Uganda - Kagera Basin / Rakai

Kagera Basin / Rakai Uganda CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

Site Atlas

K.Trautman/CCAFS

CCAFS site atlas

Correct citation: Sijmons K., Kiplimo J., Förch W., Thornton P.K., Radeny, M. and Kinyangi, J. (2013). CCAFS Site Atlas – Kagera Basin / Rakai. CCAFS site atlas series. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org Titles in this series aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community.

This document is published by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) which is a strategic partnership between CGIAR and Future Earth. CCAFS is supported by the CGIAR Fund, the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), the Australian Government Overseas Aid Program (AusAid), Irish Aid, Environment Canada, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Netherlands, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), UK Aid, the Government of Russia, and the European Union (EU). The Program is carried out with technical support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Contact: CCAFS Coordinating Unit - Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 21, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Tel: +45 35331046; Email: ccafs@cgiar.org Creative Commons License

This Atlas is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Articles appearing in this publication may be freely quoted and reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes. ©2013 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).

DISCLAIMER: This Atlas Series has been prepared as an output for Theme 4.2 under the CCAFS program and has not been peer reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or opinions of CCAFS, donor agencies, or partners. The geographic designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CCAFS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source.

Contents Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. iv Regional Map.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Topographic Map ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Satellite Map .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2: Climate and Climate Variability Annual Rainfall ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Annual Temperature ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Aridity Index ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 3: Bio-Physical Characteristics Altitude............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Soil Type ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Agro-Ecological Zones ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Landcover ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Landuse .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Length of Growing Period 2000 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Length of Growing Period 2030 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Crop Suitability ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Livestock Production Systems ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Livestock Density ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Chapter 4: Socio-Economic Factors Livelihood Zones............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Human Population Density ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Market Access ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19 Poverty ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Conservations Areas....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 References and Data Sources........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22

Introduction The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) seeks to promote a food-secure world through the provision of science-based efforts that support sustainable agriculture and enhance livelihoods while adapting to climate change and conserving natural resources and environmental services.

Climate change is an unprecedented threat to the food security of hundreds of millions of people who depend on small-scale agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change affects agriculture and food security, and likewise, agriculture and natural resource management affect the climate system.

CCAFS has initially focused on three regions; East Africa (EA), West Africa (WA) and South Asia (SA) to carry out its research. The 15 CCAFS sites in these areas represent areas that are becoming both drier and wetter, and are focal locations that will generate results that can be applied and adapted to other regions worldwide. In this year, 2013, CCAFS is expanding its portfolio to additional sites in Latin America and South-East Asia.

These sites serve as the initial focus of CCAFS partnership-building and long-term research activities falling within the following CCAFS Research Themes; Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change, Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk, Pro-Poor Climate Change Mitigation and Integration for Decision Making. At all 15 CCAFS sites, baseline surveys have been conducted, including three levels of data collection and analysis at household, village and organizational levels (see: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/resources/baseline-surveys).

More information on CCAFS work in all the three regions can be accessed at www.ccafs.cgiar.org To better understand the CCAFS sites’ characteristics, a list of geospatial indicators for climate variability, bio-physical characteristics and socio-economic variables have been mapped into site atlases.

This Atlas was developed for the CCAFS site at Kagera Basin / Rakai in Uganda, in East Africa Region.

IV

CCAFS Sites: East Africa

10ºN

10ºS

10ºS

0º

50ºE

10ºN

40ºE

0º

30ºE

30ºE

40ºE

50ºE

Ethiopia: Borana (ET01) Kenya: Nyando (KE01) Kenya: Makueni (KE02) Uganda: Albertine Rift (UG01) Uganda: Kagera Basin (UG02) Tanzania: Usambara (TZ01) CCAFS Country Sites

Citation: GeoMapa (2013a)

1

Topography Kagera Basin Kyankonyo ( !

Chankoko

( !

Binikira

Kyakabunga

( !

( !

( ! ( !

Lwantobo ( !

Nakaiita

( !

0°30'S

Kaianja ( !

( !

Nombi

( !

Birinuma

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kibona

Kikenene

Katera

( !

( !

( !

Nabubare

( !

Kisogo

Gayaza

( !

Kibaale

( !

Buganza

Lugage Katoma ( !

( !

Lugongo

Bigada

( !

( !

Magabbi

( !

( !

( !

1°S

( !

( !

Bale

Bukyanju ( !

Bisanje

Kabale

( !

( !

( !

Nakatogo

Bwende

Lake Victoria

Sanje

( !

( !

Kibanda

Mayanja

Lukoma

Kiswere

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Kakuto

( !

Nyakabingo

Kasasa ( !

( !

( Bugere !

Kyotera

( !

( !

( !

Kinaku

( !

Kakango

Byakabanda Manya

Kibbe

Bunyonyi

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

( !

Kalisizo

Lwqanda Ddwaniro ( !

Kakoma ( Kasesero Lugando! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( !

Lutete Banda ( !

Gombe ( !

Rakai Town ( !

Katoke

( !

Mutondo

( !

Kabumba

( !

( !

Kilembwe

Kakundi

( !

Bukeri

( !

Kabuwko

( !

( !

( !

Kijwara

( !

Mukoni

Mlundu

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Masaka

Kaganda ( !

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kunswa

Lwamagwa

. !

Busubi

Balimanyanka

( !

Busibo

( !

( !

Bizera

Biwolobo

Lyangoma

Village

( !

Lugologolo

( !

Lwamatama

( !

Kaboyo

Bukoto

( !

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Mukukute

( !

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Layantonde

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

Kabula ( !

Bulimbale

( !

( !

CCAFS Site UG02, Kagera Basin / Rakai, Uganda ( !

( !

Bugela

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

( !

( !

Coordinates of the CCAFS Baseline Sampling frame

Mubanzi

Mutukula

1°S

Bezinza

( !

Kadugala

( !

( !

Kyeibuza

31°30'E

Lwamabala

0°30'S

31°E

31.484E 31.484E 31.394E 31.394E

0.621S 0.713S 0.713S 0.621S

Sampling frame size: 10km x 10km

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

31°30'E

International boundary

Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Citation: GeoMapa (2013b)

2

Satellite Image Rakai 31°25'0"E

31°30'0"E

2011 0- 013 m o fr ag ery n Eye im resolutio id p a d R n u o r g at 5m eline ld B as o h e s H ou HB S= Survey ne B as eli illag e V = S y VB Surve line l Base ationa iz n a Org OB S= Survey

0°35'0"S

0°35'0"S

! ( Kateera B

Kyengeza ! .

0°40'0"S

! ( Kijuna B

( !

Kasesero Gosola ! (

0°40'0"S

Ddwaniro ( !

Road

( ! ! . ! (

! (

Bubba

! (

Kakumbiro

31°25'0"E

0

1

2

Kituntu

31°30'0"E

Scale 1:150,000 4

6

8

0°45'0"S

0°45'0"S

! (

Settlement CCAFS VBS/OBS village CCAFS HBS villages

CCAFS Baseline Sampling Frame

10 Kilometers

Citation: RapidEye (2011)

3

Annual Rainfall 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

( !

( ! ( !

Nakaiita ( !

Layantonde

( !

Ntarama

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lutete ( Rakai Town !

Lake Kijanebabola

( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

CONGO

( !

Nakatogo

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Mutukula

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

International boundary

750 - 1,250 1,250 - 1,750

Settlement

Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

> = 1,750

31°30'E

International boundary

45 Kilometers

Scale 1:12,500,000

0

125

250

500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

250 - 750

31°E

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

< = 250

Town

K E N YA

Lake ( !

Rainfall (mm)

. !

UGANDA

OF

Bisanje

Kibanda

( !

( !

Kibbe Bale

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

0°

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

ta fall da l Rain Annua nt Bukoba re ! .ns of of c ur olat io interp d data, ve obser ntat ive e repres - 2 00 0 0 of 1 95

Rakai MRainfall ean M onthly Rainfall Rakai Mean Monthly Distribution 200

20

100

10

150

15

50 0

5 0

Distribution

N o. of R ainy D ays

( !

Kanoni

Jan Feb M ar Apr M ay June July Aug Sept O ct N ov D ec

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

R ainfall (m m )

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

Rainfall (m m )

No. of Rainy Days

Citation: Jones et al (2002)

Citation:

Hijmans et al (2005)

4

Annual Temperature 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Nombi

( !

Rukukuru

Village

Lyangoma Lwamagwa ( !

( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Kunswa

Kiyumbakimu

Katera

Nabubare

( !

Kisogo

Lugage

( !

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Gombe

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

Katoma

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kakoma ( !

Kasasa

Kabale

( !

CONGO

( !

Nakatogo

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Mutukula

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

International boundary

20 - 25 25 - 30

Settlement

Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

> = 30

31°30'E

International boundary

45 Kilometers

Scale 1:12,500,000

0

125

250

500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

15 - 20

31°E

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

< = 15

Town

K E N YA

Lake ( !

Temperature (ºC)

. !

UGANDA

OF

Bisanje

Kibanda

( !

( !

Kibbe Bale

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju ( !

( !

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Banda

( !

Kinaku

Mutondo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola ( !

( !

Bukeri

Kabuwko

Bugere Kyotera

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Lugando

( !

( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Mweza

Kyasenya

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Rweibumba

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Busibo

( !

Mukoni

re peratu l Tem Bukoba Annua nts annual f. e repres t ure data o ! ns ra tempe interpolatio t curren ved data, er of o bs d for ge avera - 200 0 195 0

Rakai Mean Monthly Temperature Distribution Rakai Mean Monthly Temperature Distribution 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Temp. Max Temp. Min

Temp. Mean

Dec

( !

Biwolobo

Balimanyanka

Oct

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

Lugologolo

Nov

( !

Ntarama ( !

( !

( !

Sept

Layantonde

Kaganda

( !

Busubi

( !

July

Nakaiita

( !

Aug

( !

( !

Bukoto

June

( !

Apr

( !

! .

Masaka

May

( !

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

Mar

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Jan

( !

Kanoni

Feb

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Temp. (deg. Cel)

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

Citation: Jones et al (2002)

Citation: Hijmans et al (2005)

5

Aridity Index 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

CONGO

( !

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

Semi Arid Dry sub-humid

Settlement

Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

es indicat Index Aridity of dryness , tion el the lev apotranspira v e en taking unt, at a giv fall o c in c a a r into k n ow n f o n locatio

Humid

31°30'E

International boundary

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

Arid

Town

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Hyper Arid

. !

K E N YA

Bisanje

Aridity Index

31°E

UGANDA

OF

Bale

Kibanda

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: Trabucco et al (2009)

6

Altitude 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

0°30'S

( !

( !

Nombi

Village ( !

Biwolobo

Mweza ! (

( !

( !

( !

( !

Bizera

Bukoto

( !

Lugage ( !

Busibo

Lwamagwa ( !

( !

( !

( !

Lwamatama

Nabubare

( !

( !

Kijwara ( !

( !

Lutete

Lake Kijanebabola

( ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( !

( !

Kasasa

Kabale

( !

Sanje

Bigada Kiswere

Kyesimba

1°S

( !

Nakatogo

( !

K E N YA

Lake

Bwende

Victoria

Kibanda

( !

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

( !

Bisanje

( !

( !

CONGO

Bale

( !

UGANDA

OF

BURUNDI

Kakuto ( !

( !

Kibbe ( !

Bukyanju ( !

Banda

Rakai Town

( !

Magabbi

Kasese

( !

Byakabanda Manya

Lugongo

Kinaku

Bunyonyi

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Kakoma ( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

( !

Kyotera

Bukeri

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

( !

( !

Bugere

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Katera

( !

Gayaza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Kisogo

( !

Kunswa

( !

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kakundi Lugando

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Kabumba

Busubi

Balimanyanka Kyasenya

( !

! .

Masaka ( !

( !

( !

Katoke

Kakango

Mukukute

Lyangoma

( !

Buganza

Kaboyo

Lugologolo

( !

Kayonza

( !

( !

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

( !

( !

Layantonde ( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

( !

( !

Kaianja

Kanoni

Bulimbale

Ntarama

ETHIOPIA

( !

( ! ( !

Nakaiita

( !

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

Kyeibuza

( !

0°30'S

Binikira

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

1°S

Chankoko

30°E

Corresponds to the map on the left

Altitude (m) > = 2,500 2,000 - 2,500 1,500 - 2,000

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

e ates th e ind ic ea level d u it lt s A above heig ht s r e in met

1,000 - 1,500

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

International boundary Road River

0

500 - 1,000

31°30'E

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

< = 500

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: Jarvis et al (2008)

7

Soil Type 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

0°30'S

( !

( !

Nombi

Village ( !

Biwolobo

Mweza ! (

( !

( !

( !

( !

Bizera

Bukoto

( !

Lugage ( !

Busibo

Lwamagwa ( !

( !

( !

( !

Lwamatama

Nabubare

( !

( !

Kijwara ( !

( !

Lutete

Lake Kijanebabola

( ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( !

( !

Kasasa

Kabale

( !

Sanje

Bigada Kiswere

Kyesimba

1°S

( !

Nakatogo

( !

K E N YA

Lake

Bwende

Victoria

Kibanda

( !

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

Soil Type * Acrisols Alisols Cambisols Ferralsols Fluvisols

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Gleysols

31°30'E

International boundary

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

( !

( !

( !

Bisanje

( !

( !

CONGO

Bale

( !

UGANDA

OF

BURUNDI

Kakuto ( !

( !

Kibbe ( !

Bukyanju ( !

Banda

Rakai Town

( !

Magabbi

Kasese

( !

Byakabanda Manya

Lugongo

Kinaku

Bunyonyi

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Kakoma ( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

( !

Kyotera

Bukeri

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

( !

( !

Bugere

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Katera

( !

Gayaza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Kisogo

( !

Kunswa

( !

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kakundi Lugando

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Kabumba

Busubi

Balimanyanka Kyasenya

( !

! .

Masaka ( !

( !

( !

Katoke

Kakango

Mukukute

Lyangoma

( !

Buganza

Kaboyo

Lugologolo

( !

Kayonza

( !

( !

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

( !

( !

Layantonde ( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

( !

( !

Kaianja

Kanoni

Bulimbale

Ntarama

ETHIOPIA

( !

( ! ( !

Nakaiita

( !

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

Kyeibuza

( !

0°30'S

Binikira

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

1°S

Chankoko

30°E

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

Histosols

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

e soil rs to th pe refe e FAO So il Ty th as per oil gro ups group .S parent ic ation classif ed by their c n geneti fi e o d h rp re a mo al and in term s o f ri te a m s an d teristic charac l propert ies ra d n tu a c silt stru ( sand, well as s a texture , t) t. nten co nten clay c o matter organic

Leptosole Nitisols Podzols * Legend corresponds to left map

Citation: FAO et al (2009)

8

Agro-Ecological Zones 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

UGANDA

OF CONGO

Bale

K E N YA

( !

Bisanje

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Kibanda

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

Agro-Ecological Zones * Mid Altitude Derived Savanna Mid Altitude Humid Forest

* Legend corresponds to left map

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

31°30'E

International boundary Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

45 Kilometers

. !

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

es al Zon cologic of Ag ro-E the division e t e a v ic a ind at h eas th land ar aracteristics y, h c ilit similar o land suitab t l d a relate icultur ial ag r potent n and tio t. prod uc ental imp ac m n o ir env

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation:

FAO (2008)

9

Landcover 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

UGANDA

OF CONGO

K E N YA

( !

Bisanje

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Kibanda

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

Kibbe Bale

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

Mutukula

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

International boundary

1°S

Chankoko

( !

0

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Landcover

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

31°30'E

International boundary Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

45 Kilometers

th e ho ws ov er s )p hy sical Land c d (bioBukoba e h's . obser v f th! e eart an t o in cover e. d om se i. , e c du surfa n , lan o ti ta vege de an-ma an d m . s e r featu

Rainfed croplands

Open needleleaved deciduous or evergreen forest

Mosaic Croplands/Vegetation

Closed to open shrubland

Mosaic Vegetation/Croplands

Closed to open grassland

Closed broadleaved deciduous forest

Urban area

Open broadleaved deciduous forest

Closed to open broadleaved forest regularly flooded (fresh-brackish water)

Closed to open broadleaved evergreen or semi-deciduous forest

Citation: Arino et al (2009)

10

Landuse 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

0°30'S

( !

( !

Nombi

Village ( !

Biwolobo

Mweza ! (

( !

( !

( !

( !

Bizera

Bukoto

( !

Lugage ( !

Busibo

Lwamagwa ( !

( !

( !

( !

Lwamatama

Nabubare

( !

( !

Kijwara ( !

( !

Lutete

Lake Kijanebabola

( ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( !

( !

Kasasa

Kabale

( !

Sanje

Bigada Kiswere

Kyesimba

1°S

( !

Nakatogo

( !

K E N YA

Lake

Bwende

Victoria

Kibanda

( !

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

( !

Bisanje

( !

( !

CONGO

Bale

( !

UGANDA

OF

BURUNDI

Kakuto ( !

( !

Kibbe ( !

Bukyanju ( !

Banda

Rakai Town

( !

Magabbi

Kasese

( !

Byakabanda Manya

Lugongo

Kinaku

Bunyonyi

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Kakoma ( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

( !

Kyotera

Bukeri

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

( !

( !

Bugere

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Katera

( !

Gayaza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Kisogo

( !

Kunswa

( !

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kakundi Lugando

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Kabumba

Busubi

Balimanyanka Kyasenya

( !

! .

Masaka ( !

( !

( !

Katoke

Kakango

Mukukute

Lyangoma

( !

Buganza

Kaboyo

Lugologolo

( !

Kayonza

( !

( !

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

( !

( !

Layantonde ( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

( !

( !

Kaianja

Kanoni

Bulimbale

Ntarama

ETHIOPIA

( !

( ! ( !

Nakaiita

( !

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

Kyeibuza

( !

0°30'S

Binikira

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

1°S

Chankoko

30°E

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Landuse *

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

31°30'E

International boundary Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

45 Kilometers

how tion of de sc rip .I t involv es e is a La ndus ili ze the land i.e . the , ut ity le tiv ac peop tion on omic odifica to socio- ec ent an d m ent in em manag tu ral environm as h na uc . e t,s th en of m en ts vi ronm d settle ultip le built en lds an m ay be tura l fie agric ul ac e, therem pl At any he re . es , the ente d la nd us t one is pres an domin

. !

Bukoba

Forest protected

Rainfed crops (Subsistence/Commercial)

Forest with moderate or higher livestock density

Crops and moderate intensive livestock density

Grasslands high livestock density

Crops and high livestock density

Shrubs unmanaged

Agriculture protected

Shrubs protected

Urban area

Shrubs moderate livestock density

Wetlands protected

Shrubs high livestock density

Wetlands unmanaged Open Water, inland Fisheries * Legend corresponds to left map

Citation:

Natchtergaele et al (2010)

11

Length of Growing Period 2000 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

UGANDA

OF CONGO

Bale

K E N YA

( !

Bisanje

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Kibanda

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

< = 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200

. !

Town

Settlement

International boundary Road River

0

> 200

31°30'E

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Length of Growing Period (Days)

31°E

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

ing f Gro w ngth o defined e L e h T is (LGP) ys Period umb er of da h n ic e h h w t s a during rainfed r a e y in a able is avail upply for there s e r oistu soil m o wth. r plant g

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: Thornton et al (2006)

12

Length of Growing Period 2030 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

Kyeibuza

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

UGANDA

OF CONGO

Bale

K E N YA

( !

Bisanje

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Kibanda

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

Length of Growing Period (Days) < = 50 50 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 200 > 200

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

31°30'E

International boundary Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

45 Kilometers

. !

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

g ro win h o f G 2000. t g n e year The L in the Period he period r t e yea This is ) d uring th b le a ys (in d a ere is avail supply th re when soil moistu re e d h e f ; rain wth nt gro 030 . la p r o 2 f r led fo mod e

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: Thornton et al (2006)

13

Crop Suitability 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

CONGO

( !

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

Low Medium low Medium

Settlement

Road River

0

Medium high

31°30'E

International boundary 7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

Very low

31°E

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Not suitable

Town

K E N YA

Bisanje

Crop Suitability

. !

UGANDA

OF

Bale

Kibanda

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

High

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

fers to ility re b a it u Crop S resource nd the la ent that l land sm s e s ultura nt s ic a r g a ers leva consid ions with re ition t d use op logical con o c e e t c pe d agro ate ex s. im t s e itie to g activ croppin

Very high

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: FAO and IIASA (2007)

14

Livestock Production Systems 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

UGANDA

OF CONGO

Bale

K E N YA

( !

Bisanje

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Kibanda

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

Town

Settlement

31°30'E

International boundary Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

125

250

Arid /semi-arid

Humid / sub-humid

Temperate / highland

Temperate / highland

Closed to open shrubland

Arid / semi-arid

Urban area

Humid / sub-humid

Other

Temperate / highland

Bukoba

Livestock only

Arid / Semi-arid

Mixed Irrigated

. !

Scale 1:12,500,000

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

Mixed Rainfed

31°E

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

500 Kilometers

m s as n Syste duc tio st ems take o r P k c y Livest o gricult ural s s into fa ion part o c ondit ified in ic t a lim ss agro-c and are cla stoc k t ve ac coun feed and li odities of co mm terms s; livesto ck technology; s; n ce reso ur d; pro ductio ock func tion s; st ce produ use and live hic location p . ct produ ered; geogra s suppo rted on ov area c an populati m and hu

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation:

FAO (2007)

15

Livestock Density 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

CONGO

( !

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

2

5 - 10 10 - 15

Settlement

Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

sity is ck Den s Livesto d in number re g u in s a d e m inclu stock, nd sheep, of live a goats cattle, 2 m per k

15 - 20

31°30'E

International boundary

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

<=5

Town

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

No Observations

. !

K E N YA

Bisanje

Number per km

31°E

UGANDA

OF

Bale

Kibanda

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

1°S

Chankoko

( !

> = 20

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: Wint et al (2007)

16

Livelihood Zones 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

0°30'S

( !

( !

Nombi

Village ( !

Biwolobo

Mweza ! (

( !

( !

( !

( !

Bizera

Bukoto

( !

Lugage ( !

Busibo

Lwamagwa ( !

( !

( !

( !

Lwamatama

Nabubare

( !

( !

Kijwara ( !

( !

Lutete

Lake Kijanebabola

( ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( !

( !

Kasasa

Kabale

( !

Sanje

Bigada Kiswere

Kyesimba

1°S

( !

Nakatogo

( !

K E N YA

Lake

Bwende

Victoria

Kibanda

( !

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

( !

Bisanje

( !

( !

CONGO

Bale

( !

UGANDA

OF

BURUNDI

Kakuto ( !

( !

Kibbe ( !

Bukyanju ( !

Banda

Rakai Town

( !

Magabbi

Kasese

( !

Byakabanda Manya

Lugongo

Kinaku

Bunyonyi

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Kakoma ( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

( !

Kyotera

Bukeri

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

( !

( !

Bugere

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Katera

( !

Gayaza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Kisogo

( !

Kunswa

( !

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kakundi Lugando

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Kabumba

Busubi

Balimanyanka Kyasenya

( !

! .

Masaka ( !

( !

( !

Katoke

Kakango

Mukukute

Lyangoma

( !

Buganza

Kaboyo

Lugologolo

( !

Kayonza

( !

( !

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

( !

( !

Layantonde ( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

( !

( !

Kaianja

Kanoni

Bulimbale

Ntarama

ETHIOPIA

( !

( ! ( !

Nakaiita

( !

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

Kyeibuza

( !

0°30'S

Binikira

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

1°S

Chankoko

30°E

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

Corresponds to the map on the left

Livelihood Zones * Albertne Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone Urban Area

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

International boundary Road River

0

Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Cresent Robusta Coffe Banana Maize and Cattle Zone

31°30'E

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

500 Kilometers

x an d . com ple s are ty o f factors d o o h Liveli a varie ne m aps y b d shape v eliho od zo areas li hic These o grap broadly ate ge deline hich peo ple ood w lih wit hin e sam e live ess to cc th a e r g a in h d . s s inclu nd m arkets n r e tt a pa co me, in , d foo

* Legend corresponds to left map

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation:

USAID (2011)

17

Human Population Density 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

UGANDA

OF CONGO

Bale

K E N YA

( !

Bisanje

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Kibanda

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

1°S

Chankoko

( !

0

Corresponds to the map on the left

Number of persons per km <=5 5 - 25 25 - 50

2

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

lation ed n Popu Huma is the g ridd r y pe it s s n n o e s D of per r e b num2 200 5. km in

50 - 250

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

International boundary Road River

0

> 250

31°30'E

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: CIESIN (2005)

18

Market Access 31°E

31°30'E ( !

Kyeibuza

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

Nakaiita

Layantonde

0°30'S

Kaianja

( !

( !

Nombi

( !

( !

Village

Lyangoma ( !

Lwamatama Kayonza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Buganza ( !

( !

Bizera

Nabubare

( !

Lugage

( !

Kunswa

Katera

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Lake Kijanebabola

Lutete ( Rakai Town ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( ! ( !

Lugongo

Sanje

Kakuto Bigada

Magabbi

Kiswere

1°S

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabale

( !

UGANDA

OF CONGO

Bale

K E N YA

( !

Bisanje

Nakatogo

Lake ( !

Kibanda

Victoria

Bwende

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

BURUNDI

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

Kibbe

( !

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

Bukyanju

Kakoma

Kasasa

( !

Kinaku

( !

Banda

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Bunyonyi

( !

Byakabanda Manya

( !

Kyesimba

Kasese

( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

Bugere Kyotera

Bukeri

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

Kijwara Gayaza

( !

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

( !

( !

Lugando Kisogo

( !

( !

Kakundi

Kabumba

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kyasenya

( !

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Katoke

Kakango

( !

Balimanyanka

( !

( !

( !

( !

( !

Busubi

( !

( !

Busibo

! .

Masaka ( !

Lugologolo

Lwamagwa

( !

Bukoto

( !

( !

Mweza

( !

Biwolobo

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

Kaboyo

Mukukute ( !

( !

( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

Bulimbale

Ntarama ( !

Kanoni

( !

( !

( !

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

ETHIOPIA

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°30'S

Binikira

( !

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

30°E

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

1°S

Chankoko

( !

0

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

Corresponds to the map on the left

Travel time to nearest large town/city (Hours) <=5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 20

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

International boundary Road River

0

> = 20

31°30'E

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

250

500 Kilometers

eas ure e is a m rmined im t l e v Tra y dete s sib ilit rs) taken e c c a f o ou , time (h urban centre in the s n e t io r t a e la n u to the city of a p op re o r town o 0 people or m of 0 ns a ,0 e 0 5 m f t o n differe count) (taking tation into ac r o transp

Bukoba

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: Nelson (2008)

19

Poverty 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

0°30'S

( !

( !

Nombi

Village ( !

Biwolobo

Mweza ! (

( !

( !

( !

( !

Bizera

Bukoto

( !

Lugage ( !

Busibo

Lwamagwa ( !

( !

( !

( !

Lwamatama

Nabubare

( !

( !

Kijwara ( !

( !

Lutete

Lake Kijanebabola

( ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( !

( !

Kasasa

Kabale

( !

Sanje

Bigada Kiswere

Kyesimba

1°S

( !

Nakatogo

( !

K E N YA

Lake

Bwende

Victoria

Kibanda

( !

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

( !

Bisanje

( !

( !

CONGO

Bale

( !

UGANDA

OF

BURUNDI

Kakuto ( !

( !

Kibbe ( !

Bukyanju ( !

Banda

Rakai Town

( !

Magabbi

Kasese

( !

Byakabanda Manya

Lugongo

Kinaku

Bunyonyi

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Kakoma ( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

( !

Kyotera

Bukeri

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

( !

( !

Bugere

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Katera

( !

Gayaza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Kisogo

( !

Kunswa

( !

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kakundi Lugando

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Kabumba

Busubi

Balimanyanka Kyasenya

( !

! .

Masaka ( !

( !

( !

Katoke

Kakango

Mukukute

Lyangoma

( !

Buganza

Kaboyo

Lugologolo

( !

Kayonza

( !

( !

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

( !

( !

Layantonde ( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

( !

( !

Kaianja

Kanoni

Bulimbale

Ntarama

ETHIOPIA

( !

( ! ( !

Nakaiita

( !

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

Kyeibuza

( !

0°30'S

Binikira

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

1°S

Chankoko

30°E

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

Corresponds to the map on the left

Percentage of People living on less than 2 US$ per day 0 or missing 0 - 20 20 - 40 40 - 60

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

International boundary Road River

0

60 - 80

31°30'E

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

80 -100

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

500 Kilometers

ba l ed glo s truct y th at n o c t N CIE SI t s of pover tes a e data s d on estim se nt a fa b in e l r a a nation of su b y and child t li a data, mort trition at both u ln a m th niz ing recog xies for o re r are p w elfa ty an d r e v o p th an rat her easu res. m t direc

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: CIESIN (2005)

20

Conservation Areas 31°E

31°30'E ( !

( !

( !

( !

Kabula

( !

Lwantobo

( !

( !

0°30'S

( !

( !

Nombi

Village ( !

Biwolobo

Mweza ! (

( !

( !

( !

( !

Bizera

Bukoto

( !

Lugage ( !

Busibo

Lwamagwa ( !

( !

( !

( !

Lwamatama

Nabubare

( !

( !

Kijwara ( !

( !

Lutete

Lake Kijanebabola

( ! ( !

Kibaale ! (

( !

Nyakabingo

( !

( !

( !

Kasasa

Kabale

( !

Sanje

Bigada Kiswere

Kyesimba

1°S

( !

Nakatogo

( !

K E N YA

Lake

Bwende

Victoria

Kibanda

( !

RWANDA

Lake Victoria

TA N Z A N I A

Mayanja

( !

Lukoma

( !

Kakira

( !

( !

( !

Bisanje

( !

( !

CONGO

Bale

( !

UGANDA

OF

BURUNDI

Kakuto ( !

( !

Kibbe ( !

Bukyanju ( !

Banda

Rakai Town

( !

Magabbi

Kasese

( !

Byakabanda Manya

Lugongo

Kinaku

Bunyonyi

( !

( !

Kalisizo

Kakoma ( !

( !

Gombe

Mutondo

( !

( !

DEMOCRATIC REP.

( !

( !

Kyotera

Bukeri

Kabuwko ( !

Kilembwe

( !

( !

Bugere

Lwqanda Kasesero

Ddwaniro

( !

( !

Katera

( !

Gayaza

( !

( !

( !

( !

Mlundu

( !

( !

( !

Katoma

Kibona

Makano Butembe

( !

Kiyumbakimu

( !

Kisogo

( !

Kunswa

( !

Kaganda

Mukoni

( !

( !

Kakundi Lugando

( !

Kikenene

Birinuma

( !

Kabumba

Busubi

Balimanyanka Kyasenya

( !

! .

Masaka ( !

( !

( !

Katoke

Kakango

Mukukute

Lyangoma

( !

Buganza

Kaboyo

Lugologolo

( !

Kayonza

( !

( !

Rweibumba

Rukukuru

( !

( !

Layantonde ( !

SOUTH SUDAN ( !

( !

( !

Kaianja

Kanoni

Bulimbale

Ntarama

ETHIOPIA

( !

( ! ( !

Nakaiita

( !

Kadugala

Lwamabala

0°

( !

Kyakabunga Bezinza

Kyeibuza

( !

0°30'S

Binikira

0°

( !

Kyankonyo

( !

Bugela ( !

( !

30°E

Mubanzi

Mutukula

International boundary

0

1°S

Chankoko

30°E

Scale 1:12,500,000

125

250

500 Kilometers

Corresponds to the map on the left

Conservation Areas State Forest Reserve Forest Reserve Nature Reserve Hunting Zone Gorilla Reserve

. !

Town

Settlement

31°E

31°30'E

International boundary Road River

0

7.5

Scale 1:750,000 15

30

45 Kilometers

. !

Bukoba

reas ation A areas Co nserv t pro tected n e s IU CN , phic to repre g c ordin eogra that,ac y defined g ted arl dedica , d e iz are cle n l or g a o g c le re h , spaces aged thro ug to s, an and m ective m ean ervatio n s ff rm c on d other e e -t g n e lo ssoc iate a ac hiev h it re w nd of natu m services a te ec osys alue. lv cultura

1 cm = 7.5 km

Rakai CCAFS sampling frame

Citation: UNEP and WCMC (2012)

21

References and Data Sources Regional Map Sijmons K. 2013a. Digital Satellite Image based on, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ) NASA, 2009, Ground resolution : 1 Kilometer. GTOPO30, (DEM) Global Digital Elevation Model U.S Geological Survey, Ground resolution: 1 Kilometer. Topographic Features derived from: Global GIS, U.S. Geological Survey and Google Earth. Projection: Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84 Topographic Map Sijmons K. 2013b. Relief represenation derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) 2000, Ground resolution 90 meter and ASTER GDEM, Ground resolution 30 meter, NASA. Topographic Features digitized from Google Earth Projection: Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84

assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and Userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 pp.

Aridity Index Trabucco, A., and Zomer, R.J. 2009. Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and Global Potential Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Database. CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information.

Published online, available from the CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal at: http://www.csi.cgiar.org/ Altitude Jarvis, A., H.I. Reuter, A. Nelson, E. Guevara, 2008, Hole-ďŹ lled SRTM for the globe Version 4, available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90m Database. Available at http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org Soil Type FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC. 2009. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.1). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Satellite Image RapidEye Satellite Image, 5 meter ground resolution, Image acquisition, 17-01-2011

Agro-Ecological Zones Fischer, G., F. Nachtergaele, S. Prieler, H.T. van Velthuizen, L. Verelst, D. Wiberg, 2008. Global Agroecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ 2008). IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria and FAO, Rome, Italy

Annual Rainfall Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.

Landcover Arino, O., Perez J. R., Kalgirou V., Defourny P., Achard F. 2009. GlobCover. Version 2.3 Global.

Accessed at http://ionia1.esrin.esa.int/

Annual Rainfall Graph Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002.

MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and Users Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 pp.

Landuse Natchtergaele F., Petri M., 2010. Mapping Land Use at global and Regional Scales for Land Degradation Assessment Analysis (LADA).Version 1.1.

LADA Project FAO/UNEP GEF/. http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=37139&currTab=simple

Annual Temperature Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.

Length of Growing Period 2000 Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and Omolo A, with contributions from Orindi V, Adwerah A, Otiende B, Bhadwal S, Anantram K, Nair S and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the Department for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p.

Annual Temperature Graph Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002.

MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk

Length of Growing Period 2030 Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and Omolo and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the

22

Department for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p.

Conservation Areas UNEP-WCMC (2012). Data Standards for the World Database on Protected Areas. UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK.

Crop Suitability FAO-IIASA 2007. Mapping biophysical factors that inďŹ&#x201A;uence agricultural production and rural vulnerability. Food and Agriculture Organization and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Rome 2007.

Livestock Production Systems FAO. 2007. Gridded livestock of the world 2007, by G.R.W. Wint and T.P. Robinson.Rome, pp 131.

Livestock Density Wint W, Robinson T, 2007. Gridded Livestock of the World.

FAO, 131 pp.

Livelihood Zones Livelihood Zone Products. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET). Accessed at http://www.fews.net/pages/livelihoods.aspx?loc=6&l=en.

Human Population Density Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT, 2005. Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates, Edition: 3.0. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC. Online_Linkage: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v3-population-density-future-estimates Market Access Nelson, A. (2008) Estimated travel time to the nearest city of 50,000 or more people in year 2000. Global Environment Monitoring Unit - Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra Italy. Available at http://www-tem.jrc.it/accessibility (accessed 06/03/2004) Poverty Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, 2005. Small Area Estimates of Poverty and Inequality (SAEPI) database. Palisades, NY: CIESIN, Columbia University. Available at http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/povmap. ( Version 1.0) Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/theme/poverty

23

June 2013

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) brings together the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best researchers in agricultural science, development research, climate science and Earth System science, to identify and address the most important interactions, synergies and tradeoffs between climate change, agriculture and food security. CCAFS is a strategic partnership of CGIAR and Future Earth, led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

For more information, visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org and www.geomapa.nl

J.Recha/CCAFS