Supplementing Select DTX™ to Early-Lactation Holstein Cows Challenged by Mycotoxins Improves Milk Production Previous research studies have documented the reduced milk production associated with feeding mycotoxin-contaminated diets. Recent research indicates that commonly used mycotoxin protection products are often more effective for binding nutrients than the targeted mycotoxins. In farm conditions for 25 years, dairy professionals have cited the ability of the unique Select DTX product to support milk production when cows are challenged by mycotoxins. This study was conducted at a large, high-performing Holstein herd to demonstrate YMJ GJSJܪYX TK )9= \MJS QFHYFYNSL IFNW^ HT\X FWJ challenged by DON and zearalenone¹. PROCEDURES The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial from August 29, 2022 to May 28, 2023, in New York, at a 3,600-cow commercial dairy farm experienced in conducting commercial feed additive research. After entering the dry pen, Holstein cows were blocked by lactation group, expected calving date FSI XYWFYNܪJI G^ QFHYFYNTS XY SI WI FSI YMJS WFSITRN_JI to either a control group (base ration without DTX; control) or a treatment group (base ration with DTX; DTX). The study was conducted with a control premix (no DTX) or a DTX premix (providing a minimum of 9 g DTX/cow/d to the lowest DMI pen (1st lactation, 50 lb DMI/d) with an average DTX intake of 10.34 g/cow/d. Daily feed mixing, delivery time, weight and daily refusals per pen were according to the Dairy’s standard feed mixing protocol and recorded using FeedWatch®. Dry matter intake (DMI) was statistically analyzed for the entire 40-week study even though the trial pens were not full of randomized cows. Samples of each pen’s TMR were obtained initially twice per month and then monthly for mycotoxin analyses (Actlabs).
¹Dairy Health and Management Services
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Agrarian Solutions® RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023
The cows were milked in accordance with the dairy’s standard milking routine (3X/d) and daily individual milk weights were WJHTWIJI ZXNSL YMJ &ܪRNQP® system. Milk components and quality was evaluated by twice weekly pen level string samples using the QualiTru® sampling system and analyzed by Dairy One Lab. Reproduction protocols and results are reported in an accompanying technical report. Statistical analysis was conducted with individual cows as the experimental units for daily milk production, and pen was the experimental unit for measurements such as dry matter intake (DMI), weekly milk components and quality. Continuous variables were analyzed for treatment effect with mixed linear regression models allowing for repeated measurements as needed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The description of cows by lactation and research group utilized in the study are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Number of Holstein Cows by Lactation and Research Group.
Lactation Number
Control
DTX
1
133
131
2
118
127
3+
212
205
Total
463
463
The TMR contamination levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) (Figure 1) and zearalenone (Zea) (Figure 2) recorded throughout the study did not differ between the research groups for DON (P=0.60) (1,572 ppb and 1,560 ppb for control and DTX, respectively) or Zea (P=0.08)(150 ppb and 143 ppb for control and DTX, respectively).
Total Mixed Ration Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol (Figure 1) and Zearalenone (Figure 2) by Measurement Date.
HTSYWTQ QG I LWTZU +NLZWJ <JJPQ^ KJJI JKܪHNJSH^ FY YMJ pen-level did not differ (P=0.99) between the control (1.53) and the DTX (1.52) pens. Figure 4. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Daily Milk Production by First-lactation Holstein Cows.
Figure 1.
Daily Milk Production (lbs)
1,900
DON, ppb
1,425 950 475 0
9/6/22
10/5/22
12/7/22
2/7/23
90 67.5 45 22.5 0
1
25
Control
DTX
Date Control
Daily Milk Production (lbs)
Zea, ppb
225 150 75
10/5/22
12/7/22
2/7/23
Date Control
105 70 35 0
0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
72
80
88
96
104 112 120 128 136 144
Days in Milk
Figure 3. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Daily Dry Matter Intake by Lactating Holstein Cows.
Control
DTX
Pen-level milk fat (P=0.75), protein (P=0.94) and solids non-fat (SNF) (P=0.54) did not differ between the research groups (Table 2). The SCC was higher (P=0.02) for DTX cows than control cows. Milk components and quality was not determined for individual cows in the research groups. Table 2. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Milk Components and SCC for Lactating Holstein Cows.
70
Dry Matter Intake (lbs)
145
140
DTX
The DMI by week of trial did not differ between the research groups, and there were no individual weeks with a statistical difference between the treatments (Figure 3). The median DMI throughout the study was 61.2 lb for the control and 60.5 lb for the DTX pens.
Control
DTX
P - value
% Fat
4.15
4.12
0.75
% Protein
3.16
3.17
0.94
% SNF
5.82
5.82
0.54
SCC (x1000)
143.04
161.29
0.02
65 60 55 50
121
Figure 5. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Daily Milk Production by 2nd-and Greater-lactation Holstein Cows
300
9/6/22
97
73
Days in Milk
DTX
Figure 2.
0
49
0
10
20
30
40
Week of Trial Control
DTX
For 1st-lactation cows, the control (82.1 lb/d) and DTX (81.8 lb/d) groups did not differ (P=0.33) in daily milk production (Figure 4). Supplementing DTX (117.8 lb/d) increased (P=0.0001) daily milk production for 2nd- and greater-lactation cows compared to the
CONCLUSIONS Supplementing DTX to lactating Holstein cows when consuming F R^HTYT]NS HTSYFRNSFYJI INJY IZWNSL YMJ ܪWXY ).2 WJXZQYJI in greater milk production for multiple-lactation cows.
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Supplementing Select DTX™ to Early-lactation Holstein Cows Challenged by Mycotoxins Improves Pregnancy Rate +JJINSL R^HTYT]NS HTSYFRNSFYJI INJYX YT JFWQ^ QFHYFYNTS IFNW^ HT\X TKYJS NRUFNWX WJUWTIZHYN[J XZHHJXX )FNW^ UWTIZHJWX FSI SZYWNYNTSNXYX MF[J GJJS XZUUQJRJSYNSL YMJ Select DTX UWTIZHY YT QFHYFYNSL IFNW^ HT\X FSI TGXJW[NSL NRUWT[JI UWJLSFSH^ WFYJX KTW T[JW ^JFWX 9MNX XYZI^ \FX HTSIZHYJI FY F QFWLJ MNLM UJWKTWRNSL -TQXYJNS MJWI YT IJRTSXYWFYJ YMJ WJUWTIZHYN[J GJSJܪYX TK KJJINSL )9= YT JFWQ^ QFHYFYNTS IFNW^ HT\X \MJS HMFQQJSLJI G^ IJT]^SN[FQJSTQ )43 FSI _JFWFQJSTSJ HTSYFRNSFYJI INJYX{ PROCEDURES 9MJ XYZI^ \FX HTSIZHYJI FX F WFSITRN_JI HTSYWTQQJI YWNFQ KWTR &ZLZXY YT 2F^ NS 3J\ >TWP FY F HT\ HTRRJWHNFQ IFNW^ KFWR J]UJWNJSHJI NS HTSIZHYNSL HTRRJWHNFQ KJJI FIINYN[J WJXJFWHM &KYJW JSYJWNSL YMJ IW^ UJS -TQXYJNS HT\X \JWJ GQTHPJI G^ QFHYFYNTS LWTZU J]UJHYJI HFQ[NSL IFYJ FSI XYWFYNܪ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ѣX 927 \JWJ TGYFNSJI NSNYNFQQ^ Y\NHJ UJW RTSYM FSI YMJS RTSYMQ^ KTW R^HTYT]NS FSFQ^XJX &HY1FGX & XYFSIFWI UWJX^SHM T[X^SHM UWTLWFR \FX ZYNQN_JI YT X^SHMWTSN_J HT\X KTW ܪWXY XJW[NHJ FY ).2 &UUWT]NRFYJQ^ TK XY QFHYFYNTS FSI TK SI FSI WI QFHYFYNTS HT\X WJHJN[JI FS JRGW^T FY ܪWXY GWJJINSL \NYM YMJ WJRFNSIJW GJNSL TK J]HJUYNTSFQ LJSJYNH [FQZJ FSI GJNSL XJW[NHJI G^ FWYNܪHNFQ NSXJRNSFYNTS &. &QQ YM FSI LWJFYJW QFHYFYNTS HT\X \JWJ XJW[NHJI \NYM HTS[JSYNTSFQ GJJK XJRJS 9MJ NSNYNFQ UWJLSFSH^ INFLSTXNX \FX FY I UTXY XJW[NHJ FSI ܪSFQ UWJLSFSH^ IJYJWRNSFYNTS FY I UTXY XJW[NHJ 7JHTWIX TK GWJJINSL RJYMTI IFYJ YJHMSNHNFS FX \JQQ FX IFYJ FSI TZYHTRJ TK UWJLSFSH^ INFLSTXNX \JWJ WJHTWIJI NS )( 8YFYNXYNHFQ FSFQ^XNX \FX HTSIZHYJI \NYM NSIN[NIZFQ HT\X FX YMJ J]UJWNRJSYFQ ZSNYX 5WJLSFSH^ TZYHTRJX \JWJ FSFQ^_JI \NYM RN]JI QNSJFW WJLWJXXNTS RTIJQX \NYM YJWRX KTW YWJFYRJSY QFHYFYNTS SZRGJW GWJJINSL RJYMTI FSI YMJ NSYJWFHYNTSX RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 9MJ IJXHWNUYNTS TK HT\X G^ QFHYFYNTS FSI WJXJFWHM LWTZU ZYNQN_JI NS YMJ XYZI^ FWJ QNXYJI NS 9FGQJ 9MJ 927 HTSYFRNSFYNTS QJ[JQX TK )43 +NLZWJ FSI _JFWFQJSTSJ ?JF +NLZWJ WJHTWIJI YMWTZLMTZY YMJ XYZI^ INI STY INKKJW GJY\JJS YMJ WJXJFWHM LWTZUX KTW )43 5" UUG FSI UUG KTW HTSYWTQ FSI )9= WJXUJHYN[JQ^ TW ?JF 5" UUG FSI UUG KTW HTSYWTQ FSI )9= WJXUJHYN[JQ^
{)FNW^ -JFQYM FSI 2FSFLJRJSY 8JW[NHJX
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Agrarian Solutions® RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023
Table 1. Number of Holstein Cows by Lactation and Research Group.
Lactation Number
Control
DTX
1
133
131
2
118
127
3+
212
205
Total
463
463
Total Mixed Ration Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol (Figure 1) and Zearalenone (Figure 2) by Measurement Date. Figure 1.
Figure 2.
1,425
225
Zea, ppb
300
DON, ppb
1,900
950 475 0
9/6/22
Control
DTX
10/5/22
12/7/22
150 75 0
2/7/23
Date
9/6/22
Control
10/5/22
12/7/22
2/7/23
Date
DTX
& XZRRFW^ TK WJUWTIZHYN[J TZYHTRJ FX NSܫZJSHJI G^ )9= XZUUQJRJSYFYNTS FSI XJW[NHJ YJHMSNVZJ NX INXUQF^JI NS 9FGQJ & LWJFYJW UWTUTWYNTS 5" TK )9= HT\X \JWJ NSNYNFQQ^ UWJLSFSY I UTXY XJW[NHJ FY ܪWXY XJW[NHJ YMFS HTSYWTQ HT\X 9MJ HTSYWTQ HT\X FSI )9= HT\X INI STY INKKJW 5" KTW UWJLSFSH^ QTXXJX FY I UTXY ܪWXY XJW[NHJ 9MJ ܪSFQ UWTUTWYNTS TK HT\X UWJLSFSY I UTXY ܪWXY XJW[NHJ YJSIJI YT GJ LWJFYJW 5" KTW )9= HT\X YMFS HTSYWTQ HT\X 9FGQJ 9MJ *KKJHY TK )9= 8ZUUQJRJSYFYNTS YT *FWQ^ 1FHYFYNTS -TQXYJNS (T\X TS 7JUWTIZHYN[J 4ZYHTRJ
ƓΆ 1FHYFYNTS
SI FSI ,WJFYJW 1FHYFYNTS
All Lactations
P [FQZJX
Control
DTX
Control
DTX
Control
DTX
Trt
Lact
TxL
Cows serviced, % (No. serviced/No. available)
94.0 (125/133)
94.7 (124/131)
85.5 (282/330)
89.8 (298/332)
87.9 (407/463)
91.1 (422/463)
0.37
0.004
0.64
DIM 1st Service
73.5 ± 0.4
73.4 ± 04
72.9 ± 0.2
73.1 ± 0.2
72.9 ± 0.2
73.1 ± 0.2 0.97
<0.001
0.66
Service technique,% (No. tech./No. serviced) Estrus, %
4.8 (6/125)
4.8 (6/124)
4.6 (13/282)
5.0 (15/298)
4.7 (19/407)
5.0 (21/422)
ET¹, %
87.2 (109/125)
85.5 (106/124)
62.8 (177/282)
63.4 (189/298)
70.3 (286/407)
69.9 (295/422)
TAI²
8.0 (10/125)
9.7 (12/124)
32.6 (92/282)
31.5 (94/298)
25.1 (102/407)
25.1 (106/422)
Initial Pregnancy, % (No. preg/No. serviced)
32.8 (41/125)
41.1 (51/124)
39.9 (122/282)
46.6 (138/298)
37.7 (153/407)
45.0 (189/422)
0.04
0.09
0.79
Preg. Loss, % (No. lost/ No. Preg)
17.1 (7/41)
21.6 (11/51)
20.5 (23/122)
18.1 (25/138)
19.6 (30/153)
19.1 (36/189)
0.83
0.99
0.48
Final Preg., % (No. Preg./ No. Serviced)
27.2 (34/125)
32.3 (40/124)
31.7 (89/282)
38.2 (113/298)
30.3 (123/407)
36.4 (153/422)
0.06
0.15
0.89
{*RGW^T 9WFSXKJW Ѭ t9NRJI FWYNܪHNFQ NSXJRNSFYNTS
9FGQJ INXUQF^X WJUWTIZHYN[J TZYHTRJX FX NSܫZJSHJI G^ )9= XZUUQJRJSYFYNTS FSI XJW[NHJ YJHMSNVZJ FY ܪWXY XJW[NHJ +TW GTYM FWYNܪHNFQ NSXJRNSFYNTS FSI JRGW^T YWFSXKJW YJHMSNVZJX )9= XZUUQJRJSYFYNTS NRUWT[JI YMJ NSNYNFQ FSI ܪSFQ UWJLSFSH^ WFYJX 9MJWJ \FX STY F XYFYNXYNHFQ NSYJWFHYNTS GJY\JJS )9= XZUUQJRJSYFYNTS FSI XJW[NHJ YJHMSNVZJ 9FGQJ *KKJHY TK )9=Ӵ 8ZUUQJRJSYFYNTS YT *FWQ^ 1FHYFYNTS -TQXYJNS (T\X FSI 8JW[NHJ 9JHMSNVZJ TS 7JUWTIZHYN[J 8ZHHJXX
Service Technique¹ &WYNܪHNFQ .SXJRNSFYNTS
Embryo Transfer
P [FQZJX
Control
DTX
Control
DTX
ST¹
TRT x ST
Initial Pregnancy, % (No. preg/No. serviced)
45 (54/120)
52.0 (65/125)
34.6 (99/286)
42.0 (124/295)
0.02
0.98
Pregnancy loss, % (No. loss/No. preg)
18.5 (10/54)
9.2 (6/65)
20.2 (20/99)
24.2 (30/124)
0.04
0.15
Final pregnancy, % (No. preg/No. serviced)
36.7 (44/120)
47.2 (59/125)
27.6 (79/286)
31.9 (94/295)
0.01
0.47
{&WYNKNHNFQ .SXJRNSFYNTS [X *RGW^T 9WFSXKJW
CONCLUSIONS 8ZUUQJRJSYNSL )9= YT QFHYFYNSL -TQXYJNS HT\X \MJS HTSXZRNSL F R^HTYT]NS HTSYFRNSFYJI INJY IZWNSL YMJ ܪWXY ).2 NSHWJFXJI YMJ NSNYNFQ UWJLSFSH^ WFYJ FY I UTXY ܪWXY XJW[NHJ FSI YJSIJI YT NSHWJFXJ YMJ ܪSFQ UWJLSFSH^ WFYJ FY I UTXY ܪWXY XJW[NHJ 9MJ NRUWT[JI NSNYNFQ FSI ܪSFQ UWJLSFSH^ WFYJX IZJ YT )9= XZUUQJRJSYFYNTS \FX J[NIJSY KTW GTYM FWYNܪHNFQ NSXJRNSFYNTS FSI JRGW^T YWFSXKJW
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