simple machines

Radio Program: Paaralan sa Radyo (DZVC 99.3) Topic: Quarter 3 – LAS 6-7 Format: School-on-the-Air Length: One hour Scriptwriter: Claire A. Togores LAS Writer: Glen Joy B. Abanes Objective: At the end of this radio episode, Grade 6 students will be able to identify the different types of simple machines; manipulate simple machines to describe their characteristics and uses; and explain how simple machines make works easier.(Q3:LAS 6-7) _________________________________________________________________________ BIZ: INSERT PROGRAM ID BIZ: MUSIC UP AND UNDER RADIO/ TEACHER HOST: (INTRO) RADIO/TEACHER HOST BIZ: MUSIC UP AND UNDER RADIO/ TEACHER HOST: (GENERAL REMINDERS) RADIO/ TEACHER HOST: Today, is a wonderful day to discuss new interesting lesson in Science 6 but first I want to make sure you are all geared up for this.

Make sure you are with your Learning Activity Sheets so that you can follow our step by step activity for the day. I hope everyone is having a great day. So be ready and let’s start!

BIZ: MUSIC UP AND UNDER RADIO/ TEACHER HOST: (INTRODUCES THE RESOURCE TEACHERS) This morning we are lucky to have our resource teachers, Teacher Claire from Dygico Elementary School and Teacher Dahlia of Bulala Elementary School. They will be joining us for this one- hour exciting Science journey. If you have questions, comments and clarifications regarding the topic and lesson feel free to post it in the comment section of our fb live or simply text our hotline at ___________________.

So now, Teacher Dahlia and Teacher Claire the mic is all yours.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1:(STATES THE OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON) Hello everyone! I am Teacher Claire. Today, you will learn to identify the different types of simple machines; manipulate simple machines to describe their characteristics and uses; and explain how simple machines make works easier. Am I right, Teacher Dahlia?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Yes, Teacher Claire. And since you mentioned earlier that the pupils are going to manipulate simple machines so that you can be able to describe their characteristics and uses you have to prepare and have these things with you. For the first activity, you need a pencil, an adhesive tape, a fist -size flat stone and a hard ruler or a one-foot stick.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: For our second activity, you need 2 wooden planks or a 1|Page

plywood/or any flat and hard material which has a length of 1 foot and 2 feet and has a width of at least 4 inches. Stacks of books/objects that can provide an elevation of at least 7 inches, 1 small plastic bag/ice bag, 1 rubber band and a ruler RESOURCE TEACHER 2: And for the last activity, the materials that you have to prepare are 1-piece wooden plank (at least 1-inch thick and 10 inches in length), 1-piece nail(1 to 4 inches), 1-piece bolt(about the circumference of your pinky finger or bigger), a hammer and an eye protection or face shield.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: That’s all so I am giving you a minute to prepare those materials. Go ahead and have fun!

RADIO/ TEACHER HOST: Okay, children you are given the time to prepare you materials. We will be right after this INFOMERCIAL ***********************************(INFOMERCIAL)************************************ RADIO/ TEACHER HOST: And were back on Paaralan sa Radyo, let us have once again our Resource Teachers Teacher Dahlia and Teacher Claire.

(ASKS A QUESTION/MOTIVE QUESTION) RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Teacher Dahlia, have you ever dreamt of becoming a super human who can lift heavy objects with ease, move very fast and cut metals, wood and other materials easily?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Yes, of course Teacher Claire. but you know what? You do not need to be very strong and fast to be able to do that. Humans have discovered and invented simple machines which make works easier and faster.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: (Adds info) You’re right! Simple Machines are considered to be building blocks of machines. It help the people make their work easier. It helps you do work by changing the amount or direction of the force you apply.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: (ANSWERS THE QUESTION/ADDS INFO) Simple machines are useful because they reduce effort or extend the ability of people to perform tasks beyond their normal capabilities.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: (DISCUSSES THE LESSON) The 1st machines are often called “the 6 simple machines” LET'S FIND OUT WHAT THESE MACHINES ARE! :-) Resource Teacher 2: Children, the first type of simple machine is the lever . Lever is a rigid bar that is free to turn about a fixed point called the fulcrum.

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lever has three (3) parts: 1. Resistance Force, Input Force or Load or What you are trying to move or lift.

2. Effort Force or Output Force or the work done on the Lever.

3. Fulcrum or a fixed pivot point.

Do you know some examples of lever Teacher Claire?

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: (ANSWERS QUESTIONS/ CONTINUES DISCUSSION) Yes, Teacher Dahlia! Examples of lever are  A hammer is a lever when it is used to pull a nail out of a piece of wood.  Bottle openers and Crow bars What’s the second type of simple machine?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: (ADDS INFO/ ASKS QUESTION) The next type of simple machine is the pulley. This simple machine is made up of a wheel and a rope. The rope fits on the groove of the wheel. One part of the rope is attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the pulley, the wheel turns and the load will move.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: (ANSWERS QUESTIONS/ CONTINUES DISCUSSION) Pulleys let you move loads up, down, or sideways. Pulleys are good for moving objects to hard to reach places. It also makes the work of moving heavy loads a lot easier. Pulleys can be used in flag poles, clothes lines, sailboat, blinds and crane.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: The third type of simple machine is wheel and axle.

You have probably seen a wheel and axle on a car. The axle turns when you put force on the wheel. The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel.

This lets the wheel turn. It is easy to move things from place to place with wheels and axles.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Examples of Wheels and Axles are Cars, Roller Skates, Wagons, Door Knobs, Gears in Watches, Clocks, and Bicycle.

The fourth type of simple machine is wedge. A wedge is a simple machine used to push two objects apart. It is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet and form a sharp edge. This edge can split things apart. What are its examples Teacher Dahlia?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: (ANSWERS QUESTIONS) Examples of wedge are knives, axes, forks and nails. The fifth type of simple machine is the inclined plane .An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end. You can use this machine to move an object to a lower or higher place.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier.

You would need less energy and force to move objects with an inclined plane. Examples of Inclined Planes are ramp, slanted road, path up a hill and slide. And what is the last one Teacher Dahlia???

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Teacher Claire the last one is a simple machine that is made from another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds around itself and that is pertaining to a screw. A screw has ridges and is not smooth like a nail. Some screws are used to lower and raise things. They are also used to hold objects together. Examples of screw are jar lids, light bulbs, stools,clamps, jacks, wrenches, key rings and spiral 3|Page

staircase.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Now that you know more about the different types of simple machines, get your notebook and pen, turn your Learning Activity Sheets to page 3 and answer the activity.

Children this is what you are going to do. Read and understand each statement and write Yes if it is correct, and NO if it is incorrect. Are you ready? Let’s begin.

1. Simple machines can make works easier or faster. (Repeat the statement then ask “Is it a YES or NO?” 2. In a simple machine, the input force is greater than output force.

(Repeat the statement then ask “Is it a YES or NO?” 3. It is easier to move heavy objects on a short and very steep inclined than longer one. (Repeat the statement then ask “Is it a YES or NO?” 4. When the weight of an object/load is far from the Fulcrum it will be easier to lift or move. (Repeat the statement then ask “Is it a YES or NO?” 5. Lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, pulley, and wheel and axle are the types of simple machines. (Repeat the statement then ask “Is it a YES or NO?” RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Now pupils let’s find out if your answer to the activity is correct. For the first statement “Simple machines can make works easier or faster.” The answer is YES, because machines help you do work in many ways. It can transfer force from one place to another .

It can increase the amount of force you apply to a certain task.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: For the second statement “In a simple machine, the input force is greater than output force” may I hear your answer my dear Grade 6 pupils? What’s your answer?

Yes, absolutely, the answer is a “NO” because when we talk of the input force that is the force you apply on the machine and the output force is the force exerted by the machine on the load that needs to be moved. One more thing that we have to remember is that Simple machines make our work easier and faster, hence, the machine is the one who exerts greater force which is what we call output force.

How about for the statement 3 Teacher Dahlia?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: For the third statement “It is easier to move heavy objects on a short and very steep inclined plane than longer one.” What’s your answer kids? Yes, you’re right, it is a “NO” again because on a steeper ramp more force is needed.

How about for the fourth statement?

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Yes, for the fourth statement which is “When the weight of an object/load is far from the Fulcrum it will be easier to lift or move.”The answer is a “ NO” again. Why kids? Because in any lever, the effort is less whenever its distance from the fulcrum is increased, and the 4|Page

distance of the load from the fulcrum, is decreased. By pushing farthest away from the fulcrum, less effort is needed to lift the load. The effort needed is further reduced if the load is placed nearer to the fulcrum .

RESOURCE TEACHER 2. And for the last statement which is “ Lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, pulley, and wheel and axle are the types of simple machines.” What’s your answer kids? Is it a YES or No? This is very easy…. Okay, very good kids, your answer is YES and your right… As we have mentioned earlier that the simple machines are the lever, inclined plane, screw, pulley, wedge and wheel and axle.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Very goods kids! I think almost all of you the perfect score on our first activity. Do you want some more? Let’s have a guessing game. This activity is entitled “What am I?” I am going to give you a clue then you are going to identify the type of simple machines. I am going to give you 5 seconds to guess. I know all of you are excited so listen attentively and let’s start.

1. You can usually find me during flag ceremonies, I help the flag reach the top of the pole. What am I? RESOURCE TEACHER 2: So kids, let’s try to compare your answer with mine. My answer is “ Pulley.” Am I correct Teacher Claire?

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Great! I am a pulley and you can usually find me on top of the flag pole. It is easier for me to pull down and push up because of the movable rope that supports me.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Now Teacher Claire, for the second type of simple machine that you’re going to guess this is the clue.

I help Mr. Porter put the box to the truck. What am I? (repeat the clue) Your 5 seconds starts now.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: I guess that is an inclined plane, Teacher Dahlia. How about you kids? What’s your guess?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: You’re right. I am an inclined plane and you can always use me as a guide to transfer heavy things inside a truck.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: This activity is very exciting. Lets have more.

Hey-o-hey-o, said the dwarf as he lift me to whack that rock into two.

What am I? (repeat the clue) 5-4-3-2-1. What’s your answer?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2:Fantastic! I am a wedge and you can always use me to cut materials apart because I usually have slanting side ending in a sharp edge.

Yes, for the next clue…Are you ready kids? I am Mr. See-saw. What am I? RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Yes, you’re right. I am a lever and I can be a seesaw for you and your playmate.

“I need you,” said Mr. Hinge, “the Door and I can't connect.” What am I? 5|Page

RESOURCE TEACHER 2. I am a hinge. A hinge is a kind of screw that you can see between the side of the door and the wall attaching it. It is the one that makes the door open properly.

Here is the next clue. “The cyclist is looking for me, his bike won't move without me. What am I? RESOURCE TEACHER 1: What’s your guess kids? Very good. I am a wheel and an axle. A bike is an excellent example of it, because of the wheel that makes it to move and a screw to secure it. CONGRATULATIONS! You have successfully identified the different kinds of simple machines. You might think of it as “simple” yet it has many uses, and those are the special meanings in physics. When a force moves an object, that is what we now call “work.” What are we going to do next Teacher Dahlia?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: To better gain more understanding on how simple machines work and how it make our work easier and faster, let’s perform the series of activities. Put out all the materials you have prepared earlier. And follow the instructions that I am going to say or just simply turn your Learning Activity Sheets on page 5. Our first activity is entiltled “Lift with Ease.”

1. Gather the materials needed such as a pencil, an adhesive tape, 1-fist size flat stone and 1 hard ruler/stick (1 foot) RESOURCE TEACHER 1: 2. Tape a pencil lying down on your table top. (This will be the fulcrum for your lever).

3. Position the 6 – inch mark of the ruler / middle portion of the stick, on top of the pencil.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: 4. Put the stone at one end of the ruler.

5. Lift the stone by pressing your finger on points at the other end of the ruler.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: 6. Repeat the number 5 procedure, but this time by pressing the ruler closer and closer to the position of the fulcrum (pencil).

7. Move the stone closer and closer to the fulcrum while pressing the higher end of the ruler with your finger every time you change the position of the stone.

8. Complete the table by writing check mark ().

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Let us now try to share observations and answer the questions in the activity.

1. When the input force is far from the fulcrum. Is it Easy to lift or Difficult to lift?

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Yes, it is easy to lift.

2. When the Input Force is near the Fulcrum . Is it Easy to lift or Difficult to lift?

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Yes, it is Difficult to lift.

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3. When the Load is/stone is far from the fulcrum.

Yes, it is Difficult to lift.

4. When the load/stone is near the Fulcrum. Is it Easy to lift or Difficult to lift?

Yes it is easy to lift.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: What type of simple machine was used in the activity we conducted?

You’re right. We used lever in the previous activity.

2. Where should be the position of the fulcrum in relation to the input force and the load to make work easier?

To make work easier, the fulcrum should be far from the input force and near the load.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: 3. How does lever make our work easier and faster?

Lever can multiply the input force converting it to greater output force making work easier and faster.

4 . What are other activities that we do which use lever?

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Hammering nail, picking foods using tongs, mixing sand and cement using shovel and catching fish using fishing rod are some examples of activities wherein we use lever.

Well-done kids!

Since we are already through with the first activity, we can now proceed to the second activity named “You Moved Me.” You can now 1. Get your materials such as : • 2 wooden planks (plywood/or any flat and hard materials) with a Length of 1 foot and 2 feet and a Width of at least 4 inches • stacks of books/objects that can provide an elevation of at least 7 inches.

• 1 small plastic bag/ice bag • 1 rubber band • ruler RESOURCE TEACHER 2: 2. Put a fist-size stone inside a plastic bag/ice bag, then secure it with single loop of rubber band. (the loose end of rubber band will serve as the handle).

3. Lift the stone from the table by inserting your finger in the looped-rubber band. Measure the length of stretch using a ruler. (It will serve as your reference on the amount of force needed in moving the stone.

4. Stack some books with a height of 5 inches on the top of the table.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: 5. Place the 1-foot wood plank at an angle that its one end is on the table while the other is at the top of the books.

6. Pull the stone along the wooden plank, measure the stretch on the rubber band.

7.Replace the short plank with long one, then repeat procedure .

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Now let us try to answer the guide questions? Are you ready 7|Page

kids?

1. What type of simple machine was used in this activity?

The type of simple machine used in the activity is inclined plane.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: 3. What happens to the amount of force when we lift the stone from the table to pulling it along a short plank and long plank of wood? Why? The input force needed in lifting the stone is greater than pulling it along a short and long inclined plane. Pulling the stone along the long plank of wood requires even less force than short plank and from lifting it, because the inclined planes help to carry the weight of the stone.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: 3. What is the difference between the steepness of short and long planks?

Longer inclined plane is less steep than short inclined plane.

4. What are the characteristics of this simple machine that can make works easier?

Longer and less steep or lower angle inclined plane.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: 5. Identify at least 3 activities or structures that uses this type of simple machine.

Some Walking up and down a ramp/stair, going down the emergency slides of an airplane, travelling up and down an arch-bridge are some examples of activities wherein we used inclined planes.

INFOMERCIAL RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Our next activity is entitled “Drive Through” Materials: • 1-piece wooden plank (at least 1-inch thick and 10 inches in length).

• 1-piece nail (1 to 4 inches) • 1-piece bolt (about the circumference of your pinky finger or bigger) • hammer • eye protection/face shield Reminder: Be careful in handling sharp and heavy objects, ask for assistance if needed.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Here are the procedures that you should follow.

Procedures: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Gather the materials needed.

Observe the tip of nail and bolt.

Using the hammer, carefully drive the nail into the wooden plank.

Observe what happen.

Repeat procedure 2 and 3, this time with the use of big metal bolt.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Here are the guide questions that we are going to answer: 1. What is the difference between the tip of a nail and bolt?

The nail has a pointed tip while the bolt has flat or blunt tip.

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2. Having observed the characteristic of nail, what type of simple machine is it?

Nail belongs to wedge.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: 3. Between nail and bolt, which is easier to be driven on a wooden plank?

Why? Nail is easier to be driven because of its pointed tip that can penetrate and push wood fibers sideways.

4. Complete the table below.

Examples of Wedge 1.pins 2. knife 3. cutter

Particular use/s For sewing For chopping For cutting

5. How do the objects you listed in the table make works easier?

Their pointed tip or sharp edge can easily pierce/cut through objects.

RADIO HOST/ANCHOR: RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Activity 5: Fast and Easy Directions: Explain how simple machines shown in the pictures below can make each work easier/faster.

1. In the first picture, we can see a man, trying to push or move a big rock using a lever.

The fulcrum is near the big rock while it is far from the point of effort.

2. In the second picture, the man is slicing the vegetable. The sharp edge of the knife easily cuts/slices the vegetable.

3. The man is using a wheelbarrow loaded with sand and the wheels of the wheelbarrow just rolls over the long and less steep ramp.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Ok, we are done with all the activities. I believed that you have learned more about the different types of simple machines and how these make our work easier and faster.

So now let us have a short recap on the gist of our lesson. Kids please keep in mind these concepts.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Making works easier is the common purpose of using simple machines. They can do this by converting a less input force/applied force on the machines to a greater output force/force released from the machines.

There are six types of simple machines; the lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, wheel and axle, and pulley.

Lever is a straight of curve bar that is free to turn about in a fixed point called fulcrum. Lesser input force is needed when the point of effort is far from the fulcrum as well as when distance of the load is near the fulcrum. Seesaw, hammer, tongs, pliers, tweezers, bottle opener and fishing rod are the common examples of lever.

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RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Inclined Plane is made up of tilted plane like ramp and stairs that makes moving things to higher place a lot easier. Lesser force is needed when the ramp has smaller angle or less steep.

Wedge is one or two inclined planes that meet each other to form a sharp or pointed edge. It is good for cutting and piercing. Knives, axes, nails, pins are some common examples. The narrower angle between the inclines in a bladed wedge the greater force it can exert.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: Screw is actually a spiral inclined plane wrapped around a post. Its spiral inclined can create ridges that is called threads. Container with lid, light bulb, drill bit and other common household materials with threads are its examples.

Wheel and Axle – is a machine with small disk or shaft called axle that is attached to a wheel or crank. This simple machine can change the direction of the force. Its examples are: doorknob, crank-pencil sharpener and potter’s wheel.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: Pulley – is a grooved wheel that turns around an axle which is held in place by a mounting bracket. A rope or wire moves along the wheel’s circumference. It is used for object to move forward or going up. We can see pulley at the top of a flag pole, construction crane, zip line and tramline.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: (EVALUATES LEARNING/ASKS QUESTIONS) Let us find out how much have you learned from today’s lesson.

You are going to identify the type of simple machine that can be used in the activities that I am going to mention. You are going to select from the choices. Are you ready kids?

1. People on a wheelchair needs this to access an elevated floor./What is it? Is it a ramp? / stairs/ a chisel or crowbar Correct, that is a ramp.

RESOURCE TEACHER 1: 2. Mother is looking for this simple machine to easily remove the chicken from hot oil.

Yes, we are talking of tongs.

3. People of Paete, Laguna are famous for woodcarving, they use this tool for making sculptures.

Great, chisel is the tool we use when we make sculptures.

RESOURCE TEACHER 2: 4. Gail loves to eat nutritious foods, she needs this simple machine to chop fresh vegetables for her salad.

Yes, a knife is a tool we use to chop fresh vegetables when we prepare vegetable salad.

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5. Pupils in TLE class were asked by their teacher to remove big nails attached on a wood, so they need this carpentry tool to do it.

Crowbar is a carpentry tool we use when we remove big nails attached on a wood.

RADIO/TEACHER HOST: (REFLECTION TIME) Reflection Time! In your notebook, write your learnings for today and the challenges you have encountered. If there are concerns or questions in your mind that are not yet cleared or answered, feel free to send us a message. And we will try to answer them together. (PAUSE… Read questions. Answers those with the RT 1 and RT 2) BIZ: MUSIC UP AND UNDER RADIO/TEACHER HOST: Another episode of the Paaralan Sa Radyo had just ended again. We hope that you have learned a lot about. Your teachers are also always anticipating for your chats or text messages to be addressed if you still have questions about the lesson. Once again, this is Teacher ______________of Paaralan sa Radyo-DepEd Camarines Norte, sharing you hope and love. Continue learning. Continue dreaming. And just believe.

BIZ: MUSIC UP AND OUT -E-N-D-

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