RANGE PEOPLE PROJECT
N A N D A N VA N C A S E
KARRA RUTWIK REDDY
PARNAVEE PATHAK
Orange People Project
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Orange People Project: Introduction
1
Nagpur City
2
Public Safety and Vigilance
3
Can Crime be tackled through Architecture / Planning
4
Nandanvan Locality
5
Project Approach
8
Project Findings
13
Crime Mapping
16
Hotspot Analysis
22
Conclusion
27
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Orange People Project
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Introduction
Introduction
Program: Observation and Action Network Fellowship Program 2020
Project: Orange People Project
Team: Karra Rutwik Reddy and Parnavee Pathak
Location: Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Orange People Project embraces the idea of public participation in the transformation of a city, which was always missing. It is done by letting people pin out on their city map. The idea was to inculcate a conversation between the people and the city, (and that’s how a liveable city of the people is possible) and letting the concerned authority know of the public pulse — to create an impact. The project touches the physical and social aspects of city but in a di erent light. A common man’s narrative of the city when transformed into an analytical map of the region, can work wonders in understanding the common urban nuances.
The project is one of its own kind, providing an alternative approach through analytical maps in city evaluation, yet a pilot attempt to make a bigger di erence.
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Nagpur City
Nagpur City Nagpur, a city famous for ‘Oranges’, hence the name- Orange city, is the second capital of Maharashtra state of India is ever growing with urbanisation. Being geographically in the centre of India, it is pulling in human settlements from cities and towns around as the government is pouring in incentives and tremendous growth in investments into the city is glorifying the place.
With signi cance, also came in is a spike in the criminal activity.
To Chhindwara To Jabalpur
To Mumbai
Nagpur
To Kolkata
To Hyderabad
CITY FOR THE CITIZENS IS INTANGIBLE.
City Evaluating Liveability of a city has a lot of aspects to deal with— from the decisions of the policy makers, to the economic stability, to the fundamental social and physical aspects of city that may or may not be measured. Of all this, Orange People Project observes that the common man of the city has a disconnect with the authority, in what he tries to express when he sees something odd happen. Many technological interventions have come up internationally and nationally, but at the grass root level such tools aren’t e ective with asking the common masses of their perception.
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Public Safety and Vigilance
Public Safety and Vigilance An important physical aspect of any city to make it liveable. The Indian Ministry of Housing and Urban A airs, launched the ‘Ease of Living’ Index in January 2018 to systematically assess the cities against global and national benchmarks. Nagpur ranks 31st in the country as of Jan 2018. Under the pillars of comprehensive development, safety and security is the category most relevant. A city isn't smart if it cannot provide safety.
Especially looking into the women and children safety, the Indian Cities have somehow failed, and hence letting people come out and talk about it can make a di erence. It is a topic that even a layman can be vocal about. Thus a survey that talks about street crimes can make an impact in the perception holistically. Community surveillance and involvement of neighbours, well-wishers and local people can never be substituted by technological and physical barriers.
Hitvada CityLine - 15 October, 2020
Hitvada CityLine - 12 January, 2021
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Can Crime be tackled through Architecture / Planning
Can Crime be tackled through Architecture / City Planning A city structure has a lot to do with creating a naturally private territory and citizen-citizen surveillance. But with time, all the settlements have become extremely private, dark streets with minimal community interaction, and a lack of public involvement with the authority to regulate and enforce criminal activity- which makes it easier for a criminal mind.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a commonly-used term for designing the built environment to contribute to a sense of safety. The four elements of CPTED are: natural surveillance and visibility; lighting; territorial reinforcement and space delineation, and natural access control.
Every crime has an intent to it. But what motivates the intent is the ease of doing it.
CREATION OF NATURAL SURVEILLANCE BY THE NEIGHBOURS, RESIDENTS AND THE BY-PASSERS
INSTILLING A SENSE OF TERRITORIALITY
BUILDING COMMUNITIES WITHOUT SOCIAL ISOLATION
PROTECTING THE TARGET SPOTS OF CRIME
Orange People Project ts right there, by asking people of what crimes they encounter and at what place in their city. Many of the concepts of CPTED are part of the Indian tradition, though they may have been lost sight of in the course of urban evolution. With modi cations, standard urban planning can address the needs of community safety and policing much better.
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Nandanvan Locality
Nandanvan Locality
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Nandanvan Locality
The locality of Nandanvan falls in East of Nagpur district in Maharashtra state.
Area
2.5 sqkm
47579 people
24236 men
23343 women
Projected gures for 2020*
With rapid urbanisation and infrastructure growth, Nandanvan has rapidly developed into a prime residential locality in eastern Nagpur over the years. Central Nandanvan has a Grid Iron Pattern planning that has led to the development of numerous of parks and open pockets within the locality.
A planned locality, predominantly residential. A single block is on a grid, but roads of two blocks meet at an absurd acute angles, majorly dictated by the Primary roads of the city plan. However the peripheries are largely occupied by the slum dwellers. Nandanvan is essentially categorised into 3 parts by the locals: Old Nandanvan, New Nandanvan and New Nandanvan Layout where in the local police station is located. Often claimed as ‘safe’ by the locals, this area has had a notorious history of multiple street crimes, thefts and even murders which are prevalent till date. Nandanvan’s name crops up very often in the crime news.
Nandanvan’s name in the news
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Nandanvan Locality
Nandanvan in Maps Slum Police Station Temples The morphology of this place is largely a grid, that rotates aligning to the peripheral primary roads of the city development plan. Road Network Map The dotted line on the periphery is where the commercial strip exists, rest is purely residential. Residential
Open Public Space
Institutional
Public Utility Building Use Map
Nandanvan is comprised of 3 wards
Ward Map
Padole Layout Hasanbagh Reshimbagh Nandanvan Limits Sakkardara Bhande Plot
Satellite Map 07
Project Approach
Project Approach It starts with the idea to analyse Nandanvan Area of Nagpur on CPTED guides to create analytical maps of the criminal activity, and infer patterns as a study methodology. While also, giving people the much need platform to vocalise, talk and discuss about their own locality of any such minor mis ts in terms of their safety and security. The aim is to foster a safer community living by instilling e orts into making a more liveable area by general awareness and factcheck.
To Discuss
To Educate
To Ask
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Project Approach
Orange People Project conducted a survey with digital tools in February 2021. E orts were made to collect answers from a cross section of Nandanvan residents & visitors. Young
Old
Rich
Poor
Male
Female
Focus was more on the people under direct spotlight — shopkeepers, workers and pedestrians where surveyed. Unanswered questions were considered a “no” answer. Also a broad-based discussion of the causes of crime is beyond the scope of this guide. Through the questions of the survey and the board based discussion, it is aimed at preparing statistical record of the responses what the people think is the right way of tackling an issue regarding criminal activity in their area. While, mapping out the areas of the past criminal activity directly from the victims and witnesses of the crime, help develop a substantial evidence based rst hand maps to deduce patterns.
Survey Scheme The Survey is conducted by going door to door walking across houses, and pitching the locals about the project, and recording a household response. Victim
10%
Witness
15%
Rest
75%
This 75% people have never experienced any crime rst-hand, but have de nitely heard of it happen.
Victims and Witnesses were asked of questions related to the crime and the setting and even to the involvement of the police and the response. While the others had a generalised survey asking them which architectural or physical or social infrastructure is needed or is the cause for any particular crime. The detailed responses of the survey and even the graphical data generated from the board based dialogue are as follows.
The team in due process of survey collection also had an exclusive discussion with a youth NGO working for social welfare talking about their experience with crime in Nandanvan. The generalised responses were also taken to the police to further substantiate the public and the NGO’s opinions by mapping the Police observations as well.
Physical Architectural
Social
To understand the intersection (that impacts criminal activity by and large).
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Project Approach
To vocalise the project Pamphlets, Banners and the ex board were all in Hindi and Marathi Languages, keeping the target (common man) in mind.
Though the pamphlets were distributed, the turn-out from them was not as great. But, the physical set up which was in the parks of Nandanvan had a good turn out, almost all of the people of the park had their eyes on the banner information, and tried their part to interact on the board to the general questions. A City-Citizen dialogue was initiated.
Do you know if any of the following crimes happen in Nandanvan? What are they? Assualt | Pick-Pocketing | Chain Snatching | Purse Snatching | Mobile Snatching | Automobile Theft | Eve-Teasing | Theft | None The idea was to educate and initiate a dialogue among the people.
What are the Major factor contributing to the crime? Poor Street Lighting | Lack of Police Patrolling | Narrow Streets | Nuisance Groups | Slums | None The idea was Spread Awareness, provoking a thought among the common masses to think of why.
What could be the Preventive measures? More CCTV | Increase in Day and Night Patrolling | Street Light | Seal Unsafe Areas The idea was to know the best measures according to the public (participatory design).
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Project Approach
Survey Questionnaire (Victim & Witness) Are you a resident in this area. No, <specify purpose of visit>
Yes
Are you a victim or witness of any crime in this area Victim
Witness
No, but read or heard — (Skips to General section)
Select a speci c crime in the list below Assault Pickpocketing
Theft
Eve Teasing
Chain-snatching
Nuisance (Drunkards, Playing cards, etc.)
None of the above street crimes Where did the crime happened? GPS location What was the time when the crime happened? Time Select the relevant options. The location was: Isolated
People were around
Dark
Is there any CCTV camera in that location? Yes
No
I don't know
Installed after the crime
Were you travelling alone on the street? (Victim only) Yes
No
What were you doing during the crime? <specify> Did you report the crime No
Yes
Why didn't you report? (If answered NO)
Was any action taken Yes, <specify>
Afraid of public humiliation
No
Didn't think it would serve any purpose
Was afraid of confronting perpetrators
Didn’t follow up
Were you satis ed by the response? Rating How often do you witness this crime? Rating What is the time of police patrolling in the area? Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Night
Don’t know
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Project Approach
Survey Questionnaire (General Section) What is your Gender? Male
Female
Do you feel crimes against women are Rating What are the factors that contribute to the crime? Haphazard planning pattern Poor street lighting Illegal residers
Slum
Lack of police patrolling
Unoccupied lands Narrow streets
Blind spots/inaccessible spots
Presence of nuisance groups
No fear of law
Other, specify
Suggest any preventive measures? CCTV Installations
Increase Patrolling during the day
Harsher punishments
Install / Increase Street lighting
Increase Patrolling during the night Seal/restrict unsafe spots
Rate how safe do you feel in your area when you travel alone Very Unsafe to Very Safe During the day
During the Night
During Weekdays
Do you know where your local police station is located Yes
No
All the responses were consolidated and analysed.
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During Weekends
Other, specify
Project Findings
Project Findings (Quantitative) Residents or not? Non-residents are from the neighbouring locality or are there for work or recreation.
YES
NO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Are you a victim or witness of any crime in this area. Majority of the respondents were not prone to any criminal activity.
Victims Witnesses None 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Eve-Teasing
Eve-Teasing
Theft
Theft
Pick Pocket
Pick Pocket
Chain Snatch
Chain Snatch
Nusiance
Nusiance
Assualt
Assualt 0
1/2
1
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
0
Victim Record
1
2
3
4
5
6
Witness Record
Time of the Crime 6-9 9-12
Majorly, evenings are more prone.
12-15 15-18 18-21 21-00 00-6 0
2
4
6
8
10
The location wasThe presence of people seems to not impact the criminal activity.
Isolated Dark People were around 0
1/2
1
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
Was there any CCTV in the location Yes No I don't know Installed after 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Nagpur police has a record of tracking down cases from CCTV footage. More Crime seems to happen where there is not CCTV.
Police Patrolling time Morning
Police patrolling happens majorly in the nights, and rarely during the day. Occasionally some other times.
Afternoon Evening Night I don't know 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Gender Spectrum of the respondentsMore ladies and the women in the household were questioned.
Male Female 34
36
38
40
42
44
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Project Findings
Age Spectrum of respondents 0-10
All ages were covered. But major interaction was with the middle aged women in the household responsibility.
11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-85 0
5
10
15
20
25
Factors contributing to street crime Slum areas, Nuisance Groups added with no fear of all is a contributing reason.
Poor Street Lighting No fear of law Lack of police patrolling Blind spots / inaccessible spots Narrow streets Irregular Streets Slum area around Unoccupied lands Illegal residers Presence of nuisance groups 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Possible Preventive Measure to tackle Crime CCTV Installations Day Patrolling Night Patrolling Install / Increase Street Lighting Harsher punishments Seal / restrict unsafe spots 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
The public is the police trust, with the request for more patrolling to added CCTV Coverage of their area.
Board Based Discussion The Board based Discussions happened with a portable standee placed in various public places of gathering in Nandanvan, along with an educative banner. This was to initiate a much needed conversation between the common man and the city. Do you know if any of the following crimes happen in Nandanvan? What are they? 12
8
4
Assualt
Pick Pocket Chain Snatch Purse Snatch Mobile Snatch Vehicle Theft Eve Teasing
Robbery
None
Assualt
Pick Pocket Chain Snatch Purse Snatch Mobile Snatch Vehicle Theft Eve Teasing
Men
Robbery
Women
The common man’s perspective of a real victim and / or being the real witness is di erent and quiet biased based on their personal notions and misinformation.
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0
None
Project Findings
What are the Major factor contributing to the crime? 8
6
4
2
0
Poor Street Lighting Lack of Police Patrolling
Narrow Streets
Nuisance Groups
Slums
None
Poor Street Lighting Lack of Police Patrolling
Narrow Streets
Men
Nuisance Groups
Slums
None
Women
Lack of police patrolling, Slums around and the presence of nuisance groups continue to be the major contribution. What could be the Preventive measures? 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
More CCTV
Day Patrolling
Night Patrolling
Street Light
Seal Unsafe Areas
More CCTV
Men
Day Patrolling
Night Patrolling
Street Light
Seal Unsafe Areas
Women
The request for CCTV and Police vigilance is what the public demands for. Highlighting that the common man may not understand the real idea of CPTED in any environmental design. (Pointing out the limitations of the method.)
Project Findings (Qualitative) About 50% of the victims and the witnesses stop themselves from reporting the crime, as reporting a crime is observed as a big task, while a persistent fear of confrontation, humiliation and carelessness dawn the moment. Not all from the ones that reported make sure they get the justice, as they consider their role to end at just the FIR. Holistically, a clear lack of publicauthority interaction is seen; building a better bond help.
Most of the criminal elements are majorly suspected to be coming from the slum area on the north and other low income neighbourhood in the east, ie, Hasanbagh. Hasanbagh carries a traditional rowdy sheeting history since the beginning and the people were once afraid of even entering that locality because of serial murders. With multiple Stories of Murders in the past and clear communal divide between the two communities of Nandanvan and the Hasanbagh neighbourhoods; the divide is clearly seen at the road in between.
“Even until 5 years ago, Auto-Rikshaws never got into the area.” -a woman aged about 35, a resident of Hasanbagh
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Crime Mapping
Crime Mapping Locations of Sample Collection Attempts were made to have the sample spread across the locality, but due to the prevalent Covid-19 pandemic, and on the request of the local police— the sample was taken only in the two-thirds of the area avoiding the slums on the northern end of the limits.
Hasanbagh
Reshimbagh
Shrikrushna Nagar
Sakkardara
Bhande Plot
0km 16
0.25km
0.5km
0.75km
Crime Mapping
Crime Mapping Locations of O ence (Recorded in the Survey) Circles denote a location of o ence reported by the victims themselves, while triangles are for the witness.
Hasanbagh
Reshimbagh
Shrikrushna Nagar
Victim Witness Assault Pick-pocketing Theft Chain Snatching Nuisance Eve-teasing
Sakkardara
Bhande Plot
0km
0.25km
0.5km
0.75km
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Crime Mapping Locations of O ence (NGO’s Opinion) A local youth organisation working in social empowerment, (team members and their stakeholders are residents of Nandanvan) has been seeing Nandanvan closely and a discussion with them led us to make such a map.
The Region marked must be the direct or indirect reason fro the crime.
Hasanbagh
Reshimbagh
Shrikrushna Nagar
NGO’s outlook of the crime location, based on their experience and FIRs led
Assault Pick-pocketing Theft Chain Snatching Nuisance Eve-teasing
Sakkardara
Bhande Plot
0km 18
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Crime Mapping
0.25km
0.5km
0.75km
Crime Mapping
Crime Mapping Locations of O ence (Police Opinion) The observations from the NGO and the public who has been the victim or witness will only be substantiated if the complaints that register with the police also more or less the same in pattern. So a map is made with the locations of o ence as per the Police general Observation over the years.
No comment as the crime could be subjective to circumstance No comment as the crime could be subjective to circumstance The Region marked must be the direct or indirect reason fro the crime.
Hasanbagh
Reshimbagh
Shrikrushna Nagar
Police opinion on locations of crime, repetitive in their records
Assault Pick-pocketing Theft Chain Snatching Nuisance Eve-teasing
Sakkardara
Bhande Plot
0km
0.25km
0.5km
0.75km
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Crime Mapping
Crime Mapping Cumulative Crime Mapping The last 3 maps (map created from the responses of the survey, NGO’s comment to the Map created by the police observation) are all combined into a single map. To understand where there is a common intersection in all the three maps and highlight them as hotspots.
Hasanbagh
Reshimbagh
Shrikrushna Nagar
Assault Pick-pocketing Theft Chain Snatching Nuisance Eve-teasing
Sakkardara
Bhande Plot
0km 20
0.25km
0.5km
0.75km
Crime Mapping
Logical Patterns Certain patterns can cleverly be inferred. Criminal Activity is observed at; Pattern 1: The roads with residences on one side or no side. (The other side could be an open ground, or a park, or even an extremely private built, with high walls).
Open Side
High Wall Side
Two Open Sides
Pattern 2: Cross Roads or Junctions become the most vulnerable spots as there is some or the other activity on all the 4 directions keeping the mind preoccupied; criminal minds leave no stone unturned to surprise the vulnerable.
Pattern 3: The ability to attract nuisance mobs, providing them ample area to spread over and create a disturbance.
Junction / Cross Road / Area Around
While they form the architectural observations, citizens (at personal front) can themselves to be a major magnet to crime by performing activities that seclude them from the surroundings, meaning- deeply involved in chatting or talking on phone or shopping in the street markets, careless of the surroundings
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Hotspot Analysis
Hotspots Map Seven Primary Hotspots of crime have been identi ed from one or more than one of the patterns, from the cumulative map. Each of the spot is further checked and analysed under CPTED to identify the problem and propose solutions if possible.
1 Hasanbagh
4 2
3
Reshimbagh
1 Shivmurti Road Shrikrushna Nagar
2 New Nandanvan Layout Chowk
3 JL Priyadarshini
Women’s College Road
6
4 Hasanbagh Chowk
5 Sakkardara
5 Ishwar Nagar Chowk Gurudev Nagar NIT
7
6 Garden road
7 Bhande Plot Chowk
Bhande Plot
0km
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22
0.25km
0.5km
0.75km
Hotspot Analysis
1. Shivmurti Road Crimes: Eve-Teasing, Chain Snatching Pattern: 1 and 3 Existing Situation: Surprisingly this is the second road to the Police Station, but as we see it is along the Public Utility land (an open park with a temple). Eve-teasing and chain snatching have happened here.
Existing Schematic Plan
Eve teasing cases are often not reported, and may be that forms the basis for the criminals to create the nuisance even with the presence of CCTVs. The unmaintained side walk area, the shade under the trees and the platform by the wall to sit— has provided for the nuisance groups to sit by and spread indignity over the liberty.
Proposed Schematic Plan
Proposed Solution:
Shivmurti Road
Activating the street with more eyes. Change in the material of the ground cover can have huge impact in the quality of space. Also by dignifying the adjoining park, to attract more people, and having a subsequent entry into the park from this road.
2. New Nandanvan Layout Chowk Crimes: Eve-Teasing, Chain Snatching, Theft Pattern: 2
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Hotspot Analysis
Existing Situation: This is the junction of an ancillary road into Nandanvan locality coming from Reshimbagh, becomes on of the major junctions of the locality. With all the stores recessed into the buildings, and various activities constantly happening on and by the road. A wide junction with vendors all over the pedestrian path, forces pedestrians to walk on the road. To Cross this junction (no tra c signal or cross walk) is a task.
Wide open new Nandanvan Layout Chowk Proposed Schematic Plan
Proposed Solution: By adding dedicated cross walks and arranging for an emergency SOS/panic button on the surveillance pole.
3. JL Priyadarshini Women’s College Road Crimes: Nuisance, Eve-Teasing Pattern: 1 Existing Situation: The high wall of the college campus over the long stretch of a road makes it unsafe (esp. girls from the college) & prone to nuisance groups to stop by and cause the disturbance. High walls can psychologically instil fear in the mind. Proposed Solution: The sense of fear is lost when there are people around, and people are drawn in when the street is active, with redeveloping a small pocket park by the wall and giving the huge wall a make over through street art can lessen the weight o the wall.
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Before
After
Hotspot Analysis
4. Hasanbagh Chowk It is where a clear separation of two di erent communities is seen. The bias is evident from the responses of the people. After visiting through the entire area of Hasanbagh, street to street, it is understood that the area is low income settlement, badly maintained, and extremely crowded with very narrow streets and almost zero land for public utility.
No Street light
Hasanbagh also has a history of murders and rowdy sheeting; leading the jobless youth to enter Nandanvan which is rather green, with ample open spaces, much wider and cleaner roads.
“Only if Hasanbagh has its own breathing spaces, their movement would be restricted to and in within their limits.” -an Advocate, aged about 40, a resident of Nandanvan
Illegal buildings
Proposed Solution: Architectural solutions may not impact here; the deep rooted cultural and traditional di erences have to be tackled at a sociological level for the common good. While Hasanbagh deserves a revamp by adding much needed public breathing spaces. Overall the area needs to be digni ed.
5. Ishwar Nagar Chowk
Narrow Lanes
Crimes: Theft, Eve-Teasing, Pick Pocketing Pattern: 2 Existing Situation: A bus stop, a couple of educational institutions, and a weekly market happens at the junction. Making it the right spot for pick pocketing. House on street
Proposed Solution: Active Police patrolling and CCTV
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Hotspot Analysis
6. Gurudev Nagar NIT Garden Road Crimes: Chain Snatching Pattern: 1 Existing Situation: Chains are snatched in the late evening as people leave the park to their houses in the streets across, the cascade of trees creates a blind spot from those rushing in from acute angle junction at the road. Also observed is the absence of ample street lighting. Proposed Solution: CCTV and increasing the street lighting all along the road.
7. Bhande Plot Chowk Crimes: Assault, Chain Snatching Pattern: 2, 3 Existing Situation: The wide junction draws in the slum dwellers in look out for a daily wage work, who pass comments, create nuisance, and even pick up ghts among themselves. Proposed Solution: Rectifying road way and optimising crosswalks. (A Higher level study is needed)
Wide and random Bhande Plot chowk
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Existing Schematic Plan
Conclusion
Conclusion The proposed methodology is not perfect for the common man, yet helps suggest that the common man needs to talk often, and help through the process of the city evolution of what he thinks of as a better picture. But, there are a certain aspects that only the people in the eld of design or construction can see, and not the layman. Such aspects may not strike the understanding. So, cross validating the site of report with on ground visit and documentation can help.
In general, the residents of Nandanvan that are in the area for over the years evidently nd their area to be safe as they are accustomed to the environment and habituated to various things. Such section many not seek for a change until given to them which will only ease their lifestyle. Multiple street crimes, each to have speci c type of setting is not the common man’s look out, he is concerned for his travel distance and purpose of using that street. The criminal is concerned with the vulnerable ends, that help ease his intent of terror. With the idea of people talking about their city to making analytical maps and statistically understanding various suggestions of the common masses; there is an immense scope of scaling and validating. As this pilot project was being implemented, it was noted that safety and security wasn’t only the only issue that the people wanted to talk about. They started conversing on road tra cs safety, street and accessibility, tree plantations, water and sewage; and various other social and physical aspects of the city. Having said that, when all of such aspects put into a map in layers, can evidently point out the patterns, and with clear understanding of the subject — probable solutions can be proposed to what the concerned authorities can quickly act upon. From a generalised opinionated data, such creative ways can bring about factual information on to the fore-front. A city level study of all the social and physical aspects can instantaneously be an eye-opener of a task.
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For a city that’s always evolving, CITY EVALUATED CITY EVALUATING
N A N D A N VA N C A S E KARRA RUTWIK REDDY
PARNAVEE PATHAK
