland. Long Live the 4o Congress WOMEN IN MOZAMBIQUE "The liberation of women is a fundamental necessity for the Revolution, the guarantee of its continuity and the precondition for its victory...How can the Revolution triumph without the liberation of women? Will it be possible to get rid of the system of exploitation while
“...If more than half the exploited and oppressed people consist of women, how can they be left on the fringe of the struggle? To make a revolution it is necessary to mobilize all the exploited and oppressed, and consequently women as well." - (late President) Samora Machel, 1975 During the war for liberation (1964‑1975) from 400 years of Portuguese colonialism, Mozambican women served as armed combatants and as political organizers. After independence in June 1975, the Organization of Mozambican Women (Organizacao das Mulheres Mocambicanas ‑ OMM) mobilized to promote women's rights at home, in the work place and within the government. Many women began training for previously all‑male jobs: auto mechanics, tractor drivers, machine operators. Child marriages and bride prices were outlawed. Child care centers were established by the workers in most factories so mothers could take time off for breast feeding during the day. Literacy classes were formed in factories, on the farms, and even in the marketplace. At noon and after work, thousands learned to read and write, in a concentrated effort to eradicate the 95% illiteracy rate inherited at independence. From 1981-1992, the South Africa surrogate "contra war" waged against Mozambique resulted in economic losses of over six billion dollars, human losses of over 200,000, and displacement of millions. Refugee camps in neighboring Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi were composed primarily of
Remember Kassinga 4 May 78 South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) Offset, ca. 1979‑80 Luanda, Angola 5416
Sexual Violence United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Committee on CONSCIENCE Michael Wadleigh Offset, ca 2006 Washington, D.C. 26898 Rape as a Weapon of War in Darfur Rape is a crime against humanity. In Darfur, in the Western Sudan, rape has been a systematic weapon of ethnic cleansing. Since 2003, tens of thousands of women and girls have been subjected to sexual violence as a deliberate means of humiliation and degradation. Sudanese security forces and government-backed Janjaweed militiamen, including police deployed to protect Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), have been implicated. Sudanese laws also discriminate against female victims, who face harassment and intimidation at local police stations if they try to report the crime. Women IDPs and refugees also report being forced to exchange sexual favors for desperately needed goods and services. Mass rapes in Darfur effectively terrorize the people, break their will, and destroy the fabric of society. In addition to causing horrific mental and physical trauma, rape has serious social and economic consequences in Darfurian society, often making the victim ineligible for marriage and causing her to be ostracized by the community and even her own family. Forty percent of women interviewed by Physicians for Human Rights’ in three
Lead Us Out of Iraq CODEPINK Offset, 2007 Los Angeles, California 28008 CODEPINK is a women-initiated grassroots peace and social justice movement formed in 2002 during the lead-up to the invasion of Iraq. Their goals are to end the war in Iraq, stop new wars, and redirect resources into healthcare, education and other lifeaffirming activities. Wearing their signature pink color, they have conducted marches, protests, and high-visibility publicity stunts in order to achieve their goals, earning criticism from President Bush and others. The name CODEPINK plays on the Bush Administration’s colorcoded homeland security advisory system that signals terrorist threats. While Bush’s color coded alerts are based on fear, the CODEPINK alert is based on compassion and is a feisty call for women and men to “wage peace.” The central figure is derived from the 1958
•Organizing for Change
Women In Struggle Poster-Film Collective Flypress and Badger Silkscreen, 1970s/1980s London, United Kingdom 27796
Emmeline Pankhurst Marlene E. Miller Offset of woodcut, 1975 Sellersville, Pennsylvania 3702  Emmeline Pankhurst (1857 ‑ 1928) was one of the founders of the British suffragette movement. It is the name of "Mrs. Pankhurst", more than any other, which is associated with the struggle for votes for women in the period immediately preceding World War I. She was born Emmeline Goulden in Manchester, England to abolitionist parents, and in 1879 married Richard Marsden Pankhurst, a barrister who was already a supporter of the women's suffrage movement. Mrs. Pankhurst's tactics for drawing attention to the movement succeeded in getting her imprisoned several times, but, because of her high profile, she did not endure the same privations as many of the
Her approach to the campaign did not endear her to everyone, and there were splits within the movement as a result.  In 1914, World War I broke out, and Pankhurst felt that nothing should interfere with her country's efforts to win. All attempts to gain votes for women were put on hold, and her efforts were instead directed to urging women to take over men's jobs, so that the men could go and fight in the war. Enlistment of the unenlisted was her highest priority. Although not all of the members of the suffrage movement backed the war, Mrs. Pankhurst’s influence swayed many to follow her lead, and the movement became prowar and pro-conscription, its Chauvinism unexampled amongst all the other women’s societies. In 1918, voting rights were given to women over 30, and that with a property qualification, while all men over 21 were enfranchised. Despite the limitations, the Suffragettes saw it as a great victory. In 1928, women finally achieved equal voting rights to men in the United Kingdom.
My Train Never Jumped The Track ‑ Harriet Tubman Loren Moss Organization for Equal Education of the Sexes, Inc. Offset, 1981 New York, New York 4104 Harriet Tubman, (c. 1821‑1913) was a fugitive slave and abolitionist who became a legendary figure of the underground railroad. Born in Maryland to slave parents, she escaped to freedom (c. 1849) by following the north star. Throughout the 1850s she made repeated journeys into slave territory, leading about 300 other fugitives, including her parents, to freedom. Maintaining martial discipline on flights north, Tubman often forced panicky or exhausted "passengers" ahead by threatening them with a loaded pistol. She was aided by Quakers and other abolitionists, and John Brown sought her counsel for the Harper's Ferry raid in
Women's Encampment for a Future of Peace & Justice Bonnie Acker Offset, 1984 North America: United States; Massachusetts, Boston (Jamaica Plain) 1433
Mary Harris "Mother" Jones Rupert GarcĂa Inkworks Offset, 1989 Berkeley, California 3726 Â Mary Harris Jones (1830 or 18371930), better known as Mother Jones, wasborn in Ireland, and was an American labor and community organizer. She worked as a dressmaker until her husband and four children died in the 1867 yellow fever epidemic. She worked as a volunteer nurse until the epidemic was over, and then returned to her original career. When all of her possessions were destroyed in the 1871 Chicago Fire, she received support from the local union hall. She began working with the labor movement in struggle against low wages, long hours and depressed working conditions.
She participated in the 1877 railroad employees strike. In 1890 she became an organizer for the United Mine Workers. Following the 1912‑13 West Virginia miners' strike, she was convicted by a W. Virginia state militia military court on a charge of conspiracy to commit murder, and sentenced to 20 years. She was freed by the new governor following an investigation. In 1903 she organized a caravan of striking children from mines of Kentucky to Theodore Roosevelt`s home at Oyster Bay, New York, to dramatize the evils of child labor.  She opposed women's suffrage because, "the plutocrats have organized their women to keep them busy with suffrage and prohibition and charity." She helped found the Social Democratic party in 1898, and was one of the organizers of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in 1905.
Lucía González de Parsons Carlos Cortez Gato Negro Press Linocut, 1986 Chicago, Illinois 4488 Don’t go on strike. Stay on the job and take possession of the machines. If someone is going to be hungry, let it be the bosses! Lucy Parsons (1853‑1942) was a radical American labor organizer, anarchist, feminist and a powerful orator who spent her life struggling for the rights of the poor, unemployed, women, children, and minority groups. She was born in Texas (likely as a slave) to parents of Native American, Black American and Mexican ancestry. In 1871 she married Albert Parsons, a former Confederate soldier, and they were
Described by the Chicago Police Department as "more dangerous than a thousand rioters" in the 1920s, Lucy Parsons and her husband had become highly effective anarchist organizers primarily involved in the labor movement, but also working on behalf of political prisoners, people of color, the homeless and women. Parsons (1853-1942) was a black working class woman who was  She was a recognized leader of the predominantly white male labor movement in Chicago. At a time when the U.S. government was working to eliminate the growing labor movement, Parsons joined the anarchistic International Working People's Association in 1883. On May 1, 1886, Lucy Parsons and her husband Albert led 80,000 workers and their supporters on a march to mobilize for a general strike for the eight-hour day. When a fatal bombing occurred three days later at a labor rally at the Haymarket, police blamed radical activists. When eight defendants including Albert were found guilty, Lucy began organizing the Haymarket Defense. After Albert's execution in 1887, she was active in the radical labor movement for another 55 years. She published newspapers, pamphlets and books, and led many demonstrations. She was a founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World. Her struggle with the Chicago police for free speech lasted for decades. Police frequently broke up meetings simply because the speaker was Lucy Parsons.
Ida B. Wells‑Barnett Ricardo Levins Morales Northland Poster Collective Silkscreen, ca. 1990 Minneapolis, Minnesota 4150
Wie Lassalle sagte Artist Unknown Offset, n.d. Hamburg, Germany 27000 Â Rosa Luxemburg (1871- 1919) was one of the founders of the Polish Social Democratic Party and the Spartacus League, which developed into Germany's Communist Party. She was killed during the Spartacus Revolt of January 1919.
Alexandra Kollontai Red Pepper Posters Silkscreen, 1985 San Francisco, California 27684 Â Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontai 1872 - 1952) was a Russian Communist revolutionary who became People's Commissar for Social Welfare, after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. She was the most prominent woman in the Soviet administration and was best known for founding the Zhenotdel or "Women's Department" in 1919 . This organization worked to improve the conditions of women's lives in the Soviet Union, fighting illiteracy and educating women about the new marriage, education, and working laws put in place by the Revolution. She was well recognized later for socialist feminism. The Zhenotdel was eventually closed in 1930. Â Alexandra Kollontai is a profoundly unusual figure in the history of the Soviet Union, as she was an "Old Bolshevik" and a major public critic of the Communist Party who was neither purged nor executed by the Stalin regime, though as a diplomat serving abroad, she had little or no influence in government policy or operations and so was effectively exiled. Kollontai's views on the role of marriage and the family under Communism were arguably more subversive and more influential on today's society than her advocacy of "free love." Kollontai believed that, like the state, the family unit would wither away once the second stage of communism became a reality. She viewed marriage
Never Doubt Susan L. Allen Offset, 1991 Honolulu, Hawaii 3653 Â Margaret Mead (1901-1978) was a distinguished anthropologist, intellectual and scientist. She is the author of numerous books on primitive societies, as well as many contemporary issues including education, ecology, the Women's Movement, the atomic bomb, student uprisings, and the decriminalization of marijuana. Mead blended her knowledge with action. Time Magazine named her "Mother of the World" in 1969. She served as a advisor to many presidents in the fields of ecology and nutrition. She also had great concern about the role of science and technology in world politics. Mead was one of the first people to propose that masculine and feminine
Now You Have Touched the Women Mary Sutton; Northland Poster Collective Digital Print, 1981 design Minneapolis, Minnesota 28001
Keep Bessie in Harlan Miners Art Group Offset, ca. 1973 Belle, West Virginia 12380
You Are the Spark that Started Our Freedom Movement. Donnelly/Colt Offset, 1990 Hampton, Connecticut 10090
Support Equal Citizenship Rights Linda Kiveu Digital Print, 2008 Los Angeles, California 28010
The Significance of Women's Social and Political Action Gabriela Offset, 1984 Philippines 5507
Asian Women Workers Struggling for Change Committee for Asian Women Offset, n.d. Hong Kong 27856
West Coast Conference Artist Unknown Silkscreen, 1975 Oakland, California 12076
"Just once, let us pull all our different splinter groups together" Artist Unknown Offset, 1972 Berkeley, California 8500 Â Shirley Chisholm (1924 -2005) was a politician, educator, and author. In 1968 she became the first African-American woman elected to Congress, representing New York's 12th District from 1969-1983. In 1969 she helped found the Congressional Black Caucus. As a candidate for the Democratic nomination for U.S. president in 1972, she won 152 delegates before withdrawing from the race. Chisholm, a founder of the National Women's Political Caucus, supported the Equal Rights Amendment and legalized abortions throughout her
Throughout her tenure in Congress, Chisholm worked to improve opportunities for inner-city residents. She was a vocal opponent of the draft and supported spending increases for education, healthcare and other social services, and reductions in military spending. She wrote the autobiographical works Unbought and Unbossed (1970) and The Good Fight (1973).
Women of the World Unite! Jurgen Grefe Jane Carson Offset, 1989 Bemidji, Minnesota 12101 This poster appropriates the image of “Liberty Leading the People” (1830) by Delacroix, one of the most famous and radical picture of its time, and combines it with a paraphrase of Workers of the world, unite!, one of the most famous rallying cries of communism, from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels's The Communist Manifesto (1848).
Embracing Feminism(s)
Celebrations of Human Dignity Lincoln Cushing Photo: Mike Abramson Silkscreen, 1980 San Diego, California 3734
Eleanor Roosevelt Feminist Horizons Offset, ca. 1980s Ontario, California 3042 Eleanor Roosevelt (1884 –1962) was First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. An internationally prominent author and speaker, she supported the New Deal policies of her husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and assumed a role as an advocate for civil rights. In the 1940s, she supported the formation of the United Nations and was appointed by President Harry S. Truman as a delegate to the UN General Assembly (1945-1952). During her time at the UN she chaired the committee that drafted and approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. President Truman called her the "First Lady of the World" in tribute to her human rights
Active in politics for the rest of her life, she chaired the John F. Kennedy administration's ground-breaking committee, the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women, which helped start second-wave feminism. She worked to enhance the status of working women, although she opposed the Equal Rights Amendment because she believed it would adversely affect women.
If You Can Walk You Can Dance African People's Socialist Party Photocopy, 1980s North America: United States; California, Oakland 13023
I Am No Longer Afraid of Mirrors Sheila Levrant de Bretteville Offset, 1983 Berkeley, California 9883 Originally published by Peace Press, 1981, Los Angeles
We Celebrate Women's Struggles Susan Shapiro; Inkworks Offset, 1975 Oakland, California 10133
International Women's Year, Chicana 1975 Louie "the Foot" Gonzalez Silkscreen, 1975 Sacramento, California 2493
Power to Change, Freedom to Choose Bread and Roses Bookshop Silkscreen, 1975 San Jose, California 11036
Women's Emancipation Day Poster, 1920 Adolph Strakhov Bread and Roses Bookshop Offset, reprinted from 1920 North America: United States; California, San Jose 19253
International Women's Day Gail Dolgin Jane Norling Photo: Tim Drescher Offset, 1978 San Francisco, California 6566 INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY On March 8, l857, women from the garment and textile industry in New York demonstrated to protest low wages, the 12‑hour workday, and increasing workloads. They asked for improved working conditions and equal pay for all working women. Their march was dispersed by the police. Some of the women were arrested and some were injured. Three years later, in March of 1860, these women formed their own union and again called for these demands to be met.  On March 8, 1908, thousands of women from the needles trade industry demonstrated for the same demands. They also asked for laws against child labor and for the right of women to vote. They declared March 8 to be Women's Day. In 1910, Clara Zetkin, a German labor leader, proposed that March 8 be proclaimed International Women's Day in memory of those women who had fought for better lives. For almost 100 years, March 8 has been celebrated in
International Women's Day Celebration 1977 Artist Unknown Offset, 1977 Berkeley, California 3718
So Long as Women Are Not Free the People Are Not Free See Red Women's Workshop Silkscreen, ca. 1970s London, United Kingdom 3712
When Women Become Massively Political Peg Averill Offset, ca. 1974 New York, New York 27380
Alice Walker in her garden Robert Allen Offset, 1984 Navarro, California 4097 Â Alice Walker (born 1944) is an American author and feminist (although she prefers the word Womanist). She received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1983 for her critically acclaimed novel The Color Purple.
Organise Fight On! African National Congress Offset, ca. 1980s London, United Kingdom 5412
Women Say Bush Lied CODEPINK Digital Print, 2004 Los Angeles, California 26285
Reclaiming the F- Word: Posters on International Feminism(s) is available as a traveling exhibition. For more information about bringing this exhibition to your institution, please contact us at admin@politicalgraphics.org or (310) 397-3100.