ARC 1215 METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWINGS NO 140, LIAN HUAT COMPANY LEBUH CARNARVON, GEORGETOWN, PENANG
DECLARATION NO 140, LIAN HUAT COMPANY LEBUH CARNARVON, GEORGETOWN, PENANG This report is submitted for the subject ARC 1215 / ARC60305 Methods of Documentation and Measured Drawings to School of Architecture. Building.Design of Taylor’s University to obtain 5 credits for Practicum 1. It is a group effort by: Leaders: 1. Ng Wei Ying 2. Teh Gie Eng
0316366 0316179
Group Members : 3.Augustine Chen Keen Hoe 0314175 4.Azrin Bin Fauzi 0317770 5.Benard Chin Tze Yong 0313355 6.Benny Tan Shiowee 0315447 7.Bibi Ameerah Peerun 0313939 8.Carmen Chee Cha Yi 0313893 9.Cheong Siew Ying 0314618 10.Chew Woan Chyin 0310797 11.Chia Wei Pink 0316971 12.Chiang Kah Wai 0311397 13.Daniel Zain Bin Mazalan 0313329 14.Dipti Gya 0311390 15.Eric Lai Yiew How 0313843 16.Esther Lim Qiu Qiu 0314322
17.How Pei Ngoh 0316929 18.Kimberly Ann 0319306 19.Koay Hui May 0317986 20.Lee Chaer Shean 0313675 21.Lee Jo Yee 0314880 22.Lee Yaue Shen 0315381 23.Liew Chung Hooi 0314126 24.Linda 0316925 25.Ling Hui Sim 0313855 26.Low Yong Ging 0313679 27.Lucas Wong Kok Hoe 0309421 28.Lydia Amalina Binti Faridan 0308714 29.Megat Khaiur Rasyad Bin Zulkhairi 0320832 30.Narean A/L Punitharajah 0315746 31.Nicole Hooi Yi Tien 0313611 32.Phua Jing Sern 0314572 33.Sen Yih Yiing 0318890
34.Soo Xiao Wen 0314130 35.Tan Ming Long 0311069 36.Teoh Hui Yu 0313701 37.Wong Voon Yin 0315151 38.Yap Wei Tyng 0314058 39.Yuan Khai Shien 0314818
Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture) January 2015 Taylor’s University Supervised by: Koh Jing Hao & Sanjeh Kumar Raman LIAN HUAT COMPANY i TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During our five days site visit to Penang, we got a lot of help from our lecturers, architect, organization as well as the owner of the shop house that we were required to measure. It is known as Lian Huat Company which is located at Lebuh Carnarvon, Penang. We would like to take this opportunity to thank and show our gratitude to each and every one of them who helped us out throughout the whole site visit. Firstly, we would like to thank both our lecturers, Mr Koh Jing Hao and Mr Sanjeh Kumar Rahman for organizing this site visit and gave us guidance from the start till the end of the project. Without their guidance, we might not be able to complete our project and submit it on time. Secondly, we would like to thank Mr Teow Sieng Nam, the owner of Lian Huat Company, who was willing to lend us a total of five days’ time to measure his shop and spent most of his time sharing the history background of his shop house with us and spent his time for an interview. We were able to understand the history of Lian Huat Company in detail. Then, we would like to thank Mr Tan Yeow Wooi, the Director of Tan Yeow Wooi Culture & Heritage Research Studio. He is an architect and he shared with us all his knowledge about Penang Heritage Shop Houses and willing to spend his time for an interview. We were able to differentiate the style of Penang Heritage Shop Houses. Lastly, we would like to thank Mr Muhammad Hijas Sahari, the Research Officer of Georgetown World Heritage INC., who welcomed us to visit Georgetown World Heritage INC. and spent his time for an interview. Through the interview, we got to know more about Penang Heritage Shop Houses and were able to get some documentaries of the shop house we measured.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY ii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
ABSTRACT
Lian Huat Company has been classified as one of the Penang Heritage Shop House which is located on Lebuh Carnarvon, Penang. It was built in year 1905, around 110 years back by Mr Yeoh family which was the developer of the land and was sold to Dr Gan Hao Cheong, an obstetrician well-known for his services among the Penangnites. In around year 1985, the shop houses were sold to Lian Huat Company and the current owner is Mr Teow Sieng Nam. This shop house was chosen as the building for us to conduct a measured drawing exercise for Methods of Documentation and Measured Drawing in our Practicum 1. In a total of 39 people in our group, we were required to measure the chosen building and document all the data . We were required to compile them into a set of measured drawings, report, video, photo book and a physical model to show the construction details.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY iii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER 1
AIM & OBJECTIVES
i ii iii iv-xiv xv-xxxvi xxxvii 1
1.1 AIM
1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 LEARNING OUTCOMES
CHAPTER 2
2.1 GANTT CHART
2 2
2.2 JOB DISTRIBUTION
4
METHODOLOGY
LIAN HUAT COMPANY iv TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
2.3 WORKING PROCESS 2.3.1 MEASURING TECHNIQUES 2.3.2 MEASUREMENT 2.3.3 DRAFTING ON SITE 2.3.4 INTERVIEWS 2.3.5 PHOTOGRAPHY & VIDEOGRAPHY
5 5 6 7 8 9
2.4 RESEARCH METHODS 2.4.1 INTERNET RESOURCES 2.4.2 INTERVIEWING 2.4.3 ORGANIZATION 2.4.4 LIBRARY BOOKS
10 10 10 10 10
2.5 EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS USED 2.5.1 MEASURING APPARATUS/ TOOLS 2.5.2 30 METRE LINEN TAPE 2.5.3 MEASURING RAIL WITH LASER RANGEFINDER 2.5.4 MEASURING TAPE 2.5.5 LADDER 2.5.6 RAFFIA STRING 2.5.7 WHITE YARN 2.5.8 SURGICAL MASK 2.5.9 SURGICAL AND GARDENING GLOVES 2.5.10 SCALE BAR
11 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 LIAN HUAT COMPANY v TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER 3
3.1 HISTORY OF PENANG
16 16
3.2 HISTORY OF LEBUH CARNARVON
17
3.3 SITE PLAN
19
3.4 LOT NUMBER PLAN
20
3.5 GENIUS LOCI OF THE SITE
21
BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
CHAPTER 4
HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE 4.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE SHOP HOUSE 4.2 OWNERSHIP
25 25 29
4.3 HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF THE SHOP HOUSE
31
4.4 STYLES OF HERITAGE SHOP HOUSES IN PENANG
33
LIAN HUAT COMPANY vi TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER 5
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE 5.1 ORIENTATION AND LOCATION IN RELATION TO SITE
35 35
5.2 BRIEF FUNCTION OF THE BUILDING STRUCTURE 5.2.1 FIVE FOOT WALKWAY 5.2.2 INTERNAL COURTYARD (AIRWELL) 5.2.3 ROOFS 5.2.4 FLOORS AND BEAMS 5.2.5 PARTY WALLS 5.2.6 SPACES
36
5.3 CIRCULATION 5.3.1 GROUND FLOOR 5.3.2 FIRST FLOOR
39 40 41
5.4 VENTILATION 5.4.1 NATURAL VENTILATION 5.4.1a JACK ROOF 5.4.1b AIR WELL 5.4.2 FENESTRATIONS 5.4.2a LATTICE SCREEN 5.4.2b WINDOWS & LOUVERS
42 43 43 43 43 43 43
5.5 NATURAL LIGHTING
44
37 37 37 37 37 37
LIAN HUAT COMPANY vii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER 6
SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
45
6.1 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHOP HOUSE STRUCTURE AND THE SPACES 6.1.1 DESIGN IDEA/CONCEPT 6.1.2 LAYOUT 6.1.3 SPATIAL EXPERIENCE 6.1.3a GROUND FLOOR 6.1.3b FIRST FLOOR
45
6.2 THE PROPERTIES OF SPACES 6.2.1 INTERIOR & EXTERIOR 6.2.2 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE 6.2.2a CIRCULATION 6.2.2b LAYOUT AFFECTING VISUAL EXPERIENCE 6.2.2c ACOUSTICS
55 55 57 57 58 59
46 47 48 48 51
CHAPTER 7
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIMES 7.1 ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE TO STYLES AND TIME 7.1.1.”SOUTHERN CHINESE” ECLECTIC STYLE (1840S-1910S)
60 60 61 LIAN HUAT COMPANY viii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7.1.1a TERRACOTTA ROOF TILES 7.1.1b TIMBER WINDOWS WITH IRON BARS 7.1.1c LOAD BEARING WALL 7.1.1d TERRACOTTA FLOOR TILES 7.1.1e WOODEN LOUVERED SHUTTER WINDOWS 7.1.1f CHINESE CERAMIC AIR VENTS 7.1.1g BALUSTRADE
61 61 61 62 62 62 62
7.1.2 “EARLY STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1890S-1910S) 7.1.2a PLASTER ARCHES WITH CENTRAL KEYSTONE 7.1.2b GEOMETRIC PATTERN CLAY FLOOR TILES 7.1.2c ROW RIDGE WITH A VARIETY OF CHINESE GABLE END
63 63 63 63
7.1.3 “LATE STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1910S-1930S) 7.1.3a THREE DIMENSIONAL DECORATIVE PLASTER WALL 7.1.3b AIR VENTS 7.1.4 “ART DECO STYLE (1930S-1960S)
64 64 64
7.1.4 “ART DECO STYLE (1930S-1960S) 7.1.4a GLAZED CASEMENT WINDOWS 7.1.4b ALUMINIUM FRAMED PANEL DOOR 7.1.4c SHANGHAI PLASTER WALL FINISH 7.1.4d EXTERIOR COLUMNS WITH RELIEF WRITING
65 65 65 65 65
LIAN HUAT COMPANY ix TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7.1.5 “EARLY MODERN STYLE (1950S-1970S) 7.1.5a CORRUGATED PERSPEX ROOFING 7.1.5b ASBESTOS ROOFING SHEET
67 67 67
7.2 BUILDING MATERIALS IN ACCORDANCE TO STYLES AND TIMES
68
7.3 EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE 7.3.1 FIRST OWNER – MR. YEOH (1881s) 7.3.2 SECOND OWNER – DR. GAN HAO CHEONG (1905s) 7.3.3 CURRENT OWNER – MR. TEOW SIENG NAM (1985s)
70 71 72 73
CHAPTER 8
MATERIALS & BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 8.1 TYPES OF MATERIALS USED 8.1.1 TRADITIONAL MATERIALS 8.1.1a TIMBER 8.1.1b CLAY 8.1.1c LIME 8.1.1d STONE 8.1.2 MODERN MATERIALS 8.1.2a CEMENT 8.1.2b ZINC SHEETS 8.1.2c STEEL 8.1.2d CORRUGATED PERSPEX
75 76 76 76 77 77 77 78 78 79 79 79 LIAN HUAT COMPANY x TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8.2 MATERIAL HANDLING TECHNIQUES 8.2.1 ROOF CONSTRUCTION 8.2.2 GROUND FLOOR SLAB CONSTRUCTION 8.2.3 FIRST FLOOR SLAB CONSTRUCTION 8.2.4 WALL CONSTRUCTION
80 80 81 82 83
8.3 CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS 8.3.1 GROUND FLOOR 8.3.1a EXTERIOR COLUMNS (SHANGHAI PLASTER & RELIEF WRITING) 8.3.1b FRONT DOOR (ALUMINIUM FRAMED GLASS) 8.3.1c 3-DIMENSIONAL DECORATION (PLASTER) 8.3.1d DECORATIVE ENCAUSTATIC FLOOR TILES (CLAY) 8.3.1e GRANITE PAVEMENTS 8.3.1f TOILET WALL (CONCRETE)
84 84 84 84 85 85 86 86
8.3.2 FIRST FLOOR 8.3.2a GLAZED CASEMENT WINDOWS (STEEL FRAME WITH GLASS) 8.3.2b CEILING (ASBESTOS) 8.3.2c AIRWELL ROOFS (CORRUGATED PERSPEX) 8.3.2d WOODEN PARTITION WITHN LATTICE SCREEN (TIMBER) 8.3.2e LATTICE SCREEN 8.3.2f STAIRCASE (TIMBER) 8.3.2g BALUSTRADE - STAIRCASE I (TIMBER) 8.3.2h BALUSTRADE – STAIRCESE II (TIMBER)
87 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xi TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER 9
BUILDING DEFECTS & DILAPIDATIONS
9.1 DEFECTS AND PROBLEMS 9.1.1 FLOOR SLAB SETTLEMENT (CRACKING) 9.1.2 BULDING WALL 9.1.3 CORROSION OF STEEL 9.1.4 DEFECTIVE PLASTER RENDERING 9.1.5 TIMBER DETERIORATION (DRY ROT) 9.1.6 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY 9.1.7 EFFLORESCENCE
CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11
REFERENCES & APPENDICES 11.1 REFERENCES
11.2 INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT 11.2.1 MR. TEOW SIENG NAM 11.2.2 MR. MUHAMMAD HIJAS SAHARI 11.2.3 MR. TAN YEOW WOOI 11.3 DRAWINGS / SKETCHES OF THE BUILDING
91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95
96
97 98 99 99-131 132-144 145-177 178-181 LIAN HUAT COMPANY xii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
11.4 ABSTRACTS FROM BOOKS/NEWSPAPER/MAGAZINES/LEAFLETS 11.5 GLOSSARY 11.6 PHOTOBOOK
182-184 185 186-221
CHAPTER 12
SCALED DRAWINGS
12.1 KEY PLAN, LOCATION PLAN, SITE PLAN WITH ROOF & STREET ELEVATION 12.2 SITE SECTION 12.3 FLOOR PLANS 12.4 REFLECTED CEILING PLANS 12.5 ROOF PLAN 12.6 FRONT ELEVATION 12.7 Y SECTIONS: 12.7.1 Y1 12.7.2 Y2 12.8 X SECTIONS: 12.8.1 X1, X2, X3 12.8.2 X4, X5, X6 12.8.3 X7, X8, X9 12.8.4 X10, X11 LIAN HUAT COMPANY xiii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
12.9 EXPLODED ISONOMETRIC 12.10 DOORS & WINDOW SCHEDULE 12.11 CONSTRUCTIONS DETAILS 12.11.1 JACK ROOF DETAIL DRAWING 12.11.2 STAIRCASE DETAIL DRAWING 12.12 ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS 12.12.1 FLOOR TILES DETAIL DRAWING 12.12.2 CERAMIC VENTILATION BLOCK DETAIL DRAWING & COLUMNS DETAIL DRAWING 12.13 DECORATIVE ELEMENTS 12.13.1 LATTICE SCREEN DETAIL DRAWING 12.13.2 ARCHES DETAIL DRAWING
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xiv TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGES Figure 1: Measuring The Balustrade Using A Measuring Tape Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
5
Figure 2:
Measuring The Small Gap Between The Door Using A Ruler Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
5
Figure 3:
Measuring The Arc With The Help Of Ladder Using Measuring Tape Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
6
Figure 4:
Members Recording Measurements Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
6
Figure 5: Setting Up A Table To Draft On Site Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 Figure 6: Discussion On Site Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
7
Figure 7:
8
Interviewing The Owner Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
7
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xv TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 8:
Interviewing Representive Of Georgetown World Heritage INC. Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8
Figure 9:
Members From Media Team Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
9
Figure 10: Using Measuring Tape To Take Precise Measurements Of Balustrade Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
11
Figure 11: Laser Measuring Tool Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
12
Figure 12: 30 Meter Linen Tape Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
12
Figure 13: Measuring Rail Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
12
Figure 14: Measuring Tape Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
13
Figure 15: Ladder Source: http://www.msegrip.com/matthews-ladders.html
13 LIAN HUAT COMPANY xvi TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 16: Raffia String Source: http://www.premium.com.sg/catalog/index.php?cPath=2_70&osCsid=jh54s 0nvph2opr055uh47mj6c1
14
Figure 17: White Yarn Source: https://www.etsy.com/market/natural_white_yarn
14
Figure 18: Surgical Mask Source: http://everbella.com/50x-3-PLY-Ear-loop-Surgical-mask-flu-dust-face-mask blu-P1937981.aspx
14
Figure 19: Surgical And Gardening Gloves Source: www.chillingtontoolsonline.co.uk
15
Figure 20: Scale Bar Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
15
Figure 21: Penang Roof Top View Towards Komtar Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
16
Figure 22: Lebuh Carnarvon Road Sign Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
17
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xvii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 23: Lebuh Carnarvon 17 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 Figure 24: Row Of Shophouse At Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
18
Figure 25: North-East Zone Of Penang Island And Indication Of The Site With Red Circle Source: Google Map
19
Figure 26: Site Plan Showing The Location Of The Site Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 Figure 27: Lot Number Plan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
19
Figure 28: Crossroad Of Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
21
Figure 29: Carnarvon Wet Market Located At The T-Junction Of Lebuh Campbell And Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
22
Figure 30: Local Kuih Stall At Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
22
20
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xviii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 31: Bus Stop At Lebuh Carnarvon, Situated Just Beside Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
23
Figure 32: The Lack Of Pedestrian Footbridge At Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
23
Figure 33: Cleaning Of Street Operated By The Janitors From The Local Authority, MPPP Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
24
Figure 34: The Extra Walkway Paved By The Government Between The Five-Foots And The Road Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
24
Figure 35: Lian Huat Company Shop House Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
25
Figure 36: Old Shop Houses In Georgetown Source: http://www.businesstraveller.asia/asia-pacific/archive/2009/december-2009/ destinations/made-in-penang
26
Figure 37: Windows Of Different Shop Houses Styles Source: Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflets
27
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xix TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 38: Lease Agreement Of The Land Bought By The Son Of Dr. Gan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
28
Figure 39: Mr.Teow Sieng Nam, Current Owner Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
29
Figure 40: 1881 : Land Lease Agreement Signed By The Yeoh Family Members Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
32
Figure 41: 1905 : Clinical Equipments Used By Dr.Gan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
32
Figure 42: 1985 Till Date : Worker Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
32
Figure 43: Top View Of Lian Huat Company As A Row Of Shop House Facing Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
35
Figure 44: Vacant Space At Second Floor First Hall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
36
Figure 45: Paper Storage At First Airwell Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
36 LIAN HUAT COMPANY xx TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 46: Frontal Approach Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
39
Figure 47: First Floor Floor Plan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 48: Stairs Access To The Second Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 49: Entrance To Airwell 2 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 50: Entrance To Airwell 1 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 51: Main Entrance Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 52: Locked Door To The Last Storage Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 53: Toilet Door Located At The Rear Courtyard Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxi TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 54: Entrance To Airwell 3 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 55: Toilet Door Loacted At Airwell 1 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
40
Figure 56: Second Floor Floor Plan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
Figure 57: Stairs To The Second Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
Figure 58: Walkway That Connects Second And First Hall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
Figure 59: Entrance To The First Hall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
Figure 60: Entrance To The Balcony Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
Figure 61: Entrance To Kitchen At Rear Courtyard Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 62: Walkway To The Rear Courtyard Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
Figure 63: Door To The Walkway At The Back Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
41
Figure 64: Section Shows Ventilation Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
42
Figure 65: Natural Lighting On Second Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
44
Figure 66: Section Shows Natural Lighting Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
44
Figure 67: Diagram Illustrating The Space Layout Of A Traditional Shop House Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
47
Figure 68: First Hall, Ground Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
48
Figure 69: Airwell 1, Ground Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
48
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxiii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 70: Hall 2, Ground Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
49
Figure 71: Airwell 2 And Hall 3, Ground Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
49
Figure 72: Airwell 3 And Hall 4, Ground Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
50
Figure 73: Rear Court, Ground Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
50
Figure 74: Room 1, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 75: Room 2, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
51
Figure 76: Airwell 1, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
52
Figure 77: Room 3 , First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
52
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxiv TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 78: Airwell 2, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
53
Figure 79: Corridor, Room 4 And 5, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
53
Figure 80: Room 6 And Airwell 3, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
54
Figure 81: Kitchen, Bathroom And Terrace, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
54
Figure 82: Section Showing The Interiors And Exteriors Of The Shop House Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
55
Figure 83: Each Unit Of The Shop House Is Built Adjacent To Each Other To Form A Row Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
55
Figure 84: Diagram Indicating Private, Semi-private And Private Spaces Based On Circulation Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 85: Diagram Indicating Visually Private, Semi-private And Private Spaces Based On Visual Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
58
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxv TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 86: Lian Huat Company Shophouse Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 87: Perspective View Of Airwell 2 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 88: Terracotta Roof Tile Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 89: Windows Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 90: Wall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 91: Terracotta floor tiles Source: http://malaccatownhouse.blogspot.com/p/melaka-town-house_2.html
62
Figure 92: Windows Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 93: Air Vents Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
62
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxvi TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 94: Balustrade Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 95: Airwell 1 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 96: Arch Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 97: Floor Tiles Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 98: Roof Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 99: Hall 2 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 100: Decorative wall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 101: Air Vents Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
64
LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxvii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 102: Front Facade Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 103: Glazed Windows Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 104: Front Door Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 105: Wall Finish Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 106: Exterior Columns Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 107: Roof Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 108: Perspex Roofing Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 109: Asbestos Roof Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxviii TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 110: Modification Of Shop House By First Owner (Mr. Yeoh) Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
70
Figure 111: Modification Of Shop House By Second Owner (Dr. Gan) Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
70
Figure 112: Modification Of Shop House By Third Owner (Mr. Teow) Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 113 :Front Facade Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 114: Arch Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 115: 3-Dimensional Plaster Decoration Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 116: Airwell 2 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 117: Jack Roof Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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LIAN HUAT COMPANY xxix TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 118: Floor Tiles Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 119: Front Facade Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 120: Exterior Column Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 121: Front Door Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 122: Asbestos Roofing Sheet Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 123: Glazed Casement Window Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 124: Corrugated Perspex Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 125: Rear Terrace Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 126: Collage Image Of Different Materials Source: http://www.tgbuildings.co.uk/workshops/style-a
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Figure 127: Roof Truss Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 128: Floor Tiles Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 129: First Floor Room 1 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 130: Stone Corbel Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 131: Wall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 132: Roof Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 133: Railings Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 134: Airwell Roof Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 135: Roof Construction Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
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Figure 136: Ground Floor Slab Construction Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
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Figure 137: First Floor Slab Construction Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
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Figure 138: Wall Construction Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
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Figure 139: Exterior Column Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 140: Front Door Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 141: Arches Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 142: Floor Tiles Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 143: Granite Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 144: Airwell 2 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 145: Floor Tiles Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 146: Ceiling Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 147: Airwell Roofing Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 148: Wooden Partition With Lattice Screen Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 149: Lattice Screen Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 150: Wooden Staircase Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 151: Wooden Staircase Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 152: Balustrade Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 153: Wall Defects Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 154: Cracking Of Floor Slab Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 155: Bulging Wall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 156: Corrosion Of Steel Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 157: Defective Plaster Rendering Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 158: Dry Rot On Timber Door Frame Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 159: Dried Birds Faeces On Partition Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 160: Crystalline Deposit On Wall Surface Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Figure 161: Genius Loci Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 ( LEE CHAER SHEAN )
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Figure 162: Poetic Quality Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 (LUCAS WONG KOK HOE)
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Figure 163: Cultural Attributes Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 ( LINDA )
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Figure 164: Construction & Technical Details Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 ( LEE CHAER SHEAN )
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Figure 165: Timber Leaflet Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PAGES Figure 166: Stone Leaflet Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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Figure 167: Clay Leaflet Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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Figure 168: Lime Leaflet Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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Figure 169: Heritage Shop House Features & Styles Leaflet Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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Figure 170: Georgetown Special Area Plan E Book Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLES PAGES Table 1:
Gantt Chart Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
2-3
Table 2:
Elaborations On The Exterior Space Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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Table 3:
Elaborations On Building Materials In Accordance to Styles And Time Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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1. AIM & OBJECTIVES 1.1 Aim
1.3 Learning Outcomes
The aim of this measured drawing is to document the architectural and cultural significants of No. 140, Lebuh Carnarvon.
This course has given us an insight into the work being of an architect. During the period of this course, we have learnt several standard architectural techniques used in measured drawings, record drawings and as-built drawings to preserve an accurate representation of the historical structures. Along with learning to record measurements, we have also learnt to adaptively categorise the type of architectural historic structure on site. After recognising the structure, we learned to implement an array of documentation methods, ranging from interviews, brochures to self-research. We were introduced to several equipments, specific for the purpose of documenting the measurements of the building and hands-on measurement, we have learnt to use several equipment that we were not familiar with before. We progressively learned more efficient ways of recording measurements by distributing the work correspondingly to develop more efficient results. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 1
1.2 Objectives Our main objectives of the site visit are to produce a complete set of drawing based on No. 140, Lebuh Carnavon. In addition, we are to document the cultural and architecture significance of Lian Huat shop house in comparison to the other shop houses in Lebuh Carnavon. We are also to include the existing building construction techniques analysis in the documented report.
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2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Gantt Chart Table 1 shows the gantt chart of our working progress:
Table 1: Gantt Chart
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2&3
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2.2 Job Distribution
INTERVIEWS & REPORT
DIGITAL 3D MODEL
PHYSICAL MODEL MAKING
Lee Jo Yee Teh Gie Eng Cheong Siew Ying Lee Chaer Shean Benny Tan Shiowee Koay Hui May Nicole Hooi Yi Tien Megat Khairur Rasyad Zulkhairi Ling Hui Sim Daniel Zain Bin Mazalan Lucas Wong Kok Hoe Kimberly Ann Ngieng Pei Sing Soo Xiao Wen Low Yong Ging Augustine Chen Keen Hoe Carmen Chee Cha Yi Narean A/L Punitharajah Dipti Gya Esther Lim Qiu Qiu Lydia Amalina Binti Faridan Wong Voon Yin Yuan Khai Shien Linda
MEASURE DRAWING
Liew Chung Hooi Benard Chin Tze Yong How Pei Ngoh Chew Woan Chyin Ng Wei Ying Tan Ming Long Chiang Kah Wai Yap Wei Tyng Lee Yaue Shen Teoh Hui Yu Sen Yih Ying Chia WeiPink Azrin Bin Fauzi Lucas Wong Kok Hoe Eric Lai Yiew How Bibi Ameerah Peerun Linda
VIDEO
PHOTOBOOK
Phua Jing Sern Yuan Khai Shien
Phua Jing Sern Yuan Khai Shien
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2.3 Working Process
2.3a Measuring Techniques Taking measurements of building structures on site is one of the key objectives of this project. Measuring involves the use of equipment to record dimensions as accurately possible. These measuring equipments include: measuring tape, ruler, laser measuring tool, etc. When measuring, various techniques are used to ensure the precision necessary to record accurate measurements. A common technique implementation to take a picture of a measuring tape or ruler placed beside the desired structure. This provides a scale for reference during model making and drafting,thus ensuring proper visualisation of the size of the structure.
Figure 1: Measuring The Balustrade Using A Measuring Tape Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
One of the biggest utilities in assisting us to accurately measure is the laser measuring tool. The tool functions like a remote and is used to measure the height of spaces with ease and areas that were too dangerous for students to climb. All students were put together into a group consisting of two to four people (depending on the size and area to be covered) and were assigned to a specific space to ensure maximum efficiency when measuring and documenting. Figure 2: Measuring The Small Gap Between The Door Using A Ruler Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2.3b Measurement After successfully obtaining the measurements, it was recorded into formatted A4 sized butter papers which include a title, date, name and remarks. The measurements were recorded using three different coloured pens which are used to indicate three important components to an organised drawing. The three categories include red for measurements, black for drawing lines and blue for annotations (to ensure others can easily identify the measurements and lines). Figure 3: Measuring The Arc With The Help Of Ladder Using Measuring Tape Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 4: Members Recording Measurements
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2.3c Drafting on site Drafting was done on site by a few who are adept in AutoCAD in order to improve the overall progress and to create a general layout of each space. As they draft, we were able to quickly realise the missing measurements. As a result, this ensured that we have a more comprehensive measurement and outcome.
Figure 5: Setting Up A Table To Draft On Site
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 6: Discussion On Site
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2.3d Interviews Interviews were carried out by members of the report team to obtain specific information that cannot be found online or in printed books. The interviewees were the owner of Lian Huat Company (Mr.Teow Sieng Nam), a representative from Georgetown World Heritage Inc. (Mr.Muhammad Hijas) and an architect (Architect Tan Yeow Wooi). specialized in heritage builidngs. The objective of interviewing each person varies accordingly. The owner was interviewed to give us more information about the building history and its previous owners. The representative of Georgetown World Heritage INC. was interviewed to obtain more knowledge about the history of the building, the street and the surrounding. Finally, the architect was interviewed regarding the different architecture styles and elements found on our site. Whilst interviewing, we recorded the interviewee’s voice for reference.
Figure 7: Interviewing The Owner Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 8: Interviewing Representive Of Georgetown World Heritage INC. Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2.3e Photography & Videography Photographs and videos of the site and its surrounding were taken by members who were more experienced in the field of photography and video editing. The photos and videos to be used for video making, to create photobooks, in reports and drawings.
Figure 9: Members From Media Team
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2.4 Research Methods 2.4.1 Internet resources We searched the basic information from dependable internet resources such online newspaper articles, traveling/research blogs, tourist websites, archives and journals. 2.4.2 Interviewing The more detailed technical and historical information about the place is obtained through interview. Architect Tan Yeow Wooi was interviewed to answer questions about architecture history and technical aspects. The owner of Lian Huat Company was interviewed to obtain more information about the history of the family run business in the building throughout the years and the timeline of changes in the builidng. 2.4.3 Organization Georgetown World Heritage Inc. is the organization that we decided to approach. The team at Georgetown World Heritage INC. is made up of individuals with detailed knowledge about the backgrounds in urban planning, architecture, conservation, heritage/cultural management, and education. We consulted to them on official information such as laws and regulations. 2.4.4 Library books The university library is a good resource center to look up for scientific research papers, history books, travel guides and also multimedia information regarding Penang Island.
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2.5 Equipments And Instruments Used
In order to obtain accurate measurements, there are several types of equipment that can be used, each one having their own unique function to be utilised in different occasions. These equipments include measuring tape, 30 metre linen tape, measuring rail with laser rangefinder, digital measuring devices, ladder, scale bar, raffia string, mask, latex and gardening gloves, white yarn and a scale bMr. Besides measuring equipment, DSLR cameras were used to capture photos and document videos of the entire building.
Figure 10: Using Measuring Tape To Take Precise Measurements Of Balustrade Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2.5.1 Measuring Apparatus/Tools Digital measuring devices provide the most accurate measurement unit among the entire measuring equipment by offering true laser light which is capable of measuring up to 80 meters. It is usually used to measure great distances, for example, wall to wall or floor to ceiling. It is used often throughout our on-site measuring work especially measuring inaccessible features that were beyond human reach or too dangerous be measured manually.
Figure 11: Laser Measuring Tool
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
2.5.2 30 Metre Linen Tape The 30 metre linen tape is usually used to measure long features where it cannot be measured with measuring tapes. On site, we use this tape to measure the context when we are documenting the length of the site context. It is also used when measuring tapes are too stiff to be used when measuring structures in curved surfaces.
Figure 12: 30 Meter Linen Tape
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
2.5.3 Measuring Rail With Laser Rangefinder Measuring rail with laser rangefinder works the same as digital measuring devices to provide precise measurements. It has a range of up to 80 meters which is identical to the laser measuring tool.
Figure 13 : Measuring Rail
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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2.5.4 Measuring Tape Measuring tapes are also known as tape measures. It is the basic measuring equipment among the other measuring equipment. It is a long retractable tape made of a long, thin and slender metallic strip which contained different measurement units. Usually it is used to measure the length of floors, walls, and furnitures. The range may vary depending on brand or types. The average measuring tape can measure up to 8 meters.
Figure 14: Measuring Tape
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
2.5.5 Ladder Ladders make the measuring work easier especially with measuring structures that are elevated or measuring distances in height. It was often used on site because there are a number of instances where height measuring work needed as the shop house is more elevated in height than in width. Figure 15: Ladder
Source: http://www.msegrip.com/matthews-ladders.html
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2.5.6 Raffia String Raffia string works the same as white yarn. The only difference is that it is usually used to measure big irregular features such as columns of the buildings.
Figure 16: Raffia String
Source: http://www.premium.com.sg/catalog/index.php?cPath=2_70&osCsid=jh54s0nvph2opr055uh47mj6c1
2.5.7 White Yarn White yarn categorized as one of the measuring equipment because it was used to measure round or irregular features especially small and tiny features or ornaments where a raffia string is not suitable to be used. Figure 17: White Yarn
Source: https://www.etsy.com/market/natural_white_yarn
2.5.8 Surgical Mask Surgical masks are needed on site when measuring to prevent dust or any bacteria inhalation as old shop houses are dusty. It is categorized under the requirement of ‘Personal Protective Equipment’ (PPE). During our on-site measuring, everyone was encouraged to wear a surgical mask and was given one every day before starting their work.
Figure 18: Surgical Mask
Source: http://everbella.com/50x-3-PLY-Ear-loop-Surgical-mask-flu-dust-face-maskblu-P1937981.aspx
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2.5.9 Surgical And Gardening Gloves Surgical and gardening gloves are also categorized under PPE and were similarly encouraged to be worn on site. They are needed to protect ourselves from being cut by sharp objects and are used to prevent incidents from happening.
Figure 19: Surgical And Gardening Gloves Source: www.chillingtontoolsonline.co.uk
2.5.10 Scale Bar This scale bar was marked in scale of 1:1. It is used first used by placing it beside the designated feature then capture a picture with a camera to determine the scale of the particular feature. In this case, it makes drawing easier as they can identify the scale of the particular feature easily via photos.
Figure 20: Scale Bar
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 15 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE 3.1 History Of Penang Known as the Pearl of the Oriental, Penang’s history can be traced back to the 16th century when it was first discovered by the Portuguese and its rising development to becoming a part of Malaysia in 1963. The name Pulau Pinang (Penang Island) was given due to the abundance of ‘pinang’ or betel nut palm found on the island. The capital of the state Penang, George Town, has the oldest municipal history in the country and was awarded a City status by the Royal Charter on the 1st January 1957. In 2008, UNESCO listed Georgetown as a World Heritage Site due to the many well-conserved traditional shop houses. These shop houses play an important role in contributing to the finding of the origins/historical culture of the island, establishing and embracing the culture of the city, as well as providing natural tourist attractions to develop the social status of Penang and the identity of Malaysia itself. (Hijas, 2015)
Figure 21: Penang Roof Top View Towards Komtar Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 16 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
3.2 History Of Lebuh Carnarvon
The name ‘Lebuh Carnarvon’ was named after the 4th Earl of Carnarvon, Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert who lived from 1831 to 1890. Before the given name, it was formerly known as Lam-Chan-Na, meaning poor quality swamp fields. The street is 700 meters long from the junction of Chulia Street stretching towards KomtMr. Through an interview with the George Town Heritage Inc., Mr.Muhammad Hijas, the Built Environment & Monitoring Research Officer, we have gained an insight on the history of the origins of Lam-Chan-Na. (Hijas, 2015)
Figure 22: Lebuh Carnarvon Road Sign
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 23: Lebuh Carnarvon
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 17 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
Lebuh Carnarvon was just a small village surrounded by paddy fields. Soon after the British Colonization, Georgetown went through a massive development stage, where government buildings were built and established. Traders were flooding into Penang, bringing their culture into the island around 1790. This marked the start of early Penang architecture style. Following by the arrival of migrants from Southen China around 1840, their culture and architecture were introduced, influencing shop house designs of Penang which some stayed today. A respectable example of a Southern Chinese style shop houses on Lebuh Carnarvon would be Lian Huat Paper Company. Businesses are found abundantly on Lebuh Carnarvon due to a nearby river canal situated around KomtMr. The river canal flows through Lebuh Carnarvon before it exits into the sea. This has eased the transportation of the overload logs and paper stacks to the land. Today the river canal does no longer exist due to the country’s development and is now currently utilized as a drainage system for Georgetown. (Hijas, 2015) Figure 24: Row Of Shophouse At Lebuh Carnarvon
“Lebuh Carnarvon, the eastern border of George Town’s Chinatown, is well known for Chinese bookshops as well as undertakers ”
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 18 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
3.3 Site Plan The site plan Figure 2.2.3 show the location of our shop house and its surroundings. Lebuh Carnarvon is located between Lebuh Kimberly and Lebuh Aceh, partially in the buffer zone and the other part in the core zone. The highlighted street indicated the location of a traditional river canal which was once transporting goods and people from one side of the Island to the other side.
Figure 25: North-East Zone Of Penang Island And Indication Of The Site With Red Circle Source: Google Map
Figure 26: Site Plan Showing The Location Of The Site Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 19 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
3.4 Lot Number Plan The local lot number plan that was obtained from the local authority, MPPP (Majilis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang). No.140 is the building number of our researched shop house.
Figure 27: Lot Number Plan
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 20 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
3.5 Genius Loci Of The Site Today, Lebuh Carnarvon still grasps the traditional spirit of its space over 2 centuries ago. The shop owners and the locals in this part of the town are mostly elderly who lead a casual lifestyle. Quality of life and welcoming presence are what most the residents seek rather than the hectic and congestive pace of the urban city lifestyle. Through observation, most of the shop house along the street begin their business at around 8 to 9am in the morning. There is even a morning wet market nearby known as the Lebuh Campbell market which provides a variety of food supplies that are fresh and provides some breakfast. The shop along the street closes at around 5-7pm and night life which includes activities such as drinking at pubs or ‘mamak’ store. Figure 28: Crossroad Of Lebuh Carnarvon
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
“Residents seek for quality of life and welcoming presence rather than hectic and congestive pace of urban city lifestyle ”
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3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
The surrounded buildings and activities captured in the early morning at Lebuh Carnarvon.
Figure 29: Carnarvon Wet Market Located At The T-Junction Of Lebuh Campbell And Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 30: Local Kuih Stall At Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
Figure 31: Bus Stop At Lebuh Carnarvon, Situated Just Beside Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 32: The Lack Of Pedestrian Footbridge At Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
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3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE SITE
Figure 33: Cleaning Of Street Operated By The Janitors From The Local Authority, MPPP Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 34: The Extra Walkway Paved By The Government Between The Five-Foots And The Road Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 24 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE 4.1 Introduction Of The Shop House In Penang, there are a total of 5000 buildings; of which about 2000 of them are heritage shop houses. Those shop houses were classified into 4 categories. This chapter will explain on the origin of the shop house in Penang and also the history of Lian Huat Company. (Hijas, 2015)
Figure 35: Lian Huat Company Shop House
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 25 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
The 4 categories are Category 1, 2, 3 and 4. Buildings that fall under Category 1 are significant historical buildings where they are not allowed to be renovated without permission or approval. Repair and refurnishing is highly discouraged as the building has to maintain its origin. On the other hand, those buildings which fall under Category 2 are less significant buildings or in other words known as the shop houses. They can be adaptively reused for solid purposes; they can be changed into a business or residential. Furthermore, renovation is allowed for building under Category 2 as long the form of the shop house is well maintained. Followed by Category 3, buildings that falls under this category is infill which is an empty land whereas buildings under Category 4 can be replaced or changed. Most of the buildings that fall under the forth categoryare modern buildings. (Hijas, 2015) Figure 36: Old Shop Houses In Georgetown
Source: http://www.businesstraveller.asia/asia-pacific/archive/2009/december-2009/destinations/made-in-penang
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 26 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Heritage shop houses in Penang were classified into 6 styles since 1790s to 1950s. They are the “Early Penang” Style, “Southern Chinese” Eclectic Style, “Early Straits” Eclectic Style, “Late Straits” Eclectic Style, Art Deco Style and lastly the Early Modern Style. The British colonization on Malaysia has influenced our building’s architectural styles and elements. This prompted “Attap” houses that were standardized in the said era to be replaced after discovering the building could catch on fire easily. They were replaced with fire proof brick houses. At this time, the “Early Penang “style was introduced. In the 1840s, tin mining plays an important role in the industry due to high demand in aluminum products. Around this time, Chinese workers would migrate to Malaysia due to employment opportunities in the tin mining industry. In addition, the migration of Chinese workers influenced architectural style of buildings. This later sprawled the “Southern Chinese” Eclectic Style where creative elements were added as Chinese from Canton were valued for their artistic sense and skills. Several of the adopted elements include carved timber door, air vents, air wells, etc. In the 1890s, younger generations were sent to study abroad in Europe. As a result, many styles and influences from diverse parts of Europe were brought back when they returned home. Notable examples found were full-length shuttered windows and geometric patterned colored clay floor tiles. This was later introduced as the “Early Straits” Eclectic Style.
Figure 37: Windows Of Different Shop Houses Styles Source: Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflets
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4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
In 1910, the “Late Straits” Eclectic Style was introduced. This style was introduced to the wealthy majority of the country. Throughout the era, building facades were refurbished and renovated into more lavish facades with grand decorations and intricate carvings. Distinguished examples of European influenced elements are dado panel tiles below windows, projected roof and brackets. By the 1930s, the general mass populace are mostly comprised of wealthy people whom often travel around the world. This brought influences of various architectural styles and elements into the country. This lead to the adoption of rich colors, bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation. As a result, the Art Deco Style fluorished in Penang. (GTWHI, 2015)
Figure 38: Lease Agreement Of The Land Bought By The Son Of Dr. Gan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 28 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
4.2 Ownership After interviewing Mr Teow Sieng Nam, who is the current owner of Lian Huat Company, we were able to understand more about the ownership of the shop house in detail. According to Teow (2015) , this row of shophouses which located on Lebuh Carnarvon has been around 110 years of history and was previously owned by a developer vaguely known as Mr. Yeoh. One of the shop houses was later on bought over by Dr. Gan Hao Cheong, an obstetrician well-known for his services among Penangnites. The shop house is situated adjacent to a gold ornament and diamond dealer shop and a traditional wine dealer shop. After it was used as a maternity hospital, the current owner, Mr Teow took over the shop, making it a paper centre named Lian Huat Company
Figure 39: Mr.Teow Sieng Nam, Current Owner Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Before, moving over to Lebuh Carnarvon, Lian Huat Company had started their business at Lebuh Ah Quee 50 years back. Due to the business expansion, they have to move to a larger place and settled down at Lebuh Carnarvon ever since. The idea of the paper business was influenced by the same clan from Fu Zhou, known as the ‘Long Yan‘ Clan who brought the business culture down to Malaysia. They had customers from Thailand, Indonesia, Brunei and other Southeast Asia countries as Penang was an internationally well known free-duty Port back then. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 29 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
The shop name, ‘Lian Huat’ was derived from the Chinese language, whereby ‘Lian’ means together while ‘Huat’ stands for prosperity. The intention of buying this long shop house was to utilize the ground floor for paper retailing and to fully occupy the upper floor for workers’ accommodation. (Teow, 2015)
“ ‘Lian’ means together while ‘Huat’ stands for prosperity.... ”
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4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
4.3 Historical Timeline Of The Shop House
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4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Figure 40: 1881 : Land Lease Agreement Signed By The Yeoh Family Members Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 41: 1905 : Clinical Equipments Used By Dr.Gan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 42: 1985 Till Date : Worker Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 32 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
4.4 Styles of Heritage Shop Houses In Penang
“EARLY PENANG” STYLE (1790s-1850s)
Main Features : Load-bearing clay brick walls Lime concrete, lime mortar, lime plaster & lime wash Timber beams for roof and floor Terracotta floors Form : Single or two storey One section + courtyard Simple and honest
SOURCE : GTWHI, 2015
“SOUTHERN CHINESE” ECLECTIC STYLE (1840s- 1910s)
“EARLY STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1890s- 1910s)
Main Features : Load-bearing clay bricks walls Lime concrete, lime mortar, lime plaster Early finish - red brick pattern lime Later finish - lime wash Timber beams for roof and floor Terracotta floors
Main Features : Load-bearing clay bricks walls Lime concrete, lime mortar, lime plaster Timber beams for roof and floor Terracotta floors Tessellated and encaustic tiles to five-foot-way
Form : Two storey & sometimes three storey Two sections + airwell + courtyard Built in rows, side by side Square columns with Chinese pillar head (Chi Tou) Taller than Early Penang Style
Form: Two storey & sometimes three storey Two sections + airwell + courtyard Built in rows, side by side same height as Southern Chinese Eclectic Style Square columns with Chinese pillar head (Chi Tou) & European capital LIAN HUAT COMPANY 33 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHOP HOUSE
“LATE STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1910s-1930s)
ART DECO STYLE (1930s-1960s)
Main Features : Introduction of reinforced concrete structure Clay or cement bricks Weak cement concrete, lime mortar, lime plaster & lime wash Timber beams for roof and floor Cement tiled floors inside and outside
Main Features : Reinforced concrete structure – beams and columns Clay or cement bricks with weak cement mortar Shanghai plaster finish Timber beams for roof and floor
Form : Two storey & sometimes three storey with compound garden Single L shaped buildings, air well + kitchen & rear courtyard Built in blocks rather than one by one Square columns with Chinese column head & European bracket or console
New Form : Two storey with five-foot way, single L shaped buildings + kitchen & rear courtyard Sometimes with front compound garden Same height as Late Straits Eclectic Built in blocks rather than one by one
EARLY MODERN STYLE (1950s-1970s) Main Features : Reinforced concrete structure – beams and columns Façade Design and structure merge Clay or cement bricks in fill and nonstructural walls, with weak cement mortar Lime or weak cement plaster finish Five-foot way sometimes without columns at the street edge – (cantilever upper floor) New Form : Two-storey for individual shop houses Three-storey for corner shop houses Three-storey for row house designed to look like one building Same proportion as Art Deco LIAN HUAT COMPANY 34 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE 5.1 Orientation And Location In Relation To Site Lian Huat Company is located in Georgetown facing the Lebuh Carnorvon . It is a row of two story height shop house. Historically, the idea that shop houses were taxed according to street frontage rather than total area fueled economic motivation to build narrow and long. Most shop houses were as wide as a single beam, approximately 18 feet wide and an average depth of about 80 feet.
Figure 43: Top View Of Lian Huat Company As A Row Of Shop House Facing Lebuh Carnarvon Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 35 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.2 Brief Function Of The Building Structure A shop house is typically made up of a facade which reflects the different styles influenced by the era then. Typically, a shop house consists of five foot ways , internal courtyard, front hall, second hall and more, rear court, party walls, roofs, floors and beams. Lian Huat Company unlike the typcial shop house, has three air wells in the shop house. This made the total length of shop house longer than a typical shop house found in Penang. The function of the shop house varied as the years passed by and subjected to the need and preference of the owner. Figure 44: Vacant Space At Second Floor First Hall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 45: Paper Storage At First Airwell
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 36 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Below are the observations and findings of the structure of the shop house.
5.2.4 FLOORS AND BEAMS
5.2.3 ROOFS 5.2.2 INTERNAL COURTYARD (AIRWELL)
D
5.2.1 FIVE-FOOT WAY
C B A
5.2.5 PARTY WALLS
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 37 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.2.1 Five-Foot Way
5.2.4 Floors and beams
- Public - Pedestrian walksway indented into the ground floor of a building from the road and as the overhanging upper floors provide a cover of shelter. - A consistent width of five feet from the absolute front to the wall and entrance. - Certain five-foot ways are wider and narrower depending on the age, size and function of the building. - Use to extend premises of business to the walkway or gain visual publicity by exhibiting their items outside. - Culturally significant space where prayer and thanksgiving are offered to protect the occupants.
- Built with timber beams which carried the weight of floors and roof. - Floors was made of timber planks in the past while reinforced concrete beams and slabs are added on for support in the cureent years.
5.2.2 Internal Courtyard (Airwell)
5.2.6 Spaces
- An open external space provided within the volume of the building. - Opened up with depth up to 35 meters. - Used to retain rainwater from flowing immediately into the street drains - Admit natural light and air into the space within. - Used as family dining or living space, small airwell, courtyard, vents for cooking or toilet odours, dry laundry 5.2.3 Roofs - Teracotta roof tiles are used in the past. -Ideal in hot ,humid conditions for their ability to absorb moisture and cooling the air space beneath it.
5.2.5 Party Walls - Know as load-bearing walls to seperate the shop houses from their neighbours -Wooden stilts are used as a beam with wooden planks laid on top of it - Act as a barrier to avoid spreak of fire, also transferring the weight of the rood to ground
A B C D
First Hall Semi-public use. It is used as a business premise to deal with customers or welcoming porch for visitors. Second Hall Private use. A wide variety of uses depends on the user but typically where the family altars are placed. Third Hall Private use. It is a space usually used as kitchen or dinning area. Rear Court Private use. It is connected to the back lane which is open aired and uncovered. Bathrooms or toilets are usually situated here.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 38 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.3 Circulation
Lian Huat Company has a frontal approach where it leads directly to the entrance along a straight and axial path. The shophouse has a recessed entrance where it is placed off at the right side of the shop house slanted in and provides shelter above the five foot way. Furthermore, the configuration of path in Lian Huat Company is linear which is a common organizing element used for a series of space back in the old days. Correspondingly, the path passes through the space axially while it creates pattern of rest & movement within it. In conclusion, the circulation is enclosed and comprises of two floor levels.
Figure 46: Frontal Approach Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 39 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.3.1 Ground Floor Figure 5.4.3 shows the circulation inside the building.
Figure 48: Stairs Access To The Second Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 49: Entrance To Airwell 2
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 50: Entrance To Airwell 1
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 51: Main Entrance Of Lian Huat Company Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 47: First Floor Floor Plan Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 52: Locked Door To The Last Storage
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 53: Toilet Door Located At The Rear Courtyard Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 54: Entrance To Airwell 3
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 55: Toilet Door Loacted At Airwell 1 Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 40 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.3.2 First Floor Figure 4.4.12 shows the circulation inside the building.
Figure 57: Stairs To The Second Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 58: Walkway That
Connects Second And First Hall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 59: Entrance To The First Hall Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 56: Second Floor Floor Plan
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 60: Entrance To The Balcony Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 61: Entrance To Kitchen At Rear Courtyard Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 62: Walkway To The Rear Courtyard Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 63: Door To The Walkway At The Back
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 41 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.4 Ventilation
Figure 64: Section Shows Ventilation
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Majority of historic buildings were ventilated naturally. Openings between The use of jack-roof and air-wells, which can be seen in many old shop rooms such as louvres and internal partition are the main techniques to fa- houses are the main example of building elements that respond to the local cilitate the airflow circuit through the building of Lian Huat Company. Venti- climatic condition. lation is used to remove odour and excessive moisture, bring in outside air, to keep the interior building air and to prevent stagnation of the interior air. Traditional shop houses with jack-roofs and ‘covered veranda way or 5 foot walk ways’ offer protection and shade from the heat and rain. The traditional Penang terraced shophouses are characterized by a 5 feet pedestrian colonnade which offers protection from the sun and rain.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 42 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.4.1 Natural Ventilation 5.4.1a Jack Roof Jack roof is a pitched roof raised above the ridge of an existing roofline which allow for covered ventilation into the main roof space. High ceilings allow circulation of air. 5.4.1b Airwell Airwells are positioned between sections of the tiled roofs and are normally called as internal courtyard. By having the air well or courtyard, the tenant can have a private open space within the house. The central airwell opens directly to the sky and allows light and ventilation into what would otherwise be a dim interior. The airwell at the back offers light and ventilation for the fourth hall. For these narrow and long Penang shop houses, they feature more airwell as they are required for cross ventilation and natural daylight to achieve a better indoor thermal comfort.
5.4.2 Fenestrations 5.4.2a Lattice Screen Lattice screen is usually placed above the wall partitions. It keeps each room ventilated by allowing hot air to escape through these lattice screen.
5.4.2b Windows And Louvers Louvred windows allow natural ventilation due to adjustable louvers which keeps out the glare and harsh sunlight while allowing air to flow in. Internal airwell faced above the louvred window become permanent opening for the building and encourage ventilation at all time.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 43 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
5 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE SHOP HOUSE
5.5 Natural Lighting
Light penetrates mainly through the airwells to lit most of the spaces of long shop houses. Windows and louvers help to admit light into the builiding as well. Spaces nearby airwells receive more light compared to other spaces. Therefore other spaces are usually installed with windows or louvers to lit the spaces.
Figure 65: Natural Lighting On Second Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 66: Section Shows Natural Lighting
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 44 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6. SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE 6.1 The Relationship Between Shop House Structure And The Spaces Lian Huat Company is a paper trading company that mainly sells and stock paper. The building is twinned or attached to another building, both serving different purposes. The company is fairly large and therefore requires large working and storage place.The current owner, Mr. Teow Sieng Nam, changed the shop house completely from an obstetric hospital (previously owned by obstetrician, Gan Hao Cheong) to a Paper Centre.
The shop house is split into two floors. The main floor mainly consists of large halls that are currently utilized for storage. The floor is sub-divided by walls into seven areas which consist of four halls, three air well spaces, a room and an area which is inaccessible to us by the owner. The upper floor consists of a series of rooms that are currently unused and holds a large portion of the shop house’s furniture that was left by previous owners. The upper floor is sub-divided by walls into 10 areas which consist of seven rooms, three air wells, two corridors and a balcony.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 45 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.1.1 Design Idea/Concept
The design concept was developed in the late 18th Century where the “Early Penang” Style was introduced which spanned to a number of influences which include “Southern Chinese” Eclectic, “Early Straits” Eclectic and “Late Straits” Eclectic. The building holds a large number of notable features that were subjective by several Chinese influences and most notably, Feng Shui. Although the Feng Shui has been suppressed during the Cultural Revolution in the late 20th century, there is substantial evidence on the existing building design. Distinguished elements found were various Chinese relief writings, multi-coloured ceramic tiles, complex carvings, motifs symbolising blessings, etc. However, the shop house underwent a large amount of changes since then and provides numerous modifications to suit the current concept of the building. From there, a number of influences were found including Art Deco and Early modern styles where modern materials and structures were implemented.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 46 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.1.2 Layout
Hall 1
Hall 3
Hall 2 Airwell 2
Airwell 1
Kitchen Airwell 3
Storage
GROUND FLOOR
Room 3
Room 1
Room 2
Airwell 1
Room 5 Airwell 2
Room 4 Room 6
Airwell 3
Terrace Bathroom
FIRST FLOOR Figure 67: Diagram Illustrating The Space Layout Of A Traditional Shop House Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
GROUND FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR
Overall, the halls were very open giving the building an elevated sense. It is also linear, which allows the visitors to see through the entire shop house from any hallway. Through observation, printed floor tiles were used from the first hall stretching all the way towards the back of hall four. Linear repetition was following a sequence of floor patterns as seen below.
Unlike the ground floor, the upper floor does not have a fixed sequence of rooms as well as sequence of elevated space. However, similiar to the ground floor, the floor followed linear organisation of space which includes seperation using straight walls or partitions and no fixed length or height of rooms. This layout has possed endless opportunity to further extend the spaces as there is no issues of ventilation and circulation. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 47 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.1.3 Spatial Experiences 6.1.3a Ground Floor
First Hall: From the ground floor entrance, we funnel through a narrow space towards the left side of the hall, as the entirety of the right side of the first hall is covered in wooden pallets and paper supplies. Spatial Features: - Enclosed - Fairly lighted - Modern layout in comparison to the other halls
Figure 68: First Hall, Ground Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Airwell 1 : After walking through the cluttered hall, we are greeted with the first open air well. Airwell 1 originally had an open roof. However a translucent roof was added on later to keep the area dry when it rained, in order to store more paper. This provides natural lighting to the interior. Spatial Features: - Natural Lighting - Brightly lit - Vertically Spaciousness - Linear walkpath
Figure 69: Airwell 1, Ground Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 48 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Hall 2 : From the open air well, we enter the second hall (also known as the main hall). From this hall we are able to see through both the air well and the first hall behind us as well as the next hall in front through an arched window. Spatial Features: - Elevated enclosed area - Linear hall - Main storage area - Arches indicating a seperate unit from the air well.
Figure 70: Hall 2, Ground Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Airwell 2 + Hall 3 : From the second hall, we transit into the second air well. The airwell houses a toilet on the left and an access to the first building on the right. Moving forward, we now enter the third hall which includes a staircase leading to the upper floor. Spatial Features: - Natural Lighting - A separate structure for the toilet that obstruct the beauty of the airwell - Wall seperating the two halls and the air well, acts as separation between indoors and outdoors
Figure 71: Airwell 2 And Hall 3, Ground Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 49 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Airwell 3 + Hall 4: From the third hall, we enter the fourth hall which includes a third air well. Towards the end of the hall, a staircase that is currently unusable leads towards the back rooms of the upper floor. Spatial Features: - Natural Lighting (Area brightly lit) - Main Storage Area - A mirror of the third hall (almost exactly the same) - Least Furnished Hall
Figure 72: Airwell 3 And Hall 4, Ground Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Rear Court : From the fourth hall, we enter the final accessible area which is the storage supply room. Spatial Features: - Small and packed - Fairly lit, due to upper windows exposing light - Elevated ceiling - Narrow hallway
Figure 73: Rear Court, Ground Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 50 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.1.3b First Floor Room 1 : From the first space in the upper floor, a partition was built to divide the large space into two rooms. The first room looks out towards Lebuh Carnarvon from the upper windows. Spatial Features: - Tinted windows provides good protection from glaring sunlight - Medical cart found indicating the obstetricians used the room as a baby delivery area. - Well ventilated room
Figure 74: Room 1, First Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Room 2 : The second room has a slightly bigger area than the first and overlooks into the first open air well and the second room. Spatial Features: - Well ventilated through lattice screen - Irregular walls - Well lit due to two sources of natural light permeating the room - No windows installed to seperate the room from the airwell.
Figure 75: Room 2, First Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 51 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Airwell 1 : The second and third room is connected by a corridor in the first airwell. The air well overlooks into the floor below. Spatial Features: - Brightly lit - Outdoor feeling - linear bridge leading to entrance of first room and third room (convenient) - Well ventilated
Figure 76: Airwell 1, First Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Room 3 : The third room is a large open space that holds most of the furniture in the building which includes chairs, bookshelves, tables, etc. The ceiling frames and trusses are exposed giving the room a much elevated height. Spatial Features: - Well ventilated due to open wall vents from either side of the room - Spacious both vertically and horizontally - Well lit, glass roofing. - Dusty due to old furniture.
Figure 77: Room 3 , First Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 52 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Airwell 2: The third room leads into the second airwell and a staircase on the right which leads downwards into the main floor. Spatial Features: - Well lit during the day - Acts as an outdoor space - Vertically spacious - Well ventilated
Figure 78: Airwell 2, First Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Corridor, Room 4 and Room 5: From the airwell, we enter a corridor that opens into two directions, one to the immediate right which leads into a room overlooking into the airwell and one straight ahead which leads to the next room. Spatial Features: - Rooms are poorly lit - Poorly ventilated - Room 5 is narrow but has high ceilings, room 4 is spacious but lower ceilings - Narrow corridor
Figure 79: Corridor, Room 4 And 5, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 53 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Room 6 and Airwell 3: From the corridor we walk into the sixth room. The sixth room is a wide open area that contains an airwell, an unusable staircase (leading to the main floor) and a corridor in between leading to Room 7. Spatial Features: - Spacious room - Well ventilated, airwell leads outdoors - The room and airwell are seperated meaning they are two seperate spaces.
Figure 80: Room 6 And Airwell 3, First Floor
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Kitchen, Bathroom and Terrace: The area above the rear court is covered by the terrace, is split into two areas which are: a bathroom and a kitchen area. The kitchen area is an extension of the terrace. An access to the balcony is seen towards the back of the room. The balcony area is similar in size to the room. Spatial Features: - Interconnect between indoors and outdoors - Well ventilated - Spacious balcony Figure 81: Kitchen, Bathroom And Terrace, First Floor Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 54 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.2 The Properties of Spaces
Figure 82: Section Showing The Interiors And Exteriors Of The Shop House Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 83: Each Unit Of The Shop House Is Built Adjacent To Each Other To Form A Row Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
6.2.1 Interior And Exterior An interior space is the space within the four walls and is the living the building. area for the inhabitants to have their daily activities inside. In shop house, In the layout of shop house, the five foot way in front of the enthe interior space is longitudinal and only connects to the exterior via the trance plays more than one role in serving the occupants and the public. front entrance, rear court and open airwell. The shop houses are built adjacent to each other in a row hence there is no windows or doors on the side wall. Exterior spaces are the extension of the interiors and can be acted as buffer zone before going into the building. It connects the surrounding to LIAN HUAT COMPANY 55 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
Further elaborations on the spaces at the exterior are as below: No. Space 1. STREET ENTRANCE 2. BUILDING EXTERIOR
Size 2 cars maximum or 4 motorcycles
3.
Five-foots way : 1524 mm in width
4.
5.
6.
7.
Description of Function Vehicular entrance to site from Lebuh Carnarvon. Creates corporate image to employees, visitors, and passersby PEDESTRIAN Primary – for office employees and ENTRANCE customers
LOADING AREAS
Secondary – for passersby and visitors Daily and frequent loading and unloading of paper supply.
Proxemics
Equiment/Furnishing
Visual outreach to Lian Huat Company
Extended pavement : 1800 - 1200 mm
The size of the five-foot way and the Immediately extra paved adjacent to the first hall pedestrian walkway. of the shop house, this is also the storage space. RECREATION Break, lunch and other Accommodate 3 – 4 persons in non-work relaxation can be done at passive activities the five-foot ways (conversation, waiting, reading newspaper etc. PROTECTION Five-foot way provides shed to pedestrian from scorching sunlight and rain PARKING SPACES
For the owner
Table 2: Elaborations On The Exterior Space
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
One parking spot which is in front of Convenient to the owner the shop house. of Lian Huat Co.
Covered by the upper floor of the shop houses and supported by arch. A yellow parking box is drawn on the surface of the street.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 56 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.2.2 Public And Private 6.2.2a Circulation
Public Spaces
Semi - public Spaces
Private Spaces
Figure 84: Diagram Indicating Private, Semi-private And Private Spaces Based On Circulation Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Generally, the exterior spaces of the shop houses are considered Private spaces are the rooms located at the upper floor of the shop public spaces, in which they are open and accessible to people. For in- house. Only the owner and the shop employees are allowed to enter. stance, roads, five-foots way and back lane. Spaces starting from the first hall till the rear court are considered semi-public because it is only accessible under the permission of the owner or the shop employees. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 57 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.2.2b Layout Affecting Visual Experience
View From Exterior
View From Interior
Figure 85: Diagram Indicating Visually Private, Semi-private And Private Spaces Based On Visual Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
The void on the upper floor resulted from the formation of the airwell has created an semi-public spaces on the ground floor. In which, the visual interaction and communications can be made between two floors of the employer (first floor) to the staffs (ground floor). Supposeingly the occupants can have a nice overhead view and fresh air at the airwell but now The upper windows of Lian Huat company front facade provides it is covered up with plastic perspex to block the glaring sunlight. occupants with a wide 180 degree view to the street, allowing the owner (Dr.Gan or Mr.Teow) to know which customers have arrived to their door- The covered rear court at the ground floor are considered visually steps from above. This makes the spaces visually semi-public to the pedes- private because they are hidden at the back of the shop houses. Lian Huat traians because they cannot see the full activities of the people at the upper rear court are used to store unwanted wooden plankes, broken furniture floor. and unused tools. The building facades and roofs, has contributed to the public visual landscape. Beside an uniform skyline is also formed from the form and patterns of the (teraccota tiles) roof together with another 4 adjacent shop houses in a row.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 58 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
6 SPATIAL LAYOUT OF THE SHOP HOUSE
6.2.2c Acoustics
As the shop house consists of mostly dense wood as construction materials such as wooden beam and furniture, the surroundings is acoustically private due to their absorptive properties. (Brill & Beeson, 2007) In Lian Huat Company, most of the components are made from woods such as floor beams, partitions, ceiling and superstructure like staircase.
reflected sounds is the chripping of the swallows which are nested around the walls of hall 2. Their sounds can be heard at first floor through airwell 2, airwell 3 and hall 3.
Echoes are reflected sounds but in a longer interval. They hardly heard in Lian Huat Company due to the short width of the building ( Echo According to a scientific report “The Acoustical Properties of Wood” vs. Reverberation., 2015) and also the paper supplies on the long walkway has explained that the denser the wood, the better the absorption of sound it has. Most of the wood components in Lian Huat company are built in since Southern Chinese Era. Same goes the other traditional materials such as clay, stone and lime where their sound absorption quality is better than modern materials such as aluminium and zinc. Lian Huat Company is slightly long than other shop housr(insert average dimension) but relatively short in width (insert average dimension) Hence, the sound waves travel without obstructions in this long narrow space. Reflected sounds are only produced when it hits the two sided walls and travel up to the airwell such as yelling in hall 2. Another example of the
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 59 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7.
EARLY MODERN STYLE (1950s-1970s) ART DECO ECLECTIC STYLE (1930s-1960s) “LATE STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1910s-1930s) “EARLY STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1890s-1910s)
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIMES
“SOUTHERIN CHINESE” ECLECTIC STYLE (1840s-1910s) “EARLY PENANG” STYLE (1790s-1850s)
7.1 Architecture Elements In Accordance To Styles And Times
Figure 86: Lian Huat Company Shophouse
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 60 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.1.1. “SOUTHERN CHINESE” ECLECTIC STYLE (1840s-1910s)
7.1.1a
TERRACOTTA ROOF TILES
This tile is made out of clay which is a material where the Chinese are familiar with and it is one of the traditional materials used in construction of Penang shop houses. This tile comes in slight curve Its design allows easy drainage of rainwater. Furthermore,lime mortar is used to hold those tiles in place and those tiles will be layered on battens. (refer to Figure 88). 7.1.1b TIMBER WINDOWS WITH IRON BARS The window was one of the timber features and it comes in rectangular shape and lined with vertical iron bars. It used to be timber bars, for protection but as time passes, timber wears off and now it is changed to iron bars. The window is usually opened in the day for light and closed at night for security. It also allows ventilation into the room as well as keeping out the rain which falls from the airwell. (refer to Figure 89).
7.1.1c
Figure 87: Perspective View Of Airwell 2
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LOAD BEARING WALL
Brick wall is made out of clay and it was used in shop houses to carry the weight of the upper floor, ground floor, and also the weight of the roof structure along with the roof tiles. (refer to Figure 90).
Figure 88: Terracotta Roof Tile
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 89: Windows
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 90: Wall
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 61 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.1.1d
TERRACOTTA FLOOR TILES
During that era, terracotta floor tiles was widely used and it was made out of clay. These tiles allow moisture from the damp earth to evaporate through the tiles, cooling the ground floor spaces. Figure 91: Terracotta floor tiles
7.1.1e
WOODEN LOUVERED SHUTTER WINDOWS
Source: http://malaccatownhouse.blogspot.com/p/melaka-town-house_2.html
Figure 92: Windows
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
This window was widely used during the “Southern Chinese” Eclectic Era and it is one of the timber features. Usually placed on the upper floor façade of the shop houses. It was used to control the light entering the building and also for ventilation. 7.1.1f
CHINESE CERAMIC AIR VENTS
This air vent or so called vent block was made out of ceramics. It was used for ventilation purposes and act as a decorative elements on the façade as well as the interior. It was widely used during Southern Chinese Eclectic Style. 7.1.1g
Figure 93: Air Vents
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 94: Balustrade
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
BALUSTRADE
Balustrades during that era are intricately crafted to showcase craftmanship. Balustade was used as it provides protection for the user as well as giving the stairs a more sophisticated look. With its light weight, the stairs do not have to bear so much weight. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 62 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.1.2 “EARLY STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1890s-1910s)
7.1.2a
PLASTER ARCHES WITH CENTRAL KEYSTONE
Plaster arches and central keystones can be found in the interior of the shop houses instead of the facade. The function of this arch is to support the structure above it. It was introduced entirely for aesthetic purpose and influenced by the European style. 7.1.2b
GEOMETRIC PATTERN CLAY FLOOR TILES
These geometrical shaped floor tiles are specially imported from Italy. These tiles are beautifully printed and it represents the wealth of the owner. Figure 95: Airwell 1
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
7.1.2c
ROW RIDGE WITH A VARIETY OF CHINESE GABLE END
The roof ridge is the horizontal intersection of two roof slopes, sitting on the roof pitch. Usually old buildings in Penang has this roof ridge with various design of gable ends. The purpose of doing this gable ends is to finish the roof ridge with a much more aesthetic way.
Figure 96: Arch
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 97: Floor Tiles Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 98: Roof
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 63 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.1.3 “LATE STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1910s-1930s) 7.1.3a
THREE DIMENSIONAL DECORATIVE PLASTER WALL
Usually it is added on to the surface of the structure such as the columns, arches, and other finishes. The design of the 3-Dimensional decorative plasters are usually decided by the owner based on his/her interest. Most of the 3-Dimensional decoration plasters in Penang are added on for Feng Shui, some of the decorations tells story and some are just for decorations.
7.1.3b
AIR VENTS
The air vents are influence by the Chinese where they brought the design back from China. Air vents which are placed outside of the buildings are more decorative comparing to the ones in the interior. The outside ones have the shape of a flower, cloud and others. It acts as a element which allow ventilation among the rooms, also allowing light to pass through.
Figure 99: Hall 2
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 100: Decorative wall
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 101: Air Vents
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 64 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.1.4 ART DECO STYLE (1930s-1960s) 7.1.4a
GLAZED CASEMENT WINDOWS
Glazed casement windows are used widely for shop houses with Art Deco style influence. This new design is much more durable and also stronger compared to the timber louvered windows. It also look more industrilise and modern by promoting the use of metal and glass. Therefore, these windows gradually replaces the traditional timber louvers. Glazed casement windows are much more economical, it can withstand corrosion and also last for a long period of time. 7.1.4b
ALUMINIUM FRAME PANEL DOOR
During this era, aluminium was widely used not only for building elements, but also for machines and many other stuff. Comparing to the timber doors, aluminium provide better protection as it will not be break easily. Aluminium frame panel door allows natural lighting to penetrates into the building, giving a more modernism look from the exterior and also the interior.
Figure 102: Front Facade
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 103: Glazed Windows
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 104: Front Door
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 65 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.1.4c
SHANGHAI PLASTER WALL FINISH
Finely crushed pebbles or marble are mixed into the concrete, then the surface is cleaned before the concrete is completely dry to expose these bits of stone, resulting in a very rough, sandy texture. Shanghai plaster are widely use in this art deco period as there are much more ornamentation and decoration on the building. Thus, Shanghai plaster plays an important role for all the ornamentation. 7.1.4d
Figure 105: Wall Finish
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 106: Exterior Columns Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
EXTERIOR COLUMNS WITH RELIEF WRITING
Exterior columns with relief writing are widely used during Art Deco Era. The relief writings on the column was made out of the mixture of cement and newspaper bits. Cement is mixed with newspaper bits mainly because newspaper bits ease the mixture to be paste on to the column.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 66 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.1.5 EARLY MODERN STYLE (1950s-1970s) 7.1.5a
CORRUGATED PERSPEX ROOFING
In Early Modernism, corrugated perspex roofing was usually used to cover the airwell of shop houses It was mainly used because its opaque feature allows light to penetrate into the shophouses at the same time it prevents rain from falling in. Besides it is light in weight. 7.1.5b
ASBESTOS ROOFING SHEET
After renovation, asbestos roofing sheet was used to replace terracotta roof tile. It is because it is not brittle and it is economical and mass produced compared to terracotta roof tile. Figure 107: Roof
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 108: Perspex Roofing
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 109: Asbestos Roof
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 67 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.2 BUILDING MATERIALS IN ACCORDANCE TO STYLES AND TIME
“EARLY PENANG” “SOUTHERN CHINESE” ECLECTIC STYLE STYLE (1840s- 1910s) (1790s-1850s)
Timber
Clay
Stone
“EARLY STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1890s- 1910s)
Lime
“LATE STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1910s-1930s)
Plaster
ART DECO STYLE (1930s-1960s)
Glass
EARLY MODERN STYLE (1950s-1970s)
Concrete Metal LIAN HUAT COMPANY 68 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
Table refers to building materials in accordance to styles and time: “EARLY PENANG” “SOUTHERN CHINESE” STYLE ECLECTIC STYLE (1790s-1850s) (1840s- 1910s) Duing the “Early Penang” period, timber, clay, stone and lime are widely used. Timber are used as elements such as the doors, the windows. Clay (terraccota tiles) are used for the roof tiles as well as the floor tiles. Stone, a very strong material act as the supporting structure for the building and also as a step across the drain. Last but not least, lime. Lime is use as a binding element.
As for the “Southern Chinese”style, the widely used materials are still the same. But all the materials are presented in a much more decorative way. Craved timber door, louvered windows and decorative air-vents are introduce to the shop house. Clay, stone and lime still remains it’s same function. providing finishes, support and also binding.
“EARLY STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1890s- 1910s)
“LATE STRAITS” ECLECTIC STYLE (1910s-1930s)
ART DECO STYLE (1930s-1960s)
EARLY MODERN STYLE (1950s-1970s)
“Early straits” Eclectic style does not have any changes on the materials. Timber ornamentation become more decorative comparing to the southern chinese style. But there are encaustic floor tiles, a new element made out of clay. It comes in geometric shape and also in decorative style.Stone and lime remain the same.
Timber and clay are the materials which brings decorative ornaments to the building.On the other hand, plaster started to be introduced into the buildings. Arches, 3 dimensional decorative motif, relief writing slowly become a need for each of the buildings.
During the Art Deco era, metal, reinforced concrete and glass were introduced. Compared to timber and stone, metal is a much more stronger material. Metal are used not only for structures, but also for the windows and door frames. Glass opaque property provide better lighting to the building and reinforced concrete provide stronger buildings.
Modern style building mainly uses new introduced materials such as metal, reinforced concrete and glass.
Table 3: Elaborations On Building Materials In Accordance to Styles And Time Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 69 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.3 EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE
- Roof ridge with gable end - Arches with central keystone - 3-Dimensional plastering decoration
Figure 110: Modification Of Shop House By First Owner (Mr. Yeoh) Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
- Toilet & Cubicle - Jack Roof - Geometric pattern floor tiles - Ornaments
- Corrugated Perspex - Covered rear terrace - Shanghai plaster with relief writings - Aluminium framed door - Asbestos roofing sheet - Glazed casement window
Figure 111: Modification Of Shop House By Second Owner (Dr. Gan) Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 112: Modification Of Shop House By Third Owner (Mr. Teow) Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 70 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.3 EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE 7.3.1 ELEMENTS IN THE BUILDING WHEN IT WAS FIRST BUILT -MR. YEOH (1881) Roof ridge with gable end was built during the era as a pleasing solution to the problem of keeping water out of the intersection of walls and roof. Buildings that were built in the same row had the same elements and design as it saved cost and also eased the worker to build the building. The arches were built to act as a supporting member of the weight above it. The central keystone is the final piece placed on to lock all the other stones together. It is believed that the plaster ornaments on the arch brings good Feng Shui. The floral motifs repre-sents “Hua Kai Fu Gui”, which means the presence of flower brings wealth and prosperity. And the bat motifs carries the Chinese meaning “Bi Xie”. Warding off evil spirits and negative elements from the building.
Figure 113 : Front Facade
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 114: Arch
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 115: 3-Dimensional Plaster Decoration
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 71 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.3 EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE 7.3.2 ELEMENTS IN THE BUILDING FIRST OWNER -DR. GAN HAO CHEONG(1900s) From an empty hall, Doctor Gan added in a toilet and cubicle. The toilet was built at the second airwell of ground floor to ease the patients’ needs who were staying over in the clinic. Jack roof with louvered windows were constructed to improve air ventilation on the first floor when Doctor Gan was still occupying the shop house.With the pressence of the jack roof, air ventilation in the space will be improve. Therefore it will make the hospital a much more comfortable and well ventilated space.
Figure 116: Airwell 2
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
The geometric pattern floor tiles were a trend during the “Late Straits” Eclectic style.The tiles are brought back from Italy and it has the essence of the European style. Ornaments were taken down by Doctor Gan because he does not believe in Feng Shui or any other belief. (Teow, 2015)
Figure 117: Jack Roof
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 118: Floor Tiles
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 119: Front Facade
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 72 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.3 EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE 7.3.3 ELEMENTS IN THE BUILDING SECOND OWNER -MR. TEOW SENG NAM(1985) The columns of the shop house were intially square shaped and Mr.Teow improvised into a semicurved column. He also repaired & replaced Shang Hai plaster of the columns with contemporary materials. Chinese relief writings reflect the type of business the owner is currently running. The door was changed to aluminium framed door by Mr.Teow for stronger protection and Feng Shui pur-pose, traditionally businessman will avoid their working space to have the front door and back door aligned because they believed that the prosperity and wealth will enter from the front door and escape from the back door straight.
Figure 120: Exterior Column
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Asbestos roofing sheet was used as it is cheap and easily sourced material, it is also very light weight therefore the current owner chose to use asbestos.
Figure 121: Front Door
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 122: Asbestos Roofing Sheet
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 73 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
7 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND ELEMENTS THAT CHANGES WITH TIME
7.3 EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE 7.3.3 ELEMENTS IN THE BUILDING SECOND OWNER -MR. TEOW SIENG NAM(1985)
The window was changed from timber louvre window to metal framed glass glazed casement window because it is easier to clean and to maintain a metal frame glass window compared to the timber louvered win-dow. It is also more economical as well. When Mr. Teoh Sieng Nam took over this building he covered the open air well with perspex to allow light penetration, and prevent rain from falling in to make the previous airwell into storage and working space.
Figure 123: Glazed Casement Window
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
An extended slab was built on at the rear terrace in order to extend the space of the upper floor in this shop house. This space is utilised for kitchen, washroom and yard. Figure 124: Corrugated Perspex
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
Figure 125: Rear Terrace
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 74 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8. MATERIALS & BUILDING CONSTRUCTION “The shop houses in the Historic Cities of Melaka and Georgetown share similar construction materials, techniques, ornamentations and elements. Most of the buildings used soft burnt clay bricks as the main construction material. The load bearing walls at both sides of the shophouse support the roof load through timber joists which span across the width of the building. The upper floors, of local timber planks, were placed on timber joists spanning between the party walls.” Georgetown Special Area Plan, A4-21.
Figure 126: Collage Image Of Different Materials Source: http://www.tgbuildings.co.uk/workshops/style-a
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 75 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.1 Types Of Materials Used
8.1.1 Traditional Materials These four materials, timber, clay, lime and stone are all the traditional materials, material that are used ever since the building was built. It is believed that there are changes in the use of materials because as time passes the structure and the materials will wear off over time. By then, the owner will replace the damaged components to a new material. But this four materials are the originally used material. These materials could be observed within the shop house even till this day. Figure 127: Roof Truss
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.1.1a Timber Timber can be retrieved throughout the island, making it a very economical material. It is also easy to work with as it can be carved to desired shapes or ornaments. Not only that, wood is also a good heat insulator that help to keep the interior cool. It is normally used as support system such as joist, baton, flooring panels etc. Timber floors are commonly used for first floor construction for older buildings.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 76 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.1.1b Clay Clay is porous and it allows air or moisture to pass through it. Due to this reason, it is often used as wall and floor finishes. Clay is also a good heat insulator, therefore it is widely used in the tropical climate countries. Clay is often used on roofs, floors and some other areas to regulate the temperature within the shop house or building. Figure 128: Floor Tiles
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.1.1c Lime Lime can be used between bricks as mortar, as plaster to cover the brickworks, and also finishes. It is also used to join roof tiles together as binder. Lime remain sufficiently flexible to allow thermal and moisture movement but additionally, due to the pressence of uncarbonated lime, any minor cracks are subsequently healed by the action of rainwater.
Figure 129: First Floor Room 1
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.1.1d Stone Stone is a durable material suitable to be used as foundation, base or as a stone corbel, supporting the first floor slab. It is also porous that allows air and water to pass through it. It is also a good heat insulator that help to moderate the temperature of the interior. Figure 130: Stone Corbel
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 77 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.1.2 Modern Materials As time passes, many new materials are created and found. Each having better, stronger properties compared to the older materials. But since this building is a Category 2 building with reference to UNESCO guidelines, it can’t do too much changes to the building itself. The renovation must be a minor one and the materials must be carefully chosen. Overall, the new materials do provide the building a stronger and much more durable structure but it is still important to preserve the building’s original outlook.
Figure 131: Wall
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.1.2a Cement The starting materials for cement are chalk or limestone and clay, which consist mainly of lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide. Cement is very workable and easy to be applied on. Not only that, it is very economical as its usually applied onto the walls that are damaged because cement is a very flexible material.
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 78 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.1.2b Zinc Sheets Zinc was not produced industrially until the mid eighteenth century, and was not in common use on buildings until the nineteenth century. Zinc is a good heat conductor and it is very lightweight, therefore lessens the burden on the old timber structures of the roof. Zinc sheet is manufactured by continuous casting and rolling in a range of thickness to a maximum coil width of 1000mm.
Figure 132: Roof
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.1.2c Steel Steel are alloys of iron and carbon. Economical as it is mass produced and is cheaper than wood. It is also much stronger and is able to withstand greater load and force. The steel structure are mostly used as handrails, perspex roof truss(Airwells), window’s frame etc.
Figure 133: Railings
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.1.2d Corrugated Perspex Perspex is an excellent combination of toughness, transparency, heat and flame resistance. Not only it’s light weight, it also allows light to penetrates in. It comes in various colors, giving the space a more aesthetic view. It is now used to cover the air well in this building.
Figure 134: Airwell Roof
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 79 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.2 Materials Handling Techniques 8.2.1 Roof Construction There are purlins above the ceiling, which a horizontal structure is made of timber that supports all the weight above it. At the top of the purlin lies the battens, which are the vertical structures opposing the purlins, supporting all the terra cotta tiles which are laid nicely on top of it as the roof of the building.
Figure 135: Roof Construction
Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 80 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.2.2 Ground Floor Slab Construction Aggregate such as sand and stones are added above the ground and this actually give the building a much stronger base. After that, lime mortar will be added on to the aggregate as there are no concrete back in the olden days. Later on, a layer of terracotta tiles will be added on to the lime mortar as finishes and also decoration. Some richer family will use imported tiles such as the decorative encaustic clay tiles.
Figure 136: Ground Floor Slab Construction
Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 81 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.2.3 First Floor Slab Construction As for the first floor slab, timber wall plate were inserted to act as a support to the main beams. Timber floor joists will then be added onto the beams. Later on, pieces of timber plank will later be added on to the top of the joist. A gap will be leave in between of all timber plank allowing the plank to have enough spaces to expand when the weather is hot.
Figure 137: First Floor Slab Construction
Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 82 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.2.4 Wall Construction The walls of this building work as load bearing walls, this means it supports all the upper floors above it. In the beginning, bricks are the only material that were used. It is very strong and has an exceptional durability. Lime mortar are then used to bind the bricks together and form a stronger structure. A layer of lime plaster will then be added onto it to cover the layer of bricks
Figure 138: Wall Construction
Source : Georgetown World Heritage Property Leaflet
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 83 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.3 Construction Elements 8.3.1 Ground Floor 8.3.1a Exterior Columns (Shanghai Plaster & Relief Writing) A smooth round surface is added onto the previous column, the material used is Shanghai plaster. Mixture of cement and tiny stones will give the column a strong and water proofing characteristic. To create relief writings, newspapers are tear into smaller pieces and mixed together with cement. Newspaper will help the cement to stick onto the column and also it is very flexible, in other words, it can be made out of the mixture. Figure 139: Exterior Column
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.3.1b Front Door (Aluminium Framed Glass) The door has a modern design. In order to construct the door, an aluminium casing is placed onto the building first. Then a glass door with steel frame is added into the casing. Aluminium and glass is a very durable material. It is also safer and more secure compared to olden day’s wooden door.
Figure 140: Front Door
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 84 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.3.1c 3-Dimensional Decoration (Plaster) Plaster bats and floral ornamental motifs are molded onto the arches. It was molded using plaster made by grinding lime with sand. It has good working qualities, high water retention and freedom from shrinkage and cracking compared to cement. But it only give low strengths, which is why it was chosen as the decoration’s material.
Figure 141: Arches
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.3.1d Decorative Encaustatic Floor Tiles (Clay) Encaustic clay tiles are handmade instead of using machines therefore there are imperfections. They were made from fine special blue clay which enables the tiles to be made thin and the surface to be smooth. To make the tiles hard and impervious, a misture of ground glass and pottreyware may be added to the clay in the required dose.
Figure 142: Floor Tiles
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 85 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.3.1e Granite Pavements Granites are hard and dense, and thus form highly durable building materials, virtually impermeable to water, resistant to impact damage and stable within industrial environments. The appearance of granite is significantly affected by the surface finish which may be sawn, rough punched, picked, fine tooled, honed or polished.
Figure 143: Granite
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.3.1f Toilet Wall (Concrete) Concrete is a mixture of aggregates, cement and water, with any other admixture which will modify the concrete’s properties. Concrete is used as it is thermal insulated, has high-frquency sound absorption, last but not least it is also fire resistance.
Figure 144: Airwell 2
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 86 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.3.2 First Floor 8.3.2a Glazed Casement Windows (Steel Frame With Glass) Steel frame are added on to it later in order to create a shape for the window. Pieces of glass will be added on to it and coloured glass are used in the old shop houses because it provides a shading function and also creates a very beautiful effect to the interior space. Colour is added to the glass by adding metallic salts, and also by painting. Figure 145: Floor Tiles
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.3.2b Ceiling (Asbestos) Asbestos is made of hydrous silicates of calicium and magnesium. It is fire resistant, heat insulator, rust free and also a good adhension with cement. But asbestos do have harmful effect, breathing in of asbestos fibre for a long time after the exposure will result lodge in the lungs.
Figure 146: Ceiling
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 87 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.3.2c Airwell Roofs (Corrugated Perspex) During the olden days, Polycarbonate were yet to be created. Perspex are widely used due to their high impact resistance, good optical transparency and low ignitability. Perspex offer lightweight alternative to traditional cast glass blocks.
Figure 147: Airwell Roofing
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.3.2d
Wooden Partition With Lattice Screen (Timber)
Wooden partitions are used throughout the shop house to separate the spaces within. Timber panels are fixed on the timber frames and lattice screen are usually installed on the top of the partition for ventilation purpose. It also reflects the owners’ wealth and status in the society.
Figure 148: Wooden Partition With Lattice Screen Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 88 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.3.2e Lattice Screen (Timber) Lattices are used for air ventilation in the olden buildings, including the shophouse we’re doing. They are usually designed in intricite details that requites carpenters of good craftmanship.
Figure 149: Lattice Screen
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.3.2f Staircase (Timber) The type of stairs in this shop house is the staight staircase, an enclosed riser arrangement the stringer in this building’s staircase has rebated treads. The lowest step for this staircase is a bullnose step made out of granite, one of the end having a quarter circle design.
Figure 150: Wooden Staircase
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 89 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
8 MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
8.3.2g Balustrade - Staircase I (Timber) The balustrades are carefully carved out of timber. It is believed that there are some Chinese influences in the design of the balustrades as the design is quite complicated itself. All the balustrades have different sizes because every one of them are all fully hand crafted.
Figure 151: Wooden Staircase
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
8.3.2h Balustrade - Staircase II (Timber) This balustrade are built at the walkway which is heading towards the extended out rear terrace. The balustrade are handmade and are believed that it brings the influence from the Malay peranakan balustrade design as it is crafted in one whole stick instead of piece.
Figure 152: Balustrade
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 90 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
9. BUILDING DEFECTS & DILAPIDATIONS 9.1 Defects And Problems In order to characterize the existing damage found in Lian Huat Company, seven groups of defects and problems were considered in the envelope of the building:
Figure 153: Wall Defects
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 91 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
9 BUILDING DEFECTS & DILAPIDATION
9.1.1 Floor Slab Settlement (Cracking) Floor slab settlement can be identified when there is a sloping floor slab or cracks in the floor tiles, as well as seperation in hardwood floor. This is due to the site is built on swampy soil. When unstable soils are used as a base for a foundation, the tendency for movement is transmitted to the foundation. Since soil movement is rarely uniform, the foundation is subjected to a differential or upheaval. Thus, this differential movement causes cracks or other damages on the floor slabs. Figure 154: Cracking Of Floor Slab
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
9.1.2 Bulging Walls Modern materials added on such as cement or paint prevents moisture from escaping. As moisture contains salt, these substances will eventually accumulate within the walls and crystallise, causing bulging on the wall.
Figure 155: Bulging Wall
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 92 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
9 BUILDING DEFECTS & DILAPIDATION
9.1.3 Corrosion Of Steel
Due to the shophouse is located close to the sea, the moisture level within the air has a high salt content which fasten the process of steel corrosion. Therefore, steel structure is advised to be coated with paint to prevent exposure of moisture.
Figure 156: Corrosion Of Steel
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
9.1.4 Defective Plaster Rendering Defective plaste rendering occurs mostly on the external walls, columns and ceiling. Normally, it caused by biological attacks arising from penetrating rain, evaporation, condensation and thermal stress. Prior to being decomposed and broken apart, renderings may crack due to either shrinkage in the substrate.
Figure 157: Defective Plaster Rendering
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 93 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
9 BUILDING DEFECTS & DILAPIDATION
9.1.5 Timber Deterioration (Dry Rot) Dry rot is timber deterioration caused by certain species of fungi that digest parts of the wood which resulted in a darkly coloured deteriorated and cracked condition. Besides, timber is not fire-proof , thus it is dangerous if there’s an occurance of fire as it may spread to the whole house easily. Furthermore, timber attracts termites that pose a threat to damp and digestible timber commonly found in wall plates, the feet of rafters, as well as bearing ends of beams and trusses at the first floor which is mostly made out of timber or wood. Lastly, cracks and patches found at wood panels from the first floor due to heavy loads and heavy duty work conducted on it throughout the decades.
Figure 158: Dry Rot On Timber Door Frame
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
9.1.6. Biological Activity The presence of swiftlet creates significant disturbance noise, horrible smell, property damage and unsanitary conditions inside the shophouse. The droppings from the swallow can be observed in every enclosed area of the shop house. Dried bird droppings may become airborne and carry Cryptococcus, which can cause lung infections. As workers come in contact directly with the equipment and materials they are also prone to skin diseases or food poisoning if their hands are not washed properly prior to eating.
Figure 159: Dried Birds Faeces On Partition
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 94 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
9 BUILDING DEFECTS & DILAPIDATION
9.1.7. Efflorescence
Efflorescence is a crystalline deposit on surfaces of masonry or concrete. Humidity has a definite effect on the apearance of salt thus efflorescence are mostly occurred on concrete masonry that is exposed to high humidity. Concrete masonry is somewhat porous; evaporation of the salt bearing water usually takes place before reaching the surface when exposed to a drying atmosphere. The hydroxides are converted by reaction with the carbon dioxide of the air to alkali and calcium carbonates. Efflorescence in the form of alkali chlorides and sulphates is formed when the structure is surrounded, exposed, or in contact with salt-bearing water or soil and appears as columnar or whisker-like crystals.
Figure 160: Crystalline Deposit On Wall Surface Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 95 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
10. CONCLUSION Like many other countries in which building conservation seem a straightforward repair, must sometimes be inflicted on buildings if they are fairly new practice, Malaysia faces several problems in dealing with the to continue to be useful and wanted. Conservation, therefore, may entail issues of historic buildings. more than repair. Destruction is invariably wasteful and may be positively damaging, while the creation and conservation of good buildings is always Based from the research findings, we can conclude that most of the worthwhile where repair and maintenance may seem a modest unglamdefects that occur at historic buildings in Malaysia were at external walls orous activity that can be continuity ofpast, present and future, working followed by internal walls and etc. Therefore, building owners should take closely with historic buildings, scan be sheer pleasure, and making them special care and considerations at these building elements in order to pre- good in the Malaysian way, indeed be glorious. vent defects from occur in the future. It should be understood that conservation is the action taken to Understanding the common building defects is simply a logical way of prevent decay, embracing all acts that prolong the life of cultural and natural proceedingfrom the evidence to the cause of a defect, after which remedies heritage. Approaches in conservation include three major aspects, that is, can be prescribed. The more that can be found about why defects have preservation, restoration and renovation. However, the current practice is occurred, the more can be fedback through the repair works by the profes- focussing more on building conservation and preservation rather than the sionals responsible for the conservation works. setting. Affecting the plight of the old shop houses whose main attribute is its group value and setting. It is common to find only certain shop houses in Good repair practice is central to good conservation in Malaysia. Repair the row to be preserved whilst the rest were subjected to the hideous renwould be the only action required to enable historic buildings to survive. The ovation works that totally destroy the aesthetic value of the row of old shop present reality, however is that other sorts of intervention may be necessary houses. to accommodate change. Alteration of one sort or another, in addition to LIAN HUAT COMPANY 96 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
11. REFERENCES & APPENDICES
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 97 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
11 REFERENCES AND APPENDICES
11.1 References
Ahmad, D. A. (2004). Understanding common building defects. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.
Peng, L. C. (2002). Ultimate Tourism Info Malaysia : PENANG Pearl Of The Oriental. Malaysia: Tourism Info Production Sdn. Bhd.
Bakri, N. N. (2013). General Building Defects: Causes, Symptoms and Remedial Work. Malaysia : Academic Publishing House Researcher .
Rozliani Mansor, M. A. (2012). Categorization of General Problems and Defects. ANALELE UNIVERSITĂłII .
Designs, C. (1999). The Real Guide’s PENANG Complete Visitor Handbook. Penang, Malaysia: ScanPress Sdn Bhd.
Tan, Y. W. (2015, January 21). The Tradition and Construction of Penang Heritage Shop Houses. (Lee,J.Y. , Interviewer)
Echo vs. Reverbeation. (n.d). Retrieved February 25 ,2015) from http:// www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/er.cfm
Teow, S.N. (2015, January 20). The History of Lian Huat Company. ( Lee, J.Y. , Interviewer)
GTWHI (2015). Traditional Shophouse. Retrieved from Penang Shophouses: http://penangshophouse.com.my/?page_id=191
Varghese, P. (2011). Building Materials. Sri Lanka: PHI Learning Private Limited.
Hijas, M. (2015, January 21). The History of Carnarvon Street and Penang Heritage Shop Houses. ( Lee, J.Y. , Interviewer) Lim, J. (2012, May 6). Chinese ShopHouses – The South East Asia Urban Vernacular Architecture Wonder. Retrieved from http://blog.japhethlim. com/index.php/2012/05/06/chinese-shophouses-the-south-east-asia-urban-vernacular-architecture-wonder/ Lyons, A. (2010). Materials for Architects & Builders Fourth Edition. London and New York: Routledge. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 98 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
11.2 Interview Transcript 11.2.1 MR. TEOH SIENG NAM - OWNER OF LIAN HUAT COMPANY Joyee: Hello uncle, 我们是泰莱大学来的。我叫joyee, 可不可以请uncle先做一个自我介绍？？ Joyee: Hello uncle, we’re from Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus. My name is Joyee, would you mind introducing yourself, tell us more about you? Mr.Teoh : 我是 Teow Sieng Nam 赵善南。 Mr. Teoh: Hi there, my name is Teow Sieng Nam. Joyee：想问一下赵先生你今年几岁? Joyee: May I ask how old are you sir? Mr.Teoh : 今年68岁。 Mr. Teoh: I’m 68 years old. Joyee:让我们来从新了解，你是第一位接手你父亲的生意的人？？ Joyee: So let me make this clear, are you the first person ever to inherit your father’s business? Mr.Teoh : 是的 Mr. Teoh: Yes. Joyee:那这间店的历史是有多久了？？ Joyee: Tell me more about the history of this shop. Mr.Teoh : 如果以建筑方面来谈，应该有一百多年了。做生意就没有那么久。 Mr. Teoh: It should be around a hundred years in terms of the construction of this building, excluding the starting of our business here. Joyee:那我听说百多年以前，这里不是纸厂？？ Joyee: Based on my understanding, this shop was not a paper factory, is that true? Mr.Teoh : 是的，这里以前是卖土产的。比如卖咖啡豆，椰干， 摈榔等等 Mr. Teoh: Indeed. Long long time ago, they used to sell local products here such as coffee beans, copra, areca nuts and more. Joyee:那个时候是已经独立了吗？？ Joyee: Was Malaysia declared independent back then? Mr.Teoh : 还没有，那个时候还没有独立。之前是卖土产的，再后来改成了卖电器的。 Mr. Teoh: Oh no. After they close this business, this shop was used as an electronic store. Joyee: 然后接下来？？就是哪个医院了？？ Joyee: What’s next then? A hospital? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 99 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh : 哦不，医院在隔壁。 Mr. Teoh: Oh no no, the hospital was the next door. Joyee:所以电器再下来就是到你们了？？ Joyee: I see. So after the electronic shop closed down, you guys were the one taking over this shop? Mr.Teoh : 对对。 Mr. Teoh: Correct! Joyee: 所以是土产，电器，再到你们？？所以你们的纸厂一共营业了多久？？ Joyee: So it was local product, then electronic shop, then your business? So how long was your business started till now? Mr.Teoh : 从开始到现在，应该是有五十年左右。大约三四十年前才搬过来这里，以前是在别的地方 Mr. Teoh: From then till now, this business is more or less 50 years already. We moved in here around 40 years ago. Joyee: 哦，别的地方。那别的地方是在哪里？？ Joyee: Oh so it was another place, where was it then? Mr.Teoh : 以前是在 a quee 街。 Mr. Teoh: Last time was Ah Quee street. Joyee: Lebuh a quee?? 所以你父亲是第一代，你是第二代？ Joyee: Ah Quee street?? So your father was the one who started this business and you’re the second generation that inherit this business? Mr.Teoh : 对。 Mr. Teoh: Yes. Joyee: 呃，我们想多了解这个屋子的变化。 Joyee: I see. We want to know more about the transformation of this shop, any idea about it? Mr.Teoh : 屋子本身是没有什么太大的变化，和别的屋子最大的不同可能就是屋顶，买这间屋子前屋顶就已经改过了。门也有改 过，没有那么宽。之前是木门，现在改成店面式。屋顶也有改过，之前都是瓦，因为漏水，那个是我们改的。 Mr. Teoh: Honestly speaking, there aren’t much changes. But the key difference of this shop and others would be the roof. It was renovated before we bought this shop. The doors were wider back then and were made of timber. After renovation, the door is now a storefront style. The roof was made of tiles before the transformation (Because of water leakage). Joyee:这里有两间房子，可以告诉我他们之间的分别吗？？ Joyee: What’s so different about these two shophouses over here? Mr.Teoh : 分别不大，可是那间之前是医院所以有很多房间。而且屋顶也改过了 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 100 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Teoh: They are pretty much the same, but this one has a lot of rooms due to the fact that it was a hospital last time. Its roof was renovated too. Joyee:你们买的时候是一次过买两间？？ Joyee: Did you buy the two shops altogether? Mr.Teoh : 没有没有，我们是先买了现在这间。过了十多年后再买了另外一间。因为那个医生要退休了，而且孩子也要移民国 外，所以卖掉了。 Mr. Teoh: No no, we bought the one we’re using currently first and bought the other one after a decade or so. The doctor wanted to sell this shop because he’s going to retire and his family is migrating. Joyee:所以你们刚买这间的时候，旁边还是医院？ Joyee: So the next door was still a hospital when you first bought this shop? Mr.Teoh : 刚买的时候旁边还是药房，普通clinic 这样的。 Mr. Teoh: It was a pharmacy back then, something like a clinic. Joyee: 我想多了解旁边的屋子，所以他从一开始就已经是医院了？ Joyee: I’m curious about this shop next door. So it was a hospital to begin with? Mr.Teoh : 我听人家说，这里以前是产房。 Mr. Teoh: From what i acknowledged, it was a maternity ward. Joyee : 那个医生很出名的？？ Joyee: Was the doctor famous? Mr.Teoh : 那个医生叫颜医生，doctor Gan。 Mr. Teoh: Everyone here calls him Dr. Gan. Joyee:那有什么证据可以证明这里是医院吗？？ Joyee: Can you prove that it was a hospital? Mr.Teoh : 在我们还没买之前，他们还在营业。所以现在在楼上还留着很多仪器。比如针筒之类的。 Mr. Teoh: When this shop was yet to be bought, the hospital was still in business and surgical tools such as syringe were left on the top floor. Joyee: 还在里面？？为什么还留着的？？好特别。 Joyee: It was left up there? Why? That’s odd! Mr.Teoh : 因为拿出去没有人要用，没有人要买，太旧了。所以只好摆在那里当古董。 Mr. Teoh: It is because the tools are too old, no one wants to buy it or take it away, so they can only leave it there as antique. Joyee: 刚刚你提到那里有很多小小间的房间？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 101 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: You’ve mentioned about a small room just now, what was it all about? Mr.Teoh : 对，那些小小间的房间是用来让病人睡的，后来拆开了。这间屋子，前面是用来看诊，后面是住家，楼上就让病人休 息。 Mr. Teoh: Oh yeah, the room was used as a ward, but was demolished later then. So basically the front of the shop is the clinic, the back is the living space and the top floor would be the ward for the patients to rest. Joyee : 呃，那这间屋子有什么特别大的装修吗？？ Joyee: So are there any special renovation in this shop? Mr.Teoh : 特别的装修应该是屋顶，屋顶吧。 Mr. Teoh: Special renovation would be the roof i guess. Joyee: 那，这个医生有没有为了他的病人对这间屋子做出什么改变？？ Joyee: Did the doctor do any transformation on this shop specially for his patients? Mr.Teoh : 应该就只是那个一个个小小的房间吧。 Mr. Teoh: I guess it’s only the small room. Joyee: 然后，我们刚刚有注意到里面到处都是燕子。 Joyee: Oh yeah, we realized there are swallows flying everywhere. Mr.Teoh : 那个燕子都是自己飞来的。 Mr. Teoh: They are all wild birds from the outside. Joyee:那，是什么时候开始飞来的？ Joyee: When did they start nesting here ? Mr.Teoh : 我们一开始买的时候都还没有有燕子的，后来时间久了就自己飞来。 Mr. Teoh: There aren’t any birds around when we started our business, but as time goes, they joined our space without us realizing. Joyee: 所以一开始买的时候就已经有了？？ Joyee: So its been more than 30 years when they started nesting in the shop? Mr.Teoh : 是 Mr. Teoh: Correct. Joyee：那，一开始有没有很惊讶？就突然又燕子飞进来？？ Joyee: Were you surprised when the swallow first flew in? Mr.Teoh : 惊讶是没有啦，只是觉得这样是很特别的，因为没有看过。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 102 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Teoh: I wouldn’t call it surprise, but it was fascinating to see such scenery. Joyee：酱有想过去收燕窝当副业？？ Joyee: Have you consider collecting bird’s nest as your part time job? Mr.Teoh : 没有，因为燕窝的产量很少。因为如果真的要养，整个环境都要改过。环境不可以那么亮，要暗一点。后来政府也 反对我们养燕子，所以我们就到处放网围起来。就只是几年前的事情，政府不鼓励我们养因为会破坏整个市容。因为如果要 争取world heritage，会有影响。 Mr. Teoh: Oh no, the amount of bird’s nest here is too little, and even if we were to do such business, the entire environment have to be altered, such as lessening the light intensity. And since the government disapproves, we can only put nettings all around to avoid them entering. The government told us that the keeping of swallows will affect the image of the town, and at the same time stopping us from earning the world heritage inscription. Joyee:燕子的出现会不会影响生意？？比如你们的纸张 Joyee: Will the swallows affect your business, for example the papers? Mr.Teoh :纸张可以盖着啊。 Mr. Teoh: Oh the papers can be covered. Joyee：可是你们的墙壁。 Joyee: But what about the wall? Mr.Teoh : 墙壁比较肮胀。 Mr. Teoh: The wall usually appears to be more dirty. Joyee：那燕子吐出来的你们会收集吗？？ Joyee: Then would you collect the saliva produced by the birds? Mr.Teoh : 会啦，会。只是那个分量很少，就只是看看下。 Mr. Teoh: Oh yes yes, we would. But that was just a little amount and we collect it just to take a glance at it. Joyee：那有什么特别的事情发生吗？？ Joyee: Understood. Are there any things that would happen in the shop occasionally? Mr.Teoh : 有，之前就有小偷进来偷燕子。那时候已经放工了，所以大多数电流已经关掉了。小偷拿着火进来，到处照所以后 面有一个部分烧掉了。 Mr. Teoh: Yes. There was once a thief who broke into our shop to steal swallows. Most of our electronic source were switched off because it everyone was off work. The thief have no choice but to use a fire torch and since he was moving around, the back part of the house was burnt. Joyee: 那烧掉了怎么办？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 103 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: What happened after that? Mr.Teoh : 没有办法，只好装修过。后面屋顶全部木的都给烧掉了，天花板也烧掉了。可是旁边那间楼上没有燕子楼下有，这边 楼下没有楼下也没有有 Mr. Teoh: We have no choice but to fix it. The timber part of the roof and the ceiling was burnt. But in the entire building, only the lower floor of the side building have bird nests. Joyee:为什么呢？？ Joyee: Why is that so? Mr.Teoh : 我也不知道哦， Mr. Teoh: I’m not so sure about it too. Joyee：可能那间屋子环境比较阴凉啦。那旁边那些别的屋子会有燕子吗？？ Joyee: Maybe its because of the humid condition. Does that mean that the same area of other shops have swallow nest too? Mr.Teoh :应该没有吧。可能有，可是他们没有讲起吧。 Mr. Teoh: I don’t think so. Maybe there is, not that i’ve been told. Joyee：问一下哦，旁边邻居在你们搬来的时候已经是金店了？？ Joyee: Do you mind if i ask, were the shop next door a jewelry shop since you moved in? Mr.Teoh : 对，很早以前就已经是金店了，金店做了很久了。 Mr. Teoh: Yes. Their business have been here for a long time. Joyee：那，另外一个旁边的电屋是做什么的？？ Joyee: What about the shop on the other side? Mr.Teoh : 之前是印度人古力住的，他们里面做很多就是买卖酒瓶子的。收集了很多，洗干净又拿出来卖了。可以用来装药， 装酒等等。 Mr. Teoh: It was once reside by Indian workers, and what they do there was buying and selling beer bottles. After collect a large amount, they will wash it clean and sell it out. It can be used to keep medicines or even recycled to used as a brand new beer bottles. Joyee：所以一整间都是外劳的？？ Joyee: So the entire shophouse was full of foreigners? Mr.Teoh : 印度人，当时没有外劳的。大多数都是印度人。 Mr. Teoh: They are all Indians, no foreigners at that time. Majority of them are Indians. Joyee：那大概有多少个印度人？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 104 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: How many people resides there? Mr.Teoh : 没有去算可是当时最多都有百多位。 Mr. Teoh: We’re not sure but from what we’ve seen, there are more than a hundred of them. Joyee：隔壁卖金的也是华人？？ Joyee: So the jewelry shop next door was owned by Chinese? Mr.Teoh : 对 Mr. Teoh: You’re right! Joyee：所以这整条街都是华人印度人的？？ Joyee: So this street is mainly lived by Chinese and Indian? Mr.Teoh : 对对，之前印度人都是在这里租房子的。因为以前虽然都有屋租法令，可是屋租都很便宜，所以印度人都不要搬。 以前如果没有记错整间店的租金才百多块，非常的便宜。 Mr. Teoh: Yes yes. They were many Indians rented the shop houses here to live in. Although there were terms and conditions to rent a house, but since it is very cheap to rent one, they will choose to stay here for a very long time. If i’m not mistaken, you can waste a little more than a hundred ringgit just to rent one shophouse, which is very cheap. Joyee：我读过报纸讲说，以前屋子的租金最高可以去到四百三，可是现在至少都要六千。 Joyee: From what i’ve researched, the rental fees back then will top at a price of three to four hundred ringgit, but you need at least 6000 ringgit to rent one now. Mr.Teoh : 是这样的，因为以前有受过屋租法令。 Mr. Teoh: True, this is caused by the terms and condition i mentioned just now. Joyee：所以在当时那个时候，你的父亲为什么会看中这间店？？ Joyee: I see. Why would your father choose this shophouse at the first place? Mr.Teoh : 当时在旧的屋子地方比较小。这里地方比较大。 Mr. Teoh: This is because our old shophouse was much smaller compared to this. Joyee：为什么会选中这间呢？ Joyee: But why this very shop of all the others? Mr.Teoh : 哦，是中介人介绍的。 Mr. Teoh: It was recommended by an agency. Joyee：可不可以大概介绍一下你的家人？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 105 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: I see. Do you mind introducing your family? Mr.Teoh : 我爸爸是从中国来的，是福州人。那我妈妈呢是本地人 (Setiawan)，因为大家是福州人。经过媒人介绍就认识了。 他们都会讲福建话。 Mr.Teoh: My dad is from Fu Zhou, China and my mum is a local, from Setiawan, and since they were both Fu Zhou people, they were introduced by a matchmaker and eventually get to know each other. They can even communicate well with each other because both of them can speak Hokkien. Joyee：为什么会开始这个纸厂的生意？？ Joyee: What made them want to start this business?? Mr.Teoh : 这个是因为当时有这个福建龙岩，一个地方会馆。 Mr.Teoh: This is because there was a Hokkien association called Long Yan. Joyee：所以龙岩是一个地方做纸的？？ Joyee: So this Long Yan is a place where people produce paper? Mr.Teoh :不，怎么说呢。好像通常海南人来到别人的地方就会开茶餐厅，那一班福建人一起来到就互相帮忙一起开这间纸厂。 Mr.Teoh: Not really. How can i put it in words? Basically Hainan people moved here to open a restaurant and the group of Hokkien people came along to help them. In the end they all worked together and thus this paper factory was opened. Joyee：那时做到很大？？ Joyee: Was it a big business back then? Mr.Teoh : 很大，当时槟城是自由港。世界各地的人都来买，比如泰国人，印尼人，印度人，缅甸等等。当时的槟城很活跃， 船很方便。 Mr.Teoh: Oh it was very big. Back then Penang was a freeport, people from countries all around the world such as Thailand, Indonesia, India and Myanmar would come over to buy goods because of the convenience of water transportation. Joyee：这间店有没有经过世界第二大战？？ Joyee: Was this shop opened before or after the World War 2? Mr.Teoh : 应该是有的。我们才刚买不久，才几十年，不是很清楚。 Mr.Teoh: We’re not really sure about that. All i know is that we’ve bought this shop for a few decades already. Joyee：这间店之前的屋主是一个怎样的人？？ Joyee: What kind of person were the first owner of this shop? Mr.Teoh : 第一任的屋主我不记得了，可是我有那个他们留下来的地契。以前隔壁颜医生的儿子，到英国去游玩看到这里的地 契所以买了下来 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 106 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh :I don’t really remember anything about the first owner. But they actually left their lease here. Doctor Gan’s son actually saw the lease and decided to buy it. Joyee：那原本这间店屋的屋主呢？？ Joyee: Then what about the first owner of this shophouse? Mr.Teoh : 应该是一个发展商，这四间店都是同一个发展商。 Mr.Teoh: He was a developer if i’m not mistaken. Joyee：叫什么名字？？ Joyee: What’s his name? Mr.Teoh :不记得了那个发展商，可是在那个地契可以找得到。 Mr.Teoh: We don’t remember much about the owner, but we still have the lease kept nicely. Joyee：所以那个颜医生应该是第一任接手那间店的？？ Joyee: So Dr. Gan should be the first person to take over this shop huh? Mr.Teoh : 对，应该是第一任。 Mr.Teoh: Well yes, he should be the very first one. Joyee：哦，这条街。可以大概大概告诉我这条街的历史？？这里以前出名什么？？ Joyee: What a historical street. Is it possible for you to roughly tell me the history of this street? Mr.Teoh : 就是书局，大多数都是书局，还有就是做棺材店 。以前在komtar那里有一条canal,运河，可以直接通往市区。 Mr.Teoh: Book stores are the main business in this street. Not only that, there were also some coffin shops around. Long long time ago, there was a canal at Komtar that connects directly to the city. Joyee：进到哪里？？ Joyee: Where does it connect to? Mr.Teoh : 那个现在八脚鱼那里。 Mr.Teoh : It is now at the “Ba Jiao Yu” area. Joyee：哦，八脚鱼那里我知道。可是现在没有了是吗？？ Joyee: Oh, i know that place. I’m pretty sure that area was long gone huh? Mr.Teoh : 没有了，越做越小了。早期这里全部都是稻田。 Mr.Teoh: Yeah, the area got smaller and smaller. Before this, it was all paddy field. Joyee：然后怎样变成一条一条路？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 107 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: And how are all these small paths formed? Mr.Teoh : 在广东话他们叫“lam chan na”,就代表很多草。全部米很多米放在一起晒。米割了就晒。以前他们这里叫lam chan na 华 语就是大泉采。 Mr.Teoh: They call it “Lam Chan Na” in cantonese, which means a lot of grass. When a lot of grains were harvested and dried off under the sun. In mandarin, this is called “Da Quan Chai” Joyee：哦这里lebuh carnarvon叫大泉采。 Joyee：Oh so the Lebuh Carnavon was called “Da Quan Chai” in chinese? Mr.Teoh : 对，大泉采。忘记怎样写了。可是是lam chan na lam chan na Mr.Teoh : Indeed. And its called Lam Chan Na in cantonese. Joyee：哦，那这里怎样变成一条街？？ Joyee：Oh, how did this place ended up as a street? Mr.Teoh : 变成一条街是因为他没有用到所以变成一条街。 Mr.Teoh : It is now a street because it wasn’t in used last time. Joyee：谁没有用到？？是马来西亚人还是英国人？？ Joyee：Who did not use it? Was it the Malaysian or the British? Mr.Teoh : 英国人。 Mr.Teoh : The British Joyee：哦，所以英国人统治后才有这条街。然后才开始有书局买东西的？？ Joyee: I see, so this street was formed after the British Empire in Malaysia, and after that comes the book stores right? Mr.Teoh : 以前他们说这里是做棺材的要很多木，因为木材很大也很重，要搬很多木，这里地方比较近所以比较方便。 Mr.Teoh : Wood was an essential to build coffins, and since they are very heavy and a large amount of them are needed, living here isn’t just close but convenient. Joyee：哦，那个湖？ Joyee：Oh the lake? Mr.Teoh : 不是，那个运河。他载很多木上来。 Mr.Teoh : Nono, its the canal that was used to send the woods over. Joyee：所以不是靠近码头？？ Joyee：So it wasn’t that close to the jetty? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 108 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh :不是靠近码头，这里有运河进来。因为这里的木全部从外面运进来的，从霹雳州啊，有些外地来啊。运河很方便啊 Mr.Teoh: Not at all. The woods are usually sent from further places such as Perak and other states, so transporting it through the canal is very convenient. Joyee：所以文具也很方便？因为做纸全部用木来做. Joyee：So making stationaries were easy back then because the papers were made of wood, am I right? Mr.Teoh : 没有啦，以前全部纸进口那时候没有做纸的。卖纸就只有拜神纸，这里没有做纸的，槟城很少。 Mr.Teoh : Not really. The only uses of paper during that time was for praying. Penang don’t usually produce paper back then. Joyee：为什么？？ Joyee：Why not? Mr.Teoh : 以前最多只有拜神纸，因为容易做，用那些纸碎。因为以前槟城全部做纸都是进口的，中国最早开始的后来是欧 洲，英国欧洲。以前在中国最常见的纸，是叫做马粪纸。 Mr.Teoh : Most paper were used to make praying papers, because it was easy to make. Back then papers were transported to Penang, from countries such as China, Europe and UK. The most common paper from China was known as strawboard. Joyee：马粪纸是用马粪来做的?? Joyee：Were strawboards made of horse droppings? Mr.Teoh :是，用马粪做的。马粪纸是做什么呢？做我们这种盒子，因为马是吃什么呢？吃草，稻草。然后他们把马粪冲干然后 做成简单的马粪纸。马粪纸是拿来做纸皮的，黄色的。后来进步了，没有用马粪来做了。 Mr.Teoh : You’re right. What are the uses of strawboards you might be asking. It can be used to make boxes, because horse eats grass and hay, and after drying its droppings, it can be used to make strawboards. The yellow colored strawboards are used to make cardboard box, but as the technology improves, strawboards were no longer in use. Joyee：那现在还是有运输外面的纸，还是？？ Joyee：Are papers still imported from other places now? Mr.Teoh : 现在本地有做，很多。 Mr.Teoh : Not really. Nowadays even Malaysia produces a very large amount of papers. Joyee：酱是几时开始做的？？二三十年前？？ Joyee：How long ago did Malaysia start producing papers? 2 to 3 decades ago? Mr.Teoh :二三十年前已经开始做了，一开始都是做卫生纸。做recycle的纸酱的。 Mr.Teoh : 20 to 30 years ago they started making toilet papers and recycle papers. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 109 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee：然后才慢慢出产自己的纸？？ Joyee：And eventually they started producing their very own paper? Mr.Teoh : 有，有很多纸。本地做卫生纸，拜神纸做很久了的。纸皮啊，后来他们没有叫他马粪纸了，叫他纸皮了。而且原料 不一样，用废纸来做，recycle 的。 Mr.Teoh : Yeah, a large amount of it in fact. Our very own country produces different kind of papers such as toilet papers, praying papers which is produced long ago and strawboards used for boxes, but instead they name it cardboard, which is made of recycled papers instead of horse droppings. Joyee：又看到刚刚外面柱子写什么“精制.。” Joyee：I saw one of the pillar outside with the word “refined” written on it. Mr.Teoh : 那全部进口的，因为一开始的是后都是外国进口的，有欧洲。欧洲来很多，荷兰啊，德国啊，英国啊，一路来酱咯。 Mr.Teoh : Those are imported products from other countries such as Holland, Germany and England, and they were long term suppliers, so we’ve been working with them for awhile. Joyee：那你们怎样接生意的？？ Joyee：How do you get such a business from them? Mr.Teoh : 哦，以前比较好赚，做纸张的没有很多家。大多数聚在槟城。因为槟城方便运输,import 没有duty 然后拿去北海，然 后拿去外地卖。拿去霹雳州，吉隆坡甚至到柔佛。以前没有duty现在有，都是槟城，马六甲，可是槟城比较发达一点。所以 以前比较好做。 Mr.Teoh : Oh, business was much easier back then. Since we’re one of the few companies that supplies paper in Penang, and unlike now, transporting goods does not need to pay taxes back then, so we will import our goods to other states such as Terengganu, Perak, Kuala Lumpur and even Johor. Overall i still prefer the business back then than the present days. Joyee：呃，因为我们比较专注在那间店屋。可以告诉我们多一点吗？？你买了颜医生的店屋后，你有怎样特别去区分里面的 地方吗？？ Joyee：Since we focus more on that shophouse, mins telling us more about it? After owning Dr. Gan’s shop, have you planned to divide the areas inside? Mr.Teoh :没有没有没有，以前有想过是拿来做门面的，好像做retail酱的，retail是很像讲做领购，领购酱的 Mr.Teoh: Not really. But we do have the thought of making it our main facade, something like retail store. Joyee：哦，所以是说这里是做批发然后那里是做领购？？ Joyee：Oh, so this area is for supplying goods and that area is for purchasing? Mr.Teoh : 可是后来放着放着做货场酱的。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 110 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh : But after leaving it untouched for some time, it is more like a storage room now. Joyee：所以你一买了过后那边是放着做货场酱的?? Joyee：So ever since you bought the shop it’s been a store room to you? Mr.Teoh :对 Mr.Teoh: Yes Joyee：所以，刚刚看到那边有几个机器？ Joyee: Understood. I saw some of the machines just now. Mr.Teoh : 哦，那是简单的机器。订书的啊，包装的啊。 Mr.Teoh : Oh, those are some simple machines used for binding and packaging. Joyee：所以前面是简单的机器，后面是货场。那楼上呢?? Joyee：So the front was used to place machines, the back was the store room, what about the top floor then? Mr.Teoh : 楼上，楼上没有住人。以前有想过让大家住这里，可是想一想不方便所以没有住，空着。 Mr.Teoh : No one lives in the top floor currently, although we actually thought of making it a living space, but it wasn’t that convenient to us, so we left it empty. Joyee：哦，所以以前买下来是想上面给员工住然后下面是做纸场的？ Joyee：Oh, so the initial idea was for the workers to stay up there so it’s easier for them to come back down for work right? Mr.Teoh : 对。 Mr.Teoh : Correct. Joyee：所以现在上面都是空着的？？ Joyee: So it’s all empty up there? Mr.Teoh : 空着。 Mr.Teoh : Yeah Joyee：lian huat 是你父亲的名字？ Joyee：So was Lian Huat your father’s name? Mr.Teoh : 不是，联发是几个公司合起来，合股。就是几个合起来，发财。联发。 Mr.Teoh : Not really. It is actually a few different companies that forms together as a partnership in business, working altogether! Joyee：哦，所以联发的意思是连在一起发财？？ Joyee：So the meaning of Lian Huat is for you all to get together and be prosper? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 111 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh :他的意思是酱子的，联邦。。 Mr.Teoh :They were aiming to work together, as one. Joyee：所以你的父亲还有几个伙伴 Joyee：So it was your father and his other partners? Mr.Teoh : 大家亲戚来的，表哥表叔。 Mr.Teoh : They were actually relatives, uncles of mine mainly! Joyee：酱，有什么未来的打算吗？？ Joyee：So do you have any future plans? Mr.Teoh :最主要有接班人，因为儿子们都不感兴趣。其实这个行业还是可以做的，以前一百年前有造纸厂，现在一百年后还是 有造纸厂是不是？？这个行业还是可以做的。现在还是有用纸张的，是不是？？ Mr Teoh: Most importantly need to have a successor in the business, because my sons are not interested. This business is actually still workable, about 100 years ago has paper making factories, now after 100 years there’re still these factories, right? Joyee：怎样讲呢？现在用科技比较多，可是之还是有用的。 Joyee: How to say? The technology now is more advance, it’s still very useful. Mr.Teoh : 还是有用的啊，还是印很多纸。我觉得这一行还不错的，还可以做。 Mr. Teoh: Yes, it’s still useful,still can print a lot of papers. I think that this business is still not bad, still can work. Joyee：所以如果儿子不打算接班，那打算怎样？？ Joyee: If your son is not thinking of continue this business, how would you plan ? Mr.Teoh :可以啦，卖给别人让别人继续下去，顶给人家也可以啦。虽然现在用量比较少可是纸张现在越来越多样化啊。 Mr. Teoh: Can also, can sell to others for this business to continue, give it to others also can. Although the usage amount of paper now is lower, but there’re more variation in the types of papers. Joyee：接下来的问题，你觉得这种店面有好处还是坏处吗？？ Joyee: Next question, is there any advantage or disadvantage to this kind of shophouse? Mr.Teoh :好处的话可能就，搬了新的地方，成本贵地方便宜。 坏处可能就做批发这种大生意店屋不是很适合，应该找一个 正式的工厂造纸。因为以前一包是2-3kg, 可是现在一包是3quater tan，100多kg。建议用机器载货，但是上下貨不方便，很 重，所以这个地方不适合，要找工厂。 Mr. Teoh: The advantage maybe is that it shifted to a new place, the cost is expensive but the place is cheap. Disadvantage is that this kind of wholesale business is not that suitable in shophouse, it should be in an official paper making factory. Because last time one pack of paper was 2-3kg but now LIAN HUAT COMPANY 112 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
a pack is 3 quarter ton, 100kg, it is recommended to use machine to carry the papers, but machine is not suitable to use in shophouse like this, very heavy, that is why this place is not suitable, should find a factory. Joyee：那还有一个问题哦，这里地方潮湿所以燕子会飞进来。酱那个纸不会被影响到吗？？ Joyee: There’s another question, this place’s humidity attracts swallowsto fly in. So woudn’t the papers be affected? Mr.Teoh :会，会啊。偶尔会，所以要垫高。不要靠近地上因为地上潮湿。墙壁也是，墙壁潮湿。 Mr. Teoh: Yes, yes they will. Sometimes, that’s why needs to be lifted up. Not to contact with the floor because the floor is humid. The walls too, the walls are humid. Joyee: 这里只有一间店潮湿还是其它都一样？ Joyee: There’s only one shop has this situation or others too? Mr.Teoh : 大同小异啦，除非有改过，墙吸收水，海水起来有盐份，地上也是，因为地下水是有盐的。墙壁上白色是盐来的， 那水干了贴在上面，你摸看是盐来的 Mr. Teoh: They’re all about the same, except if it’s been renovated. The wall absorbs the water, sea water has salt. Floor also, because the underground water has salt too. The white layer on the walls is salt, the water evaporated and deposited on the wall, you can touch it. Joyee：酱呃，你可以解释一下地上的沟渠，因为他没有盖那个龙沟，所以弄到那个店屋不平？ Joyee: Oh, so can you explain the gullies, because they didn’t cover the gullies, so it affected the shophouse to be slanted? Mr.Teoh : 你讲那个地基是啊？我跟你讲这一排的建筑物也有影响，你可发觉到它外面向外倾斜下去，你注意看一下，这一 排。因为我问那个建筑师，他来survey，他以前做那个沟渠，那个沟渠已经弄到围墙破了，那么那水浸起来，那水带沙石在 流，往外流，所以它地基不稳，往外斜。 Mr. Teoh: Your talking about the foundation? This row of buildings also affected, you can see that they slanted outwards, if you see closely, this row. Because I’ve asked the architect, he came to do a survey, the gullies that were made has broken the enclosure, so the water flooded and carry away the sands and stones, makes he foundation to become unstable, thus, the building slanted outwards. Joyee：所以酱会造成什么威胁? Joyee: How would this situation threaten the environment? Mr.Teoh :整个会倒下去，向前。 Mr. Teoh: The whole building will fall down, at the front. Joyee：所以现在是慢性地。。。 Joyee: So it’s now slowly… Mr.Teoh : 对啊，慢慢倒下去，你可以注意看它有多斜，或者看楼上地板，它地板离开，一直在离开。因为它的墙一直往外斜， LIAN HUAT COMPANY 113 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
所以慢慢。。 Mr. Teoh: Yes, slowly falls down, you can see how slanted it is now, or can see the floors upstairs, the floors has torn apart, continuously. Because the walls continue to slant outwards. Joyee：所以有一天会倒下来？ Joyee: So one day it will fall down? Mr.Teoh : 不知道几时啦，要看政府想方法去辅助这些。因为沟渠在做的时候已经烂了嘛，所以沙石流逝很多，影响地基。 Mr. Teoh: No sure it’s when, have to see the supports by the government. Because when the gullies were completed they were already broken, cause the sands and stones to flow away, affect the foundation. Joyee：酱政府有知道有这些事情发生，或者Georgetown发生？ Joyee: So does the government knows about this happened, or in Georgetown? Mr.Teoh :应该是有，上次有跟他谈起了，他讲要怎样做？除非要大工程咯，你可以看到沟渠这么高没有盖洋灰，烂了就直接铺 上去罢了，应该政府要来做，可是这边上面看不到嘛，要整个开掉。 Mr. Teoh: I think they know, I’ve talked to them the other day, they said what to do? It needs a serious reconstruction, you can see the gullies are so high but didn’t cover with cement, if they’re broken just paste another layer of cement, it should be done by the government, but this defects cannot be seen from above, they have to be open up. Joyee：酱的话。。 Joyee: So… Mr.Teoh : 因为以前有一个建筑师来看嘛，我们没有注意到，那么一看，唉？这么会这样。 Mr. Teoh: Because last time there’s an architect came and have a look, we didn’t realize the defects before, but when he mentined it that’s when we saw, ey? Why it’s like this? Joyee：所以这个是意大利来嗒？ Joyee: Is this come from Italy? Mr.Teoh : 这个是意大利来的。 Mr. Teoh: They’r from Italy. Joyee：我们从前面看起。 Joyee: Let’s see from the front. Mr.Teoh :可以可以。。。 这块木是以前那个楼梯啊，那个拿掉的。很厚很厚。 Mr. Teoh: Yes, yes… This wood is from the stairs last time, that has been taken off. It’s very very thick. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 114 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee：所以这个是前门咯？ Joyee: So this is the front door? Mr.Teoh : 这个是有改过的，以前比较低啊，垫高起来 Mr. Teoh: This had been changed, last time it’s much more lower, so it’s lifter higher now. Joyee：为什么垫高？ Joyee: Why litfted up? Mr.Teoh：浸水嘛。所以垫高。 Mr. Teoh: Because of flood, so have to lift up. Joyee：所以以前一买了就改？ Joyee: So it changed once this shophouse was bought? Mr.Teoh： 以前比较低。 Mr. Teoh: Last time it was lower. Joyee：墙壁有做过嘛？ Joyee: Are the walls renovated? Mr.Teoh：墙壁有做过，因为它后来，墙壁以前有烂过，因为它很多盐 Mr.Teoh: Yes they are, because after awhile, the walls were broken before, because of the extra salts. Joyee：以前瓷砖是红瓷砖？ Joyee: The tiles last time are red tiles? Mr.Teoh：呃，以前是白石灰酱的，现在是用cement做，它不透气，海水上来潮湿，它干燥deposit盐，每个都做过。因为它烂 过，砖嘛。 Mr . Teoh: Eh, Last time it’s lime, now use cement, because it’s not porous, last time the seawater makes the walls humid, it dried up and deposited salts, so every walls are renovated, because they’re broken before, because they were tiles before. Joyee：那这个什么材料？ Joyee: What kind of material is this? Mr.Teoh：这个是白灰嘛，跟石灰，这个不错，这个很久，这个整一二十年了。 Mr. Teoh: This is lime, and cement. These are not bad, longlasting, the walls had been about 20 years. Joyee：因为cement吸水了，brick就倒哦 Joyee: Because the cement absorbed the humid, makes the bricks to fall. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 115 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh:Cement 不好，它一直在跌。Cement 看到很多白色，因为海水上来，干燥的时候它盐在上面，弄到cement跌下来 Mr. Teoh: Cement is not that good, it keeps falling down. The cement has layers of white deposits, because the seawater evaporated, dried up and deposit the salt on the cement, causing the cement to fall off. Joyee：那这个屋顶呃？它越来越下哦 Joyee: So if the roof? It’s getting lower. Mr.Teoh：哦，对对。以前打算要做air－con嘛，之后没有做。 Mr. Teoh: Oh ya, yes yes. Last time decided to install air-con, but it’s not succeeded. Joyee：所以这个高度跟之前一不一样？ Joyee: So is the height same as last time? Mr.Teoh：哦一样一样，之前大概有十多尺。原本砖是红色的，最原本很大的红砖，大概2尺x2尺。后来用粘土放下去，医院买 回来的时候已经做好了，我们再做过，因为太低啊，涨潮有水进来。 Mr. Teoh: Yes they are the same, before that was around 10 feet. Originally the tiles were red, the most original was very big red tiles, about 2ft x 2ft. After that use clay to put on the roof, it was completed when it as bought from the hospital, we remade it again, because it’s too low, when there’s high tides the water will flow in. Joyee：所以以前的屋子都是很凉，地上又哇，又高。 Joyee: So the houses before were all cool, and the floors were wah, and high. Mr.Teoh：这个beam来的，它以前两个beam是因为以前尖尖往后，现在往外，以为以前没有foundation，那些墙歪来歪去，那后 来是before war他们开始做这个，因为战争怕会倒啊，它是后来才加上去的，那两个concrete beam。I-beam 啊，一排。 Mr. Teoh: This is beam, last time it has 2 bems because the it was pointed to the back, now it getting outwards, because last time doesn’t have foundation, the walls are all slanted. After that, before war they began to do the beam because scares that the building will fall because of the war, the beams were added after that, the two concrete beam. The i-beam, a row. Joyee：所以是四间店一条？ Joyee: So the 4 shophouses shares one beam? Mr.Teoh：是啊，大概是 before war。这两个i-beam，以前没有concrete 嘛，后来才加 concrete。 Mr. Teoh: yes, about before wMr. These 2 i-beams, before there was no concrete, after that only added the concrete beams. Joyee : 这里以前有经过大装修吗 ？ Joyee : Has this place underwent any major renovation? Mr.Teoh : 以前是空的，墙壁都是木的和隔壁的店屋一样的，大概是 过了二战才开始用cement。屋顶也给盖起来了。以前这里 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 116 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
本来是有两个天桥可以走人的，跟隔壁一样的。 Mr.Teoh : It was empty before and the walls of this row of shop houses were made of wood. It was only after World War two the walls are replaced with Cement. The air well has since been covered up too. Back then there was also two walkway, similar to the one next door. Joyee：这样这里以前如果下雨会很美哦。。。 Joyee : Wow! That would make a beautiful scenery then? Mr.Teoh ：是啊，雨水会流一个round一个round这样，他讲这个是特地设计的。风水来的。 Mr. Teoh : Of course ! The rain water would flow I big round before being discharged, it was specially design for feng shui purpose. Joyee ：这里以前的地本来就是这样的吗？ Joyee : What about the floor? Was it originally like this? Mr.Teoh：这里的地已经是填高了的。 Mr. Teoh : No. It was raised Joyee：是医院做的吗？ Joyee : Was it done by the people who run the hospital? Mr.Teoh：啊对，是医院做的。原本这里是这个地砖来的。他填高是要防水进来。 有时Lorry经过的时侯水就进来。 Mr.Teoh : Yes, it used to has the same tiles as the one here, but the depressed floor is filled to to the same level to prevent water from trapping when lorry comes in . Joyee：所以说这里以前是红砖然后才到这种砖？ Joyee : So it used to be terracotta tiles? Mr.Teoh：对对，以前我们有挖过地然后看到有很大块的红砖。 Mr.Teoh: Yes yes, Back then when we dug up this space, we found big pieces of terracotta tiles underneath. Joyee：有两尺这样大吗 ？ Joyee : How big are they? 2 inches? Mr.Teoh：应该是有啊。真的很大 Mr.Teoh : Im not sure, but they’re really big Joyee：这个墙壁有没有做过？ Joyee : What about this wall? Has is gone through any changes? Mr.Teoh：有啊，用cement。Cement做不好看上去白白的。那个是salt来的。下面是盐水来的。砖块吸下面的水上来。 Mr.Toeh : Of Course, we used Cemenet. You see those white patches there? Those are salt deposit due to poor workmanship. The moisture from the LIAN HUAT COMPANY 117 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
underground is also salt water and the bricks absorbs them. Joyee：哦，所以现在补了洋灰他也还是这样 ？ Joyee : Ohh, even after applying cement? Mr.Teoh：对啊，因为他上面干吗，salt吸上去然后deposit在上面咯。 Mr. Teoh : Yes, as the wall is dry, salt water is absorbed and after some time salt will deposit. Joyee：哦哦，这里好像很潮湿哦。 Joyee : Ohh, This place must be humid then. Mr.Teoh: 是啊，因为有地下水。地很潮湿。 Mr. Toeh : Of course! Its due to the underground water. Joyee：哦，所以这里东西会很容易生锈和很多青苔会吗？ Joyee : Ohh. Wouldn’t the things here corrode fast and grow algae here? Mr.Teoh：会很容易生锈，你看到那个铁吗。不是青苔那个是生锈。 Mr. Teoh : Yes things get rusty very fast. Did you see the metal there? It’s not algae you’re seeing, it’s rust. Joyee : 这个Arc上的花纹谁做的？ Joyee : What about the flower carvings on the arc? Who carved it? Mr.Teoh：这个后来才做的, 隔壁是有蝙蝠的，还有菊花这样的，还有很多。 Mr. Teoh : Oh those were added on, there are many types of carvings, the one next door takes the shape of a bat, the other chrysanthemum. Joyee：所以严医生是不喜欢这些花纹 ？ Joyee : Dr. Gan didn’t like these carvings? Mr.Teoh：医生在的时候应该是没有的，因为他不想信这些东西。他外面也是有很多这样的图案的，有看到吗？都是在中国做 的。 Mr. Teoh : There aren’t any carvings when this place was a hospital, Mr. Gan does not believe in all these things. There are many more carvings like these out side, did you see it? These are from china. Joyee： 没有。 （走出去外面） Joyee : Sorry, no (Walks out side) Mr.Teoh：你看到吗？(pointing at the ornaments below the roof of the shop next door) 有鹿啊花啊什么都有。 注意看下有很多。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 118 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh : (pointing at the ornaments just below the roof) Do you see it? If you observe you can see deers, flowers and many more. Mr.Teoh：这个以前没间屋子都有的。 Mr: Teoh : Because the doctor does not believe in these kind of things. It used to be in every room. Mr.Teoh：以前这里也有，可是他拆掉他不要。这些图案以前是有故事的啊。这个要维持需要很多工的啊。 Mr.Teoh : Yes, but he took it down. These ornaments poses meanings! But it is very hard to maintain. Joyee：为什么？ Joyee : How hard it is to maintain ? Mr.Teoh：这个是特地去找有颜色的ceramic，打碎它然后粘上去做成的。Ceramic特地从中国啊日本啊找回来的。需要很多工的 说。 Mr.Teoh : These are made out of special coloured Ceramic, Crafts man will have to carve them before applying them. These type of ceramic can only be get from Japan or China, lots of work is needed. Joyee：这个字是以前就是这个material吗 ？ Joyee : What about the relieve writings here? is the material original? Mr.Teoh：有改过的，这个以前是用cement 和纸。报纸弄碎然后加红毛灰做的。 Mr.Teoh : No it was modified. It was made out of torn pieces of newspaper mixed with cement. Joyee : 自己做的吗？ Joyee : You added it on? Mr.Teoh：是自己做的。 Mr. Teoh : Yes. Joyee : 是您的父亲做的吗？ Joyee : Was is your father who made this? Mr.Teoh：不是不是，是另外请人做的 Mr. Teoh : No No. we hired people to do it. Joyee : 想要请问这个柱之前就是这个材料的吗？ Joyee : What about this column? Is this the original material? Mr.Teoh: 改过的。这个叫（xe zhou bi in hokkien)。他是用cement做好了然后特地用海棉洗下来的。因为要maintain他粗，本来是 smooth的. Early60 的时候很流行。感觉粗粗就很美观啦。 Mr.Teoh : No we modified it, its called xe zhou bi. Its made out of cement, after the cement is applied, the surface is washed with sponge to maintain LIAN HUAT COMPANY 119 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
its roughness. It used to smooth, but during the early 60-s rough wall surface is a trend so this rough wall also follows the trend. Joyee：那这个屋顶有改过的吗？ Joyee : What about the celling here? Was it modified? Mr.Teoh：有的，以前都是木做的。 Mr. Teoh : Yes, it used to be made out of wood. Joyee：所以可以说这整间都是木盖的对吗？ Joyee : So you can say it is all covered entirely with wood ? Mr.Teoh：是，屋顶这里以前有一个洞。那个洞可以看到楼下的。他们说there’s always a small hole, so that if someone comes here the owner will be alert before they step in. 现在都给天花板盖了。 Mr. Teoh : Yes, there is also a small hole here near the entrance, this allows the owner of the house to have a peek from the hole on top and observe who are the visitors. But now it is covered up by the ceiling. Joyee: 这里是填海的吗？ Joyee : This area, its man made land isn’t it? Mr.Teoh：以前是海浪耙, paddy field. 这里前面以前是有一个canal的。 Mr. Teoh : This area used to be a Paddy Field, at the front (Komtar) used to have a canal. Joyee：这样子这里种稻的以前都是盐水吗？ Joyee : If this is the case, the water that the paddy field receive is salt water? Mr.Teoh：是啊都是海水。那些海水都还在。 Mr. Teoh : Yes, they used seawater. The sea water are still present. Joyee: 就是说这里的地不会很厚和稳固对吗？ Joyee : if this is the case, wouldn’t the ground be not stable? Mr.Teoh：对啊。 Mr. Teoh : Yes. Joyee：这里是paddy field的时候是几多年前？ Joyee : Then when did the paddy field exist? Mr.Teoh：那时我都还没有出世。有百多年前了。 Mr. Teoh : I wasn’t born then, it should be hundreds of years ago. Joyee : 这里的地以前是从前门都这里都是这样的颜色吗？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 120 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee : Are all the colors of the door same the whole time? Mr.Teoh：对全部都是这样的。 以前这里是病房来的，前面是看诊的。这个医生的名字叫Gan Hao Cheong。 Mr.Teoh: Yeah. This room was the ward back then, and the front of it was the clinic. The full name of the doctor was Gan Hao Cheong. Joyee：这里的Arc也有花。是有什么意思的吗？ Joyee: This arch over here has a flower carved on it, is there meaning behind it? Mr.Teoh：原本是蝙蝠的，他换了。这个的意思是花开福贵。 Mr.Teoh: It was a carving of a bat before they changed it to a flower. The flower is actually a blessing, which have a meaning of a blooming flower brings happiness and richness, to the owner of the shop ofcourse. Joyee：这样你们搬过来的时候有看风水还是什么的吗？ Joyee: Did you checked the feng shui of this shop before moving in? Mr.Teoh：没有啦，以前就maintain whatever that are here。后来我们要装修的时候，建筑师看到这个砖很大应该是early50 的时 候。现在已经没有人用了，因为太厚了。全部都是意大利进口的啊。 Mr.Teoh: Oh no, our initial idea of moving in is just to maintain whatever that’s left behind by the previous owner. But as time went past, we felt like renovating the shop and the engineer saw the large bricks used for our shop and told us how old they were and no one uses this kind of bricks anymore. It was used in the early 50s and its all from Italy. Joyee：我想问一下这里的墙为什么是斜的呢？ Joyee: May I ask why are all the walls around slanted? Mr.Teoh：是斜的嘛，以前的建筑中间都是比较宽。他们以前科技不发达，画不准。 Mr.Teoh: It’s because the older buildings used to have a larger interior space, and since the technology back then isn’t that advance, they can’t able to draw it perfectly straight. Joyee：我听讲这里都会有燕窝的。 Joyee :From what I’ve heard, there are many bird’s nest around the building. Mr.Teoh：是啊，墙壁这些都是燕子留下来的大便。 Mr.Teoh: Indeed. Look at all the walls, its filled with swallow’s droppings. Joyee：然后我想问是听谁说这里是这样斜是建筑问题？ Joyee: Oh, may I know who’s the one that told you the causes of the slanted walls are the construction problems? Mr.Teoh：有一阵子，有一个英国人有来走过，进来看过，研究很久，然后告诉我这个是因为水沟的问题。他对古建筑很有兴 趣。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 121 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh: Not long ago, there was a British man who came into our shop. He stayed for a while just to take a good look at the shop’s structure and told us it’s actually caused by the water drainage. He was very curious about old buildings. Joyee：所以现在我弄清楚哦，这里会斜的第一原因是因为他科枝不发达，第二原因是因为地下的海水，然后他们就加一个长 的I beam 来接这排店屋。 Joyee: So let me get this straight, the main reason that it’s slanted is because of the technology back then, and the second reason is because of the sea water below, and that they have to add a long I-beam to support these row of shop houses? Mr.Teoh:对对。 Mr.Teoh: Correct! Joyee：哇，这个窗口很漂亮。是没有换过的吗？ Joyee: Wow, look at this window, it’s beautiful! Was it here all along? Mr.Teoh:是很漂亮，都没有改过的。他讲以前住在上面后面的房间的时候，这个玻璃是五颜六色的。 Mr.Teoh: Yeah! It’s beautiful indeed, but it has never been changed at all. They told me that this window was full of colors back then when you’re looking at it at the rooms above and at the back. Joyee：这个楼梯下面的空间以前是storeroom对吗？ Joyee: So the space below this staircase was a storeroom, am I right? Mr.Teoh： 是啊。以前医生用来储东西。隔壁以前也是有这样的楼梯。 （走去隔壁） Mr.Teoh: Yes. The doctor used to keep his tools here. The spaces over here have the same stairs. (Walks to the other side of the shophouse) Mr.Teoh：你看到这个门吗？这个以前是一个假门。他是用来camouflage的。他会故意放一把锁头给人错觉。 Mr.Teoh: Do you see this door over here? It’s actually a false door used as camouflage. The lock placed here can actually trick the people who tries to enter. Joeyee：好我们上去吧。 （走上楼） Joyee: Alright let’s go up. (Walks to the first floor) Joyee：请问这个楼梯是原本都是这样的balustrade 吗？ Joyee: Are the balustrades beside these stairs the same as before? Mr.Teoh：这个是后期有改过的。是医生英国回来的儿子改的所以就会比较有eurostyle 。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 122 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh: They’ve changed it last time when the doctor’s son came back from United Kingdom. This replacement has a eurostyle design. Joyee: 你之前有提过楼上的窗口玻璃是五颜六色的。是这一间的吗？ Joyee: Is this where the colourful windows you mentioned just now placed at? Mr.Teoh：对啊，可是现在拆掉了。他讲他去卖那个玻璃了。 Mr.Teoh: Yes it is, but it was removed and sold. Joyee：这边应该是他以前住的地方对吗？ Joyee: So this is where he lived last time? Mr.Teoh：是啊，这个是他女儿已前住的房。 （走去女儿房间） Mr.Teoh：You’re right, and this is his daughter’s room. (Walk to the daughter’s room.) Joyee：这个ceiling的上面为什么会空的呢？ Joyee: Why is the ceiling above here so empty? Mr.Teoh：这里加了一个矮的天花板。以前本来是和其它以样都是高的都是瓦的。因为他改了要放冷气才把天花板放低。原本 还有想要在天花板上放attic 的，可是后来给拆掉了 Mr.Teoh: This was where the lower ceiling was added. The ceiling was high up back then and was made of tiles, but it was lowered in order for them to add an air con. They even built an attic above the ceiling, but was removed later then. Joyee：上次你有提到，用砖来铺地上的。 Joyee: You’ve also mentioned something about fixing the floor using bricks didn’t you? Mr.Teoh：哦哦，那个是在后面。走我们去后面看看。 (走去后面) Mr.Teoh:Oh right, that is the back of the building. Here, let us take a look at it. (Walks to the back) Mr.Teoh : 呐，你看这里后面就是concrete。他下面看上来是木条(timber beams),上面铺的都是红砖。后来我们自己就加一层薄薄 的cement 上去。 Mr.Teoh: As you can see, the back is made of concrete. Below it were rows of timber beams and above the beams are full of clay bricks, we then add a thin layer of cement to cover it. Joyee：那红砖是没被拿掉过的？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 123 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: So the bricks were never removed? Mr.Teoh : 没有没有，红砖一直都在那里的。我们只是加了一层cement 上去。我们这样做的原因是因为，红砖会吸水。如果加了 cement，就会防止水渗透地板 Mr.Teoh: Nope, it’s been there the entire time. We’ve added a layer of cement to cover it because this way we can prevent the red bricks from absorbing the moist around and this way the ground will not get soaked with water. Joyee：哦，那这个铁网是后来加上去的？ Joyee: Oh, so the steel netting was added after that? Mr.Teoh : 对对对，后来加上去的。因为这里太热了，所以加上去隔热。还有你们看这边后面的，这里的铁网建起来就是为了 防止燕子进来，可是燕子还是有办法从旁边钻进来。 （走去前面airwell) Mr.Teoh : Yeah it was added to reduce the heat around. And as you can see back here, these wire netting were also built to avoid the swallows from entering, but they still have ways to enter because their small size. (Walks to the airwell) Joyee: 老板，可以解释一下这个stone corbel的功用吗？？ Joyee: Sir, do you mind explaining the uses of this stone corbel to us? Mr.Teoh : 早期没有concrete 的时候，他们就把stone corbel放在那里，然后加上木条(timber beam)来做支撑。 Mr.Teoh: Sure. Back then there are no such thing as concrete, they usually place the stone corbels above, then they add a timber beam beneath as support. Joyee：可以告诉我们是什么材质吗？ Joyee: What are the materials then? Mr.Teoh : granite啊，大麻石。以前没有concrete, 所以只能用这种石头来做支撑。看看这边已经有一块掉下去了。 Mr.Teoh : It’s mainly made using granite and some other stones as support since concrete does not exist during that time. Look, there is one that fell onto the floor. Joyee : 现在为什么都没有用了？？ Joyee: Why don’t you use it now? Mr.Teoh : 太重了，所以都换去concrete 了。这里他们放了石头，木条最后再放瓦。斜斜的放着，让水流下去。 (走去衣柜旁边，拿起针筒) Mr.Teoh : All of them have been changed to concrete because granite is too heavy. Now we do it by placing the stones here, with the timber beam and LIAN HUAT COMPANY 124 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
then tiles on top. We made it slightly slanted so water can flow downwards. (Walks to the wardrobe while picking up a syringe) Joyee: 哇！ Joyee: Woah! Mr.Teoh : 以前都没有用橡胶的，产量很少，所以都是在用棉花来塞着前面。这个在日本时代才有做的，是古董。现在在外面都 找不到。 Mr.Teoh : There aren’t much rubber around back then because the production was low, so cotton was used to stuffed the front. This method was used back in the Japanese era, and now it’s already an antique. Joyee : 所以这里的衣柜，椅子，家具全都是那个医生的？？ Joyee: So this wardrobe, chairs and furniture are owned by the doctor? Mr.Teoh : 是啊。以前有一个医生也是来这里参观，看到都吓到。到现在还有这些针筒，所以啊真的很珍贵。好好，现在我们去 前面看一下。 （经过走廊） Mr.Teoh : Yes, there was a doctor who’ve visited our shop once. He was shocked seeing this kind of old syringe. They are all very precious you know? Alright, lets go to the front and take a look. (Walking through the walkway) Joyee：这里的构造和后面两个都是一样的? Joyee: Are the construction method here the same as the two at the back? Mr.Teoh : 不不不，以前都是有两个走廊让人走过的，可是后来拆掉一个了因为没有用到，而且一直烂掉要保养很麻烦。所以就 拆掉了。 (走到前面的房间) Mr.Teoh :Oh no no no, there used to have two walkways for us to pass through, but was removed later because it wasn’t used much by anyone and additionally, the maintenance cost was too much, so it was dismantled. (Walks to the room at the front) Mr.Teoh : 以前的木材质比较好，看这里后来加上去的木材因为空气太潮湿都膨胀了。根据老一辈的知识，他们会涂上一层猪血 （红红的）来让木材更flexible。 （经过墙壁） Mr.Teoh : The quality of timbers were very good last time, compared to this add-on timber which expanded due to the moist around the place. Based LIAN HUAT COMPANY 125 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
on the knowledge of the elder, they would add a layer of pig’s blood to make the timber much more flexible. (Passing through the walls) Mr.Teoh : 看看这里，这一粒粒的是盐聚在一起形成的（salt deposit）。有人告诉我说这是用cement 的错，如果用lime 就绝对不会 有这种问题。 Mr.Teoh : Look, at this salt deposit. I was told that this salt deposit was formed when cement was used wrongly. In fact, if you replace lime with cement, there will be no such problems. Joyee：这个是什么盐？？ Joyee: What kind of salt is this? Mr.Teoh : 海盐吖，the only way to solve it is by using lime。因为里面的空气不流通，所以盐被逼出来形成salt deposit。被逼出来后不 能再回到里面去了。 Mr.Teoh : Its sea-salt. The only way to solve this problem is by using lime because there aren’t any ventilation over here, so salt was forced out of the wall forming salt deposit. Once the salt was squeezed out of the wall, it will never go back. Joyee：这里有一个洞看下去的？ Joyee：Was there a hole down here? Mr.Teoh : 以前有的，后来加木板上去盖掉了。看这里有一个地方上去的，我有上过去一次特别的高。和后面开着天花板那个 一样高。 Mr.Teoh : There used to be one, but was covered later on using a wood plank. See there is a placed over here where you can go up, I tried it once and it is as high as the ceiling at the back. Joyee：那这个机器是怎么用的？ Joyee: So what’s the purpose of this machine over here? Mr.Teoh : 哦哦，如果那个人要印书本就放在这个机器上。放着了我们就会帮他们印，可是现在科技发达了没有用这个了。 Mr.Teoh : Oh, it’s something like a Photostat machine where you place the book you want to copy and we will do the job or you. But with the improvement of the technology, we no longer use this kind of machine. Joyee：来我们去后面看看。 (走回女儿房) Joyee : Let’s check out the back shall we? (Walks into daughter’s room) Mr.Teoh : 这个以前是让他女儿住的，后来没有住了。这里外面有放着一个旧的冷气机，让他女儿用的。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 126 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh: This is where his daughter used to live in before they moved out. This air con out here was for his daughter back then. Joyee：那你们没有想要把这间房间变成储存室？？ Joyee： So, did you ever thought of making this room a storage? Mr.Teoh : 之前有打算打掉partition，好好利用那个空间的。后来讲讲而已没有做到 Mr.Teoh : We actually planned to remove the partition and think of a good way to utilize this space, but talk is cheap, so we ended up leaving it empty. Joyee：老板，那个上面的房间是什么用的？？ Joyee： Sir, what are the uses of the space above? Mr.Teoh : 以前是让风吹进来的。 Mr.Teoh : It was for the wind to flow inwards. Joyee：那它上面是空的？？ Joyee: Why is it empty up there? Mr.Teoh : 空的空的，是有窗口可以开的。可是要爬上去才能开所以很不实际。所以现在封起来了。 (走出房间) Mr.Teoh : There is a window up there which is openable, but it was too high for us to climb up there just to open and close the window, so we decided to seal it. (Walks out of the room) Joyee : 老板，所以通常最后面的天井会比前面两个小？？ Joyee : So usually the patio at the back would be smaller than the two in front? Mr.Teoh : 对对对，刚刚你看如果天井很长就用木条。如果是小一半的天井就可以用石块 (stone corbel) 来做支撑。 (走到最尾) Mr.Teoh: Yes. As you can see, longer patio are usually made of timber whereas the smaller one can be supported by stone corbel (Walks to the end of the shop) Joyee : 所以这里以前是有一个墙壁的？？ Joyee: So there was a wall over here back then? Mr.Teoh : 以前这里的屋子长长的，是整个长到后面去的。 Mr.Teoh : entire house was stretched all the way to the back last time. Joyee : 那为什么要分开？？ Joyee：Why would you separate it then? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 127 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Teoh : 因为政府要求我们弄一个后巷，说是要防火。 Mr.Teoh : The government wants us to create a back alley for fireproofing purposes, so we have no choice but to do it. Joyee：想问一下为什们这个厕所不是靠着墙壁的？？ Joyee： May I ask why is this toilet not built by the wall? Mr.Teoh : 这个不清楚，可是这个厕所是给病人用的。啊，这里以前有一个很大的水池，冲凉用的。这个水池是四方形的，让 工人洗东西方便点，我不太记得了。 Mr.Teoh : I’m not too sure about this, but for what I know, it is used for the patients. I still remember there was a large square pool over here for people to bath and to wash their stuff. Joyee：所以这个是让雨水留下来的？？ Joyee：So this is where they collect rain water? Mr.Teoh : 不不，雨水是往外面流的。以前后面哪里的高度大约是六寸酱高的，进来这里就深下去三到四尺，所以下雨的时候 水就会流进来。以前的设计比较不同，后来我们买回来的时候盖掉了。 Mr.Teoh : Oh no, rain water flows outwards of the building. I remember the height back there was a six inches tall, as you enter, the ground will drop three to four feets causing rainwater to enter, and once we bought this shop, we covered it. As you can see the design back then are much different compared to the modern ones. Joyee：所以厕所也会提高？？ Joyee：So the washroom will also be elevated? Mr.Teoh : 对，为了防止厕所浸水。所以以前这里是有沟渠的，下雨谁就会跟着流下去。可是现在改过了，我们换成pipe 了比 较好一点。 Mr.Teoh : Yes, so that the washroom will not flood. There were a drain back then over here, so water flows in when it rains. Because of these reason, we changed it to pipe system, which is better. Joyee：那个沟渠是从哪里开始到哪里的？？ Joyee：Where is the beginning and the ending of the drain? Mr.Teoh : 沟渠是从后面那里开始，伸张到后面后面。慢慢流去大沟渠的。以前后面还有沟渠可以看到的，可是我们现在把他盖 着，用pipe 比较方便。 Mr.Teoh : The drainage system starts from the back, stretched all the way backwards, slowly flows to the larger drains. The drain at the back used to be visible, but we covered it up and replaced it with pipes, which made our life much easier. Joyee：厕所这里以前你们有填过土吗？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 128 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee：Have you did any embankments in this toilet? Mr.Teoh : 没有没有，是医生填的。 Mr.Teoh : It wasn’t us, but the doctor who did it. Joyee：也是因为淹水的问题？？ Joyee：Was there a flooding issue over here? Mr.Teoh : 对对，淹水的问题。淹水是一个很大的问题。而且你看这里旧的墙壁全部慢慢落下来了，就是因为那个salt deposit 的 问题。那个salt 把cement sheet 分出来，separate 掉了。 (走到后面点) Mr.Teoh : Yes yes, flood is one of the biggest issue over here. As you can see the old walls around here are slowly degrading caused by salt deposit. The salt are slowly removing the cement sheets from the wall. (Walk to the back of the shop) Joyee：为什么前面会有 I beam 后面没有的？ Joyee：Why is there an I-beam at the front but not the back? Mr.Teoh : 应该是这里是后来医生加上去的，这个如果没有记错是木的 I beam. Mr.Teoh : The doctor was the one who add the timber I-beam onto it if I’m not mistaken. Joyee：老板，为什么这里整个屋子都斜斜的，不是直的？？ Joyee：Sir, why is the entire building slanted and not straight? Mr.Teoh : 屋子的问题啊 Mr.Teoh : It’s the building’s problem. Joyee：所以这一排的屋子都是歪一边的？？而且都是木做的，够稳吗？？ Joyee：So the whole row of shop houses are all slanted, plus it’s all made of timber, is it even stable enough? Mr.Teoh : 有可能，有可能的。够稳啊，这里的木都很硬的。前一阵子，这里前面有一块木没有保护到，有白蚁。整块要拿下 来，那整块木很大有整三尺多，而且搬起来很重。 (继续往后面走) Mr.Teoh : Yes it is very stable, the timber used here are very strong and solid. Previously there were termites damaging a timber column causing us to remove it. Although it was 3 feet high, it was exceptionally heavy. (Proceed to the back) Joyee : 所以住家是？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 129 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee : So about the living space.. Mr.Teoh : 住家是在上面的。以前这里是用玻璃的，有颜色的玻璃，阳光照下来很漂亮的。 Mr.Teoh : The living space was up above here. The colored glass used for windows fused with the ray of the sun creates a colourful yet shiny lightray. Joyee：所以这里原本不是这个样貌的？？ Joyee：So this is not how it’s supposed to look like? Mr.Teoh: 不是不是，原本不是这样的。后来改过了。 Mr.Teoh: Nope, it changes as time flows. Joyee：这个算是air well 吧，那这个桥梁是以前就有了的？？ Joyee：Let me guess, so this is the air well no? Was this bridge here all along? Mr.Teoh: 这应该是有了的。 Mr.Teoh: I guess so. Joyee：据我所知，air well 应该是开到完的吧 Joyee：From my knowledge, isn’t air well supposed to be opened all the way? Mr.Teoh: air well 在这里是开一半的，没有像现在开到完的。 （走到后面的air well 3） Mr.Teoh: Over here we opened it half way. (Walks to air well 3) Joyee：所以开一半的天井是很像这样的？？ Joyee：So this is how a patio looks like when it’s opened halfway through. Mr.Teoh: 对对，一样的一样的。这里后面的没有改过。 Mr.Teoh: Yes yes, it’s all the same since there are no changes at all over here. Joyee：老板，为什么这个楼梯没有再用了的？？ Joyee：Why didn’t anyone use this staircase sir? Mr.Teoh: 坏了啊，因为有白蚁没有照顾。 (走到后面) Mr.Teoh: It was damaged by termites and we did not maintain it properly. (Proceed to the back) Joyee：这个通道是你们打掉墙壁开的？？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 130 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee：So this walk way was formed when you demolish this wall? Mr.Teoh : 原本是有一个木门的，可是后来淹水所以就拿掉了。以前下面是厨房的，然后有一个烟窗烟通上去的。可是后来改掉 了。 Mr.Teoh : There was a wooden door over here, but was removed when contacted with the flood. Down there was a kitchen where a smokestack was connected upwards, but was changed later on. Joyee：所以这里后面是有三个墙壁后来打掉了？？ Joyee：So three walls have been demolished over here? Mr.Teoh : 没有，这里后面有三个墙壁，可是还有一个在这个门后面。看不到的，要开了门才看到。 Mr.Teoh : Not exactly. Back here lies three walls, but there is one more behind this door that can’t be seen unless the door it opened.
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11.2.2 MR. MUHAMMAD HIJAS SAHARI - RESEARCH OFFICER OF GEORGETOWN WORLD HERITAGE INC. Joyee: A very good morning. You had your breakfast? Mr.Hijas : Ah, yeah. Joyee: Actually we are a team of 40 students and we are doing the research study. Mr.Hijas : What school ? Joyee: We are from Taylor’s University, School of Architecture. We are currently doing a research study on Lian Huat Company Mr. Hijas : Oh the two buildings over there. Joyee: Yeap, the paper making company. Joyee: So can we know more about the background of Carnarvon Street and can you enlighten us about the architectural style. We interviewed the owner yesterday, more on the culture of his building but now we would like to know more about the legal stuff, like, how does the law restoration maintenance of this shophouse that the government has done. Mr.Hijas: Um, yeah, ok then. Joyee: So we can start with first, uh, the history of this street. Mr. Hijas: Ok, history of the building, I’m not really sure. But you’ve spoken to the owner Mr. Chew right ? Joyee: Yeah, I did. Mr.Hijas: Yeah, so, you guys already talked to him, so maybe I’ll just give you some background of the external part. Mr.Hijas: So, Carnarvon Street, named after Sir Carnarvon who was from London, he was…… what do you call it, the 4th Earl over here, I think. Joyee: Sir, what does Earl mean ? Mr.Hijas: Yeah, I think it means prince or something, in London. So, they named it after that person. So, they build the street during the 80s and the length is about 700m. Joyee: You mean the length of the entire street? Mr.Hijas :Yeah, starting from Chulia Street until KomtMr. Joyee: And then is this originally named Earl rather than Carnarvon? Mr.Hijas: No, no. I meant it’s already named Carnarvon Street and Mr. Carnarvon is the Earl from London. Mr.Hijas: Earl is a status that they get from London. Joyee: So Mr. Carnarvon is doing the English government businesses? Mr.Hijas: Yeah. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 132 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: So before that there was no name for the street? Mr.Hijas: Before that, it was named after a Hokkien name, Lam Cha Na. Joyee: Alam Cha Na? Mr.Hijas: Lam Cha Na. So, that building, the 138 is near us and then 140 is that one. It’s much bigger, 138 is much bigger. Joyee: Yeah, our site is 138. Mr.Hijas: Oh, alright. So, the building type is a shop house and the style is Southern Chinese. Joyee: Southern Chinese ? Mr.Hijas: Southern Chinese architectural style. So, actually, firstly it’s almost similar like this but they modified it over time, they have added Shanghai plaster, and changed the first floor window to glass. So, it’s quite a mix between Southern Chinese and Art Deco style. Joyee: Art Deco style, which is the last one is it? Mr.Hijas: It is the 5th one, second last, yes second last of our shop house. It’s a combination of two styles. Joyee: Oh. So the only proof is the window only is it or is there something else that can prove something ? Mr.Hijas: The proportion of the building. If you look at the window, it’s glass. But if you pay more attention to it , it’s like the Southern Chinese type of detail, separated like this, and you can see, on the bow on the bilik, you see they have separated vent, up there, it’s fixed glass, I think. Joyee: Yeah. Mr.Hijas: Previously it used to be fixed wood timber. Joyee: And then this one is supposed to be timber is it? Mr.Hijas: Yes. This was timber previously , now it’s glass. Mr.Hijas: On top there’s a stakul (?), it’s a floral motif. Joyee: Yeah, does that belong to Southern Chinese or Art Deco style ? Mr.Hijas: It belongs to Southern Chinese, but, that floral motif depends on the occupant’s preference whether to install or not. Joyee: Can you tell us more, like, what are the significant elements of Southern Chinese? Mr.Hijas: Ok, it’s um, uh, ok. Heritage buildings in Georgetown mostly would be shop houses. The rest are town house. We have about 2000 buildings. Joyee: 2000 buildings of shop houses? Mr.Hijas: More than 2000 shop houses, Category 2. Joyee: What do you mean by category 2? Mr.Hijas: Yeah. We have Category 1, Category 2, infill and replacement. If want to know more you can refer to our website. Joyee: Category 1 is the style or? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 133 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Hijas: No, Category 1 is the building itself. We categorise the heritage buildings as Category 1. Because it’s really important to the sites. Yeah, and then it has really outstanding universal values to Georgetown. Joyee : Sorry, can I know, in terms of what outstanding universal values? Mr.Hijas: Ok, in terms of the building, in terms of architectural style.But on the other hand, also the people who are staying there or the activities happened there. For example, Cheong Fatt Tze mansion. Joyee: Cheong Fatt Tze mansion? Mr.Hijas: It’s a blue mansion. The importance of the Cheong Fatt Tze mansion, is the occupant which was Mr. Cheong Fatt Tze. So, that’s why we categorise it as Category 1, because it’s not only because of the person also the activities happening there. Joyee: Oh, you mean Categories is like the importance of the building? Mr.Hijas: Yeah, the importance of the building or site. Joyee: Oh, then Category 2, has different importance. Mr.Hijas: Yes, Category 2 is about shop houses that are less important, but still important to us. Joyee : So this category is all shop houses? Mr.Hijas: Um, mostly, yeah mostly. Because we also have stilt houses. Have you been to jetty? Joyee: Yeah. Mr.Hijas: Yeah, so that’s Category 2, so are the shop houses. Joyee: Why do we need to categorise them? Mr.Hijas: The categories, because of the guidelines. So, we have Categories for each building. So for example, Category 1, you can’t repair or add anything without approval. But mostly, you can’t repair, um, you have to repair back to original. So you can’t add anything. Joyee: Even if the owner wants to? Mr.Hijas: Even if the owner wants to. Category 2 is a bit lesser, where you can do adaptive reuse. Joyee: What do you mean by adaptive reuse? Mr.Hijas : Adaptive reuse means previously the shop houses where people stayed upstairs,did their family business downstairs. So you can change it to totally business, you can change it to totally residential, or you can change the activities. Joyee: So ours is under Category 2 ? Mr.Hijas: Yes, Category 2. Joyee : After Category 2, what Category is it? Mr.Hijas: There’s infill and replacement. So infill, is an empty land. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 134 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee : Empty land? Mr.Hijas: Yeah, empty land or temporary structure. So, the other one is replacement. Replacement is a modern building. You can change modern buildings. Joyee: I see I see. Um, can I ask something regarding the issue? So, if according to these styles right? Mr.Hijas : Yeah. Joyee: Is it like, the second style is Southern Chinese and the first one is, is it before World War I, before even the Chinese came? Mr.Hijas : Er, ok. It started with a hut actually. Just an attap house and then here was actually a swamp. A background of Georgetown. Joyee: A paddy field? Mr.Hijas: Yeah. A paddy field. It just started with a small village. That one was before Francis Light came. Mr.Hijas : Yeah, so, there were already villages here. Natives. And then, when Francis Light came, about 1786. So when they came, they started to develop Georgetown. So they have grid line of traditional, urban city, and then they build their own government buildings, all that. Then, they invited all the traders. That’s where they come. For example, the Chinese came. That’s when the early Penang started, and then the Indian merchants came in. So they still share that type of buildings, that style of buildings. Joyee: Which is still the first early Penang? Mr.Hijas : Yeah. So the early Penang is about 1780s to 80 something. I cannot remember. And then the Southern Chinese came. It’s because when they uh, a bit more untung lah. So, they change to Southern Chinese. It’s because of that and then there’s a style from the Euros, they change to Early Straits Eclectic, then to Late Straits Eclectic and then there’s a modern type of architecture things. So then it became Art Deco and then another movement where they become modern type of buildings. So, our early modern is still considered as our heritage. We cut off at about 1970s, so this timeline about 7,6 type of buildings, about 1770s,80s to 1970s. Joyee: 1970s. Mr.Hijas: 1970s. So, from now I think 1970s is 40,45 years. Joyee: So the latest stops at 1970s? Mr.Hijas: Stops at 1970s. The rest of it, we consider it as a replacement. Joyee: We heard from the owner that actually, cause, this street is famous for stationery and coffins. Mr.Hijas: Yeah. Joyee: And due to a reason there was a canal near Komtar, is it? Mr.Hijas: Yeah, previously. There’s a lot of coffins and funeral spa over here. The canal gave easy access over here. Joyee: Here? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 135 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Hijas: Ah, over there. The canal. Just around the boundary of our World Heritage site. Joyee: Oh, do you have a map of it? Mr.Hijas: Uh, you can take any map. Because it’s easily accessible, people gather here. But, in this area, they focus more on paper and stationary. Joyee: Uh, I go get the map. Joyee: Um, can you draw us the canal? Like where is it exactly? Mr.Hijas: Ok, so we are here. Joyee: Ok. Mr.Hijas: This is, yeah. This is the Carnarvon. Joyee: Komtar is right here right? Mr.Hijas: Yeah. Joyee: So where is the canal now? Mr.Hijas: Last time it’s a canal. Now it’s a drain. Joyee: Oh, now it’s a drain -- Underground drain? Mr.Hijas: Oh, um. Joyee: This is the street. Mr.Hijas: Um yeah. So this is the street, this is the market. Ok, if you see here; look through here, this is the canal. Actually this canal connects to-Sorry, now it’s a drain. Drain, drain, drain, drain, drain, drain. Mr.Hijas : Yeah. Transfer Road, and then up to the--, and then it cuts here and then goes here. So if you know the Perangin, no, Komtar Walk? Mr.Hijas : Then under Komtar Walk, there are canals. It’s been closed, so the only open is those. Joyee: Do you mind to do a mark over here? Mr.Hijas : Ok. Mr.Hijas: Yeah. So it’s, here, connected to here. Oh, this is another one, sorry. This is the Transfer Road. Joyee: So the canal is connected to the sea is it? Mr.Hijas : Yeah. From here to here, the coast is here. Leads to sea. Mr.Hijas : So if you wanna see the canal, they still open it, at this area. At this area, they still open it. Joyee: Do you have a name for this canal? Mr.Hijas : Ah, Perangin canal. Joyee: Perangin canal. Since back then, the 70s to 80s? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 136 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Hijas: Uh, last time also yeah, it’s called Perangin. Joyee: Oh, can we have this copy? Mr.Hijas: Sure. Um actually, I don’t want to show you this, I want to show you this. Joyee: Oh, this one. Mr.Hijas: Ok, this is-- this is black and white. You can go to visionsofpenang.com.my Joyee: Vision Penang. Mr.Hijas: Visions of Penang. So, you can have a look of the old map. This one is drawn in 1894. Joyee: 1894. Mr.Hijas: So this is a footprint of the building. Joyee: Is this the lot number as well? Mr.Hijas: This is by JUPEM. So, Campbell here, here, here, ok this one. So this is the building, five building. Joyee: Oh, this is our building. Mr.Hijas: Yeah, this is your building. So, you can compare if you have a new map, you can compare it with the old map. You see the length and the width. If you go in, you-- maybe you can check, they have two airwells. Joyee: We found three. Mr.Hijas : Three, maybe at the back. Maybe up to the back. One, two, three. So maybe at the back there’s another one. So they maintain it? Did they maintain it? Or did they close it? Joyee: Um, it’s covered up but then they covered with the plastic sheets. Mr.Hijas : Oh, ok ok. But they shouldn’t cover it every time. They should open it. Because it’s for ventilation and sunlight. But for us, it’s hard to control the inside of the building. We only can control when they want to do renovations, big renovations. For small renovation, it’s hard for us to control. We have about 5000 buildings at the World Heritage site. So, we can’t control everyone. Joyee: 5000 buildings, then 2000 are shop houses? Mr.Hijas : 5000 buildings, yes, about 2000, I think almost 3000 shop houses. Heritage shop houses. We also have modern shop houses. Joyee: This brings me to another question, which is, is there, like, any legal or law acting on these shop houses? Mr.Hijas: General law, SDBA? Joyee: SDBA? Mr.Hijas: SDBA. Street Drainage Building Act. Joyee: Oh ok. Which applies on every building? LIAN HUAT COMPANY 137 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Hijas : Every building, the whole Malaysia. And then, UBBL. Joyee: UBBL. Mr.Hijas : Uniform Building By-Laws. I think you should know about that. Joyee: Yeah. Mr.Hijas : TCPA, Town and Country Planning Act, 1972 I think. Joyee: Is there any specifically for shophouses? Mr.Hijas : No, sorry. Only World Heritage sites. Mr.Hijas : So, for World Heritage sites, we have this, Georgetown Special Area Plan. Joyee: Oh, this book. Mr.Hijas : Yeah, now it’s Special Area Plan, no more draft. But this one is an old version. I don’t know where’s the new version, but we sell it, the new version in a PDF/CD form. But, this one, we have a heritage management plan, for World Heritage sites, and the guideline for our buildings. That’s why we have Category 1, 2, 3 and so on. So the first part, we share it with Malacca, because why? We have been prescribed as a World Heritage site together with Malacca. So, that’s where our location is in plan. And then, there’s a development guide plan, where each section, we try to have a plan to make it better for everyone. Joyee: So this book is all about the heritage sites? Mr.Hijas : Everything in Georgetown only. About our current issues, about our plans. Mr.Hijas : The book is not for sale, but if it is it would cost 3000. We are selling the softcopy though. Joyee: This book cost 3000? Joyee: Wow. So this is like an ancient, aiya, ancient pula. Mr.Hijas : No, this is about the activities only. The zoning that we have planned for the World Heritage site. For example, on this area, is a Tourism Malaysia zone. This area, we allow some activities to be held, for example, to build a hotel, or if you want to convert the shop house into a hotel. We allow it around here only. Joyee: Because of the condition? Mr.Hijas: Because of the condition, because of the area and because of some of the buildlings. Joyee: This is like urban planning. Mr.Hijas : Yeah, it’s more on urban planning. Joyee: Sir, when was this book drafted? Mr.Hijas : Oh ok. Um, it started in 2009 and then, we are not publishing it yet, but we are waiting for the government; the state government to gazette it LIAN HUAT COMPANY 138 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
as a supplement to TCPA. So for the building, Part 3, wait, yeah. So, the new one is C. So, this is where the guidelines start. Mostly, the architects, the contractors will refer on this side. This side, Category 1, Category 2, Infill and replacement. So, you can have a look on this, for example, they want to build a new storey at the back. In the previous guideline, we allow up to 3 storeys. Joyee: You mean if you want to do renovations? Mr.Hijas : Yeah, renovations or if you want to do an addition or extension at the back. Our maximum, for example, if you have an empty land; if you have bought an empty land, you want to build a building, the maximum height is 18m. Joyee : So these are the rules and regulations? Mr.Hijas : Yes. Joyee: The guidelines to help the owners of the shop houses? Mr.Hijas : Yes, to restore or to erect a new building, it’s up to them. Joyee: But do any of them have this copy? Mr.Hijas: Every one of them doesn’t have copies, but, before we did this, we invited every tenant, every property owner to come and listen to our presentation. So, we have a serenta, it’s a public hearing? We call it public hearing. Joyee: S-e-r-e-n-t-a? Mr.Hijas : Ah, yes, serenta. Joyee: Where was it done? Mr.Hijas : We did it at Komtar, we did it at the town hall and our office. So, we invited everyone, all the YBs, all the newspaper journalists, all the communities. So, we want them to know, we have this book, what’s the amount. So, like, something like this, but A0 size. We put up our maps, all these maps, and we just put them there and asked them to give feedbacks or we want them to give their opinion later if they have any objections or suggestions. Joyee: To discuss? Mr.Hijas : To—yeah. After that, after we called everyone in general, we called the community. And then, we called a focus group, so we want them to really know what’s going on. But of course, we can’t call everyone, no sorry. We called everyone, but not everyone came. So, we did our best, we do our part and took us about three months. So we called everyone, whoever that we know that’s interested or the stakeholders of the World Heritage site. And then we come out with this, everyone doesn’t have a copy. If they want, they have to come here. But if they want to know more, we welcome them to come here. We’ll advise them the best way to negotiate or do their buildings. Joyee: Other than that, do they have, you know, checking monthly. Mr.Hijas : We call that monitoring. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 139 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Monitor? Mr.Hijas : Monitoring. Yeah. For us, every week, we go on site. Joyee: Every site? Or only specific sites? Joyee : Complaints? Mr.Hijas : Yeah complaints. Everyday job is done by local authorities. So local authorities they have Jabatan Warisan. So Jabatan Warisan, they have their own building, building assistant, building technician. So they have their own specific sites, specific dates. So they will go to the sites everyday. So, for me, for us, we only care, we do once a week, based on complaints. So we don’t go everyday, cause we don’t have enough staff. Joyee: So you try to solve their problems? Mr.Hijas : Yeah, one thing is try to solve their problem, one thing is to check, work is legal or illegal. And then, if it’s illegal, we have to file a report to local authorities. We don’t have power. The problem, not problem lah. The issues, we don’t have power. Yeah. We only can advise. If they don’t follow us, we can’t do anything, except we just report or complain to the local authorities. Joyee: Which is MPPP? Mr.Hijas : MPPP. So the local authorities will take action. So we have to work closely with MPPP. Joyee: Oh, I see. Then can I bring up another issue? MPPP : Mm. Joyee: So, we talked to the owner, we found out, we observe that the house is actually an irregular shape. Then we further discovered that the reason being is, you want to explain? Joyee : The reason being is that before the construction of this building right, basically there was this old drainage system in front right? Mr.Hijas : Ok. Joyee: And then it’s believed that the wall is not covered properly, and as time goes by, the rain washes the sand away, below the foundation. Mr.Hijas : Mhmm. Joyee : The foundation became weak and then it’s like slanting forward. Yeah, it’s like slanting forward. And then will collapse or something. Mr.Hijas : The façade? You mean the façade? Is it the front part? Joyee : Mainly the front part, cause it’s the front foundation that is weak so basically the whole building is like.. uh – Mr.Hijas : So they peel it? Or you can see it? Joyee : You can see the, like the upper floors, they have added another timber. It’s very obvious that there’s a gap, how the façade is slanted. Joyee: Cause, firstly, after understanding the history, cause the wall itself, the non-load bearing wall, is not straight, slanting back due to contraction, and then it’s not straight, and then, after the drainage the thing, the whole thing is like senget, I mean, it wasn’t, but as time goes by, it’s like, you can LIAN HUAT COMPANY 140 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
see the upper floor platform is cracking, and then the owner tried to fix it, you know, by filling the hole with wood pallets. And then the wall— Mr.Hijas : So, that’s the issue is it? Joyee: Yeah. Mr.Hijas : Are the question is that how we want to solve the problem or? Joyee: My issue is that, is there any action taken towards it or you just leave it as it is? Mr.Hijas : Oh ok. If it’s from us, and then from MPPP. If it’s for, it’s because of safety to the public. It may cause harm to the public. MPPP can write a letter to inform the owner to repair their house. We only can advise how to— Joyee: Fix it? Mr.Hijas : Yeah fix it. Another this is because of the swamp area. Water table around here should be high. About 1 feet from the ground is water because of the swamp area. Tanah lembut? That’s why some of the buildings will settle down. Some of the, even if they put hard core, if they don’t put it properly it might still settle, settle down. If they want, they can do hijack piling, but, depends on them, nak yang murah, nak yang mahal, up to them. Those doing engineering, they can come here to discuss on the engineering part. Joyee : This restoration work, let’s say you want to do renovation, are they sponsored or do they have to give— Mr.Hijas : Ok, funding, they have to come up with their own funds. But, there’s one agency, selected by the Federal government, we call it Think City. Think City is a subsidiary company of Khazanah Nasional. Joyee : Khazanah Nasional? Mr.Hijas : Khazanah Nasional is our Malaysian, national investment arc. So they put in last time, put in about 20million to that company to take care of the town. Because Penang is an opposition part, they give another support to them. Actually, it should go to the authorities, but they give it to this substitute company. So, that money, they have been using it to restore buildings, do research, and program and activities. So if you have your property, you want to do renovation, you can apply. Joyee: For the subsidy? But then you don’t get the subsidy right? Mr.Hijas : Um, we get it actually, but through this company. So they don’t give it to the State government, they give it through this company. Joyee : So the government basically works with this company? Mr.Hijas: We have to work with them. Mr.Hijas : So, um, if they, for example, if they still want to do renovation, if they want to apply, what do you call it, GTGP. GTGP, Grants Programme, George Town Grants Programme. Joyee: GTGP. Mr.Hijas: George Town Grant Programme. So they have one thing, they have to submit plans to the authorities, that one is the owner’s job. After it has LIAN HUAT COMPANY 141 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
been approved, then they can apply for the grant. Only after the local authorities, MPPP has approved. Joyee: So they have two ways, after they apply the GTGP or they approach the Think City company? Mr.Hijas: Same, same. Joyee: It’s the same thing? Mr.Hijas: Yeah. So Think City comes out with the GTGP. Joyee: So the only way is to get the funding is through them? Mr.Hijas : Yeah. Joyee: And the approval is both MPPP and advice from the drain people. Mr.Hijas : Yeah. So, if they want to get that approval, over here, they should come to us first. Because if you submit there, they’ll be rejected at least a few times, because for the submission, you have to pay, but if you come here it’s free. Joyee: But it’s a bit unfair right, if you have to use your own funding and then contribute there. Mr.Hijas : Yeah, but that’s what we’re responsible for. For us, um— Joyee: You guys are responsible. Mr.Hijas : Yeah, this is what we do, so we have to do it. Joyee : So this World Heritage thing is not under the government. Mr.Hijas : Oh, we ask Steadlink Company. SLC. Steadlink Company. We work with companies—no, we work with the State government. We have been established since 2010. All our funding comes from the State Government. Joyee: MPPP? Mr.Hijas : No, State government. Joyee: Oh, I see. Mr.Hijas : MPPP is a local authority. They take care of the things around here. But the state is managed by the State government so, we are armed company specifically for heritage. Joyee: So, you are established based on request or State government asked you to? Mr.Hijas : Yes. Joyee: The local request or? Mr.Hijas : Yeah, local. They wanted an institution who can manage World Heritage sites, so it’s— Joyee: Specifically heritage sites? Mr.Hijas : That’s where we come. That’s when we’re born in 2010. I, yeah. We’re born in 2010. But previously, there is Pejabat Warisan, about 3 workLIAN HUAT COMPANY 142 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
ers and then, we’ve been changed to Georgetown World Heritage Inc. until now. Joyee: So it’s no longer Pejabat Warisan. Mr.Hijas : No longer Pejabat Warisan, but the staff is here with us. Joyee : Before this, they Pejabat Warisan is a NGO as well? Mr.Hijas: No. It’s a State government department.. Mr.Hijas : Because we don’t want to be a department. We don’t to be a local authority’s department. We don’t want to be with state punya, formality things. If you, actually if you come to us, you have to write letters, of course, we do that, you have to write letters, but we also can just do that. Joyee: To make it more friendly. Mr.Hijas : Yeah, make it more friendly so that the communities can come by here. Because the government departments here, their office is in KomtMr. So, we don’t want to be like that. We want our office to be here, so the community can see us. So we want to be more friendly. Joyee : Ah, a very good thought. Joyee: Hmmmm. So I think we have asked enough questions already. Do you have any papers maybe, that we can refer, for example, the floor plan, lot number plan or construction drawing? Mr.Hijas : No, sorry to say, we don’t have that. If you want that, actually the owner can help you. Joyee : Yeah, but the thing is, the owner doesn’t have that. Mr.Hijas : Yeah, they might not have it, but the local authorities might have it. Joyee: MPPP? Mr.Hijas: Yeah. So you need a letter from the owner.Just write a simple letter. Joyee: They memang have the plan, complete untuk semua bilik? Mr.Hijas : That one I’m not sure, because, you see the plan that I gave you? It’s about 1894. You see, 1894. And then, some of the buildings, we do actually have a, what do you call, conserving building plan. You want to have a look? You got time? Joyee: Eh, sure sure sure. Mr.Hijas : Ok, it’s at the side of the building. You can go there. I’m not sure if the Building department has it but we got this drawing from them. But I’m not sure if your building is there. Joyee: Oh. Mr.Hijas : Yeah. If you go there, you need to know the lot number and the section. Which section in Georgetown. I think the owner should know. You need to see the ground. The owner need to provide the ground. Joyee: We saw the ground. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 143 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr.Hijas: And then you have to go to the building department. Joyee: Where is it? Mr.Hijas: It’s at Komtar, level 14. Joyee: Which is the? Mr.Hijas : It’s our exhibition centre. It contains some of the exhibition. And then one part is conserving the heritage building plans. So you want to go? Joyee: Yup. Mr.Hijas : Ok let’s go. Joyee: Thank you.
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11.2.3 MR.TAN YEOW WOOI - TAN YEOW WOOI CULTURE&HERITAGE RESEARCH STUDIO Joyee: 刚才我讲我的名字是Joyee Joyee: As I’ve mentioned earlier, my name is Joyee. Mr. Tan: Joyee 是吗？等下你们写下来。 Mr. Tan: Joyee is it? Please write your names down later. Joyee: 然后，我们想要问的问题就是，我们 a bit confused. Firstly about the shop house 的 style。 Joyee: We are a bit confused and would like to ask a few questions. Firstly, it’s about the style of the shop house. Joyee: Ya. 那个 owner 有mention but the Georgetown 的那个 officer, 就解释它是 combination of 那个 Southern Chinese style, 跟这个 Art Deco style. Joyee: Yeah. The owner did mention about it but the Georgetown officer explained that it is a combination of the Southern Chinese style and Art Deco style. Mr. Tan: Original 就是这个啦，过后来，这一年代他们有修过，这个里面的。可能是这个。然后再可能是这个，大概560 年代时 候。 Mr. Tan: Originally, yes. After that, in this era, they have repaired this interior. Maybe it’s this one. Then after that maybe it’s this one, about 560th era. Mr. Tan: 它的beam, 你看本来这些都是 timber 的。你看它的这个 bressumer beam，他都换成concrete了。 Mr. Tan: As you can see the beam is originally timber. You see that bressumer beam, it has been changed to concrete. Joyee: 在哪一个年代的时候换？ Joyee: Which era did the owner decided to change it? Mr. Tan:如果有换它的样子的话，可能，感觉啦，可能是560年代或者是更晚的一下。然后它已经换成以前是timber的bressumer beam 换成 reinforced concrete。 Mr. Tan: It’s just a feeling, but if you put it in that manner, maybe, it’s been changed around the 560th era or later. Joyee: 这么说560年代没有那么久啦。 Joyee: In that manner, the 560th era was not so long ago. Mr. Tan:就差不多这个时候。不过它的style 还是 remain Southern Chinese 啦。就除了它的bressumer beam， 然后还有它的这个 beam。 Mr. Tan: It’s around that time but the style still remains as the Southern Chinese style. All except the bressumer beam, and also this beam. Joyee: 这beam 有什么特别？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 145 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: What is so special about this beam? Mr. Tan:这个，它support 一个比较大的opening 啦。这个就叫 bressumer beam。然后，第二个就是它的窗口后来换成这个Sibu 的，也是差不多560年代的时候。 Mr. Tan: This beam supports bigger openings. This is called the bressumer beam. Secondly, the windows have been changed into the Sibu style, which occurs around the 560th era. Joyee: 这个有什么特别的名字给它? Joyee: Is there a special name for it? Mr. Tan: 那个 window 啊？ Mr. Tan: Do you mean the window? Joyee: Yeah. Joyee: Yeah. Mr. Tan:那个window 只是做metal frame glass window 咯。 Mr. Tan:That window is only called metal frame glass window. Joyee: That’s the only feature that represent 这个Art Deco style？ Joyee: That’s the only feature that represents the Art Deco style? Mr. Tan: Art Deco 或者Early Modern个都可以。 Mr. Tan: It can be either Art Deco or Early Modern. Joyee: 这是整件屋子只有一个 feature to represent 它整个东西？其他资料没有啊？ Joyee: Does this whole shop house only has one feature that represents it? Is there no other information? Mr. Tan: 我看啊，应该算是那两个咯。还有，它的 column 也有改过的，就是本来都是square的。过后它做成那个half-round的。 Mr. Tan: I think it’s these two. Also, the columns have been changed to square ones, they used to be half-rounded ones. Joyee: 圆的？ Joyee: Round ones? Mr. Tan: 对，也是说这个时候。 Mr. Tan: Yes, it can be said as the style from this era. Joyee: 也是说是 Art Deco 的啦。 Joyee: So it’s the Art Deco style. Mr. Tan: 是 Art Deco。Art Deco 或者是 Early Modern的啦。那个owner有说他几时买下来的吗然后是不是他们改掉一些？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 146 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Tan: Yes, it is Art Deco style. Actually, either Art Deco or Early Modern. Did the owner said when he bought the shop house and is he the one that changed some of the old structures? Joyee: 他们就是... 我们发现到的就是，如果我们 go through History的时候。 First 是 by 那个 Yeoh family 的吗，过后 buy by Dr. Gan,那个医生，然后才是 buy by 那个Lian Huat company. So, 你看到我们有那个major change， so 我们看到很多plaster, European的 都是 under 这个 Dr. Gan 的。But then 你看到这两个Art Deco, 它这边是两个 half done 的东西，是 by 这个的owner，Mr. 赵。 Joyee: When we went through the history of the shop house, they – we found out that the first owner of the shop house is the Yeoh family. Then, it was bought by a doctor, Dr. Gan. After that, is the Lian Huat Company. There is a major change when Dr. Gan owned the shop house, you can see a lot of plaster and European styles. But you see these two, half done, Art Deco style items, it is by the owner, Mr. Zhao. Mr. Tan: 那他什么时候买的啊? 20 年前？30 年前？ Mr. Tan: When did they buy the shop house? 20 years ago? 30 years ago? Joyee: 30 年前。 Joyee: 30 years ago. Mr. Tan: 这样算是到2014吗。这样可能是 early 60s 咯。因为这里的是2014年的吗，就30年了。多少？ Mr. Tan: It’s only counted to 2014 if you count it this way. If it’s like that, it might be the early 60s. This is because it’s 2014 now, and it’s been 30years. How many? Joyee: 80。 Joyee: 80. Mr. Tan:哈？1980多年啊？那个算晚了咯。那个已经算是 Early Modern Strait 啊。 Mr. Tan: Huh? 1980+? That is counted as late already. Then this is considered as Early Modern Strait. Joyee: 所以我就是说这全部的 design mostly 是 by 这个Dr. Gan。 Joyee: That’s why I said the design is mostly done by Dr. Gan. Mr. Tan: Dr. Gan 啦？ Mr. Tan: Dr. Gan. Joyee: Dr. Gan。Then, interior 方面？ Joyee: Dr. Gan. Then, what about the interior? Mr. Tan: Interior 方面，如果看来的话，它那个，如果看隔壁那间的话，那个店子旁边不是有这个 arch 吗？ Mr. Tan: If you look at it, in terms of the interior, you see that wall. Is there still an arch there at the corner? Joyee: 啊，对。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 147 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Ah, yes. Mr. Tan: 然后，这个 arch, 通常是 Late Straits 的时候才做的。 Mr. Tan: This arch is normally only done in the Late Straits era. Mr. Tan:这个是差不多30年代。 Mr. Tan: This is is almost 30eras. Joyee: 为什么那么说？ Joyee: Why do you say so? Mr. Tan: 那个比较 Western 的那种作法。你看这个时代的天井，这个airwell 的话，你看这个opening 的话，其实是很normal 的这个 beam 而已，它大大的beam 而已。它不会去做 arch 的。然后，这个是差不多这个时代的配合这个，前面的就是比较 Western 的style。 Mr. Tan: That is a more Western method. You see the air well of that era, this air well, you see the opening, normally is only this normal beam, only the big beam. It won’t have an arch. The front is a more Western style, and then, this one is almost matching this era. Joyee: To make 它的这个东西，因为我们也是 under Mr. Koh 的advice，他有叫我们去record 那个changes。然后，我们有走过整件 家，我们可以问那个，每一个… Joyee: Because we are also under Mr. Koh’s advice, he asked us to record those changes. We went through the whole shop house, we can ask these, every one of these – Mr. Tan:哪一个？ Mr. Tan: Which one? Joyee: 就那些 detail 子类。我们也有拍照那些。 Joyee: Like, those details. We also took photo. Mr. Tan: Ok, ok. Mr. Tan: Ok, ok. Joyee: 你是有讲这个building 是有几个style对吗？ Joyee: You said that this building has a few styles right? Mr. Tan: 这个。它基本是这个的，就是如果1870 都好，1881 都好， 188 多的就是了，是这个。 Mr. Tan: This one. Basically it’s this one, even if it’s 1870, 1881. As long as it’s 1880+, it’s this one. Joyee:我们从这里开始啦。从第二个airwell开始，就是这里，这边我们发现到有两个门，就是一个可以fit 两个人的，就是这个 门。然后过后，whereas original 是，它只是一个门巴了，然后没有拍到另外一个。就是我们发现到在另外一间店屋只是这个墙 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 148 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
壁对不对? 这个是长长的，然后这个是window 了。But then 在我们的另外一间，它是有两个门的。是不是因为医生的需要？ Joyee: We start from here, the second air well, we’ve noticed that there are two doors. One of them, which is this door, can fit two people, whereas the original can only fit one, but we didn’t take a photo of the original one. Also, we found out that the other shop house is only a well right? This is a long long one, then it becomes a window. But when our other one also has two doors. Is it because the doctor needed it? Mr. Tan: 是他需要的，这一个。 Mr. Tan: This one is the one the doctor needs. Joyee: But then 没有拍到它的另外的。 Joyee: But then we didn’t take a photo of the other one. Mr. Tan: 就，现在这两个门是没有窗的啦，是不是被打掉? Mr. Tan: These two doors now have no doors, have they been removed? Joyee: 啊，对对对。 打掉。它就变成一个这样。 Joyee: Ah yes. Removed. So it becomes one of this. Mr. Tan: 这样， 有可能。现在这个是门是吗? Mr. Tan: If it’s like that, then maybe. So now it’s this door right? Joyee: 啊，对。这个是门来的。 Joyee: Ah, yes. This is a door. Joyee: Ah, yes. This is a door. Mr. Tan: 这样，有可能。 Mr. Tan: If it’s like that, then maybe. Joyee: 是不是因为给病床？ Joyee: Is it because of the patient’s beds? Mr. Tan: 病床啊？ Mr. Tan: Sick beds? Joyee: 这样为什么他要两个门？ Joyee: Then why does he want this door? Mr. Tan: 没有，这个本来是这个的门吗。 Mr. Tan: No, it’s originally this door. Joyee: 对。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 149 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Correct. Mr. Tan: 本来这个是窗吗，后来他需要啊？干嘛他需要两个门。其实，如果大的可以过的话，小的也可以过的，是不是? 他因 该开比较大的门是给病床，他因该比这个的开更大。 Mr. Tan: This is originally a window, but then does he need it? What is he going to do with two doors? Actually, if it can go through the big one, it should also be able to go through the small one right? If this bigger door is for the sick beds, it should be bigger than this one. Joyee: 开更加大？ Joyee: Open even bigger? Mr. Tan: 开这样的，这样开才可以的。 Mr. Tan: Open it bigger, this way also can. Joyee: 我觉得 either 是 private的。 Joyee: I think it’s a private one. Mr. Tan: Unless 是 private的，他可能就建这个然后才把他建上。可能是说他；But then 他这里是后来是天井了吗。他也不能；他 也很难去挑。这个是这里吗，然后这个是厕所了吗；很奇怪啊。你说他隔房间，你说他隔这边，可能隔那边吗？ Mr. Tan: Unless it’s private, then maybe he constructed this before constructing this one. It can be said like that, but then over here is an air well already. He can’t possibly; it’s hard to pick. This is here right, then the toilet is here, it’s weird. You said he partitioned the room, he partitioned here, could he have partitioned that side? Joyee: 就我说的是，这个是病人的房间。然后，这边是厕所。然后，这里是kitchen 啦。 Joyee: That’s why I said this is a patient’s room. Then here is the toilet, then the kitchen is here. Mr. Tan: 哦，是病人的房间是吗？ Mr. Tan: Oh, this is the patient’s room is it? Joyee: I think 我们的推里是这样啦。因为如果是楼上，对不对？它们这楼上是病人住的房间，过后是它女儿跟他住的地方。 因为，那边有一个楼梯可以直接下来吗。所以，比如说这里只是给主人的楼梯，他们要跟病人隔。可能就这个厕所是给病人 的。 Mr. Tan: 厕所只有一个。 Mr. Tan: There is only one toilet. Joyee: 哦，这样就隔开。 Joyee: So they partition it like that. Mr. Tan: 可以啊，可以。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 150 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Tan: Yeah, they can. Joyee: 另外一个是，我们想问一下。这个窗口圆圆的是under 哪一个style？ Joyee: The other question we would like to ask is, what is the style of this window? Mr. Tan: 这一个？ 这个通常有的话，也有可能是11 个of 这一个 style。 Mr. Tan: This one? If you’re asking normally, there is a possibility of 11 styles. Joyee: 这个是 geometry 来的啊？ Joyee: This is a geometry one? Mr. Tan:蛤？噢，这个时候他很少会做arch 的窗口 Mr. Tan: Huh? Oh, at that time very few people will do arched windows. Joyee: 这个是under Late Strait。 想问一下early strait 跟 late strait 与什么差别？ Joyee: This one is under Late Straits. I would like to ask, what is the difference between Early Straits and Late Straits? Mr. Tan:这个有一点点差别啦，第一个就是它比较simple，它的这个石头它是比较 chinese 或者是combination有capital跟那个参的。 然后这边，by right 这边是一个console right?这个console。 而且这边他有放 r.c. slab。它这个是一个 flat roof, 短短的 flat roof。 Mr. Tan: There is a slight difference. Firstly, Late Straits is simpler, its stone is more Chinese or it’s a combination with capital. Over here, it’s a console right? This console. And over here, they used r.c. slab. Right here on this short flat roof. Joyee: Overhanging? Joyee: Overhanging? Mr. Tan: Overhanging的是 flat roof 来的。然后这里的时候，刚开始出现一点点玻璃，然后这里用了很多玻璃。 Mr. Tan: The overhanging one is the flat roof. And then over here, they only used a little glass, but over here, they used a lot of glass. Joyee: 哦，为什么这个时候就introduce 玻璃呢？ Joyee: Oh, why did they introduce more glass at this time? Mr. Tan: 因为这个时候玻璃的生产力比较多。 Joyee: Oh, why did they introduce more glass at this time? Joyee: 没有。 Joyee: They didn’t have – Mr. Tan:不是没有，是越来越少。这个，如果overlap 这个的时候还是有的，因为这个可能去到1.10吗。然后跟它overlap的话，后 期呢，他们会用到玻璃。越晚越多。你看这边用的更多玻璃。 Mr. Tan: It’s not that they don’t have it, it was reducing in amount. You see this one, if they overlapped it at this time, it’s still there because this can go LIAN HUAT COMPANY 151 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
up to 1.10. And then if this overlaps with this, over time, they will use glass. More and more over time. As you can see they used even more glass on this side. Joyee: 你说的是最高的？ Joyee: You meant the highest point? Mr. Tan: 啊，这个的时候。然后还有，就是 structure wise 这个其实是有用的。它这个column confirm 是 r.c. column。 Mr. Tan: Ah, this time, structure wise, they still use it. This column is a r.c. column. Mr. Tan: 对，然后这边是比较3D 的啦。这个看起来比较3D。然后，另外一个就是多的那个… Mr. Tan: Yes, and then this side is more 3D. You see this side is more 3D than the other side. And then the other one is more – Joyee: Decorative的东西？ Joyee: Decorative? Mr. Tan: Decorative 的东西，而且是hybrid的，就是Western跟 Chinese的混合在一起。 Mr. Tan: Decorative, and it’s hybrid, in other words, a combination of Western and Chinese. Joyee: 然后过后，第三个问题就是，我们可以再更详细的问一下一个airwell 的function吗？因为这一堆，好像它是挺起来，厕所 是凹进去的啊，还有一个是凸出来 Joyee: My third question is, can we ask you to give us a detailed explanation of the function of the air well? Because this here, it looks like it’s protruding out and the toilet is retracted in, and this one is projecting out as well. Mr. Tan: airwell 基本上是，这个是granite。 Mr. Tan: Basically an air well is, this is granite. Joyee: 所以这个是tiles来的啦？ Joyee: So these are tiles? Mr. Tan:原本，原本，我再看啦蛤，这样，再这样。。。它一个ceiling大概6寸，然后这个就是它的granite wrought酱咯。然后这个 华人叫做石英，这个edge 啊。然后其实本来这个airwell 不应该有toilet 的，如果是double section 的你看，你看啊这个东西啊，基 本上是不应该有。。。airwell不是在这边的，toilet不应该放这边，toilet会detach 到后面后面，那可能这个太长了，所以也有一 些他们会把它放在second airwell Mr. Tan: Originally, let me have a look again, like this, and like this… The ceiling is around 6inches, and then it’s like a granite wall. Then this edge here, the Chinese call it ‘石英’, Quartz. And then this air well should have a toilet. You see, if it’s a double section, this thing here, basically it’s not supposed to have it… the air well is here, the toilet shouldn’t be here, the toilet will detach all the way to the back, which in that case it would be too long, so that’s why some of them will put it at the second air well. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 152 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: 它会特地在airwell Joyee: So the toilet is specially placed at the air well. Mr. Tan: 这个长的话啦 Mr. Tan: If it’s the long one. Joyee: 这个有可能它attach to drainage，因为也有接跟drainage 不是？ Joyee: So this might be attached to the drainage system, because it’s connected to the drainage right? Mr. Tan:没有这个airwell 本来就有drainage 的，只是说它可以不用走到后面，后面也是有啦，这个只是方便他们使用的话， 家的 toilet在airwell 那边。 这个本来的airwell 不应该有 toilet 的。 Mr. Tan: No, this air well originally has a drainage system. I only said it doesn’t have to go all the way to the back, although the back has it as well, this is only used because it is more convenient, the house toilet is at the air well. This air well should not have a toilet. Joyee: 有没有说风水不好？ Joyee: Is it because of bad feng shui? Mr. Tan: 当然有啦， 就是说有些在屋子里面通常是他们说风水不好咯。以前这个东西它们是污sui 的东西嘛，所以就是detach 的嘛，它没有粘的嘛，这个是后家的啦。不过看样子呢，它的这个做法也不会，它后家也不会到八零年代的家，它再早一点 的。 Mr. Tan: Of course they have it, in other words some of the shop houses will normally be said that there is bad feng shui in it. Last time these things have ‘dirty sui’, so they detach it, never stick it together at the back of the house. But by the looks of it, his back house method is not during the 80s, it’s a bit earlier. Joyee: 大概八零年。。 Joyee: Around 80… Mr. Tan:不是不是，可能看它的样子它的做法的话，可能也是在。。（没有拍到它的toilet） Mr. Tan: No, maybe by the looks of it, maybe it’s… (never took a shot of the toilet) Joyee: 这个是唯一一张我们找到的，它的墙壁是酱的shape，白色的。 Joyee: This is the only picture we found, the white wall is this shape. Mr. Tan:这个是flatroof的话大概可以去到他们说的这个时候。它也是reinforced concrete 的啦，reinforced concrete flat roof。它这是 slab。 Mr. Tan: If this is the flat roof, we can say it is during this era. It has reinforced concrete as well, on the flat roof. This is a slab. Joyee：它这个是for ventilation啊？这个厕所 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 153 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Is this toilet for ventilation? Mr. Tan:对对对，它凸出来的嘛 Mr. Tan: Yes, as you can see it’s protruding out Joyee；它中间还有一个，它开掉它 Joyee: They opened up this part in the middle. Mr. Tan:它是一个井，一个lightwell酱啦 Mr. Tan: They have a well, it’s like a light well. Joyee：这样的东西时出现在这个era啦 Joyee: So these things appeared in this era. Mr. Tan:呃，差不多是在这个时候。早期的活是做pitched roof的啊。早期的话它们这个这边就会有点凸出来。或者是flat roof 的话 他们是用terracotta 的，用terracotta用 latten 什么东西，不是用reinforced concrete。 Mr. Tan: Yes, around this era. Earlier on they did the pitched roof. Earlier this part comes out a little bit. Or if they did a flat rood, they used terracotta, used terracotta and latten, but not reinforced concrete. Joyee：terracotta跟latten差很远啊？ Joyee: Is there a big difference between terracotta and latten? Mr. Tan:啊用terracotta的，terracotta flat roof啦。 Mr. Tan: The terracotta ones are flat roofs. Joyee: 这个什么terracotta。 Joyee: What is terracotta? Mr. Tan:terracotta是tiles啦，这种floor tiles啦。 Mr. Tan: Terracotta are tiles, like these tiles on the floor. Joyee: 红砖？ Joyee: Red brick? Mr. Tan:啊红砖。 Mr. Tan: Yes, red brick. Joyee: 所以它是做roof啦？ Joyee: So this is used for the roof? Mr. Tan:没有，terracotta是一种材质，就说你用clay去烧的出来，这些就是terracotta咯。Terracotta could be terracotta roof tiles 或是 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 154 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
terracotta floor tiles。 Mr. Tan: No, terracotta is a type of material, in other words you burn clay, without this upper layer it is called terracotta. Either terracotta could be terracotta roof tiles or terracotta floor tiles. Joyee:那这个masery。。。 Joyee: Then this masery… Mr. Tan:这个mase tiles 它也是terracotta的材质，不过它的shape不一样 Mr. Tan: These are mase tiles. They have terracotta but the shape is different. Joyee: 噢所以它是酱下来再酱下来，它是做roof的是啊？other than。。。 Joyee: So it goes down like that and like that again, and it becomes a roof? Other than… Mr. Tan:它是酱勾的，latten是这样放，它的勾一片一片勾下来，所以你看了不一样 Mr. Tan: It’s hooked like that, latten is placed like that, it’s hooked piece by piece, so it looks different. Joyee: oh okay，so我们next question 是这个是那个airwell咯，然后这个就是那个wall 对不对？我们想问这里是不是曾经有一个墙来 分辨？因为哦，我们发现到这个是楼梯对不对， 它这里有一条上来，然后它是有门的一个洞在那边。然后那个这里直上有一 个接的地方，所以它有可能是extend 上去。 Joyee: Oh okay, so our next question about this air well, where you can see this is a wall right? We want to ask if there used to be a wall here to separate them? Because we realized at this staircase, it has something coming up, and then over there they have a hole for the door. Also over here it connects to a place, so they might have extended it up Mr. Tan:通常。。。 这个我们这里的，airwell旁边就是楼梯，它这一边不会直接有东西，我看可能后来有个partition，它可能要 隔开这里。 Mr. Tan: Normally, over here, next to the air well is the staircase, it won’t have something over here, I think there might be a partition, they might have partitioned this area. Joyee: 因为它楼梯这个有，楼梯是一样的 Joyee: Because over here there is a same staircase. Mr. Tan:它只是加上去而已，它可能后来的时候这里加个partition。 Mr. Tan: They might have only added it up, then over here they added the partition. Joyee: 所以他楼梯下来，这个门是去不到的是不是？ Joyee: So when he goes down the stairs, this door is unusable right? Mr. Tan:嗯嗯，是咯。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 155 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Tan: Yes. Joyee: 所以不排除有门的可能性？ Joyee: So there is possibility of a door existing there? Mr. Tan:这个是加的，也是后加的，那个门。可能是做那个医院的时候啊。 Mr. Tan: This door is an add-on, but at a later time. Maybe it was added when this was a hospital. Joyee: screen还是门？ Joyee: Is it a screen or a door? Mr. Tan:应该不是screen，screen不是这个样子的，screen 的话很粗，大概4寸 x 4寸 Mr. Tan: It cannot possibly be a screen, a screen will not look like that. Let’s say if it’s a screen, it’s very thick, which is about 4x4 inches. Joyee: 所以是wall？ Joyee: So this is a wall? Mr. Tan: Timber partition 吧。Timber可能想像当时做那个楼梯吼，上去。然后这里是它的那个airwell，然后这里是它的wall，这边他 要一个partition的话可能只是矮矮的咯。这边是门的话，这里就是partition咯。 Mr. Tan: Let’s say it’s a timber partition. Maybe at that time timber is used to form a staircase going up. After that is the air well, and then over here is the wall, and over here he might have wanted a short partition. If the door is here, this is the partition. Joyee: 就把它的厕所隔掉酱 Joyee: So he partitioned the toilet. Mr. Tan:啊，厕所在这边了咯。然后这边他摆一个东西他不要走进去。这个可能是做医院的时候要partition的。一般如果住家最 早的时候不需要，它的screen的话如果有的话它会在哪里，如果有的话它是在这个2nd hall啊，如果很长的话它就在2nd hall 这边 的，而且它是这个样的。Screen的 Mr. Tan: Ah, the toilet it here. Then he swing something over here because he didn’t want to walk in. This might have been a hospital when they did the partition. For example, when it’s really early in the morning, the owner doesn’t need it, if it’s a screen, where would it be, if there is one it would be at the second hall, if it’s long it would be on this side of the second hall, like this. Joyee: next question，就是后面这两个窗口对不对，我们要问，因为它的墙壁很厚，所以它割出这个形状了的，所以就是想说， 它一建的时候它就立刻建酱的东西了啊？还是。。 the wall here is very thick, so he might have carved this shape out, so in other words, did it have this thing right after it was built or…? Mr. Tan:应该是 Mr. Tan: It should be. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 156 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: 因为它不可能mold了过后再建酱的。接下来我们就是要讲那个mold up 是不是那间家的后面的后面的后面，厕所的地方， 它是已经是做extension盖了起来，这里的understanding的话啦，它这里其实是open air 的，只有那个terrace酱出来而已，然后这里 是toilet。 Joyee: Because it’s not possible for them to mold it after they built it in this manner. After that I would like to talk about the rear part. At the far back part of this house, at the toilet area, they’ve already did an extension to cover it up. As far as I understand, this part is actually an open air area, only the terrace comes out like that, and then there’s a toilet. Mr. Tan:这里过后是，也是很大吼。然后这里是toilet，然后后面有加一点点partition嘛是？然后再来这个， Mr. Tan: The area after this is quite big as well. Over here is the toilet, they added a small partition here right? After that it’s this one. Joyee: 这个是 model file。。。所以我们觉得它是整个酱盖起来的。。。 Joyee: This is the model file, so I think they covered the whole thing up. Mr. Tan:这边啊？ Mr. Tan: This side? Joyee: 啊，这边是厕所然后storeroom，这里它extend 它盖到完的，就我们楼上看的话是厕所罢了。 Joyee: Ah, the storeroom is after the toilet, they extended this part to cover the whole thing, so if we look from the top the toilet is enclosed. Mr. Tan: 就是到这边啦整个厕所。盖到完啦，整个盖到完啦。这边有个厕所，再来一个，它不是有好几个partition嘛？这个一个 厕所，然后一个门，过后出去，然后一段嘛，对不对？ Mr. Tan: The whole toilet is up to this area. It’s fully covered. This side has a toilet, there as well, but it seems like there are a few partitions? This one is a toilet, then a door, when you go out, there is a small section, right? Joyee: 它这个后面有个storeroom。 Joyee: There is a storeroom behind. Mr. Tan:所以按照以前的话它一定有一个terrace的，然后这个terrace 也不会盖到完的。哦不对不对，有的是这样，有的又是这样, 一种是这样，open的。 Mr. Tan: According to last time there must be a terrace, also the terrace cannot be fully covered. Wait no, if there is it’s like this, if there isn’t it’s like this, kind of, open. Joyee: 我觉得一开始以前的时候是open air的，然后进来我们发现到是如果是这里啦，那个 hall 直接上的这个ceiling啦吼，还是那 个木的，可是到了这里那个ceiling 是plaster 来的，白色的。 I think 他们 renovate 过整个地方到了刚才厕所的整个上面，这个是不 是original的？这个木的板然后那整个 beam。阿就是这样，这是木的板然后整个beam，然后这个是那renovate floor Joyee: I feel that when it was first built it was open air, but after that we discovered that over here, the hall immediately connects to the ceiling, it’s LIAN HUAT COMPANY 157 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
timber, but when it comes to this side the ceiling is white plaster. I think they renovated the whole place from here to the area above the toilet. Is this original? The timber board and this whole beam, and then this is the renovated floor. Mr. Tan:这是在前面啦吼，ceiling Mr. Tan: This ceiling is the one in front. Joyee: 这个其实你看是一条一条 Joyee: Actually when you see this is one strip by one strip. Mr. Tan: joist啦 Mr. Tan: This is the joist. Joyee: 这个 renovate过了是吗？ Joyee: Has this been renovated before? Mr. Tan: 这个开始它renovate过。 Mr. Tan: At the start this has been renovated before. Joyee: 想问这个 beam 上面有小小个洞。。。 Joyee: I would also like to ask about the small holes above the beam… Mr. Tan: 这个跟电线有什么关系？这个是什么material？ Mr. Tan: What relationship does this have with the wire? What material is this? Joyee: 噢，这个电线已经移过。。。rubber，这个是rubber 吗？ Joyee: Oh, this wire has been moved.. rubber, is this rubber? Joyee：我们也是有证据啦证明说那个beam也是有不一样，那是它盖了的地方，这是那tyre在上面咯，他们做extension是那个厕 所 Joyee: We have evidence saying that the beams are different, this onehas been covered, and this is above the tyre, they also did an extension for the toilet. Mr.Tan：上面那个厕所的。。 Mr. Tan: The one above belongs to the toilet. Joyee：然后是后面去后门storage 那一边，ceiling的高度也是不一样，这里比较深这里比较浅，地上也是不一样。 Joyee: And then from the back to the storage at the back, the ceiling height is different; this one is deeper while this one is shallower. The floor is different as well. Mr.Tan：看到这个吗？这个是它original的 level，它是加高，以前的section来看，这个wall，这个楼板，还有出到terrace的话它的这 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 158 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
个用这个cobblstone。 Mr. Tan: Do you see this? This is the original level, they added a little height, as you can see from the section, this is a wall, this is a floor, and then at the terrace they use cobblestone Joyee：这是什么 stone？ Joyee: What stone is this? Mr. Tan: cobblestone Mr. Tan: Cobblestone. Joyee: 跟这个一样材料吗？ Joyee: Is this the same material? Mr. Tan: 不一样，这个是石头，granite，然后它support那个厚的beam，然后下面再放层terracotta Mr. Tan: No, this is stone, granite and then this supports that thick beam, and then below they put a layer of terracotta. Joyee: 这个是throughout它全部shop还是都会有的啦， cobblestone? Joyee: Is this put throughout the whole shop, the cobblestone? Mr. Tan:呃，你看到天井旁边都有啊，它有几个地方，第一个是，通常是这边，第二个是天井旁边的beam，这些啊在墙壁上那 边都有。 Mr. Tan: Yes, you see they are placed there next to the air well, there are also a few places. Firstly it is normally here, secondly is the beam at the second air well, above the walls over here has the cobblestone as well. Joyee: 都能够看得出那个重的啦。 Joyee: It’s obvious that they are quite heavy. Mr. Tan:第三个这些，这边也有。 Mr. Tan: Thirdly is these, over here. Joyee: 这算是个element 嘛？ Joyee: Is this counted as an element? Mr. Tan:也算是element 啊，就是这边，这个洋灰蹋在上面，所以它cobblestone的位置很低，当然以前的话这个 beam很大，所以 这个位子就这样下来 Mr. Tan: It’s counted as an element, over here, above these cement tread, so the placing of the cobblestone is very low, and then last time this beam is very big, so the placing goes below like that. Joyee: 那个是 original的吗？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 159 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Is this original? Mr. Tan:这个不是original， 有改过。这个是 original Mr. Tan: This is not original, it’s been changed before. This one is original. Joyee: 这个 original？ Joyee: This one is original? Mr. Tan: 这个 original。以前的 terrace是这样做的 Mr. Tan: This one is original. Last time the terrace is done like this. Joyee: 噢，木板。 Joyee: Oh, timber boards. Mr. Tan:木板，不是，先这个 beam噢，这个也可以叫 bressumer beam，然后它有一些小的 beam，然后在这个beam还是joist噢， 再来latten，latten上面就是3层的terracotta tiles Mr. Tan: Timber boards, no, first it’s this beam, this one can also be called bressumer beam, then after that it’s these small beams, then this beam or joist, then latten, above the latten is 3 layers of terracotta tiles. Joyee: 以前都是放tiles的啊？三个这个厚？ Joyee: In the olden days, these tiles are used? These 3 layers of it? Mr. Tan: 来来摸一下，feel一下，没有这么厚啦，这个是。。。3层。然后这个是3层的时候它里面还有这个lime mortar Mr. Tan: Come touch it, feel it. It’s not that thick, this one is 3 layers. After these 3 layers there is still a layer of lime mortMr. Joyee: 哇很重哦～ 所以这个东西支持那3层？ Joyee: Wow, it’s really heavy! So these things supports those 3 layers? Mr. Tan:嗯嗯。它原本比较小一点的，可能about这个可以。。。 Mr. Tan: Yes. It used to be a little smaller, maybe about this one it can… Joyee: 是这个size吗？ Joyee: Is it this size? Mr. Tan:这个是floor tiles啊，这个是也是terracotta floor tiles，不同厚度，不同size罢了。它有16寸，14寸，1尺的也有，各种各样的 size啦。等一下你们上去看这个下面的，比较小的。 Mr. Tan: This one is the floor tiles, this is also terracotta floor tiles, of different thickness and different sizes. They have 16inches, 14inches, 1 foot, all sorts of different sizes. Later you guys have a look at this one below, it’s smaller. Joyee: 这个beam，joist later 是吗？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 160 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: This is a beam, joist later? Mr. Tan: 然后你再走去外面，就是你的量它的span太大的时候比较好配到它的weight过去嘛，它比较不会bending，bending会比较 少。那个有比较漂亮的雕花。 Mr. Tan: And then later you go look on the outside, it’s better to span equal weights across, so that it won’t bend as much. This one has nicer carvings. Joyee: 所以这个railing friting 是for art deco？ Joyee: So this railing is for Art Deco? Mr. Tan:啊对啊对啊，很好。 Mr. Tan: Yes, very good. Mr. Tan: 那个大概三零到五零（年代）的。。。shanghai plaster Mr. Tan: That one is about 30s to 50s, it’s Shanghai plaster. Joyee: 是不是有railing frighting就一定有shanghai plaster？ Joyee: Is it because it has the railing then it must have Shanghai plaster? Mr. Tan: 不是不是，不一定。有可能比较晚，大概是六零年代的。假如是六零年代的话，就没有，过去就不流行了。它其实是 用小石子然后加cement再把它install。 Mr. Tan: No, not necessarily. Maybe it’s later, about 60s. If it’s around the 60s, then it doesn’t have Shanghai plaster, because at that time it’s not popular anymore. Actually they use small stones, then add cement during the installation. Joyee: 酱就是有shanghai plaster，因为我们的lecturer跟我们讨论的时候他是跟我们讲说它的railing是一些shanghai plaster都没 有，owner是没有跟我们讲shanghai plaster，他是他只是跟我们解释讲说这个石头是拿那个sponge这样子。 Joyee: Then it means that there is Shanghai plaster, because when our lecturer discussed this with us, he told us some of the railings do not have Shanghai plaster, but the owner didn’t tell us about Shanghai plaster, he only explained to us that this stone is like a sponge. Mr. Tan:那它有吗？很像plaster是吗？那它是粗粗的咯，只是后来它油漆，不应该先油漆的。就是它是grey colour 的。来来来。它 是灰色的，它主要是用这种batch来模仿石材，就是granite，石头咯。就是以前的石头贵嘛，那后来他们会拿那个cement，生产 更多，比较便宜咯。 Mr. Tan: Then does this have it? Is it similar to plaster? If it is then it should be quite thick, then a layer of paint was coated over, although the paint should not be done first. Which is this grey colour one. Come here. It’s grey in colour, the main thing is using this batch to mold the stone, which is granite. This is because last time stone was expensive, then they used cement, because the production is more, then it’s cheaper. Joyee: 所以就是说他们用cement来取代石头 Joyee: So you’re saying they used cement to replace stone. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 161 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Tan:就是cement加小石头然后洗了之后，达到一个texture 比较像石头 Mr. Tan: It’s a mixture of cement and small stones that has been washed to produce a more stone-like texture. Joyee: marble酱 Joyee: Like marble? Mr. Tan:不是 marble，marble是大理石，大理石是软的，比较透明的。那granite是不透明的。 Mr. Tan: It’s not marble, marble is soft, and more opaque. Granite is not opaque. Joyee: 早期是用granite做啦？ Joyee: So in the olden days, they use granite? Mr. Tan:granite嗯granite。所以后来你们看到是这个咯酱，plaster酱。Plaster在槟成的话是三零到六零年代初啊。 Mr. Tan: Yes, granite. So after that you see this, like plaster. Plaster was introduced in Penang in the 30s to 60s. Joyee: 那六零年代之后是用？ Joyee: Then what do they use in the 60s? Mr. Tan:是用cement，plaster。 Mr. Tan: They use cement and plaster. Joyee: 哦，cement，plaster，glass啦。 Joyee: So it’s cement, plaster and glass. Mr. Tan:如果是wall的话基本上都是cement，plaster。六零年代还有用lime plaster，七零年代开始都是用cement了。后来cement越来 越便宜。所以这样讲的话你看他们那时候，这个的有点trace apart的都好过plaster。 Mr. Tan: Basically if it’s for walls they use cement and plaster. In the 60s, they still use lime plaster, but in the 70s, they start to use cement. That’s when cement becomes more and more expensive. So you see at that time, there are traces that plaster is better. Joyee: 比较粗啦？ Joyee: The thicker ones? Mr. Tan:不是粗，可能是晚期了 Mr. Tan: Not thicker, maybe at a later date. Joyee: 所以不可以完全讲说它没有art deco？ Joyee: So we cannot say that there is completely no Art Deco? Mr. Tan:呃，一点点啦，对我来说它还是这个，只是说它换掉一些东西，就是那个年代它改了些东西，所以基本上还是这个。 Mr. Tan: Er, there is a bit, for me I’ll say it’s this one, only that some of the things have been changed, then in this era they changed these things, but LIAN HUAT COMPANY 162 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
basically it’s still this one. Joyee: 可是你不觉得它跳的有点很好笑一下，它原本是酱，然后它把这个窗口放旁边这个。 Joyee: Don’t you think it’s weird, originally it is like this, but then later on they put the window next to this? Mr. Tan:对咯，其实这里到这边的时候它建筑开始坏了嘛，所以到通常很多这个房子到了大概这个年代就要renovate了。他们就 拿当时流行的材料去做。其实不只是这个啦，可能这个时候它可能就要这个style，然后到这个的时候它就越modern style。所以 给我定它的style还是可能是这个，因为它的element最多。 Mr. Tan: Yes, actually from here to here, the building has been damaged at that time, so around this era they have to renovate it. They will take the most popular material to do it. Actually it’s not only this, maybe at this time they say they want this style, then at this time they wanted a more modern style. So I think its style might be this one, because it has more of its elements. Joyee: reason being是因为它的这个structure Joyee: The reason being is because of this structure? Mr. Tan:还有它的整个element。除非如果说它的这个 façade 换成这个哦，很多很多的话我们才给它 two。那个没有啊，基本上它 只是一点点的东西，它的比例不高啦。 Mr. Tan: Also this whole element. Unless you say that this façade has been changed to this, we give it two if there’s a lot. That one doesn’t have it, basically it’s only a bit, the proportion is not a lot. Joyee: 第二楼那边，她有个很奇怪的东西，哦这个是这个是第一个房间，楼上第一楼房间，我想问一下这个是这里为什么会有 这样的。。。 Joyee: The second floor has a very weird thing, which is the first room on the first floor. I want to ask why is it like this over here? Mr. Tan: Panel Mr. Tan: Panel. Joyee: 这个不可能原本就的嘛，这个是过后才装上去还是原本就有了的？这是original的吗？ Joyee: It cannot originally be like this, right? Or is this the original panel. Mr. Tan:这个啊，这个感觉上有renovate 过啦，可能它坏掉那个补上去。 Mr. Tan: I think they renovated it before. It can’t possibly by damaged then replaced there. Joyee: 因为它后面是，你看它这样的话，它有一条线这样 Joyee: Because if you look behind, it has this line. Mr. Tan:它就是坏掉，坏掉。所以下面它坏掉他补。 Mr. Tan: This one is damaged. So they replaced the damaged part below. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 163 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: 所以这里是什么来的？是screen来的吗？ Joyee: So what is this thing? A screen? Mr. Tan:这个是它的partition，这个是个房间的partition，不是 screen，screen它后面不是，不是，嗯。 Mr. Tan: This one is the partition, this is the room partition, not a screen, the back of the screen is not like this. Joyee:这个是什么style？ Joyee: What style is this? Mr. Tan:这个是什么style啊？它这个是chinese artisan，这个是它那时候chinese的 element来的。这个叫lattice，如果要找叫timber lattice Mr. Tan: What style is this? It’s Chinese Artisan, it’s has the Chinese element of that time. This is called lattice, if you want to look for it, it’s called timber lattice. Joyee:有没有得找啊？就它不同的 lattice有不同的。。一个chart这样，有没有人compile这样？ Joyee: Can it be found? There are differences between different lattices. Does anyone compile it like this, like a chart? Mr. Tan：目前还没有，台湾的也许有，在这里没有。这个大部分是讲解以前，大概是这种，diagonal的，菱形的。所以基本是 这种。这个是要讲究的，这个是要花钱的。 Mr. Tan: Initially no, Taiwan might have it, but we don’t have it here. This big portion explains about last time, about this type, diagonal, in the shape of water chestnuts. This one needs research, which requires money. Joyee: 他越来越没有钱，因为他后面女儿的房间没有这个。 Joyee: He has less and less money, because in the daughter’s room at the back doesn’t have this. Mr. Tan:百分之85以上都是这样的，Chinese的房子，他是算是有钱的。Lattice也是很难翻译中文。中文很难讲什么是lattice啦，花 格窗。 Mr. Tan: 85% of the time it’s like that, in terms of Chinese rooms, he has money. Lattice is also hard to translate into Chinese. In Chinese it’s hard to say lattice. Joyee: 花雕？我们屋子如果看section的话啦，这里不是一个酱，然后一个airwell 然后一个酱对不对？然后我们在第二楼啦，这 个第一楼啦对不对？刚刚我们在这里嘛，现在我们在这中间啦 Joyee: If we look at the sections of the shop house, this area here is not like that, it’s an air well then one of something like this right? At the second floor, this is the first floor right? Just now we were here, now we’re in the middle. Mr. Tan: 这里有arc，这里有 arc Mr. Tan: There’s an arc here, and there. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 164 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: 啊，这里有三个arc咯！然后这里就是有那个很奇怪的的这个哦，我们想问为什么它一面是这样，另一面是三个 arc啊？ Joyee: So there are 3 arcs! Then there’s a very weird thing here, which we want to ask why is one side like this, and the other side has 3 arcs? Mr. Tan:这个是非常modern的做法。这个改过了，这个改很大，这个是arc这边。 Mr. Tan: This is a very modern method. After changing this, this changed a lot, and this is the area with the arc. Joyee:这个是after modernism的这个。。。这个有没有可能它原本是arc然后他把整个都拆掉然后再把它放进去，可是这个东西不 support这个building的么？ Joyee: This is after modernism… This one cannot originally be an arc then they remove this and put this in, but this supports some part of the building? Mr. Tan:如果这样讲的话，通常它这边啊，这是airwell旁边嘛，通常是这种的。就是它是很轻的timber structure，然后就放那个木 的binding，然后他要拆掉然后就加就加就加就容易了， Mr. Tan: If it’s like this, this is next to the air well, normally it’s like this. This is a very light timber structure, and then here is the wooden blinds, then he removes it and adds it back easily. Joyee:就是说大多数的shophouses都是轻轻的foundation。 Joyee: So you’re saying most of the shop houses have very light foundation. Mr. Tan：timber， timber的column，timber的。。。 Mr. Tan: Timber, timber columns, timber… Mr. Tan:如果后来它们坏掉了就直接换别的比较容易咯。 Mr. Tan: If they are damaged in the future it’s easier to replace them. Joyee: 所以这个是like after modernism的啦 Joyee: So it’s like after modernism? Mr. Tan:嗯，after modernism，我们再看一下那个arc的size。 Mr. Tan: Yes, after modernism, let’s have another look at the arc size. Joyee: 就是中间大然后两边小。它会不会是有那个了Late Straits 就它一边酱另一边就酱，它上面有那个airhole。 Joyee: The middle here is big then the two sides are small. Is it because of the Late Straits and this becomes like this, also above it is an air hole. Mr. Tan:这个后来是什么？也是rc啊？忘记了，没有注意看上面。 Mr. Tan: What is this in the end? R.c. as well? I forgot, I wasn’t paying attention to the details above. Joyee:照我们看这个是不一样，就这个是它凸出来了。Different setting。 Joyee: According to what we have seen this one isn’t the same, and then this one is protruding out. Different setting. Mr. Tan:右边啊？这是非常modern的一个建筑，rc column 跟这个。。。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 165 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Tan: The right side? This is a very modern building, the r.c. column and this. Joyee:啊，怎样一看就看得出rc，一看就看得出rock？你要去打它是吗？ Joyee: Ah, how did you know it’s r.c on the first glance, once you see it you know it’s rock? You knocked on it? Mr. Tan：怎么一看啊？怎么去看什么是rc 什么是brick是吗？ Mr. Tan: How did I tell? How did I tell what is r.c. and what is brick is it? Joyee: brick一定是load bearing Joyee: Brick must be load bearing. Mr. Tan:不一定不一定，只是说它也可以这样做，这个 Late Straits 的开始啊，它的frame是rc，然后它infume with brick。 Mr. Tan: Not necessarily, but you can say it’s done like this, it started in the Late Straits era, the frame is r.c., and then infilled with brick. Joyee: 这个时候铁不是很贵？ Joyee: Wasn’t metal expensive at that time? Mr. Tan:蛤？铁啊，铁开始用多了，不会说贵啦，开始了。所以这边是它的brick wall，然后这个是有rc的咯。它看不出来的因 为通常它不会凸出来，它的墙两边是它的column在里面，这个上面看来它是非常新的啦。后面另一个方式是这个如果很厚的 话，那可能是，它本来是一个brick wall 的。Arc 然后把它换掉然后敲敲敲，因为如果把它rc，如果是新的rc的话他不会设计那么 厚。Rc的话通常它会很薄。Rc的设计如果它是准备要填那个wall 的话它大概是这样啦。尤其是在interior的那个partition 的wall， 那个interior它顶多就是9寸墙啊，9寸大概是。。。230，240这样。如果这个是10几寸的就是原来的这个load－bearing。 Mr. Tan: Huh? Metal, initially there was enough for use, not to say expensive at the start. So this side is the brick wall, and then this one is r.c. You cannot tell because normally it won’t come out like this, this two walls have columns inside, which if you look from the top it looks relatively new. At the back they used a different method which if let’s say this is very thick, maybe this is a brick wall. This is an arc and then they knock it, because if this is made with r.c., if it’s made of new r.c. it won’t be designed to be so thick. R.c. is normally very thin. If the design of the r.c is to fill the wall it would look like this. Especially the interior wall partition, it’s about 9inches, which is about 230, 240. If it’s over 10inches then it’s the original load-bearing? Joyee: 差不多这样厚？25多，算厚吗？ Joyee: Is it almost this thich? About 25 inches, is it considered thick? Mr. Tan:25多。。。算厚了。 Mr. Tan: About 25inches, it’s considered thick. Joyee:通常一个住家的thickness有多厚？ Joyee: Normally how thick is the wall in a house? Mr. Tan:住家啊？住家如果external wall的话，现在的话，两个brick的话就是4寸加4寸，8寸咯。8寸再加plaster 的话就差不多10多， LIAN HUAT COMPANY 166 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
普通住家大概都是这样啦，大概都是230，partition都是115 。 Mr. Tan: In a house? Externally, now, two bricks is 4inches plus 4inches, 8 inches. 8 inches and adding the plaster should be around 10plus, a normal house is like that, about 230, partition is 115. Joyee:可是这个就250，更加厚 Joyee: But this is 250, which is even thicker. Mr. Tan：在里面的话算是external 的，如果按照现在来看是 external 的wall嘛。如果这样讲的话可能原来brick wall 咯，可能他把他 的arc的东西啊，可能啦，把它全部拿掉然后就cast concrete beam 下去。 Mr. Tan: The one inside is considered as an external one, according to how you see it now it looks like an external wall. If it’s like that it might be a brick wall, maybe the arcs, maybe, he removed them and casted concrete beams. Joyee: 那如果这样讲为什么它上面是五院子下面是两房子为什么这样奇怪？ Joyee: Then if it’s like that, why does the upper floor have 5 courtyards and the lower floors has only 2 rooms, why is it so weird? Mr. Tan:哪一个？这个啊？这些吼？ Mr. Tan: Which one? This? These? Joyee: 原本就只有几只，后来它接上去还是他们做工作到一半不想做就打上去罢了？上面为什么它空空的啊？ Joyee: Originally it has a few, then are the upper floors done halfway then they decided to give up on it? Why is the upper floor still empty? Mr. Tan:这个啊？这个有可能它，这一项吧，它take它的load吧，这个wall 酱这个wall酱，这一层楼都是这些东西去take的嘛，上 面都是那些beam去take嘛，所以就是这个 wall可以不用真正去算是做structure的嘛，所以它不用去到楼上啊，它来到这里就放 arc然后再放lattice也有可能，给它通风也有可能。 Mr. Tan: This one? Maybe it’s because of this thing, it takes the loads, this wall is like this and this wall is like that, this floor also has things to take, upstairs has those beams that take the load, so this wall can be counted as the structure, so that it doesn’t have to go upstairs, they might have put an arc here and then put a lattice, to allow air ventilation. Joyee:因为它这里应该放lattice。。。 Joyee: Because there should be a lattice here. Mr. Tan: 因为我是觉得看它样子应该是放lattice，因为它就不用去到那么高。 Mr. Tan: Because when you look at it like this it should have a lattice, so that he doesn’t have to go that high. Joyee:我的看法是，我的问题是，如果它这个是quite modern 的这个renovate 啊，酱它这边应该是上面还是下面咧？应该是上面 对不对？这个以上？ Joyee: In my point of view, my question is, if this is considered as quite modern renovation, then should this be above or below? It should be above LIAN HUAT COMPANY 167 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
right? Above this? Mr. Tan:这个是，这个咯，这个要再看清楚一点。 Mr. Tan: This one is this, you have to look at it more carefully. Joyee:还是这个是它的brick wall？上面还是这两支而已 Joyee: Or this one is the brick wall? Above there is these two things only. Mr. Tan:这上面两只，这上面两只歪歪的吼，这是随便支撑酱而已，敷衍的，随随便便的。上面再有个beam是吗？是木的还是rc 的？就是这个啊，你看这个是木的beam还是rc beam？这一条，这是上面的。看不到啊？遮掉了啊？应该再去看一下吼。 Mr. Tan: These two things above, it’s slanted, it’s simply like a support, perfunctory. Do you see that beam above? Is it timber or r.c.? This strip, on the top. Do you see it? Is it covered? You should go and have a look. Joyee:我们明天当场再来问你啊。 Joyee: Tomorrow we will ask you on the spot. Mr. Tan:这个，看不清楚，可能它用包一些木板。讲不上，你们实际上去看一下，这个很多层啊，这个绝对不会这样做 的。Okay来，还有呢？换人啊？ Mr. Tan: I cannot really see this one clearly, maybe it’s wrapped in a few timber strips. Cannot really say it, you need to actually have a look, this has a few layers, cannotbe done like this. Okay, anymore? Changing people? Joyee:你看到这个design吗？你看这个building外面也有，那个 building外面也有将它是在那时候做的。。。 Joyee: You see this design? The exterior of the building has it as well, the exterior also had this done at that time… Mr. Tan:其中一种，其中一种，其中一个，这个啊，这个是叫ceramic tiles。 Mr. Tan: It’s one of those, it’s called ceramic tiles. Joyee:是在那时候很常用的的啊？ Joyee: At that time is it often used? Mr. Tan:有一段时期很流行，大概可能这样讲的话大概1850年左右。 Mr. Tan: It was quite popular at one point of time, maybe around 1850s. Joyee: 什么material 啊？ceramic。 Joyee: What material is it? Ceramic. Mr. Tan: Ceramic air vent，它是叫vent block，有时候叫vent block。 Mr. Tan: Ceramic air vent, it’s called vent block, sometimes it’s known as vent block. Joyee:哦这个我们在stairs那边也有是不是？可是外面那边没有。Façade有。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 168 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Then beside the stairs there’s one as well right? But outside it doesn’t have it. It’s also on the façade. Mr. Tan:很多地方都有，另外一面用到天井，天井用到厕所，然后这是for ventilation，不过外面for ventilation 还有decoration。 Mr. Tan: A lot of places have it, the other side uses the air well, the air well uses the toilet, after that it is for ventilation, but the exterior one is used for ventilation and decoration. Joyee:它是有用到什么style的吗？这么酱美的？这个时候。。。拿来做什么？拿来放在厕所？ Joyee: What style does it use? Why is it so pretty? At that time, what is it used for? Is it placed at the toilet? Mr. Tan:就是floor tiles 和 air vent咯。 Mr. Tan: It’s for the floor tiles and the air vent. Joyee: 有钱人才有？ Joyee: Only the rich has it? Mr. Tan:不一定，这个时候算是很多人才会有。 Mr. Tan: Not really, at this time a lot of people have it. Joyee: 所以我们看到这个东西，就可能说是1950，southern chinese？ Joyee: So the things we see, can be said as 1950, Southern Chinese? Mr. Tan:如果使用了这么多的话，他们是大概是50，60年代的啦 Mr. Tan: If it’s widely used, then it’s about the 50s, 60s era. Joyee:有啊，上面我们拿的那个tupperware的地方哦，被abandoned了。这个哦，其实我们的那个building其实是有的，我们有拍了 下来，所以它这个是属于什么style啊？ Joyee: It is, at the upper floor, we take that abandoned Tupperware area. This one, actually, our building has it, we took a picture, which style is this considered as? Mr. Tan:这个啊？这个上面？这个ornaments 啊？这个ornaments 是southern chinese 哦。 Mr. Tan: This one up there? This ornament? This ornament is Southern Chinese. Joyee：为什么这个ornaments 哦，一间有一间没有的？ Joyee: Why do these rooms not have the ornaments? Mr. Tan:本来都有。。。 Mr. Tan: Originally they have it. Joyee:本来都是有的，然后他拆下来，他不喜欢。Doctor不喜欢。因为它这个是有什么意思的吗？你不懂啊？他是什么意思？ Joyee: Originally they have it, then he removed it, he didn’t like it. The doctor didn’t like it. Is there a meaning behind it? You don’t understand? What is LIAN HUAT COMPANY 169 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
the meaning of this? Mr. Tan: 看它的panel都不一样啊，它每个panel都不一样啊，它四间。。。 Mr. Tan: You see the panels are different, every panel is different, the four rooms… Joyee:它是一个故事酱还是怎样啊？ Joyee: Is is a story behind every one? Mr. Tan:没有，要看哪一间咯。看你哪一间，它每一间都不一样。它basically有一些吉祥的花草或者是一些动物，啊这个凤凰， 然后这个牡丹，然后鹿什么的，其他我看到一些他有tauke的相，像那个隔壁那一间，那个有戴帽的。那个样子已经到20年代 了 Mr. Tan: No, you have to see which room. You look at every room, it’s different. Basically it has auspicious flowers or some animals, this is the phoenix, then this is the peony, and this is the deer, and the others I can see it has the ‘tauke’s’ look, like that wall in that room, it wears a hat. That look is already in the 20s era. Joyee：有什么书我们是可以去look about，about这个ornaments？然后它自己的故事啊。哦那天有讲说有一个中国？是吗？哦， 法国人来看那个，他就看到那个东西就有解释那个故事给，他有解释吗？因为他就路过啊，然后他就进来做research，然后他 就看着东西，看人家怎样renovate，然后那个他就讲这个很贵啦。 Joyee: Are there any books we can look at about these ornaments? To see the story behind it. That day there was one talking about China? Is it? The French came to look at it, and he looked at the thing and gave an explanation and the story behind it, did he? Because he crossed over and came to do research, he looked at the things, look at how they renovated. Then he said this one is very pricey. Mr. Tan:我忘记了这个panel 里面是什么。是原装还是？ Mr. Tan: I forgot what is inside this panel. Is this the original form? Joyee：这个是，我们也看不是很清楚。。这个是main的啦，我们的那个shop 那边是拆掉 Joyee: We looked at this one and is still not sure. This is the main one, the one at our shop has been dismantled. Mr. Tan:这个是有个tauke咯，然后有花草咯。 Mr. Tan: This one has the ‘tauke’, then this one has flowers. Joyee:可是它有自己雕上去的还是买那个店就有了的？ Joyee: But did he carve it himself or it was already there when he bought the shop? Mr. Tan:哦，他做那个屋子的时候就有了的，那种decoration啦。 Mr. Tan: Oh, when he did the shop house that type of decoration was already there. Joyee:哦所以他们没有得自己选他们要的model啦？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 170 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Oh, so they didn’t choose the model they wanted? Mr. Tan:通常他们没有。 Mr. Tan: Normally no. Joyee：那它这个material是。。。 Joyee: Then the material used is? Mr. Tan:这个是有两种东西，一种是stucco，另一种是。。。 Mr. Tan: This has two types… One is stucco, the other one is – Joyee：呃，那现在还可找到。。 Joyee: Oh, so you can still find it now. Mr. Tan:stucco relieve啊，就是那个徽索啦。另外一个是剪粘。这个应该是有剪粘啦。剪粘英文是jiannian。。。哈哈。英文就是 cut and paste啦。 Mr. Tan: Stucco relieve, it’s like those logo reseach type. The other one is cut and paste. This should be cut and paste. ‘剪粘’ in English is jiannian (cut and paste), haha. Joyee:这些还找到的吗？ Joyee: Can you still find it now? Mr. Tan:这是特别order啦。 Mr. Tan: This is a special order. Joyee:哦，以前就比较common，现在就比较少了。 Joyee: Oh, last time is more common, now it’s rare. Mr. Tan:以前很普遍哦，中国来的。这个，这是一种那个decoration 咯。 Mr. Tan: Last time it’s very general, and it’s from China. This one is a type of decoration. Joyee：然后一个就是，它上面你懂就有那个trust在那边，盖掉它那个roof，所以这个trust它会不会是有一个system的名字？ Joyee: And then, you know the truss on the upper floor, it covered the rood, so will the truss have a system name? Mr. Tan:这个我第一次看到，我觉得它是要support它那个wall啦，就是，我怀疑它那个两个jack roof 啊，这个这样的话它会来开这 样是，这个开了之后我觉得它要support那两个wall，所以他做了那么大的一个truss。 Mr. Tan: This is the first time I’ve seen it. I think it will support the walls, which, I suggest those two jack roof, if it’s like that it will open up, and when it opens up it will support the two walls, that way he did such a big truss. Joyee：哦，所以是之后才做？因为这里的skylight它是之后才开的。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 171 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Oh, so this is done later? Because the skylight over here is opened up later. Mr. Tan:那个owner说它本来是这样，如果section来看，这个是它的jack roof嘛是？它是这样是，所以它上面是怎样，它是这样 的，它这个是天花板，然后它是这样，呃这样，这个是它一个panel哦，这个是这样，然后这个是这样，所以说这个panel把 它盖起来咯，这个是truss 啊。到了这里的话哦，我不知道到了天花板它会不会开掉，让光进来，我也不懂啊，它有这个做法 是，现在它已经变了ardue line的那个perspeck 啦，那个它以前如果没有的话，不能直接给它拆掉嘛，基本上是给它透气，出 去，然后这里它又给它盖上，这个是特别的structure。 Mr. Tan: The owner says it’s actually like that. If you see it from a section view, this is a jack roof right? So up there it’s like this, it has the ceiling, and then it’s like this, this is a timber panel. This one is like this, so we can say this timber panel is used to cover this truss up. Over here, I don’t know if the ceiling can be opened up to allow sunlight. I also don’t know the method used, now it’s become a on due line of Perspex. If it’s not there last time, you cannot just dismantle it, basically it’s for ventilation, then over here you cover it up. This is a special structure. Joyee:为什么他要这样做？ Joyee: Why does he do it that way? Mr. Tan:现在来看它是要给它这边要通气，他做jack roof 咯。Jack roof 就是屋顶上面它再做一个jack up。本来屋顶这样嘛，然后 屋顶再jack up 一个roof，然后这个就拿掉，这个是装百叶，然后这个。。。 Mr. Tan: If you look at it now, he wants it for ventilation, so he did a jack roof. Jack roof is doing a jack up above the jack roof. Originally the roof is like this, then above the roof you add a jack up roof, then you take it away, this is called fitted blinds. Joyee:哦百叶，我看到很多百叶窗，可是它是用玻璃的，不是用木的。 Joyee: Oh, blinds, I’ve seen a lot of blind windows, but it’s made of glass, not timber. Mr. Tan:这边还是木的嘛，本来是木。这个现在是玻璃啊？这个是那个，那个叫做，它是brands perspex 啦，或是 on due line， on due line是指它是波浪形的，那种perspex咯，它波浪形的这种，transparent的那种perspex啦吼。 Mr. Tan: This side is timber, originally it’s timber. Now it’s glass? This one is that one, it’s called, the brand is Perspex, or on due line, on due line means it’s wavy, that type of Perspex, the wavy type, those transparent type of Perspex. Joyee：它这还是有那个窗在那边嘛。Eventhough 它的ceiling 拿掉了对不对哦？ Joyee: There is still the one at the window. Even though the ceiling has been taken away right? Mr. Tan:我不知道它以前ceiling是不是有一个洞，这是一个洞，应该是啦，它是不是这样？ceiling 这样，然后这个气可以散出去 散出去，这是second floor 咯。 Mr. Tan: I don’t know if the ceiling had a holw last time, This should be a hole, is it like this? The ceiling is like that, and then the air can disperse, since this is the second floor. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 172 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee：就是说它ceiling拿掉对不对？就是说这个它也拿掉拿掉，它这个它好像还有百 叶窗。 Joyee: So the ceiling is taken off right? So it’s said as it’s been taken off, then it still has the fitted blinds. Mr. Tan:百叶窗这里，所以它的air才可以出去嘛。你看，我忘记这个shape是怎样了，是不是这样？明天啊？明天早上应该不会 哦。这里是木的百叶啦，只是后来他放了perspex而已。 Mr. Tan: The fitted blinds are here so that the air can go out. You see, I forgot what the shape is like, is it like this? Tomorrow? I don’t think it will tomorrow morning. This is the timber blinds, only later on he added the Perspex. Joyee:就是他剪了 perspex 的时候他也放百叶，可是是通去。。。 Joyee: So he cut the Perspex and added the blinds, but then through – Mr. Tan:通风咯 Mr. Tan: Ventilation. Joyee:所以就是讲说如果没有 perspex 的话，jack roof是会在上面的啦？ Joyee: So you’re saying if there’s no Perspex, the jack roof will be there? Mr. Tan:这个做法是叫jack roof的，只是它的屋顶再jack up。 Mr. Tan: This method is called jack roof, only the roof is jacked up. Joyee：所以这个只是加skylight罢了啦？这边算是jack roof吗？ Joyee: So this one only added a skylight? Is this side counted as a jack roof? Mr. Tan:这边算是jack roof 啊。它这个也算jack roof 啊，两个jack roof啊。 Mr. Tan: This is counted as a jack roof. This is also counted as a jack roof, two jack roofs. Joyee：它是jack中间酱还是。。。 Joyee: The jack is in the middle like this or – Mr. Tan:他不是 Jack到这边，他是 Jack两边，两个地方它jack。 Mr. Tan: The jack is not till here, the jack is two-sided, it has jack on two sides. Joyee:这个是建屋子的时候就有了，还是？ Joyee: It’s already there when the shop house was built, right? Mr. Tan:我不知道是不是做医院的时候，我相信可能是做医院的时候，可能需要卫生啊，我觉得是在医院的时候。 Mr. Tan: I don’t know if it was done when it was a hospital, I believe it might be during that time, maybe it’s cause of cleanliness, that’s why I think it’s during that time. Joyee:可是为什么要英国国旗那一种？ LIAN HUAT COMPANY 173 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: But why is it made like an English flag? Mr. Tan:可能它就比较稳。 Mr. Tan: Maybe it’s more stable. Joyee：可是它那个beam哦，已经掉到七七八八了，会不会影响到那个roof不好？ Joyee: But this beam, has settled, will it affect the roof? Mr. Tan: 现在啊？我想看它到底是有多少只塌掉。 Mr. Tan: Now? I want to see how much it has collapsed. Joyee：这个东西它是在最后那个楼上那一边的，刚才讲的应该是for safety 咯。 Joyee: This thing that I mentioned just not that is placed at the back on the upper floor should be for safety purposes. Mr. Tan: for safety 啊？这个是后加的，应该是后加的。 Mr. Tan: For safety? This is added later, it should be added later. Joyee:通常airwell有几个walkway，是不是第一个。。。 Joyee: Normally the air well has a few walkways. Is it the first one… Mr. Tan:哦，这个要看你的宽度，如果一般的屋子的话，一个airwell的话，它就一个walkway咯，如果它不是很宽的话它就airwell 在中间，两边是walkway 咯。看plan，如果不是很宽的话，它就是这样哦，就只有两种而已。隔壁也是在 centre的，隔壁很大 吼，大概19尺，这个，这个旁边。我们可以7.30结束吗？ Mr. Tan: Oh, this one is decided after looking at the width. Like if it’s a house, if it’s 1 air well, it’s 1 walkway. If it’s not very wide, the air well is in the middle then there are walkways on both sides. If it’s not very wide, it’s like that, there’s only two types. The one next door is in the centre. The one next door is really big, about 19 feet, this one is on the side. Can we wrap up at 7:30? Joyee:呐呐呐，还有一个，楼下那边的，第几个啊？第2个hall，它这是有两层不一样的颜色，它是不是有讲之前这边是patient的 room，这边是。。。啊，他隔了很多层，楼下，有三个门那边。 Joyee: Okay, there’s one more, downstairs, which one? The second hall, there’s two layers of different colours. Before this is this a patient’s room, and this side, he partitioned many layers, downstairs, there’s three doors there. Mr. Tan:哦，不同材料，就是说他以前的room不需要那么高的，but它的天花板，所以他就保留原来的咯，可能后来它有再plaster 过这样，好像是cement了是吗？ Mr. Tan: Oh, different materials, last time the rooms don’t need to be too tall, but the ceiling, he wanted to keep it as its original form, so maybe later on he put plaster, or something like cement? Joyee：你有看到那个洞吗？第一间房间。。。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 174 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee: Can you see that hole? The first room. Mr. Tan:它这是连着马路的。 Mr. Tan: This is connected to the wall. Joyee：这个屋顶上面有一个洞的。 Joyee:There is also a roof on the ceiling. Mr. Tan:哦，这个是manhole啦，给人上去修理东西的 Mr. Tan: Oh, this is a manhole, for people to go up and repair things. Joyee:这个是其他家里有的吗？都是在那个位子的，还是random的？ Joyee: Do they have it in other houses? Is it at the same place, or it’s random? Mr. Tan:这个是random的，这个是给上去修一些东西啊。 Mr. Tan: That is random, it’s for the people to go up to fix stuff. Joyee:如果你在墙壁上看到这四粒洞，大概是怎样？ Joyee: If your wall has these 4 holes, what would it be like? Mr. Tan:蛤？这个啊？这个洞是什么东西啊？这个好像说它还有一些beam咯。 Mr. Tan: Huh? This? What are these holes for? It looks like it still has a few beams. Joyee:可是它到另外一个就没有joint了，就它就没有洞了，它就只有这一边有洞，另外一边没有洞 Joyee: But the other one doesn’t have a joint, so it doesn’t have a hole. This one only has a hole on one side, the other side doesn’t have a hole. Mr.Tan：这边这边大概是这样，那它另外一边改掉了咯，本来有的，本来是有timber的，但是它改成concrete的嘛。 Mr. Tan: This side is something like this, then the other side has been changed, originally it had it, it had timber, but now it’s been changed to concrete. Joyee：酱这边是airwell啦，下面那个厕所那边，通常那边是做。。。 Joyee: Then this side is the air well, the toilet is down there, normally here is for – Mr. Tan:没有，如果它那边是airwell的话，那它这里timber cross来的咯 Mr. Tan: No, if it’s an air well here, then over here it’s a timber cross. Joyee:它其实是长这样的，只是说。。。啊，它是这样，然后对面它是这样，空的，anywhere它都有四粒。 Joyee: It’s actually long like this, only saying… Ah, it’s like this, then on the opposite side it’s like this, empty, anywhere it has 4. Mr. Tan:这个又改掉了，嗯，以前弄过了，你们可以想象以前啊，这里的话，它本来这边绕过来也是timber partition，过来这边可 能就是有那个air vent，然后这边也是有百叶窗，这边以前以前这个是空的。Okay，还有叻？昨天我有交给你们jing hao老师那 个两片填data的，他有交给你们吗？蛤？不是不是，我有从就是那个roof tile的size，laten的size。。。 LIAN HUAT COMPANY 175 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Mr. Tan: This one has been changed again, last time it’s been done before, you can imagine, last time, over here, it has a timber partition around here, and then over here might be an air vent, and then over here is the fitted blinds, and this side used to be empty. Okay, anything else? Yesterday I passed Mr. Jing Hao the two filled data, did he pass them to you? Huh? No, I did it from the roof tile size, latten size – Joyee:呃，地上有新的跟旧的猪血 Joyee : The floor has new ones following the old pig’s blood. Mr. Tan:猪血？ Mr. Tan: Pig’s blood? Joyee：他讲用猪血来来铺那个地板会，它是有什么function啊？它elastic是？然后它比较耐。 Joyee: He said use the pig’s blood to spread the floor boards will – what function does it have? It’s elastic right? Then it will last longer. Mr.Tan：谁谁谁讲是铺什么？ Mr. Tan: Who said to spread what? Joyee：猪血。 Joyee: Pig’s blood. Mr. Tan:弄在什么地方？ Mr. Tan: Spread on what? Joyee:地板，在地板那边。 Joyee: The floor boards, on the floor boards. Mr. Tan:地板啊？ Mr. Tan: Floor boards? Joyee:那个木 Joyee: The timber ones. Mr. Tan:你说这个屋主跟你讲说用。。。 Mr. Tan: You’re saying the shop owner told you he uses it – Joyee：不是，他用，他讲之前的那些人是这样用猪血。。。 Joyee: No, he said last time, some of the people use the pig’s blood. Mr. Tan:油漆，我觉得油漆有用，猪血增加大的span这样啊。不过，很少啦，可能他听别人来，有可能是传说。 Mr. Tan: The paint, I think they use it in the paint. The pig’s blood increases the span or something like that. But, rarely, maybe he heard if from somewhere, or maybe it’s just a myth. LIAN HUAT COMPANY 176 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Joyee:culture。。。这是那个glass Joyee: Culture, this is that glass. Mr. Tan:嗯，这个是moulded frame，moulded glass window。。。 Mr. Tan: Yes, this is the moulded frame, the moulded glass window. Joyee: metal frame。。。 Joyee: The metal frame? Mr.Tan：不是，moulded frame，就是它是压花的，它可以是有颜色也可以是没有颜色的。不过这个颜色大致上是green哦。 Mr. Tan: No, moulded frame. The ones with embossing on them, it may or may not have colour on it. But it’s roughly green. Joyee:哦对，这里啊，就他女儿的房啦，其实它ceiling很高呃，可能是因为他们要放那个冷气在上面，所以他们把它的ceiling拿 下来，可是这一个东西是什么material？ Joyee: Oh yes, over here, in the daughter’s room, actually the ceiling is quite tall, maybe it’s because they wanted to put an air-conditioning in, so they took the ceiling down, but, what material is this thing made of? Mr. Tan:这个啊，这个是叫做石膏板 Mr. Tan: This one, it’s plasterboard. Joyee：石膏是，cement。。。哦，那个plaster啊？ Joyee: Plaster is cement, oh, it’s plaster right? Mr.Tan：啊，plaster ceiling。 Mr. Tan: Ah, it’s a plaster ceiling. Joyee:这个是Ms. Dr. Gan 要粘住的啦。 Joyee: So, Ms. Dr. Gan is the one that stuck this on. Mr. Tan:哦那个现在的屋主很热心哦。他都很愿意跟你们讲 Mr. Tan: Oh, so the current shop house owner is very friendly. He’s willing to explain all these to you. Joyee:好，谢谢！如果有问题我们会回来找你。 Joyee: Yes. If we have any more questions we will come and ask you.
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11.3 Drawings / Sketches Of The Buildings
Figure 161: Genius Loci
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 ( LEE CHAER SHEAN )
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Figure 162: Poetic Quality
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 (LUCAS WONG KOK HOE)
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Figure 163: Cultural Attributes
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 ( LINDA )
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Figure 164: Construction & Technical Details
Source: Measuring Practicum Penang Group Jan 2015 ( LEE CHAER SHEAN )
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11.4 Abstracts From Books / Newspaper / Magazines / Leaflets
Figure 165: Timber Leaflet
Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
Figure 166: Stone Leaflet
Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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Figure 167: Clay Leaflet
Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
Figure 168: Lime Leaflet
Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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Figure 169: Heritage Shop House Features & Styles Leaflet Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
Figure 170: Georgetown Special Area Plan E Book Source : Georgetown World Heritage INC.
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11.5 Glossary Untung – Owe
spoken by many overseas Chinese throughout Southeast Asia
SDBA- Street Drainage Building Act
Attap – Malay atap roof, thatch
UBBL - Uniform Building By-Laws TCPA -Town and Country Planning Act Serenta MPPP – Majlis Perbandaraan Pulan Pinang Tanah lembut – Soft soil GTGP- George Town Grant Programme Earl – a British nobleman ranking above a viscount and below a marquess Fu Zhou – the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, People’s Republic of China Setiawan – a region in the Manjung district of Perak, Malaysia Hokkien - is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects
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11.6 Photobook
A fisheye view of our selected building and its surroundings
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Located at Lebuh Carnarvon, famous for its funeral services and stationary shops
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With one end, the roads are wide and filled with traffic
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While the other is narrow and filled with road side markets
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The environment is mostly packed with low rise buildings, with the exception of Penang’s iconic Komtar tower
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The current state of the five shophouses, originally owned by the Yeoh Family back in 1881
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 191 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Currently owned by Lian Huat Company, a paper supplying and distributing service centre
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 192 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Hall 3 and natural lighting provided from Airwell 2
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 193 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Hall 2, filled with clusters of huge sheets of paper
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 194 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Airwell 1 and its narrow walkway
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 195 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Airwell 3 + Hall 4, additional paper storage space
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 196 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Room 3 filled with tools covered under dust and rust
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 197 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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The tools and tables from a previous obstetrician owner of the building still remains at the corner of this room
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 198 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Room 1 and its surreal bluish lighting due to the tinted windows introduced during the Art Deco movement
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 199 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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The terrace with the deserted kitchen and bathroom
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 200 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Arch designs are introduced during the “Early and Late Straits” Eclectic Styles adopted from Europe
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 201 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Handcraft decorations can been seen embedded at the sides
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 202 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Details are individually different and uniquely beautiful
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 203 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Tiles are specially imported from Italy, both elegant and durable with its timeless design
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 204 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Green ceramic air vents are specially handmade and are typically used for room ventilation as well as providing great aesthetic ornament pieces
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 205 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Precarious looking stairs provide access to the shop house’s upper floor
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 206 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Two distinctive balustrade designs are found, yet both are equally lightweight and durable
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 207 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Different complexity of lattie screens found above wall partitions
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 208 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Fragile yet delicated looking Jack Roof holding the building structure together as time passes
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 209 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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The interior of the building has a playful union of light and shadow
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 210 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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As some parts of the building may be well lit, where as other spaces looked dark and gloomy
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 211 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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The whole building is majority lit by natural lighting, with the use of small opeings and airwells
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 212 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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The light shines on walls, revealing objects hidden in plain sight
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 213 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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The light leaks gives a perculiar and charming touch to the rusty and dusty interiors
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 214 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Combined with human interactions, gives an overall revival and lively environment to the building
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 215 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Variety of activities can be seen in this shophouse, including the usual errands of the clerks
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 216 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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During lunch breaks, colleagues gather together and have their daily dose of gossip
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 217 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Teow Sieng Nam, the second generation and the current owner to run Lian Huat Company
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 218 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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Workers can be seen loading and carrying large sheets of papers maually
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 219 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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An operator cleaning the blades of the paper cutting machine
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 220 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
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The long serving workers do not mind the muddled working environment
LIAN HUAT COMPANY 221 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY