Controlling LEDs

Controlling LED Lighting

“I need to know if I can dim this LED…”

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Review a brief history of the LED

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Discuss advantages and disadvantages

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Describe the basic components of an LED systems

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Discuss control options and solutions

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Review a practical application for LED design

Definition: A solid state lamp comprised of a light emitting diode consisting of a semiconductor material. This semiconductor diode produces visible or infrared light when subjected to an electric current, as a result of electroluminescence.

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What are we seeing from manufacturers?

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What are we reading in the press?

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What are we seeing in legislation?

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What are we hearing from our customers?

5 million ears ago.

Early 1990’s

5 million ears ago.

High Brightness Blue LED by Nichia Corporation

White LED Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation

Early 1990’s

5 million ears ago.

2006

High Brightness Blue LED by Nichia Corporation

White LED Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation

Early 1990’s

5 million ears ago.

2008 2006

High Brightness Blue LED by Nichia Corporation

300 Lumens!

Per luminous efficacy – not per electrical watt

White LED Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation

Early 1990’s

5 million ears ago.

2008 2006

High Brightness Blue LED by Nichia Corporation

Improved production methods 90% Cost reduction!

2009

300 Lumens!

Per luminous efficacy – not per electrical watt

White LED Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation

Early 1990’s

5 million ears ago.

2008 2006

High Brightness Blue LED by Nichia Corporation

Improved production methods 90% Cost reduction!

2013…

2009

300 Lumens!

Per luminous efficacy – not per electrical watt

Affordable / Efficient /

RGB

7 Colors (X7)

White

RGBA / RGBW

Luminous Efficacy

◦ 87 – 92 lumens per watt 32 watt T8 ◦ 96 - 106 lumens per watt LED tube (32w equiv.)

◦ 13 - 17.5 lumens per watt 60-100watt A-lamp ◦ 70 - 129 lumens per watt LED A lamp replacement

◦ 200+ lumens per watt?

White LED

Color Size On/Off Time Dimming / Cycling Cool Light Lifetime / Slow Failure Shock Resistant Focus Toxicity – or lack there of!

Price Temperature dependency Voltage sensitivity Light quality Area light source Blue hazard Blue pollution

LAMBERTIAN

Controlling LED Lighting

“I still need to know if I can dim this LED…”

Line Voltage / 12v / 24v # of LED – determines the power factor Thermal issues Color options (RGB+) There is always a Driver

Controller Driver Lamp Modules and Fixtures

Controller Driver

Single unit incorporating an LED module and an external or remote driver

Driver

LED Fixture

Single Device with an integral driver

LED Lamp

Driver

Converts AC to DC Regulates operating current Integral or remote Constant Current / Constant Voltage Receives control input LED Lamp Module

LED Lamp Module

Lamp = Single device with integrated Driver Driver = Translates voltage or control signal into on/off or dimming Luminaire = Complete unit with an LED lamp or LED module and a driver (integral or remote)

The driver does the dimming Different control protocols = different drivers

Power line control 0-10v

â—Ś Source (voltage supplied by controller) â—Ś Sink (voltage suppressed by controller)

DALI DMX

Magnetic low voltage (forward phase or leading edge) Electronic low voltage (reverse phase or trailing edge) 3-wire

Source (voltage supplied by the Controller) Sink (voltage suppressed by the Controller) Multiple wire gauges are acceptable  16AWG – 800’ max wire length  18AWG – 500’ max wire length  20AWG – 300’ max wire length

Digital Addressable Lighting Interface ◦ 1000’ max wire run

 14-22awg, max wire lengths decrease as wire gauge decreases (i.e. 627’ @ 18awg, 248’ @ 22awg)

Loop= a group of ballasts in the same zone ◦ Looped ballasts can be controlled together ◦ Loop ballasts can be controlled individually Typically more time consuming programming than other digital protocols

Digital data transmission over long wire runs (22awg twisted shielded pairs or CAT5, 5e, 6) ◌ 1,500’ before using a repeater ◌ Star or Serial (daisy chain) topology

Ability to control a large number of devices either together or individually and receive feedback Typically offers a wider range of flicker-free dimming than other protocols (driver dependent) Architectural and theatrical applications Ease of programming, many technicians already understand and use this protocol

What type of LED product is/was specified? â—Ś Is that what was installed?

Which control protocol is the driver using?

What is the expected dimming range?

How many fixtures in the zone (too few/too many?)

Large installation with multiple LED products

GENERAL CONTROL INTENT

LED DIMMING CONTROL

LED DIMMING CONTROL

n Important Proejct

Right Light Design

ghting Control Intent Schedule

Zone Description a (1) CS1, (3) CS2 SP09 LED corridor ceiling wash SP10 LED corridor ceiling wash SP11 LED corridor ceiling wash SP24 Reception ceiling cove SP27 Retail ceiling cove SP29 Reception desk accent SP33 Retail shelf lighting SP36 LED corridor ceiling wash SP37 LED corridor ceiling wash SP38 LED corridor ceiling wash SP43 Salon ceiling cove SP47 Salon ceiling cove SP53 LED undercabinet SP57 Boutique LED downlights SP58 Boutique ceiling cove LG SP59 Boutique ceiling cove SM SP61 Serpantine ceiling cove SP62 Serpantine ceiling cove SP63 Serpantine ceiling cove SP64 Serpantine floor wash SP65 Serpantine floor wash SP66 Serpantine floor wash SP68 Rotunda ceiling cove SP81 Rotunda stick highlights SP82 Boutique LED wall accent SP83 Boutique LED wall accent SP87 Treatment corridor solatube SP88 Treatment corridor solatube SP90 Duet massage ceiling cove P156 Womens lounge ceiling cove P157 Womens solatube cove P163 Relaxation ceiling cove P167 Womens towel shelf lighting P169 Relaxation LED accent lower P171 Relaxation LED accent upper P179 Mens lounge ceiling cove P181 Mens solatube cove

Fixture Type SSD3 SSD3 SSD3 SSD1 SSD1 SSD3 SSD5 SSD1 SSD1 SSD1 SSD3 SSD3 SSD3 SRC3 SSD4 SSD4 SSD7 SSD7 SSD7 SSD4 SSD4 SSD4 SSD1 SSD1 SSD4 SSD4 SSD1 SSD1 SSD3 SSD3 SSD1 SSD1 SSD5 SSD2 SSD5 SSD3 SSD1

Quantity 92 45 98 55 79 7 80 88 52 25 68 69 8.5 10 88 122 20 16 16 18.5 15.5 15.5 40 35 3.5 14 24 24 24 50 48 78.5 14 24 24 23.5 48

LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF LF

1/7/2010

5/6/2010

Unit Watts

2/15/2010 2/24/2010 Zone Total

6/8/2010 Dim Type

6 6 6 6 6 1.2 0.6 6 6 6 1.2 1.2 1.2 24 2.3 2.3 12.2 12.2 12.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 6 6 2.3 2.3 6 6 1.2 1.2 6 6 0.6 12.2 0.6 20 6

552 270 588 330 474 8 48 528 312 150 82 83 10 240 202.4 280.6 244 195 195 42.55 35.65 35.65 240 210 8.05 32.2 144 144 29 60 288 471 8 293 14 470 288

LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/DIM* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/DIM* LED/DIM* LED/DIM* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/DIM* LED/DIM* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/Dim* LED/DIM* LED/Dim* LED/Dim*

LED DIMMING CONTROL DETAILS

0 - 10v Sink DMX 0 - 10v

Source

DMX via Show Controller

Regional Sales Team Application Engineering Dept ◦ Ballast/Driver Compatibility Data Base Technical Support ◦ 24/7/365

Controlling LED Lighting

Questions ?