Florida Courier - May 27, 2016

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PRESORTED STANDARD MAIL U.S. POSTAGE PAID DAYTONA BEACH, FL PERMIT #189

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CELEBRATING OUR 10TH YEAR STATEWIDE!

The guidebook that protected Blacks as they traveled west See page B1 www.flcourier.com

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

VOLUME 24 NO. 22

‘FINISH IN FOUR, SAVE MORE’

During his ‘Degrees to Jobs Summit’ this week, Gov. Rick Scott urged education leaders to pave the way to help more college students graduate earlier than six years. BY MARGIE MENZEL THE NEWS SERVICE OF FLORIDA

Gov. Rick Scott on Wednesday challenged Florida’s colleges and universities to help full-time students graduate in four years – in part by telling incoming freshmen how much money they’ll

uate within four years, according to the Florida Board of Governors, with a total of 71 percent earning a four-year degree within six years. And since undergraduates spend roughly $17,000 per year save if they do. on tuition, fees, books and living “Finish in four, save more,� expenses, those finishing in four Scott told business and education years will avoid the added cost, leaders at his “Degrees to Jobs Scott said. Summit� in Orlando. “You could save $100,000 by getting out in More Bright Futures four years rather than six years.� They’ll also bring in salaries Just 44 percent of undergradSee STUDENTS, Page A2 uates at state universities grad-

Study says unexpected $400 expense would hurt nearly half of US households

‘Doing OK’ Overall, the survey-based study said the financial health of families continued to show mild improvement last year, with 69 percent of respondents saying they are “living comfortably� or “doing OK.� That is up 4 percentage points from 2014 and up 6 points from 2013, when the survey began. But those gains belie the wide gap among households based on differences in education, race and parental wealth – and the fragile nature of many households’ financial situation more than six years after the end of the Great Recession.

Borrow or sell The Fed’s study found that 46 percent of adults either could not cover a $400 emergency expense or would have to sell something or borrow money to do so. Similarly, 46 percent of respondents See EXPENSE, Page A2

SNAPSHOTS FLORIDA | A3

Change sought for street named after KKK founder Same-sex couples can put names on birth certificates BOOKS | B2

NATION | A6

Segregation increasing in U.S. schools

ALSO INSIDE

Author explores start of mass incarceration

Still paying the ‘Black tax’ 0!'% "

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2ECIPES FOR THE

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Supreme Court castigates state’s high court BY DAVID G. SAVAGE TRIBUNE WASHINGTON BUREAU / TNS

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WASHINGTON – Shedding light on the precarious economic state of many American families, the Federal Reserve said Wednesday that nearly half of U.S. households reported they would have trouble meeting emergency expenses of just $400. In addition, the Fed found that 22 percent of workers were juggling two or more jobs last year, higher than what government jobs data would suggest. And nearly one out of three Americans said that they have no retirement savings or pension. These findings were part of the Fed’s “Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. households in 2015.�

Georgia on their minds

FLORIDA COURIER / 10TH STATEWIDE ANNIVERSARY

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BY DON LEE TRIBUNE NEWS SERVICE

COURTESY OF FAMU

Florida A&M University graduates applaud during their commencement ceremony. The governor said he wants to help more students at state universities graduate in four years and move on to the workforce.

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Nine years ago, the Florida Courier covered Dr. Glenn W. Cherry’s presentation before the Federal Communications Commission’s public hearing in Tampa. Cherry and fellow radio station group owner Larry Lee of Fort Pierce spoke about how Black ownership of radio stations is drastically declining.

WASHINGTON – The Supreme Court rebuked the Georgia courts Monday for ignoring blatant evidence of racial bias when prosecutors deliberately excluded Blacks from a jury that would later impose the death penalty against a young Black man accused of murdering a White woman. The 7-1 decision overturned the Georgia Supreme Court and told its judges to consider whether a new trial is warranted in the nearly 30-year-old case. His death sentence could be set aside as a result. Chief Justice John G. Roberts described as “nonsense� the prosecutors’ claims that they excluded several Blacks from the jury for legitimate reasons.

Constitutional violation It is our “firm conviction,� he said, that the prosecutors were “motivated in substantial part by race� when they struck two Black citizens from the jury. “Two peremptory strikes on the basis of race are two more than the Constitution allows,� he said. The Georgia case has been closely watched because it revealed new evidence from old court files on how prosecutors secretly focused on the race of the potential juries. In 1986, the court said trial judges have a duty to prevent prosecutors from screening potential jurors based on their race, but civil rights lawyers say that approach has not always worked effectively. Despite the new evidence, the Georgia courts refused to grant a new trial for Tyrone Foster, the man convicted of the 1986 murder. The high court stopped short of actually overturning Foster’s conviction and death sentence, and ordering a new trial. Instead, it said the Georgia Supreme Court decision rejecting his race-bias claim “is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.�

Thomas disagrees Justice Clarence Thomas dissented alone. He said Foster had confessed to the murder of the elderly White woman, and he questioned why “the court affords a death-row inmate another opportunity to relitigate his long-final conviction.� Thomas said the prosecutors appeared to have rejected several Black women for the jury because they believed the women would not vote for a death sentence. But Roberts said files revealed during one of Foster’s appeals showed the prosecutors had carefully tracked the Blacks in the jury pool as “B#1� and “B#2� and so on. On one file was marked “NO. No black Church,� sugSee GEORGIA, Page A2

COMMENTARY: RAYNARD JACKSON: BLACKS MUST DIVERSIFY VOTING PORTFOLIOS | A4 COMMENTARY: GLEN FORD: WHITE PEOPLE LOVE DRUGS BUT BLACKS GET ARRESTED | A5

FOCUS

A2

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

Beware of heroes with egos It’s May 2016, the time of year in the United States when professional basketball becomes a focal point for millions of people in America and around the world. It is the time when basketball “heroes” take center stage, and basketball fans pray that their particular hero can lead their favorite team to the promised land – a National Basketball Association Championship.

‘The greatest?’ Nope LeBron “King James” James is often considered the greatest basketball hero in history. Why? I don’t know. It can’t be because James has won more championships. There are more than a few 2016 basketball players that have more championship rings than LeBron. Most of the teammates on the San Antonio Spurs team have won more championships than the star of the Cleveland Cavaliers. Miami Heat star Dwayne Wade has won more rings, as

have other players. LeBron James is the basketball hero of Corporate America. He allegedly has a billion-dollar shoe contract. He has movie deals and does a slew of television commercials. No doubt, LeBron James is a very talented basketball player. But to say he is the best that ever played is stretching it a bit too far!

James has won zero championships as a player in Cleveland. But he did win two rings as a member of the Miami Heat with the help – and possibly leadership – of Dwayne Wade, Chris Bosh and others. Yes, LeBron James is a big, fast, heavy basketball bull in an NBA china shop! He can bowl over smaller, lighter, slower and less talented basketball players at will. But basketball is not bowling, or golf, or tennis, or boxing, or track, or wrestling. No one player can win a basketball championship, because basketball is a team sport.

Corporate hero

Better ‘teams’

His hero status is blown out of proportion by America’s false sports prophets. Just because TV sports idiots claim the Cavaliers will win every game or every title just because LeBron steps on the basketball court, it almost never seems to happen.

I don’t have to tell you there are many NBA “teams” better than James’ Cleveland Cavaliers! One 2016 NBA team, the Golden State (Oakland, Calif.) Warriors won more games in the 2016 regular season than any team in NBA history.

LUCIUS GANTT THE GANTT REPORT

I have no idea who will win the championship this year. But I do know that historically, there have been heroes in basketball and in life that lose on a regular basis. The only recent hero that won on a regular basis was a horse: American Pharaoh. When LeBron left the Miami Heat to return to Cleveland, the Cavalier’s owner pretty much told LeBron he could do what he wanted to – as long as his team could bring that no-championship city a winning basketball team. Sports clowns won’t tell you, but the owner opened up his checkbook and told LeBron to assemble a team that could win a championship – regardless of what those players would cost. Cleveland ended up with the highest-paid group of players and a team that far exceeded the NBA salary cap. The coach hired by the owner was fired – even though the team had a winning record – so James could have a coach that suited him. Cleveland residents and fans thought a championship would be handed to them on a silver platter!

Paid for the best Well, the biblical pharaoh assembled the best team of soldiers all the gold and silver in those days could buy. Pharaoh’s team won military contest after contest after contest. But when they tried to defeat the team of Israelites led by Moses and favored by God, Pharaoh’s highly-paid army drowned in the Red Sea! Don’t worry about the heroes. In basketball and in life, teamwork makes the dream work! If you put a basketball team together that cares about each other, trusts each other, works together and fights together, I’ll take that team to win any day against a team with only one hero with an ego! Where there is basketball unity, there is basketball strength!

Buy Gantt’s latest book, “Beast Too: Dead Man Writing” on Amazon.com and from bookstores everywhere. “Like” The Gantt Report page on Facebook. Contact Lucius at www. allworldconsultants.net.

GEORGIA from A1

gesting Blacks should be excluded if they mentioned their church. He all but accused the state and its prosecutors of lying to cover up what they had done. “The state attempts to explain away” the newly revealed evidence is not “an example of a prosecutor merely ‘misspeaking.’ This was not some off-thecuff remark. It was an intricate story expounded by the prosecution in writing, laid out over three single-spaced pages in a brief filed with the trial court,” Roberts said. “The focus on race in the prosecution’s file plainly demonstrates a concerted effort to keep Black prospective jurors off the jury.”

Rare case Stephen Bright, a Georgia defense attorney who appealed Foster’s case, applauded Monday’s ruling. But in a statement, he stressed his was the rare case where the prosecutor’s secret notes came to light.

FLORIDA COURIER FILES

The U.S. Supreme Court (shown here with the late Justice Antonin Scalia) criticized Georgia prosecutors for “a concerted effort to keep Black prospective jurors off the jury” of a murder trial, and the state’s appeals courts for ignoring the scheme. “We obtained the prosecution’s notes which revealed their intent to discriminate. Usually that

the strikes. “Even after the undeniable evidence of discrimination was present-

ed in this case, the Georgia courts ignored it and upheld Foster’s conviction and death sentence.”

Diabetic man can pursue claim over tasering EXPENSE

ery, has hesitated to lift rates again this year amid an unsettled global economy and very low inflation at home. The latest survey paints a generally brighter outlook for workers compared with the prior two years, consistent with the improvement in the job market as unemployment has fallen to 5 percent. Among non-retired working adults without a disability, 77 percent said they were confident that they had the skills to get the kind of job they want. That is up 10 percentage points from 2013.

THE NEWS SERVICE OF FLORIDA

A diabetic man who collapsed at a Tallahassee grocery store can pursue an excessive-force lawsuit against a police officer who repeatedly used a stun gun after the man did not follow orders in an ambulance, a federal appeals court said Tuesday. But a three-judge panel of the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld other parts of a lower-court decision that rejected James Boynton’s claims against the city of Tallahassee, a paramedic and an emergency-medical technician. Boynton, a Type 1 diabetic, filed the lawsuit after a 2010 incident in which he suffered a diabetic seizure at a Winn-Dixie supermarket. The paramedic and EMT used a stretcher to move the largely unresponsive man to

STUDENTS from A1

for those two years, rather than paying out money to attend classes. Scott included the income from two additional years of working when saying students could save $100,000 by graduating earlier. Additionally, the governor called for the expansion of Bright Futures scholarships to cover the summer semester and the elimination of fees for online courses. “Some of our schools charge as much as $100 (per credit hour) for online fees,” he said. “I’d like to get rid of all those online fees.” Scott also said he wants to make sure undergraduates get credit for taking college-level and Advanced Placement courses during high school, and for completing internships in their fields.

Support from Negron Senate President-designate Joe Negron, R-Stuart, who plans to make higher education his priority in next year’s legislative session, applauded Scott’s challenge in a prepared statement.

does not happen,” he said. “The practice of discriminating in striking juries continues in courtrooms

their ambulance, where he regained consciousness, according to the ruling. A struggle occurred after Boynton tried to leave the ambulance, prompting the rescue workers to call for help. The EMT told police officer Curtis Norton she thought Boynton might be on illegal drugs, and the officer found Boynton on the floor of the ambulance clinging to the bottom of the stretcher.

Tasered nine times Norton hoisted Boynton onto the stretcher and ordered him to roll over to receive treatment. After Boynton refused to move and tensed his body, Norton used a Taser and ultimately shocked the man nine times, the ruling said. Boynton was then handcuffed to the stretcher. The paramedNegron noted that Scott’s concerns were consistent with the feedback that he and other lawmakers received when they toured the state university system last month. “One common element of the tour was the number of students who are working full- or part-time jobs to offset living expenses and to limit debt upon graduation,” Negron said. “We want to take steps to reduce the impact these financial insecurities have on their ability to graduate in four years.”

Standing ovations The first day of Scott’s invitationonly “Degrees to Jobs Summit” drew roughly 600 attendees, including university and college presidents and trustees and prominent members of the business community. The governor drew standing ovations as he cited the achievements of his administration, which he said include a 4.8-percent unemployment rate and record funding for education. “I want to tie our education system to the jobs today and the jobs of the future,” he told reporters after his speech.

Jobs ‘going away’ That goal dovetailed with Wednes-

across the country. Usually courts ignore patterns of race discrimination and accept false reasons for

ic determined on the way to a hospital that Boynton had low blood sugar. The paramedic administered an intravenous solution, and Boynton was treated and released. He was not charged with any crime. Arguing that the use of the stun gun caused damage to his lumbar spine, Boynton filed a federal lawsuit making allegations against Norton, the rescue workers and the city. Those allegations included that his rights had been violated under the Americans with Disabilities Act. A federal district-court judge ruled in favor of the defendants. The appeals court Tuesday upheld most of that decision but overturned a ruling on an excessive-force claim against Norton. That allows Boynton to continue pursuing the claim in the lower court. day’s keynote address by Gallup CEO Jim Clifton, author of “The Coming Jobs War” – one of Scott’s favorite books. Clifton warned that while the national unemployment rate is just 5 percent, that number is misleading. “The problem is that the middle class, jobs (that earn) between $55,000 and $85,000 are closing,” he said. “It’s like the old buffalo herds. Man, they are just going away.” Of 250 million Americans, Clifton said, 10 percent have fallen from the middle class and are making working-class wages. “You have an enormous life crisis, and if you’re very old at all, you have no hope of getting back to that number,” he added. In order to reverse the trend, Clifton said, the annual growth in the gross domestic product of the U.S. must be 3.75 percent, but the country has averaged 1.7 percent growth for the last 16 years. To rebuild the middle class, he said, education and business leaders must find and nurture the entrepreneurs of tomorrow. “Innovation by itself has no value unless a customer is standing next to it,” he said. “And we have to be as intentional about creating companies as we are about innovation.”

from A1

who had a major medical cost last year said they have debt from that expense. “There is little question that, on the whole, the financial well-being of Americans seems to have improved relative to the prior year and relative to the year before that,” the Fed researchers concluded. “However, the many pockets of consumers who display elevated levels of financial stress and who are at risk for financial disruption in the case of further economic hardships remain a concern.”

Detailed look The report, based on a survey of more than 5,600 people conducted in October and November, covers a range of topics, including savings behavior, banking and credit access and education debt. And it provides a more detailed look at family pocketbook issues than what can be seen in government data with aggregate numbers and averages. The report said that the well-being survey results had helped the Fed and other government officials to better understand consumer attitudes, and it will add to the body of research informing the central bank as it weighs policy decisions.

Interest rates lifted The Fed, which raised short-term interest rates in December after keeping it near zero for seven years because of the deep recession and slow recov-

In debt But job readiness, as well as financial condition generally, differed significantly among households depending on education and other factors, reflecting the financial and social disparity in the nation. For example, 31 percent of adults with at least a bachelor’s degree reported greater financial wellbeing last year compared with 2014, while 15 percent reported a decline. For those with a highschool degree or less, 22 percent said that their financial condition had improved over the last 12 months, while 21 percent said it had worsened. Among individuals who went to college, more than half of adults younger than 30 took on at least some debt. And the debt extends beyond just student loans, the report said. One out of four with education debt also have school-related credit card debt, with a median balance of $3,000.

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

FLORIDA

A3

City considers rechristening street named after KKK founder BY SUSANNAH BRYAN SUN SENTINEL TRIBUNE NEWS SERVICE

HOLLYWOOD, Fla. — He was a Confederate commander who helped found the Ku Klux Klan, but streets that run through Hollywood still bear his name. At least for now. For months, Hollywood resident Benjamin Israel has been leading the charge to get city commissioners to change the name of Forrest Street, named for Nathan Bedford Forrest. Commissioners agreed last week a name change might be worth looking into, but only after they check with residents who live on the street to see what they think. “Can you imagine waking up one day and reading in the newspaper that your street has been renamed?” Mayor Peter Bober asked during a meeting at City Hall. “People who live on that street should know that we’re even talking about this. We should put out letters to let them know.”

who were lynched and killed. If there was a street named after a member of the Nazi party going through a Jewish neighborhood, it wouldn’t fly. I know that, being a Jew all my life.”

‘A touchy subject’ Bober agrees the issue deserves to be treated with sensitivity. “If we do this thing, we are going to do it because it’s the moral thing to do,” Bober said. “If I were to find out that a bunch of streets were named after a bunch of Nazis, I would be offended. I can totally understand how African-Americans feel about having streets named after Civil War generals.” Commissioner Traci Callari argued the street’s name serves as a sobering reminder of the nation’s history. “It’s such a touchy subject,” Callari said. “But if we erase it, we forget about it. It’s a horrible reminder of what happened. Just like we have Holocaust museums and slavery museums, so we can learn about those things and not repeat the same things.”

Vandals attack

Some don’t care

The matter came to light in July after vandals twice targeted street signs named for Forrest, spraying them with black paint. An anonymous email sent to several news outlets, including the Sun Sentinel, claimed credit for the vandalism and chided the city for naming streets after “historical racists.” Police are still searching for the culprits. Israel, an African-American and Orthodox Jew, says he got involved because he wants to right a wrong. “After the Civil War was over, (Forrest) helped found the KKK,” Israel said. “People say he disbanded it. Well, tell those people

But Commissioner Dick Blattner said critics of Forrest Street have a legitimate complaint. “The passions of the people need to be heard,” Blattner said. “And these people are passionate.” Many people — including some who live there — don’t realize the street in Hollywood’s historically Black Liberia neighborhood was named after a founder of the KKK, Commissioner Peter Hernandez said. Some of those residents don’t care if the street name stays the same, Hernandez said. “It’s the people who don’t live on the street who say we are glorifying

TAIMY ALVAREZ/SUN SENTINEL/TNS

Benjamin Israel is leading the charge to change the name of Forrest Street in Hollywood, Fla. someone who doesn’t deserve to be glorified,” he said. Commissioner Linda Sherwood suggested the street be renamed only in the Liberia neighborhood.

Forest Street? Commissioner Patty Asseff argued that if the name is changed, it needs to be changed citywide.

“You can’t just change it in Liberia,” she said. “You do it from one side of the city to the other. And it should be up to the people who live on the streets.” Hernandez suggested changing the name to Forest Street by dropping the extra “r” to make it easier on homeowners and shop owners, who would be forced to change their addresses and business signs

if the street gets a new name. Israel blasted that plan, saying the name would still be Forest. “There is only one issue — morality,” he said. “What’s right and what’s wrong. And it’s wrong for his name to be up there. We’ve got to get rid of it, completely. If someone puts a knife in your back and pulls it out just an inch, the knife is still there.”

Florida now issuing birth certificates to same-sex couples BY DARA KAM THE NEWS SERVICE OF FLORIDA

TALLAHASSEE – Florida health officials have started listing both spouses on birth certificates of children born into samesex marriages and hope to have new birth certificates adding the option of “parent” – in addition to “mother” and “father” – by mid-July, according to court documents filed last week. Saying the birth-certificate issue is now moot, the state asked a federal judge to dismiss a lawsuit filed nine months ago by two same-sex couples and an advocacy group, Equality Florida Institute. But the

plaintiffs say they aren’t dropping the legal challenge. “It is some relief that married same-sex couples are finally receiving birth certificates that include both parents, though they are inaccurately listed as ‘mother’ and ‘father,’ “ Equality Florida Policy and Outreach Coordinator Holly Willard said in a prepared statement this week. “However, since the department’s long overdue directive does not resolve all legal issues for same-sex couples and their families, our birth certificate lawsuit is ongoing to ensure that all parents are treated equally and appropriately under the law.”

Final order Department of Health officials had contended they lacked the authority to change the forms without lawmakers’ action, which led to only birth mothers – and not their spouses – being listed on the documents. But the Republican-dominated Legislature, which met from January until mid-March, failed to approve changes to the law to recognize that same-sex marriage is legal in Florida. In a May 16 court filing, health officials said U.S. District Judge Robert Hinkle’s March 31 final order in a lawsuit that overturned the state’s gay-marriage ban made it possible for the forms to be changed.

CARLINE JEAN/SUN SENTINEL/TNS

Megan Marin, left, and partner Jessica Magallanes swear in before getting their marriage license on Jan. 5, 2015 at the South County Courthouse in Delray Beach. In another legal move for same-sex couples,Florida has started listing both spouses on birth certificates of children born into same-sex marriages. Hinkle’s order came more than a year after same-sex marriages became legal in Florida and long after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down state bans on gay marriage last June. In his harshly worded March order, Hinkle chastised state officials for their reluctance in acknowledging that the Florida ban had been overturned in 2015, and “for a history of resistance” in a variety of areas linked to gay marriage – including in the state’s handling of birth certificates for children of same-sex couples.

New forms Department of Health chief litigation counsel Jay Patrick Reynolds wrote in the 13-page filing that Hinkle’s order provided clarification that a reference in state law to “husband” cannot prevent equal treatment of a same-sex spouse. He quoted from part of Hinkle’s order that said “in circumstances in which the surgeon general lists on the birth certificate an opposite-sex spouse who

is not the biological parent, the surgeon general must list a same-sex spouse who is not a biological parent.” Last month, the health department initiated a rule-making process “to modify the vital statistics forms to allow the designation of mother, father, or parent on the birth record,” Reynolds wrote. The new forms could be available in July, according to court documents. State health officials also have “directed agency staff to list same-sex spouses on birth records using the existing birth record form,” Reynolds wrote. And the health department has instructed hospitals, birthing centers, midwives and others in Florida filing birth records “to record the name of both same-sex spouses on the birth record using the existing form,” the court documents say. Same-sex couples can also wait for the new form.

Extra pay But, according to lawyers for the plaintiffs, the

revised birth certificates won’t be an option for same-sex couples whose children were born before Jan. 6, 2015, when samesex marriages were allowed to begin in Florida. Hinkle ruled months earlier that the same-sex marriage ban was unconstitutional, and a stay of his ruling expired Jan. 6, 2015. Some couples who want to have new birth certificates identifying them as “parent” instead of “mother” or “father” will have to pay extra, said Chris Stoll, senior staff attorney at the National Center for Lesbian Rights, which represents the plaintiffs. “There are many states around the country where all of these issues, such as birth certificates, have been resolved very quickly, without any litigation, and life has gone on. Unfortunately, we have a small number of states where officials continue to drag their feet on every issue that they possibly can,” Stoll said in a telephone interview on May 19.

EDITORIAL

A4

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

Blacks must diversify voting portfolios Blacks gave Obama 96 percent of their votes in 2008 and 94 percent of their votes in 2012. We, by far, are the most loyal voting block for Obama in the entire U.S. According to the Pew Research Center, for the 2012 presidential election, turnout by race was, “Whites, 72 percent, Blacks 13 percent, Hispanic 10 percent, Asian 3 percent.”

High Black turnout The Pew report continues, “Unlike other minority groups whose increasing electoral muscle has been driven mainly by population growth [Latino], Blacks’ rising share of the vote in the past four presidential elections has been the result of rising turnout rates.” This is where Republicans have engaged in political malpractice. Republicans constantly talk about the Hispanic vote vis-à-vis the Black vote and have made the idiotic conclusion that it is an “either/or” proposition, not a “both/and.” Republicans claim to be so data-driven. But as usual, they turn out to be very hypocritical. They view the Black vote as a racial issue, but view the Hispanic vote as a language or cultural issue. While it is true that Latinos outnumber Blacks in absolute numbers in this country, Blacks far surpass them in voting age population (VAP). This is because many in the Latino community are in the country illegally and are not eligible to vote, and because those who one day will be eligible to vote are now under the legal voting age.

What suppression?

RAYNARD JACKSON NNPA COLUMNIST

If I hear one more Black person tell me that Obama cannot do anything specific to address the concerns of the Black community because he is Black and he doesn’t want to be seen as helping Blacks, I am going to scream. So, strictly based on data, the Republican Party should be spending more time cultivating the Black vote, because we have the highest voter turnout rate during the past two presidential cycles. In fact, in 2012 for the first time in the history of the U.S., Black voter turnout was higher than White voter turnout. (So much for the cries of voter suppression by Democrats. But I digress.) The first rule of politics is that you reward your friends and punish your enemies. This

Transgender rights, but no rights for Black people George Zimmerman tried to sell the gun he used to murder Trayvon Martin. The fear of bad publicity prevented him from successfully auctioning the weapon because outrage was loud and swift. But the bigger outrage was ignored. Zimmerman would be in jail if Barack Obama wanted him to be.

Blacks hoodwinked Black people, so easily hoodwinked if they fear any risk to Obama’s political fortunes, demanded nothing when Zimmerman was acquitted of killing Martin. It was enough for the gullible to hear Obama say that if he had a son, he would look like Trayvon. Neither Zimmerman nor the murderers of Michael Brown, or Eric Garner or Tamir Rice had anything to fear from federal

Who got the most? The two biggest beneficiaries of Obama Inc., are not Whites or Blacks, but rather Hispanics and homosexuals. If Obama was a corporation, he would be taken to court over this misappropriation of the dividend payout. Hispanics are the third-largest shareholder in Obama Inc. and the homosexual community is the smallest shareholder, behind the Asian community. According to a Gallup poll from last year, 3.8 percent of the U.S. population is homosexual (according to some estimates, .3 percent of the population is transgendered). Obama has given so much to the homosexual community that Newsweek Magazine dubbed him “The First Gay President” in its May 21, 2012 edition. Obama has given so much those who identify with a gender other than the one they manifest physically at birth. The prominence given the issue is out of proportion to the degree of public need. Yet in true American fashion, ginned-up outrage is reported endlessly over what ought to remain a non-issue.

Foolish fight MARGARET KIMBERLEY BLACK AGENDA REPORT

prosecution. The excuse that the bar for prosecution must be high is just that – an excuse. This same president claimed a right to assassinate Americans without any legislation or case law to back up the assertion. If Obama wanted to prosecute the 21st century lynch mob, he could do that too. While Black people watched a killer of one of their own brag about and attempt to profit from his deed, the president chose to defend a different group of people altogether. There is debate and controversy about the use of public restrooms by transgendered people –

I saw stunning news anchors – my jaw didn’t drop If you are like me, you sometimes surf the Web when you are supposed to be doing something more important. You may notice “click bait” that poses questions like, “What happened to these childhood stars?” or offers “Secrets of the Mayans revealed.” Well, I noticed a list with dozens of allegedly gorgeous news anchors called “News Anchors

not only applies to politics, but to life in general. I thought this was conventional thinking by everyone within politics – until Obama became president. Top support for Obama as a percentage of his vote, in decreasing order, is: Blacks, Whites, Hispanics, and Asians. In terms of total votes, it would be Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. If Obama were a corporation, Blacks would be the secondlargest shareholders in Obama, Inc. So when it’s time to pass out “political goodies,” i.e., dividends, you would expect the Black community to receive a commensurate payout based on their level of “ownership” in Obama Inc., i.e., the amount of votes given to Obama.

BILL FLETCHER, JR. NNPA COLUMNIST

Who Will Make Your Jaw Drop.” Out of curiosity, I took a look. Let me tell you what I found.

The firestorm is all very foolish, but that is why the Department of Justice acted in this case. President Obama loves to wade in on the side of a small segment of White liberal concern instead of helping the people who love him the most. The federal agency which is so useless in getting justice for Black people directed public schools to allow use of restrooms which match students’ gender identity. Meanwhile, Black people are still killed with impunity if vigilantes like Zimmerman want them dead. There is no attempt to break new ground or even to use precedent in prosecuting killers of Black people, while other issues are pushed to the forefront of presidential action and media attention. There is nothing new about people being transgendered or using the restrooms they

No men The list was all women. I mention that because my wife’s first comment was that there are many male news anchors and that some of them are good-looking. For some reason, I did not assume that there would be any men – but that may be my own blindness. The second thing was that they were reasonably attractive; they tended to be on the younger side; and there was not one identifiable Black woman among them. The story does not stop there. The list included Europeans, Euro-Americans (Whites), Latinas and Asians. Yet the characteristics of all of the women were European. The Latinas were all light-skinned – not one looking Afro-Latina or, for that matter,

VISUAL VIEWPOINT: ‘PRINCE IS MY FATHER’

DAVE GRANLUND, POLITICALCARTOONS.COM

to the Latino community that his Labor Secretary, Tom Perez, dubbed him “the first Latino president,” according to Politico. com. Obama has never – NEVER – pushed back at the notion that he is the first gay president or first Latino president. He has only rejected the notion of being the president of Black America. If I hear one more Black person tell me that Obama cannot do anything specific to address the concerns of the Black community because he is Black and he doesn’t want to be seen as helping Blacks, I am going to scream.

Nothing ‘specific’? So it’s okay for Obama to do “specific” things for the homosexual and Latino communities, but he can’t do the same for the Black community? Really? The other silly notion coming from the Black community is that Obama can’t do anything because of the “racist,” obstrucchoose. They have been doing so for years. In contrast, Black people risk death constantly just because they exist in this society. Driving, walking, riding a bicycle, being in a public space at the wrong moment, or even calling the police for assistance can get them killed. Yet Obama’s FBI doesn’t even maintain a record of killings committed by the police.

Blacks quit fighting Black people unilaterally surrendered their history of fighting for justice ever since Barack Obama won the Iowa caucuses in 2008. From the moment it became clear that he could become president, there was no amount of contempt or indifference from him that would dissuade millions of people from giving him unquestioned support. While other groups can count on media attention and public policy to address their needs and rights, Black people languish at the bottom of American society –victimized physically, politically and economically and without any redress. White supremacy is the constant in the United States. Groups ranging from the LGBT community to the obese to the disabled indigenous. The Asians were all quite light, with Western looks, and with not one of them looking like the browner Asians one might find in Guam, the Philippines, Cambodia, Malaysia or Indonesia, or South Asia.

No Black women I kept assuming that I would come across at least one identifiable Black news anchor. There were a couple that looked like they might have a little African in them somewhere, but I felt that I was reaching. Despite periodic initiatives towards Black pride and defeating efforts to erase Blackness from the mainstream, the White supremacist bias always finds a way to raise

Charles W. Cherry II, Esq., Publisher

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tionist Republican-led Congress. Really? Well, it seems Obama is willing to sign executive orders or ignore the U.S. Constitution to bestow benefits to homosexuals and illegals. But he refuses to use the same approach in relation to the Black community. After almost eight years in office, the Black community must finally come to terms with the fact that the first Black president really sees very little value in the Black vote.

Raynard Jackson is founder and chairman of Black Americans for a Better Future (BAFBF), a federally registered Super PAC established to get more Blacks, especially entrepreneurs, involved in the Republican Party. For more information, visit www.bafbf. org. can count on sympathy and official action to address their needs. Black people find themselves in the opposite position. There is no amount of injustice which triggers official action on their behalf.

Conscious distraction Americans allow themselves to be whipped into a frenzy over any issue; the more trivial, the more likely they are to panic. Doing so provides distraction from racism, or climate change, or war, or any issue they either don’t care about or feel they have no agency to impact. Anyone who has ever used a public bathroom has done so with transgendered people. Let others fight over foolishness. The demand for justice and the battle for self-determination must continue. No one else will do so on our behalf.

Margaret Kimberley’s column appears weekly in BlackAgendaReport.com. Contact her at Margaret.Kimberley@ BlackAgendaReport.com. its ugly head. Beauty remains a category defined largely in European terms, with a dismissal of the very notion that beauty can take myriad forms. This situation is not remedied by the selection of one identifiably Black person to fill a quota. It really goes to the very basic question of how one defines beauty and breaking with the assumption that the closer we are to the purer European –whatever that means – the more beautiful we become. I will leave it at that.

Bill Fletcher, Jr. is the host of “The Global African” on Telesur-English. He is a racial justice, labor and global justice activist and writer. Follow him on Twitter, Facebook and at www.billfletcherjr.com.

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MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

EDITORIAL

Education is the great equalizer, Part 2

A5

VISUAL VIEWPOINT: VA HOSPITALS

Black boy backfired on them. Dad went and presented my case to the entire school board. In essence, he said that something was goHARRY C. ing to have to change or else every ALFORD Black in this town will be demonNNPA COLUMNIST strating like they do “down South.” I was moved to Mr. Webber’s I would average an “A” on math class. It really wasn’t much better. tests and anything else that was objective. My report cards would All gone say “B” or “C.” I started keeping They transferred Principal Inmy tests and homework and then gersoll to Ramona Elementary. showed the difference to my parThe bigoted principal was now ents. They became enraged and ‘Emotional problems’ overseeing Black and Hispanic Our new home was right on the my mother challenged the princi- students. The next school year, he left town. Mr. Betts ran for the borderline between Drifill and pal to no avail. school board, was trounced, and McKenna elementary schools. He soon left town. cited that I was having emotion- ‘Crazy’ son “Your son is crazy,” said PrinciI was a lucky one. Vaughn Gasal problems and would be better served at McKenna. So to the pal Ingersoll. They brought in a ton was playing by the rules when bewilderment of my parents and psychiatrist to evaluate me. Even- they approached his parents and tually, the psychiatrist met with convinced them to hold him back friends, I was off to McKenna. a year. He passed, but yet they Guest who the new teacher my mother. He said, “Mrs. Alford, there is held him back. Their intent was to was? It was Mrs. Betts – the wife of the principal who thought I was absolutely nothing wrong with break him –and they did. Vaughn your son. In fact, he has a high- was never the same happy guy. crazy. Going back to McKenna EleI was the only Black in my class. er IQ (Intelligence Quotient) than Mrs. Betts would look at me with a any of the teachers and adminis- mentary, a new form of targeting Black kids started. My brother scowl. She seemed to enjoy read- trators in this school.” He concluded by saying, “You and two of my first cousins came ing the Mark Twain adventure “Huckleberry Finn.” One of the and your husband must protect out of kindergarten and were asmain characters was “Nigger Jim.” him. For some reason, they are signed to “Junior First.” It seemed As she read, every time the char- trying to break him.” When Dad that the kindergarten ‘teachacter Nigger Jim would come up, came home and learned the news, er’ and the principal started this she would raise her voice and look all hell broke loose. Like James concept for kids who just weren’t at me. It was like being in Missis- Brown would say, “Papa Don’t ready (in their opinions) to start first grade. sippi. Those were the worst days Take No Mess.” Flunking kids coming out of of my life. The wicked scheme against this My first five years of schooling was such a thrill. It excites me when I return to my hometown of Oxnard, Calif., and converse with people who have been my friends since kindergarten and first grade – happy days indeed. It was my fifth grade when the evil activity was directed to me. My teacher would snap at me in a minute. The principal, Mr. Betts, decided to eject me from Drifill Elementary School.

Sanders and Trump are both angry White men Senator Bernie Sanders and “presumptive Republican nominee” Donald Trump are two sides of the same coin. Both of them are angry – so intensely so, that they are inciting a destructive anger among their followers. When Republicans brawled and pushed and shoved at Trump rallies, I never anticipated fisticuffs and rhetoric at Nevada Democratic caucuses which might have put Trump terrorists to shame. Both the Chump Trumps and the Berning Bernies are being led by whining, angry, entitled White men, separated by ideology – but joined by both outrage and naiveté.

No plan Neither Bernie or Duh Donald planned to get as far along in the presidential process as they have so far. Senator Sanders proudly

DR. JULIANNE MALVEAUX TRICEEDNEYWIRE.COM

carries the redistributionist flag with rousing rhetoric about social and economic justice. His agenda seems to have been to raise these issues aggressively, and he did. His presence in the campaign pushed Hillary hard to the left and made her engage with constituencies she might otherwise have ignored. For all his success, I don’t think Sanders expected to have more than 1,500 delegates to his credit. And now that he has them, he doesn’t know what to do with them. Both he and Duh Donald are publicly floundering, signal-

GLEN FORD BLACK AGENDA REPORT

groups of people over a period of years, or even decades, rather than just presenting a snap-shot of the human subjects. This month, the American Journal of Public Health published the results of a longitudinal study of nearly 2,000 young people who passed through the intake facility at the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center in Chicago between November 1995, and June 1998. ResearchNot truthful Crime statistics do not ers interviewed the jumeasure actual crime; veniles about their subthey measure arrests and stance-use disorders. convictions. In that sense, crime statistics are actual- Asked questions At intervals over a period ly measurements of the activities of police, prosecu- of 12 years, the researchers tors and judges. Black peo- caught up with their subple are simply the objects jects and debriefed them that are being acted upon on their use of alcohol, by the criminal justice sys- marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens or PCP, opiates, tem. Now, this does not mean amphetamines, and other that Black folks don’t en- drugs. They found that White gage in their share of crime; it simply means you former juvenile detainees can’t measure the preva- more likely to use drugs lence of crime or anti-so- as they got older, and that cial behavior in the Black their use of cocaine was 30 community by arrest and times higher than among conviction statistics, or by the African-Americans in the study. Hispanics were expulsions from school. Longitudinal studies are 20 times more likely to valuable sociological tools get coked up than Blacks. because they keep track of And Whites were 50 times

kindergarten. Who went to Junior First? Nothing but Blacks and Hispanics. Messing with helpless children’s minds just because of their color. It was racism by any other name.

Stay alert

and parsed and inspected. He would have been so damaged by the conversation that it might have affected his electoral results. If Secretary Clinton ever managed to get her voice to Bernie’s decibel, if she every managed to project such rage, she’d be written off as a crazy lady and peripheralized. But when the angry White Seen this before In 2008, Hillary devotees were as men yell and scream and whine passionate as Bernie devotees are and lie, they are celebrated, not now. I sat with women at the 2008 condemned. campaign who sobbed their way through then- Senator Clinton’s Both whiners concession speech and appeal Both Bernie and Duh Donfor party unity. I debated a PUMA ald are whining about rules they (Party Unity my Hind Parts) activ- say are rigged against them, but ist who swore she would not sup- the rules may have favored them. port nominee Obama. Donald Trump has garnered a The kumbayaa moment comes greater percentage of delegates in July in Philly. It reflects poorly than votes because of the way on the Hillary camp to dismiss or some states have chosen to award ignore those who are passionate delegates. He wants more, but about Senator Sanders. he failed to invest as much time At the same time, it is impor- learning the rules as some of his tant to note that extreme anger is competitors did. a unique privilege of White men. If Sanders had to play under Imagine then-nominee Obama Republican rules, he’d have fewraging at Hillary in the way that er delegates. Democrats are more Bernie has. His temperament likely to award delegates on a prowould have been sliced and diced portional basis, which means that

more likely than Blacks to be abusing opiates. These are extreme figures, showing a disparity in drug abuse behavior between Blacks and Whites so huge, it could not possibly reflect the different ethnic groups’ behavior in society at large. White people as a group do not do 30 times more cocaine than Blacks. However, White kids that wind up getting caught by Chicago area police and sent to the juvenile detention center represent the most troubled segment of their age and race. Even White skin privilege could not save them from arrest. They were the most doped up of their young White cohort – and they stayed that way as they got older.

Just passing through Whereas, the Black kids that were passing through the Cook County juvenile detention center were much more ordinary – because picking up Black children and throwing them in jail is quite an ordinary thing for cops to do. The study does not shed much light on race and drugs, but it does reveal a lot about race and the criminal justice system.

Glen Ford is executive editor of BlackAgendaReport.com.

school, do not assume good behavior and sincere intentions from the faculty and administration. Stay tuned. Talk to other parents to detect any negative trends. Your children depend on your attention and protection. From my experience, I resolved to never assume that things at elementary schools will be positive for our children. Watch every step. Your most valuable possession is on the line.

Parents of Black children must be vigilant. This stuff is still going on. A friend of ours had to step in and deal with a teacher messing with her grandson; it worked out because of her involvement. Harry C. Alford is the coHer grandson is doing wonderfully at DePaul University in Chi- founder and president/CEO of the National Black Chamber of cago now. When your children go to Commerce.

ing that they never had a winning – or graceful losing – plan. Secretary Clinton and her followers shouldn’t be so hard on Bernie, though. While they should not demand that he get out of the race, he is well-advised to tone his rhetoric down.

White people love drugs, but Black people get arrested It is now commonly recognized that White people do more drugs than Blacks and Hispanics, but go to jail for it far less often. White kids also smoke and drink more than Black kids, which most people would assume should correlate with youthful rebellion or rowdiness. But it’s the Black kids that are expelled from school at far higher rates than those hard-smoking, boozeswilling Whites. What the numbers are telling us is that the way Black people actually behave is not nearly as important as the way the state intervenes in Black people’s lives.

RICK MCKEE, THE AUGUSTA CHRONICLE

a close race might give each candidate nearly the same amount of delegates. Sanders has no standing to call the system rigged. He has kept his distance from the Democratic Party for most of his career, never participating in the rules process. If he wanted to write his own rules, he should have run for president as an independent. Sanders and Trump have positioned themselves as outsiders, but they want insiders to roll out the red carpet for them because they jumped into a game they haven’t mastered. They haven’t worked at establishing a foundation, but they are demanding the keys to the house. They aren’t wiling to put the work in to reforming our flawed two-party system. Instead, they are finding unfairness when none is there, whining when work might make a difference, and leveraging their angry White maleness into voter approval.

Julianne Malveaux is a Washington, D.C.-based economist and writer.

Obama should just say, ‘America is at war’ Since 2009, I have been venting exasperation with President Obama’s BushLite war on terrorism almost from day one of his presidency. I have been particularly exasperated with his semantic games about the role U.S. troops have been playing. Here, in part, is what I wrote in November 2015: “President Obama is channeling President Nixon with his justification for deploying Special Forces to help combat ISIS. Of course, Nixon justified deploying the FBI and other intelligence agencies to illegally wiretap, entrap, and otherwise undermine antiVietnam protesters (by saying “Well, when the president does it that means that it is not illegal.’)

on’s willful perfidy in this respect in his latest book, “The Last of the President’s Men” … I’m no Woodward, but even I decried Obama’s Vietnamization of America’s involvement in the Middle East. In fact, more U.S. troops died in Afghanistan after Obama promised to end that war than those who died during all of the feckless years Bush spent waging it.

Nixon-like strategy

Painful for me

“Clearly, having abandoned similar efforts just weeks ago, deploying U.S. troops now to ‘train, advise, and assist’ local forces defies logic. Therefore, Obama’s explanation can only be a Nixonian pretext for their real mission to engage in the very ‘frontline’ combat he steadfastly denies. “More to the point, his doublespeak about the nature of U.S. involvement in the fight against ISIS is eerily similar to that which Nixon propagated about U.S. involvement in the fight against the Viet Cong. Watergate journalist Bob Woodward documents Nix-

ANTHONY L. HALL, ESQ. FLORIDA COURIER COLUMNIST

I confess how much political pain these commentaries cause me. My ardent support for Obama’s presidency stems back to when other johnnies-come-lately supporters were still joining Bill and Hillary Clinton in dismissing his candidacy as a “fairy tale” – as my commentary, “It’s Time: Run Obama, Run!” dated October 24, 2006, attests. I am still a big fan. Obama has had a remarkably successful, transformative presidency in many respects – especially given the Republicans’ politically/racially motivated efforts, from day one, to ‘make him a failed president.’

All the same, my commentaries chronicle my profound disappointment in his conduct of foreign policy in the Middle East – from the Arab Spring to this creeping combat against ISIS. This is why I was somewhat heartened when his former Defense secretary, Robert Gates, echoed my exasperation with Obama. According to Politico, “Gates tore into the White House…for its refusal to describe the ongoing U.S. military involvement in Iraq and Syria as a ‘combat mission…Gates assailed ‘the semantic backflips to avoid using the term combat’ as ‘a disservice to those out there putting their lives on the line.’”

Earlier is better I just wish Gates had the cojones to publicly condemn this “disservice” while he was still serving. U.S. military involvement in Iraq and Syria clearly amounted to combat throughout his tenure. If he had done so then, he would not be doing so now. Soldiers who died in vain on combat missions (masquerading as training missions) would have died more honorably.

Read Anthony L. Hall’s columns and daily weblog at www.theipinionsjournal.com.

NATION

TOJ A6

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

‘This GAO report confirms what has long been feared and proves that current barriers against educational equality are eerily similar to those fought during the civil rights movement.’ Rep. John Conyers Ranking member of the U.S. House’s Committee on the Judiciary

This Library of Congress photo shows four of the five plaintiffs in the landmark schools desegregation case, Brown v. Board of Education. From left are Harry Briggs, Jr. (Briggs v. Elliot), Linda Brown Smith (Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka), Spottswood Bolling, Jr. (Bolling v. Sharpe), and Ethel Louise Belton Brown (Gebhart v. Belton [Bulah]). The 1964 photo was taken during a 10th anniversary of the Supreme Court decision press conference.

Federal probe finds increasing segregation in US schools BY ZENITHA PRINCE TRICE EDNEY NEWS WIRE

A new analysis by the federal Government Accounting Office (GAO) reveals that more than 60 years after the United States Supreme Court struck down segregation in Brown v. Board, public schools in the nation remain

separate and unequal. “This GAO report confirms what has long been feared and proves that current barriers against educational equality are eerily similar to those fought during the civil rights movement,” said Rep. John Conyers, ranking member of the U.S. House’s Committee on the Judiciary, in a statement. “There

simply can be no excuse for allowing educational apartheid in the 21st century.”

What data shows The GAO analyzed Department of Education data from school years 2000-2001 to 20132014. It found that the percentage of all K-12 public schools

that had high percentages of poor and Black or Hispanic students grew from 9 percent to 16 percent. The schools in the 16 percent were not only the most racially concentrated, the findings show, but also the ones with the highest percentage of low-income students: 75 percent to 100 percent of the students were Black or Hispanic and also eligible for free or reduced-price lunch—a commonly used indicator of poverty.

fact, largely segregated by race and class. What’s more troubling, is that segregation in public K-12 schools isn’t getting better; it’s getting worse, and getting worse quickly, with more than 20 million students of color now attending racially and socioeconomically isolated public schools. This report is a national call to action, and I intend to ensure Congress is part of the solution.”

Fewer prep courses

Recommendations

The report further showed that schools segregated by race and socioeconomic factors suffered from educational inequities. For example, these schools offered disproportionately fewer math, science, and college preparatory courses and had disproportionately higher rates of students who were held back in ninth grade, suspended, or expelled. The analysis was the result of a request made in May 2014 by Conyers (D-Mich.), Committee on Education and the Workforce Ranking Member Bobby Scott (D-Va.) and former Congressman George Miller.

In addition to the demographic data, the GAO also examined why and how selected school districts have implemented actions to increase student diversity, and the extent to which the justice and education departments have taken actions to identify and address issues related to racial discrimination in schools. Among other things, the GAO recommended that the Education Department should “more routinely analyze its civil rights data to identify disparities among types and groups of schools” and that the DOJ should “systematically track key information on open federal school desegregation cases to which it is a party to better inform its monitoring.

‘Getting worse quickly’ “Sixty-two years later, here we are in 2016 facing an overwhelming failure to fulfil the promise of Brown in realizing equality in educational opportunity for all students,” said Scott. “The GAO report confirms that our nation’s schools are, in

This story is special to the Trice Edney News Wire from the Afro American Newspaper.

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HEALTH FOOD || HEALTH TRAVEL | |MONEY SCIENCE | BOOKS | MOVIES | TV | AUTOS LIFE | FAITH | EVENTS | CLASSIFIEDS | ENTERTAINMENT | SPORTS | FOOD COURIER

IFE/FAITH

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

How to plan an affordable trip to Cuba See page B3

SHARING BLACK LIFE, STATEWIDE

‘Black-ish’ ends season with ‘Good Times’ tribute See page B5

SOUTH FLORIDA / TREASURE COAST AREA

|

SECTION

WWW.FLCOURIER.COM

B

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Travel guide kept Blacks safe on

Route 66

The Green Book that guided Blacks

LUIS SINCO/LOS ANGELES TIMES/TNS

Included in the book was the Mayfair Hotel in downtown Los Angeles, above.

to lodging and other businesses decades ago is now helping historians better understand the African-American traveling experience. BY LOUIS SAHAGUN LOS ANGELES TIMES TRIBUNE NEWS SERVICE

tepping out of a dingy motel office shielded by security bars, Lili Ho held up a faded and torn photograph. It showed the building shortly after it opened south of downtown Los Angeles in 1947. Back then, the Hayes Motel was sleek, modern and clean. The one Ho stood outside of this spring is a heap of peeling paint, crumbled plaster and signs that warn: “No drugs. No Prostitution. No loitering. No Trespassing.” “The original owner was very proud of this place,” recalled Ho, 78, who now owns the motor court in a distressed neighborhood at the corner of Wadsworth Avenue and Jefferson Boulevard. The Hayes might not be much to look at today, but it’s considered such a valuable element of Los Angeles history that it is being listed in an inventory of structures significant to the city’s past.

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BRIAN VAN DER BRUG/LOS ANGELES TIMES/TNS

Lily Ho, 78, holds a vintage photo of the Hayes Motel on April 28 in Los Angeles. Her family has owned the motel for nearly 40 years and it was listed in the Green Book, a travel guide for African-Americans.

Guided by book In particular, the Hayes was a refuge for African-American travelers who made their way west on the legendary cross-country highway U.S. Route 66, guided by a rich and illuminating travel publication known as the Negro Motorist Green Book. The motel was among 224 Los Angeles hotels, barbershops, beauty salons, taverns, motels and other places the guide deemed friendly to Blacks traveling America’s highways. The inventory, led by Los Angeles officials in collaboration with the Getty Conservation Institute, will help lay the groundwork for rehabilitation and protection of significant historic structures. Some, including Green Book destinations still standing, could be designated as L.A. Historic-Cultural Monuments. “At the very least, these sites can be incorporated into our city’s online inventory system,” said Ken Bernstein, principal planner for the Los Angeles Department of City Planning’s Office of Historic Resources. “They are part of the story of African-Americans in Los Angeles, and the story of Los Angeles itself writ large.”

Published in 1936 The Green Book was created by Victor H. Green, a postal service worker from Harlem, N.Y., who began publishing the guide in 1936 to help AfricanAmericans avoid, as he put it, “embar-

Andre Henderson, 28, sweeps up around the Hayes Motel on April 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. rassing moments” after motorists started exploring long-distance roadways including Route 66, the nation’s first intercontinental highway. Most of the 224 Los Angeles sites have been razed or put to other uses. But 56 survivors include downtown landmarks such as the Biltmore Hotel, Clifton’s Cafeteria and the Dunbar Hotel, where famous figures such as Lena Horne, Joe Louis, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and others would stay when they visited the city because white hotels would not house them. There were also dozens of lesser known welcoming locales, including the Hayes, the Aster Motel and a modest wood-framed house in the 1200 block of South New Hampshire Street listed in the guide as the residence of “Mrs. J. O. Banks.”

Help for researchers Today, Green’s rare paperbacks are more than just evidence of the hazards of travel faced by African-Americans in Los Angeles before the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. In an age of social media and 21stcentury racial justice movements such as Black Lives Matter, scholars and fed-

The New Aster Motel was listed in the Green Book.

eral historians are using Green Books as guides to research locales across the nation as part of an effort to better understand the African-American experience, and build a national park system that better reflects the diversity of America’s history, people and culture.

In New York library The world’s largest collection of Green Books is archived at New York City Library’s Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture: 23 issues published between 1937 and 1966, when the travel guide folded. High-definition images of the books are offered on a center website. A year ago, a copy of a 1941 edition of the Green Book sold at auction for $22,000 to the Smithsonian Institution. “It’s almost a miracle that there is a such a diverse physical legacy of Green Book properties,” said Frank Norris, a historian with the National Park Service’s National Trails office, which oversees the Route 66 Corridor Preservation Program. “I expect to see a number of these structures nominated to the National Register of Historic Places.” See ROUTE 66, Page B2

Documentary photography Candace Taylor takes images inside a room at the New Aster Motel. She is documenting aspects of long-distance travel with images that can only be seen from the vantage points of Green Book sites.

BOOKS & CALENDAR

B2

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

Harvard professor examines history of mass incarceration in new book BOOK REVIEW

BY DR. GLENN C. ALTSCHULER SPECIAL TO THE FLORIDA COURIER

Representing 5 percent of the planet’s population and 25 percent of its prisoners, the United States is the incarceration capital the world. At last count, 2.2 million individuals were behind bars in the U.S, a 943 percent increase over the last 50 years, with an annual cost of $80 billion. Black Americans and Latinos constitute 59 percent of prison inmates, even though they make up about 25 percent of the population. About half of young Black urban males are either in jail, on probation or on parole. In “From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime,’’ Elizabeth Hinton, an assistant professor of History and AfElizabeth rican American Hinton Studies at Harvard University, argues that mass incarceration did not begin with Ronald Reagan’s war

Review of “From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America.’’ By Elizabeth Hinton. Harvard University Press. 449 ages. $29.95 on drugs, but in the domestic policies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson.

Victims blamed Convinced that the fundamental cause of poverty and crime in Black ghettoes was the social pathology of individuals, Hinton maintains, New Frontier and Great Society liberals moved further and further away from initiatives that might have eradicated poverty and segregation and toward punitive and preemptive crime control policies. Richard Nixon “advanced some of the worst, most coercive dimensions” of the Johnson administration – and from then to now federal policymakers attacked “the consequences of poverty, subpar school systems, and

unemployment as those consequences manifested through crime,” instead of the causes. In essence, they blamed the victims.

produced by Johnson’s “guns and butter” policies, and the Vietnam War induced “credibility gap”). Many ‘60s liberals did not believe that crime control precluded education and employment initiatives; they did not view law enforcement programs as the only “viable response to socioeconomic inequality and institutional racism.”

Other explanations

Radical reforms

Hinton provides voluminous evidence that federal crime control policies (including policing, sentencing, surveillance, and the racial profiling of “potential delinquents”) were often informed by racist assumptions – and that they did not work. Although Whites account for about 70 percent of monthly drug users and 65 percent of drug abuse arrests, for example, Hinton reveals that Blacks comprise two-thirds of prisoners serving time for possession. That said, Hinton may well exaggerate the extent to which the war on crime “contaminated” efforts to foster equality and economic opportunity in the 1960s. There are many other, more compelling explanations of the evisceration of key progressive features of the Great Society (including, but limited to a “law and order” backlash of voters in the wake of urban riots, the inflation

It is important to note as well that Hinton advocates reforms that are far more radical than those proposed by John Kennedy or Lyndon Johnson. She imagines “what the United States might look like today” had a bipartisan political consensus mobilized behind the principles of “maximum feasible participation” (i.e. community representation and grassroots empowerment) “with the same level of commitment they gave to the War on Crime” – and supported education and jobs programs for at-risk groups outside of the service economy (like Denver’s cost effective alternative to incarceration, “Project New Pride,” virtually all of whose graduates have remained at least in part-time employment), enabling them – and us – to confront systemic inequality.

The country singer’s “Good for a Good Time Tour’’ makes stops at the MIDFLORIDA Credit Union Amphitheatre in Tampa on June 3 and Perfect Vodka Amphitheatre in West Palm Beach on June 4.

You can catch him on June 5 in Jacksonville at the Times Union Center for the Performing Arts.

K MICHELLE

The singer performs Aug. 2 at Revolution Live in Fort Lauderdale.

LUIS SINCO/LOS ANGELES TIMES/TNS

The Dunbar Hotel, above, located in South Los Angeles, was in the book.

Avoiding ‘sundown towns’ They stand as reminders of a little-known AfricanAmerican history of the American road trip. Green created his travel guide, in part, because he knew there would be trouble ahead for AfricanAmericans after Route 66 was designated in 1926. Stretching 2,448 miles from Chicago to Los Angeles, Route 66 passed through three time zones, eight states, 89 counties and dozens of “sundown towns” that enforced segregation with local laws, intimidation and violence. The prevailing direction of traffic along Route 66 was east to west: over Midwest wheat prairies, the Mississippi River, Missouri’s Ozark Mountains and the Texas Panhandle, across the New Mexico and Arizona deserts, over the

Hinton also endorses the view of U.S. District Court Judge James Doyle that the prison has no place in the modern world. “In many respects,” Doyle wrote in a 1972 ruling in Wisconsin, “it is intolerable within the United States as was the institution of slavery, equally brutalizing to all involved, equally toxic to the social system, equally subversive of the brotherhood of men, even more costly by some standards and probably less rational.” Recently, Republicans and Democrats in Congress have expressed grave concerns about mass incarceration. They are far from ready to implement grassroots empowerment or adopt Hinton’s “take no prisoners” root and branch reforms. But they can learn a lot from her account of how “the land of the free” turned punitive – and why we have an urgent need to identify more effective and just alternatives to the carceral state.

Dr. Glenn C. Altschuler is the Thomas and Dorothy Litwin Professor of American Studies at Cornell University. He wrote this review for the Florida Courier.

Miami: The Golden and Golden Gates Foundation, named after Rosalyn Maurice Golden and Yvonne ScarlettGolden, will present a Rise and Shine Summer Series for youth starting June 14 at Beulah Missionary Baptist Church, 3695 Frow Ave. Details: http:// goldenandgoldengat.wix.com/ smr16.

KIRK FRANKLIN

from Page 1

Resource for legislators

FLORIDA COMMUNITY CALENDAR

DARIUS RUCKER

ROUTE 66

STOJ

Colorado River and west to Southern California’s sparkling beaches, movie industry, fragrant orange blossoms and jobs.

Iconic route It was the path of the dispossessed who fled Oklahoma’s Dust Bowl in Steinbeck’s 1939 novel, “The Grapes of Wrath,” and a ribbon of olive green for convoys of troops headed for desert training camps in the 1940s with Gen. George S. Patton. Route 66 spawned a popular television series, and two generations of musicians from Nat King Cole to the Rolling Stones recorded the song “Route 66,” making it a part of America’s musical lexicon: Won’t you get hip to this timely tip. When you make that California trip Get your kicks on Route 66.

Kept family safe Richard Mitchell paid less than a buck for the

Green Book he ordered by U.S. mail after noticing an advertisement for one in a 1963 edition of Ebony Magazine. He was nearing the end of his tour of duty as an Air Force cryptographer stationed in Turkey at the time and planning a road trip with his wife and two young children. “We left home in Pennsylvania in a two-tone green 1960 Dodge Dart station wagon,” recalled Mitchell, 84, of Albuquerque, N.M. “I timed my travel to make sure that we would roll into a safe place to stay by night,” he said. “We only had one problem along the way,” he said. “A bunch of young folks” hurled a racial epithet at a hamburger stand.

Decommissioned in 1965 Out in the Los Angeles area, African-Americans couldn’t buy a home in socalled red-lined neighborhoods. Some street corners had signs on 6-foot poles that said, “No Negroes or Orientals Desired.” In movie theaters, African-Americans sat on one side of a velvet rope and whites on the other. Some department stores handed African-American women pieces of tissue paper before they tried on hats. In 1985, Route 66 was decommissioned. It had been replaced by superhighways that bypassed the stucco wigwams, motor courts and greasy spoons with flashing “EAT” signs that helped introduce millions of mostly White Americans to the wonders of the western United States.

History lesson Armed with a Cannon 5D Mark III camera, Candacy Taylor has been documenting aspects of longdistance travel with images that can only be seen from the vantage points of Green Book sites. “The Green Book is an uplifting and powerful example of Black people standing up and finding a practical and innovative solution to a horrific problem,” said Taylor, 45, a documentarian and expert on

Jacksonville: Shirley Caesar is scheduled June 3 at the Florida Theatre Jacksonville for an 8 p.m. show. Tampa: Girls Raised in The South (G.R.I.T.S.) is hosting a fundraiser, “Recognizing Ordinary Women Doing Extraordinary Things,’’ on June 18 at 6 p.m. Honorees are Gloria Andrews, Sarah Kilker and Margarita Gonzalez. It will include a Tampa’s Business Men on Parade fashion show. Tickets: 813-731-1720. Miami: The Ninth Annual Memorial Weekend Comedy Fes-

the Green Book and its legacy. “We have a lot to learn from it.”

‘Heartbreaking paradox’ The payoff is in multimedia productions including a video she recently produced for the National Park Service that reveals what it may have felt like to venture out on desolate two-lane highways at a time when racial discrimination was in full swing. On a recent weekday,

tival is May 29 at the James L. Knight Center featuring John Witherspoon, Earthquake and Kym Whitley. Orlando: Orange County is hosting its free Hurricane Expo on June 4 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Renaissance Senior Center at South Econ Community Park, 3800 South Econlockhatchee Trail. More information: 407-836-9140 or ocoem@ocfl.net. Tampa: Anthony Hamilton and Fantasia will perform June 16 at the USF Sun Dome. Miami: R. Kelly’s “The Buffet Tour 2016’’ makes a stop at AmericanAirlines Arena on May 28. Miami Beach: Miguel performs at the Faena Theater on May 27. Fort Lauderdale: Destination Prince, featuring the singer’s music, is 6:30 to 9:30 p.m. June 4 at the African-American Research Library and Cultural Center, 2650 Sistrunk Blvd. Details: Cost: $10. 954357-6210.

Taylor explored the Hayes Motel, which she described as “an example of a heartbreaking paradox I discovered in my research.” “Many Green Book sites once regarded as safe havens for African-Americans are now clustered in poverty-stricken neighborhoods where AfricanAmerican lives are at risk.” she said. “Unless something is done soon, the Green Book’s trove of surviving properties will be lost due to gentrification and neglect.”

STOJ

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

TRAVEL

B3

How to plan a low-cost vacation to Cuba Do your research to find reasonable flights and lodging on Cuban adventure BY MEGAN CRAIG GOBANKINGRATES.COM TRIBUNE NEWS SERVICE

For the first time in more than 50 years, Americans are allowed to vacation in Cuba with few restrictions. Since the 1960s – when President John F. Kennedy instituted a full economic embargo in response to the country’s increased trade with the Soviet Union and higher taxes on U.S. imports – Americans have only been able to travel to Cuba through other countries and without the U.S. government’s official approval. In December 2014, President Barack Obama lifted that embargo for Americans in certain categories. Currently, you can visit Cuba if you’re there to see family, conduct official business for the U.S., perform professional research or participate in humanitarian work, among other reasons.

Planning tips Still, Americans visiting Cuba should expect to pay a premium for the privilege, said Collin Laverty, president of Cuba Educational Travel. Laverty estimates that an eventful week in Cuba will cost Americans $1,500 per person, including airfare, with endless options available for higher-cost Cuban vacations. According to Laverty, planning ahead is the key to keeping costs down while vacationing in Cuba. Here are some tips for

OLIVIER DOULIERY/ABACA PRESS/TNS

An American flag waves in front of the U. S Embassy in Havana, Cuba, on March 17. President Barack Obama visited Cuba on March 2122, the first U.S. sitting president in 88 years to do so. planning an affordable vacation to Cuba in the coming months. Right now, expensive charter flights leaving from Miami, Tampa and Fort Lauderdale, as well as New

York and Los Angeles are the most common Cuban travel options, according to Laverty. “Because of political volatility and other factors, the pricing is a lot higher most

of the time than you would imagine – like $450 or $475 for a 40-minute flight from Miami,” he said.

Prices should drop However, in February of this year, the U.S. Department of Transportation began the process of restoring commercial air service to Cuba and invited U.S. airlines to apply for routes. New flights could begin as early as this fall. Recently, low-fare finder Kayak began showing flight offers from the U.S. to Cuba. While most flights still have travelers flying through Mexico, Laverty says that prices should drop once more airlines enter the market. He went on to suggest that travelers play with the site’s parameters – elements like starting airports, ending locations and dates – until they see lower rates.

Low-cost lodging

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According to Laverty, travelers can expect lodging to be the most significant expense after airfare, particularly because Cuban hotel prices are listed per person rather than per room. For decades, Cubans have been renting rooms in their houses – and sometimes their whole houses – to foreigners looking for hotel alternatives, Laverty

said. However, the arrival of Airbnb in Cuba made finding lodging easier than ever. According to Fortune, more than 13,000 travelers stayed with Cuban Airbnb hosts last year, which was also the first year the San Francisco-based company offered its services in the country. “People should think about doing this for all or part of their stay,” Laverty said. “You can stay in a nice room for $20 per night.”

Travel by taxi There are several inexpensive ways to get around in the popular tourist areas of Cuba. Public buses, collective taxis – typically old American vehicles that travel set routes – and trains are all available to travelers. However, each of these methods has its drawbacks. The trains are old and uncomfortable, public buses can be unreliable and crowded, and collective taxis require travelers to have an understanding of complex routes. Additionally, car rentals, while easy, are expensive, Laverty said. His solution for travelers – particularly those unfamiliar with Cuba – is to take private taxis everywhere, even between cities. According to LonelyPlanet. com, you can expect to pay

Starting point for a vacation that’s affordable BY JEN LEO LOS ANGELES TIMES TRIBUNE NEWS SERVICE

What type of vacation can you afford? An interactive map can help you make smart travel decisions. Name: Vacation Cost Finder (www. lat.ms/vacationcostfinder) What it does: It’s an interactive map that takes your travel choices (domestic or international, beach, city or adventure, as well as four levels of daily spending) and calculates destinations in your price range. What’s hot: This is a solid start to your travel planning. Once you make your selections, scan the interactive

around 1 Cuban peso to start and 1 peso per kilometer in the cities.

Plenty of cash According to Laverty, Cuba is a country of cash, but ATM access is limited. Tourists should therefore plan to bring plenty of cash and find a currency exchange or bank. “Sometime soon, U.S. debit and credit cards will start to work in Cuba, but currently they don’t. And even once they do, few places take credit,” Laverty said. “It’s really just cash, and ATMs aren’t the most reliable, so it makes sense to bring a lot of cash with you.”

Do your research Wherever your Cuban adventure takes you, do your homework before you go. “Cuba is a tough country to navigate, so you’ll save money and time if you plan ahead,” Laverty said. “Get a sense for how much it costs to go to a nightclub, or how much a meal costs or how much a taxi costs. It’s pretty cheap once you get there, if you know where to go.” Because you won’t be able to use your smartphone once you’re there, preparation is key. “It can get really expensive if you don’t have a plan, and you just wander aimlessly,” he said.

world map and click on the pinned destinations that are within your budget. The average cost per day covers a one-mile taxi ride, three meals and one night in a hotel.

Flights not included When I tested International, Beach and two dollar signs ($150-$199 per day), it resulted in Cartagena, Colombia, for $167.79 per day; Cape Town, South Africa, for $170.10 per day; Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, for $176.09 per day; and La Oliva, Spain, for $167.23 per day. What’s not: It doesn’t seem to consider the cost of your flight. You also don’t know what kind of hotel you’ll get. These are averages based on hotel prices from Hotels.com, so use it to get a rough idea before you dig deeper into travel planning on other sites. I’d also like to see a content partner attached to the interactive map to take travel planning to the next level.

TECHNOLOGY

B4

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

STOJ

Goodnight, smartphone Powering down before bed for a good night’s rest

LEZLIE STERLING/SACRAMENTO BEE/TNS

Mikaela Espinoza, shown at age 17, talks to a friend on her cell phone while checking the Internet, as the television is on in the background. She was among the many teens who stays up late to talk or text their friends or chat online, but their lack of sleep wa sbeginning to impact their health. FROM FAMILY FEATURES

Checking email or flipping through channels instead of sleeping? Playing video games or browsing social media in bed? If you want to catch some quality ZZZs, you should put down that smartphone. The National Sleep Foundation reports nearly 90 percent of adults sleep with at least one electronic device in their bedroom. However, staring at a screen after 9 p.m. can zap your body of energy, turning you into a zombie the next day. To get a good night’s rest, consider shutting off all electronics before climbing into bed. How Electronics Affect Your Sleep Your body functions on a 24-hour internal clock. This clock is influenced by your physical environment and daily schedule. Using electronic devices around bedtime can throw off your body clock and negatively affect your quality of sleep. Light and darkness affect your body clock. Staring at the blue glow of electronic devices – computers, tablets, televisions, gaming systems and/or smartphones – before bedtime can trick your body into thinking it’s still daytime. The artificial light sends messages to the brain to wake up and activates the body. This, in turn, can reset your body clock, delaying your normal sleep cycle. Studies show that staring at bright screens within four hours of bedtime reduces melatonin, a hormone that makes you naturally tired when it’s time to sleep. This can cause difficulty when trying to fall asleep, poor quality of sleep or sleep disorders, such as insomnia. In the long run, problems sleeping at night can impact you during the day. Lack of proper sleep can lead to impaired focus at work, trouble remembering, fatigue, stress and even weight gain.

Get Off the Grid It is important to get 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. To get a better night’s sleep, experts recommend: • Spending at least 30 minutes technology-free before you climb into bed. • Reading a book or magazine in bed instead of using an electronic device. • Making the bedroom a technology-free zone (i.e., no smartphones, tablets, laptops, TV, etc.). • Using your bed for sleep only – this habit will create a connection in your mind between your bed and sleep. • Putting caps over electrical outlets in the bedroom to discourage plugging in electronics to recharge. If your smartphone is your alarm clock, set your phone to sleep mode (do not disturb function) so all calls and texts will be silenced unless it’s an emergency. Be sure to put your phone face down on the nightstand so incoming messages don’t wake you up. Power down tonight and don’t let your technology keep you from a good night’s rest. Find more resources to help you get a better night’s rest from Guard Your Health, a health education campaign by the Army National Guard, at guardyourhealth.com.

NIGHTTIME STIMULANTS TO AVOID While using electronic devices is one night time distraction, here are some other common things to avoid to get a good night’s rest:

Animals

Do not let your pets snuggle with you at night as they typically function on a different cycle than humans.

Alcohol

While it initially makes you drowsy, alcohol leaving the bloodstream wakes the body, interrupting your sleep cycle.

Vitamins and supplements

Like alcohol, taking a vitamin or supplement too close to bedtime can wake you up later – even if they knock you out initially.

Caffeine and sugar

Drinking coffee, soda or other sugary beverages should be avoided within four hours of bedtime, otherwise you may be too wired to sleep.

STOJ

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

FINEST & ENTERTAINMENT

Meet some of

FLORIDA’S

finest

submitted for your approval

B5

Think you’re one of Florida’s Finest? E-mail your high-resolution (200 dpi) digital photo in casual wear or bathing suit taken in front of a plain background with few distractions, to news@flcourier. com with a short biography of yourself and your contact information. (No nude/ glamour/ fashion photography, please!) In order to be considered, you must be at least 18 years of age. Acceptance of the photographs submitted is in the sole and absolute discretion of Florida Courier editors. We reserve the right to retain your photograph even if it is not published. If you are selected, you will be contacted by e-mail and further instructions will be given.

Sanaa Lathan will star in a new Fox show, “Shots Fired.’’ The series will examine the dangerous aftermath of racially charged shootings in a small town in Tennessee. Lathan has starred in many films, including “Brown Sugar,’’ “Love & Basketball’’ and “The Best Man’’ movies.

Corey Antonio Hawkins has been cast as the male lead in the Fox pilot “24: Legacy,’’ scheduled to debut in February 2017. It’s a spinoff of the TV series “24.’’ Hawkins is perhaps best known for his role as Heath in “The Walking Dead’’ and Dr. Dre in “Straight Outta Compton.’’

The 22 episodes that followed were a well-paced mix of silly and serious, universal and specific. The Johnsons debated the wisdom of owning a gun and going to church, dealt with Halloween traditions and a college campus visit, reviewed their spending habits and definition of “spoiled.” Deftly using flashbacks to Dre and Rainbow’s very different childhoods, “black-ish” often addresses class as much as race, and many of the situations transcend both, but Barris and his writers moved with increasing confidence into topics that more than explained the show’s title.

The ‘Hope’ show

The cast of the ABC TV show imitated “Good Times’’ characters during the show’s season finale this month.

‘Black-ish’ closes clever season with special ‘Good Times’ tribute BY MARY MCNAMARA LOS ANGELES TIMES TRIBUNE NEWS SERVICE

Kenya Barris’ decision to end the second season of “blackish” with a loving spoof of Norman Lear’s ground-breaking inner-city comedy “Good Times” wasn’t just a great idea, it was a much-deserved victory lap. With a remarkable second season that managed such incendiary topics as the n-word, gun ownership, police brutality and religion with great humor and humanity, “black-ish” has joined the Lear-led pantheon of socially significant comedies. “Black-ish” isn’t just a modern and upscale answer to “Good Times”; it’s a modern melding of “Good Times” with “All in the

ANALYSIS Family.” So it’s important to remember the widespread conniption fit “black-ish” caused well before its premiere in 2014 when no one on God’s green Earth knew What to Think of that title.

Offended at first Many Black Americans were immediately offended’ many White Americans were immediately outraged (“How is ABC Television allowed to have a show entitled ‘Blackish’?,” tweeted Donald Trump. “Can you imagine the furor of a show, “Whiteish”! Racism at highest level?”) Petitions were circulated, essays written, boycotts called

for, and white television critics (which is to say most television critics including me) bit their nails and hoped for the best. Which, frankly, they didn’t get, at least not at first. Comedy pilots are notoriously difficult — even the most beloved and critically acclaimed series take time, often entire seasons, to find their rhythm and “Black-ish” was no exception.

Smart comedy Barris’ widespread declaration that he wanted to write a show about a Black family as opposed to a family that just happened to be Black seemed initially bogged down by the broad goofiness of Dad/Dre Johnson (Anthony Anderson) as he worried that his kids weren’t “Black enough” and

poked fun at his biracial, and far more sensible, wife Rainbow (Tracee Ellis Ross). But Dre grew on you and so did “black-ish.” By the end of the first season it was a solidly funny, very smart comedy with an increasingly strong multigenerational family, including Laurence Fishburne, Anna Deavere Smith and Jenifer Lewis, that dealt with all sorts of issues through the eyes of a modern Black family.

Finds its footing Then season two opened with an episode called “The Word” in which 6-year old Jack Johnson (Miles Brown) is suspended for using the n-word while performing the explicit version of the Kanye West hit “Gold Digger.” As the family engaged in a hilarious and deceptively sophisticated debate over who can and cannot use the word — Rainbow was, for example, behind the school’s zero-tolerance policy — it became clear that “black-ish” had found its footing.

One episode ran with the stereotype that Blacks can’t swim, which Dre objects to even though he cannot; another revolved around the culture of the barbershop, and on Feb. 24, “black-ish” took its show, and TV comedy to a whole new level with an episode entitled “Hope.” Constructed more like a teleplay than a situation comedy, “Hope” follows an ongoing conversation among all the Johnsons as they watch the coverage of a hearing involving a White police officer charged with brutalizing a young Black man. Discussing their own experiences, and many actual cases, each family member, including Dre’s parents (Fishburne and Lewis), brings a different perspective — Andre Jr. (Marcus Scribner) channels Ta-Nehisi Coates. Humor is provided by the family’s attempts to shield Jack and Diane (Marsai Martin) from the coverage and the conversation, but that becomes the biggest heartbreak of all: That even now a reality of Black American lives is something from which children should be shielded. Wisely, Barris chose to air this episode in the middle of the season; subsequent episodes returned to a more signature mix of family issues—the insanity of kids sports, the drama over childcare, Dre’s concerns about money (he fears he will lose his job) and status (Junior gets rich friends) — before ending, as the first season did, with a “special episode” finale. Which in this case was just more of the same; the whole second season of “black-ish” was special.

B6

FOOD

MAY 27 – JUNE 2, 2016

TOJ

Fire up the flavor

FROM FAMILY FEATURES

Love cooking on the grill, but want to do more than basic burgers and the same-old barbecue chicken? Try cooking up some delicious grilled dishes with great tasting, all-natural Mrs. Dash® — you might be surprised how easy it is to add big flavor, with­out adding salt to your grilling favorites. Mrs. Dash bold seasonings and zesty marinades are just some of the ways you can spice up burgers, chicken and vegetables on the grill. The unique herb and spice com­binations transform an ordinary cookout into some­thing to brag about. For more mouthwatering grilling recipes, visit www.mrsdash.com. CARIBBEAN PORK KABOBS Serves: 9 Prep Time: 15 minutes Cooking Time: 10 to 15 minutes 1/2cup pineapple juice 3tablespoons Mrs. Dash® Caribbean Citrus Seasoning Blend, divided 1pound pork tenderloin, cut into small cubes 1sweet onion, cut into cubes 1red bell pepper, cut into cubes 1/2fresh pineapple, peeled, cut into cubes Mix pineapple juice and 2 tablespoons seasoning blend in a small bowl. Pour 3/8 cup (6 tablespoons) of the pineapple juice mix­ ture over the pork in a separate bowl and the remaining over the vegetables. Stir to coat evenly. Cover and refrigerate for about 1 hour. Thread pork pieces onto 9 skewers, alternating with onion, pepper and pineapple cubes. Sprinkle on remaining 1 tablespoon seasoning blend. Grill or broil for 10 to 15 minutes or until pork is thor­ oughly cooked. ­­ SALMON FILLETS WITH RASPBERRY CITRUS SAUCE Serves: 4 Prep Time: 10 minutes Cooking Time: 10 to 11 minutes 1/4cup sliced almonds, toasted 1cup water 2/3cup couscous 1/2cup chopped green onions 1pound skinned salmon fillets, 1 inch thick 2 tablespoons Mrs. Dash® Garlic & Herb Seasoning Blend 3/4cup fresh squeezed orange juice 1 cup minced shallots 2 tablespoons raspberry preserves 2 teaspoons fresh grated peeled ginger 2 tablespoons raspberry vinegar 1/4cup fresh raspberries, optional garnish To toast almonds, place in a small skillet over medium heat, shaking often until golden all over, approximately 4 minutes. Preheat broiler. Bring water to a boil in medium sauce­ pan and remove from heat. Stir in couscous and green onion. Rinse and pat dry salmon fillets, then sprinkle seasoning blend on each side. Place fillets on a broiler pan coated with non-stick spray. Broil 5 minutes per side, 5 to 6 inches from heat source. Over medium heat, bring orange juice and shallots to a slight boil in a small saucepan. Lower heat and whisk in raspberry preserves, ginger and vinegar; keep warm while salmon is cooking. Fluff couscous with fork and place equal amounts on 4 dinner plates. Lay a piece of salmon on top. Drizzle citrus sauce over salmon and sprinkle almonds on top. Garnish top with raspberries, if desired.

CHIPOTLE BURGERS WITH SPICY ONIONS Serves: 4 Prep Time: 10 minutes Cooking Time: 20 minutes 1teaspoon olive oil 1large red onion, peeled and thinly sliced 2tablespoons Mrs. Dash® Southwest Chipotle Seasoning Blend, divided 1pound extra lean ground beef 1/4cup fresh cilantro, chopped 2egg whites, or egg substitute equivalent to 1 egg 4toasted hamburger buns Sliced tomatoes, optional Lettuce, optional Heat oil in large non-stick skillet, add onion and cook until golden and tender, about 10 minutes. Stir in 1 tablespoon seasoning blend, mix thoroughly and remove from heat. Gently mix ground beef, 1 tablespoon seasoning blend, cilantro, and egg whites or egg substitute. Mix well, and shape into 4 burgers. Preheat grill to medium-high heat and grill burgers for 8 to 10 minutes, turning once. Toast buns and top with burger and spicy onions. Garnish with tomato and lettuce, if desired.

OLD FASHIONED COLE SLAW Serves: 12 Prep Time: 20 minutes Chill Time: 2 to 3 hours 5cups shredded cabbage 1cup shredded carrots 8radishes, sliced 1/4cup chopped green onion 1/4cup olive oil 3tablespoons cider vinegar 2 1/2tablespoons Mrs. Dash® Original Blend 2teaspoons sugar 2tablespoons lemon juice Combine cabbage, carrots, radishes and onion in large bowl; set aside. Combine oil, vinegar, seasoning blend, sugar and lemon juice in small bowl; mix well. Pour dressing over cabbage mixture; toss to mix well. Chill for 2 to 3 hours. Toss again before serving.

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