Juvenile Correctional Center Reform Architecture in India

Design Thesis 2013 JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER

Chaitanya Korra 09011AA058

School of planning & Architecture JNAFAU School of Planning & Architecture Mahaveer Marg, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-028

JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER “An architecture of contradiction, where young people prepare for life “on the outside,” while being kept within”

I

Dedication

This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Madhuri and Suresh. Your support and Encouragement mean the world to me.

I would also like to dedicate this thesis to those people working in the Juvenile Justice System who, through their compassion and dedication, work to salvage lives and create the most out of a tough situation.

II

Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to offer an extra special thanks to my mother and father and my sister for shaping me into the man I am and for showering me with emotional and financial support throughout this project, as you have done all my life.

To my Thesis Guide, Ar. Ramamohan Rao Nori sir: you envisioned this project before I could see it, pushed me in ways I would not have pushed myself, and your passion for quality, interpretive research fueled this work. To Sachin Tendulkar: you lifted my spirit and gave me confidence in my dreams. To Sankeertana: your honest and committed input kept me from falling off the edge just when I was about to stumble. To Late Mrs.Murabi teacher, who taught me how to read and write: without you, I would have gotten lost. To Ar.C.H.Srinivas sir: thank you for keeping my creativity well exercised so that my mind stayed flexible enough to complete this work. To Harika, Shalini, Rachana, Hima Bindu, Ashish : words cannot express my gratitude for who you are and what you do. To V.V.Lakshmi Narayana, IPS: you represent the best in your field; thank you for keeping me sane. To Ankitha Reddy: thank you for selflessly providing me the required info whenever I want. To my juniors Lavanya Vaishnavi, Mahender:I am grateful and impressed by your help for my thesis. To all of my former classmates at St. Joseph School: you are my inspiration. To Ar.Ranjith, who gave me a new life with his encouragement.

Thank you.

III

INDEX

1. Synopsis

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1

2. Literature

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6

3. Data collection

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24

4. Desktop Studies

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40

5. Case studies

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52

6. Design Programme

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64

7. Site analysis

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66-72

SYNOPSIS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1Juvenile Delinquency: Juvenile Delinquency’ refers to a large variety of disapproved behaviour of children and adolescents which society does not approve of and for what some admonishment; punishment or corrective measure is justified in the public interest.

The perception that juvenile delinquency is a creeping social menace is sharpened because the crimes with which the youths are most often associated are those of wanton violence and destruction where the motive is often difficult to discover.

The term expresses a very extensive meaning, covering hostile and rebellious behaviour of children and their malignant attitude towards society. Certain other acts as such begging, truancy, vagrancy, obscenity, loitering, pilfering, drinking, gambling etc. Which vicious persons very often commit is also included within the meaning of the term.

It may therefore, be inferred that a juvenile delinquent is an adolescent between childhood and manhood or womanhood as the case may be who indulge in some kind of anti - social behaviour, which if not checked in time may grow into a potential offender.

1.2: MAJOR CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY:  Temptation for modern luxuries of life lures young people to resort to wrongful means in order to satisfy their wants cumulatively lead to an enormous increase in juvenile delinquency in urban areas.

 Disintegrated family system and laxity in parental control over children is also another reason for it.

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SYNOPSIS  Increase in divorce cases and matrimonial disputes. Undue discrimination amongst children or step-motherly treatment also makes adverse psychological effect on youngsters.  Certain biological factors are also responsible for creating delinquent behaviour amongst juveniles. Early psychological maturity and low intelligence carry a major problem; especially to the young Indian girls.  Migration of deserted and destitute boys to slums brings them closely in contact with anti-social elements caring on prostitution, smuggling of liquor or narcotic drugs and bootlegging.  In a country like India poverty is one of the potential causes behind juvenile delinquency. Parent’s failure in providing basic necessities of life such as food and clothing drive to their children to earn money by easier means, no matter what the way is that they will have to choose.  Apart from these all illiteracy, child labour, squalor etc. are other contributing factors aggravating juvenile delinquency

1.3 CLASSIFICATION:  Observation homes: For the temporary reception of any juvenile in conflict with law during the pendency of any inquiry regarding them under this Act.  Special homes: For reception and rehabilitation of juvenile in conflict with law  The Observation Homes or Special Homes shall set up separate residential facilities for juvenile up to 12 years, 13-15 years and 16 years and above.

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SYNOPSIS 1.4: AIM:  Reducing mental pressure in Juvenile Center through architecture.  The goal of the center is to care, teach, and discipline children and

adolescences while providing them with a safe space for them to make constructive changes in their lives by providing proper basic Needs and Security, Educational, vocational and Health and Medical facilities.

1.5: OBJECTIVES:  Provide all the necessary requirements for detainees in the center. Offer proper housing and shelter spaces to ensure the safety of the juveniles and the staff.  Provide food and clothing services. Provide proper health and medical care services.  Provide learning and career transition services for the detainees to ensure they are offered the maximum encouragement to develop themselves and continue their education.  Provide proper physical and emotional care. Psychological counseling and following-up for the juveniles is necessary to eliminate concerns of each detainee and ensure progress.  Provide a fitness center to encourage physical health.

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SYNOPSIS 1.6: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE JUVENILES IN FACILITIES DESIGN: There has to be scope for physical and mental growth of prisoners leading to their integration with responsible citizens. Prisons have a complex structure and they must be designed after several factors such as •

Secure accommodation

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Segregation of various categories of inmates

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Sanitation and hygiene

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Daily routines of inmates

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Opportunity for exercise and physical activity

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Medical services

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Education and religion

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Social behavior and factors influencing it.

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SYNOPSIS 1.7: METHODOLOGY:

Topic Literature Data

Case Study

Comparative Analysis

Design Progress

Site Selection

Site Analysis

Conceptual Design

Preliminary Design

Final Design

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2. LITERATURE 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW – APPROACH

“Youth offending has been and still is a social problem across many countries; it is a problem that affects and shapes the very fabric of society. The problem with the youth in modern society is both a national concern and an important subject for academic study.”

Since the conception of young people’s deviant behaviour as a social problem, efforts have been made to put measures in place to reduce young offending through research and community prevention programs, which seem to be very unsuccessful. Consequently, young offending exists in alarming rates, and offenders end up in correctional facilities which are problematic institutions and inhumane environments as will be discussed in due course. The creation of Juvenile Detention Centers was aimed at rehabilitation and protection of young offenders from adult offenders’ influence. However noble these intentions were, it has become worrying that these centers in India are dehumanizing and not conducive for rehabilitation. This thesis interrogates Juvenile Correctional Centre’s as an architectural typology, and explores their panoptic design philosophy and its effects. It investigates the architectural and spatial qualities that can facilitate the rehabilitation of young offenders. Furthermore, it explores the concept of community integration through the introduction of youth rehabilitation centers within communities and creation of spaces that allow communities to participate in rehabilitative activities for young offenders. This thesis culminates in the proposal a ‘Juvenile Detention Home’, a new architectural typology for the rehabilitation of young offenders that becomes a platform for community participation and integration in India.

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2. LITERATURE 2.2 AIM •

The basic aim is to provide better living conditions, opportunities and

security

for Juveniles via having a build environment which help them to motivate and develop their rudimentary skills and personality.

2.3 OBJECTIVES •

To create and design user-friendly environment by providing equal opportunities of access, enjoyment and motivation.

•

To address architecturally the various behavioral psyche of Juveniles of different age group.

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To create accessible design for Juveniles.

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To provide comfortable spaces and environment for Juveniles as well as working staff.

2.4 SCOPE The scope of the project is very wide as if takes into consideration all necessary facilities and latest provisions in the field of rehabilitation of Juveniles Rehabilitation will include: •

Administration and faculty

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Juvenile court hall

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Special education

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vocational training

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Services and programming

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Juvenile Housing

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•

Health and Medical services

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Library

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Computer Lab

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Dining facility

2. LITERATURE

2.5 LIMITATIONS •

The proposed design requirements are limited to following:

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Administration and faculty

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Special education department

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Prevocational training center

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Services and programming block

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Juvenile Housing

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Medical services

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Dining Hall

2.6 JUVENILE DELIQUENCY •

Crime is defined legally as violation of the law. Children in conflict with law are boys and girls below eighteen years of age, alleged to have committed offences and have been taken into custody by the police under the purview of the juvenile justice system.

•

Children are vulnerable to abusive negative circumstances are influenced often by adults to engaged in crime.

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They too need sensitive and protective measures for suitable rehabilitation and they are also children for which children get convicted who need care and protection.

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Some of the offences could be:

2. LITERATURE

1. Burglary, stealing and petty thefts 2. Murder 3. rape/molestation & sexual abuse 4. Causing grievous hurt or injury to another 5. Other minor offences

Some of the factors that lead to juvenile crime are: •

Poverty: poverty deprives children of socio-cultural and economic opportunities for growth and development. Poverty related circumstances like severe hunger, illness, addictions, parental neglect, aggravate the situation. Such children are at greater risk than others of being induced into crime.

•

Family: criminal acts of family members influence children and sometimes they themselves induct children into offences.

•

Lack of appropriate guidance and discipline : inconsistent discipline, parental indifference , abusive parenting can lead to poor self image and personality problems, making children vulnerable to negative influences outside the home.

•

Home situation : Disintegration of the “families at risk”, severe family crisis, system, migration, and urbanization has all weakened the positive and nurturing influence of family on the child. Tension and emotional disturbances and abuse at home may drive the child away from the home and become vulnerable to criminal influences.

•

Victims of abuse: research indicates a correlation between child abuse and subsequent delinquency.

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School dropouts: not attending school regularly in truancy, indulging in unhealthy leisure activities and committing petty crimes to earn a living.

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Exposure to media: exposure to media violence not only increases physical aggressiveness in children but also makes them more accepting of violence.

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•

2. LITERATURE

Peer influence: in adolescence, experimenting with drugs , gambling , drinking , inappropriate sexual behavior ,desire for quick money, getting involved in youth gangs often lead to violence of crime.

•

Lack of age appropriate sex education: this often leads to sexual abuse and molestation and even rape by young children.

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Gang culture: observed especially among children where the street gang is the substitute family and the child gets bullied into the anti-social activities of the gang in return for survival, protection or favor.

2.7 JUVENILE CRIME RATE IN INDIA •

The society in India has been facing an increase in problems regarding youth groups and individuals that are committing crimes and misbehaviour actions that are mainly unsolved and ignored.

•

In such a community with a limitation on resources for youth, it is necessary to recognize the importance of a “Juvenile Detention Center” in order to solve problems in the society properly and hope for a better future for the youth and general public.

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In 2011, the Juvenile crimes in India were 25,125., and 1.7 mn Juveniles accused of crimes.

•

Following this statistic, 64% of the Juveniles crimes were committed by those in the 16-18 age group.

•

Keeping this mind, it is important to acknowledge that crime rate in India has been increasing due to many factors that are affecting the modern life.

•

Relating the crime rate numbers to the juvenile offenders, it is observed that the problems of troubled youth has been steadily increasing, and there are no proper discipline programs that are developed to keep them away from committing more crime.

•

Therefore, the essentiality of developing a proper program for the young offenders is necessary to give them a change for rehabilitation and hopefully

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2. LITERATURE

guarantee character improvement and enhance their skills and abilities to be better suited and released back into the community.

2.8 JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT 2.8.1 INTRODUCTION o The Juvenile Justice Act (JJA) was enacted by Government of India in 1986. o The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 is the primary legal framework for juvenile justice in India. o Further amended in 2006 [Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006] o The juvenile justice (care and protection of children) act, 2000 is an Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to 

juveniles in conflict with law, and



children in need of care and protection,

o by providing for proper care, protection and treatment , by adopting a childfriendly

approach in the disposition of

matters in the best interest of

children , and for their ultimate rehabilitation through various institutions established under this enactment. o The Act defines “juvenile” or “child” as a person who has not completed eighteenth year of age. [Sec 2(k) of JJA 2000]

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2. LITERATURE

o A child below 7 years of age cannot be prosecuted and will not have to enter the juvenile justice system as a juvenile in conflict with law but can fall within the definition of child in need of care and protection, under juvenile justice system .

2.8.2 JUVENILE IN CONFLICT WITH LAW (JCL) •

Juvenile who is alleged to have committed an offence and has not completed eighteenth year of age as on the date of commission of such offence. (Section 2(l) of JJA Amendment Act 2006).

2.8.3 JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARDS •

JCL cases can only be heard in the juvenile justice board (JJB) and not by another court.

•

JJBs must contain a Metropolitan or Judicial magistrate and two social workers of whom at least one shall be a woman.

•

In the event of any difference of opinion among the members of the Board in the interim or final disposition, the opinion of the majority shall prevail, but where there is no such majority, the opinion of the principal Magistrate, shall prevail.

2.8.4 OBSERVATION HOMES •

For the temporary reception of any juvenile in conflict with law during the pendency of any inquiry regarding them under this Act.

•

Set up in every district or a group of districts.

•

Established and maintained by the State government either by itself or under an agreement with voluntary organizations.

2.8.5 SPECIAL HOMES •

For reception and rehabilitation of juvenile in conflict with law

•

Set up in every district or a group of districts.

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•

2. LITERATURE

Established and maintained by the State government either by itself or under an agreement with voluntary organizations.

2.8.6 APPREHENSION OF JUVENILE IN CONFLICT WITH LAW •

As soon as a juvenile in conflict with law is apprehended by police, he shall be placed under the charge of the special juvenile police unit (SJPU) or the designated police officer

•

The juvenile shall be produced before the Board within a period of 24 hours of his apprehension.

2.8.7 BAIL OF JUVENILE •

Bail is available to juveniles in all cases as long as the JJB find the release of this child will not place him in any danger or in the influence of criminals.

•

If the child is not released on bail he is only to be placed into the custody of an Observation Home or a place of safety for such period during the pendency of the inquiry.

2.8.8 ORDERS THAT MAY BE PASSED If the Juvenile has committed the offence, the Board may •

Allow the juvenile to go home after advice or admonition; counseling to the parent or the guardian and the juvenile

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Direct the juvenile to participate in group counseling and similar activities.

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Order the juvenile to perform community service.

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Order the parent of the juvenile or the juvenile himself to pay a fine, if he/she over fourteen and earns money.

•

Direct the juvenile to be released on probation of good conduct and placed under the care of any parent, guardian or other fit person executing a bond for good behavior & well being of juvenile for a period not exceed 3 years.

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•

2. LITERATURE

Direct the juvenile to be released on probation of good conduct and placed under the care of any fit institution for a period not exceeding 3 years.

•

Make an order directing the juvenile to be sent to a special home for a period of 3 years or less.

•

The JJB on orders received from the State Government may order a juvenile (16 18 years) to be kept under protective custody if offense of a very serious nature is committed and the juvenile’s conduct and behavior is such that the measures provided under this Act is not suitable or sufficient.

2.8.9 ORDERS THAT MAY NOT BE PASSED •

No juvenile in conflict with law shall be sentenced to death or imprisonment for any term which may extend to imprisonment for life

•

A juvenile can not be committed to prison for inability to pay a fine or for not furnishing security.

2.8.10 EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN FOR A CRIME i.

This act also has provisions to penalize people who exploit children for a crime.

ii.

Employment of juvenile or Child for begging -imprisonment for a term that may extend to 3 years and shall also be liable to fine.

iii.

Cruelty to juvenile or child-Imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or fine or with both.

iv.

Provides a child with drugs or alcohol – Imprisonment for a term which may extend to 3 years and shall also be liable to fine.

v.

Exploitation of juvenile or child employee: Imprisonment for a term which may extend to 3 years and shall also be liable to fine.

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2. LITERATURE

2.8.11 CHILDREN IN NEED OF CARE AND PROTECTION (CNCP) •

CNCP cases are heard by the Child Welfare Committee (CWC).

•

The committee has a chairperson and four other members of whom at least one should be a woman and at least one expert in children's issues.

•

The purpose of the CWC is to provide for the care, treatment, protection, rehabilitation and development of the child

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The committee may commit a child to the Children's home or a Shelter home if the child has no immediately available family or support system.

2.8.12 CHILDREN'S HOMES OR SHELTER HOMES •

Set up in ever district or a group of districts.

•

Established and maintained by the State government either by itself or under an agreement with voluntary organizations.

•

Children Home: For the reception of child in need of care and protection for their care, treatment, education, training, development and rehabilitation.

•

Shelter homes function as drop in centers for children in need of urgent support.

•

Restoration of and protection to a child is the prime objective of any children’s home or shelter homes.

2.8.13 REHABILITATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION This section discusses certain non-institutional solutions such as (i) adoption, (ii) foster care, (iii) sponsorship, and (iv) sending child to an after care organization.

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2. LITERATURE

i.

Orphaned and abandoned children are eligible for adoption.

ii.

Foster care is used for temporary placement of children who are to be given for adoption.

iii.

Sponsorship programmes provide supplementary support to families, to children’s homes and to special homes to meet educational, nutritional, medical and other needs of the children.

iv.

After-care organizations are set up to take care of children or juveniles after they leave special homes or children homes.

2.9 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND STANDARD OF CARE & FACILITIES 2.9.1 Physical Infrastructure: •

The Observation Homes and Special Homes shall be child-friendly and it should not look like a jail or lock-up.

•

The Observation Homes or Special Homes shall set up separate residential facilities for juvenile up to 12 years, 13-15 years and 16 years and above.

•

The institutions shall have sufficient space for every juvenile and shall include a minimum of following facilities:

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Dormitory: 40 Sq.ft. per juvenile.

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Classroom: 300 Sq. for 25 juvenile.

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Workshop: 75 Sq. ft. per juvenile.

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Play ground: Sufficient play ground area according to the total number of juveniles in the institution.

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Adequate lighting, ventilation, heating and cooling arrangements, safe drinking water and clean toilets shall be provided.

•

First aid kit, fire extinguishers in kitchen, dormitories, store rooms, counselling room, periodic review of electrical installations, proper storage and inspection of articles of

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2. LITERATURE

food stuffs, stand-by arrangements for water storage and emergency lighting shall be provided.

2.9.2 Standard of care & facilities Every institution shall have basic facilities including the following: •

Sufficient treated drinking water;

•

Sufficient water for bathing, washing clothes, maintenance and cleanliness of the premises;

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Proper drainage system and arrangements for disposal of garbage;

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Protection from mosquitoes by providing mosquito nets; annual pest control;

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Sufficient number of toilets (at least one toilet for seven children);

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Sufficient number of bathrooms in the (at least one bath room for ten children).

2.9.3. Clothing and Bedding : Clothing and bedding shall be as per the climatic conditions, more specifically as laid down in Schedule including the following: •

Skirts & blouse or salwar kammez or sari for girls and under garments 5-6 sets per year;

•

Shirts & pants or shorts for boys and under garments 4-5 sets per year;

•

Woollen garments; Mattresses, bed sheets, pillow, quilt, towels etc. Slippers and shoes; School bags and stationary.

2.9.4 Meals and Diet •

The Institution shall provide four meals to the Children after preparing the menu with the help of nutritional experts or doctor, ensuring a balanced diet and variety in taste along with adherence of minimum nutritional standards.

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2.9.5. Medical and Mental Health Care

2. LITERATURE

2.9.5 (a): Medical Record •

The Institution shall maintain a medical record of each juvenile including height, weight, sickness and treatment and other physical and mental problems.

2. 9.5(b): Monthly Medical Check-Up •

There shall be monthly medical check up of juvenile and the institution shall provide necessary medical facilities including a doctor, medical equipment for minor health problems, fist aid kit, stock of emergency medicines, consumables and immunization coverage.

•

The staff shall be trained in handling first aid.

•

The Institution shall take preventive measures in the event of out break of contagious or infectious diseases.

2.9.5(c): Tie-up with Local Primary Health Centre •

Institution shall tie-up with local Primary Health Centre, government hospital, medical colleges, other hospitals, clinical psychologists and psychiatrists and mental health institutes for regular visits by their doctors and students and for holding periodic health camps within the institution.

2.9.5(d): Drug Abuse Prevention and Rehabilitation Programme •

Institution shall refer such children who require specialized drug abuse prevention and rehabilitation programme, to an appropriate centre administered by qualified personnel where these programmes shall be adopted to the age, gender and other specifications of the concerned child.

2.9.5.(e): Mental Health Record •

A mental health record of every juvenile shall be maintained by the concerned institution.

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•

2. LITERATURE

Services of trained counsellors or psychologists or psychiatrists may be taken to provide for specialized and regular individual therapy for every juvenile.

2.9.6 Education Facilities •

Every institution shall provide education to all juvenile, inside the institution or outside.

•

The institution shall make arrangement of educational opportunities with schools, non formal education institutions and from special educators.

•

Extra coaching shall be made available to school going children in the institutions by encouraging volunteer services or tying up with coaching centers.

2.9.7 Vocational Training •

Every institution shall provide gainful vocational training to juvenile.[Rule 48 (a)]

•

The institutions shall develop networking with Institute of Technical Instruction, Jan Shikshan Sansthan, Government and Private Organization or Enterprises, Agencies or non-governmental organisations with expertise or placement agencies.

2.9.8 Recreation Facilities •

A provision for guided recreation shall be made available to all juveniles in the institutions including indoor and outdoor games, music, television, picnics, outgoings, cultural programmes and library.

2.9.9 Daily Routine •

Every institution shall have a daily routine for the juveniles developed in consultation with the Children's Committees, which shall be prominently displayed at various places within the institution.

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•

2. LITERATURE

The daily routine shall provide, for a regulated and disciplined life, personal

hygiene and cleanliness, physical exercise, yoga, educational classes, vocational training, organized recreation and games, moral education, group activities, prayer and community singing and special programmes.

2.10 MANAGEMENT AND STAFF

2.10.1 Management Committee Every Institution shall have a Management Committee for the management of the institution and/or monitoring the progress of every juvenile.

2.10.2 Composition The Management Committee shall consist of: •

District Child Protection Officer (District Child Protection Unit)Chairperson

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Officer-in-charge -Member Secretary

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Probation Officer or Child Welfare Officer or Case Worker - Member

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Medical Officer - Member

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Psychologist or Counsellor - Member

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Workshop Supervisor or Instructor in Vocation- Member

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Teacher - Member

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Social Worker Member of Juvenile Justice Board or Child Welfare Committee- Member

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A Juvenile representative from each of the Children's Committees (on a monthly rotation basis to ensure representation of juveniles or children from all age groups)- Member

•

Voluntary organizations providing professional and technical services like education , vocational training, psychosocial care, mental health intervention and legal aid- Special Invitee

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2.10.3 Meeting

2. LITERATURE

•

The Management Committee shall meet every month.

•

The Committee shall review the Children's Suggestion Book at least once in three months.

2.10.4 Duties and Functions The Management Committee shall consider and review — •

Custodial care, housing, area of activity and type of supervision or interventions required;

•

Medical facilities and treatment;

•

Food, water, sanitation and hygiene conditions;

•

Vocational training and opportunities for employment;

•

Education and life skills development programmes;

•

Social adjustment, recreation, group work activities, guidance counselling;

•

Release or restoration including pre and post release; Daily routine;

•

Community participation and voluntarism in the residential life of children such as education, vocational activities, recreation and hobby;

2.10.5 Complaint Redressal Mechanism & Suggestion •

The Management Committee shall set up a complaint and redress mechanism in every institution.

•

Children's Suggestion Book shall be maintained where the complaints and action taken are duly recorded.

•

Children's Suggestion Box to be checked every week by the Chairperson or his representative from the District Child Protection Unit.

•

All suggestions received through the suggestion box and action taken as a result of the decisions shall be placed before the Management Committee.

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2.10.6 Duties and Functions

2. LITERATURE

The committee would be involved in activities relating to: •

Improvement of the condition of the institution;

•

Preparing daily routine and diet scale; developing educational; vocational and recreation plans;

•

Reporting abuse and exploitation by peers and caregivers;

•

Creative expression of views through wall papers or newsletters or paintings or music or theatre.

2.11. Staff / Personnel •

The strength of staff of an institution shall be fixed on the basis of capacity of institution, work load, category of children etc. They shall be appointed in accordance with the educational qualifications, training and experience.

•

Suggested staffing pattern for an institution with a capacity of 100 juveniles could be as mentioned below–

•

Officer-in-Charge (Superintendent) – 1

•

Counsellor – 2

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Probation Officer – 3

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House Mother or House Father – 4

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Educator – 2 (voluntary or part time)

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Doctor – 1

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Paramedical staff – 1

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Store-keeper cum Accountant – 1

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Art & Craft cum Music Teacher – 1 (Part Time)

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PT Instructor cum Yoga Trainer – 1 (Part Time)

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Driver – 1

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Cook – 2

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2. LITERATURE

•

Helper – 2

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Housekeeping – 2

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Gardner – 1 (Part Time)

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Psychiatrist, Psychologist, Occupational Therapist & Other

•

Professionals (Part Time as may be required)

2.12 Adaptive skills essential for daily functioning for Juveniles in Education/ training/ health: • Social Skills Interpersonal Responsibility Self-esteem Gullibility (likelihood of being tricked or manipulated) Naiveté Follows rules Obeys laws Avoid victimization •

Practical skills

•

Human development activities

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Teaching and Education activities

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Home living activities

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Community living activities

•

Employment activities

•

Health and safety activities

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

3. Project Guide for Designing a Juvenile Facility •

Juvenile Facility Design

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Flow of Movement

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Analysis of Need

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Safety, Security, and Management Priorities

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Environmental Character

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Daily Programming Activities and Opportunities

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Staffing Efficiency

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Planning and Design Process

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Space Requirements

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Cultural/ Social Issues

•

Design Guidelines of Maximum and Medium Cellblocks

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION 3.1 Juvenile facility design •

Designing a juvenile facility highly depends on understanding the needs and requirements of the users of the facility: the inmates and employees that are responsible for taking care of the youth.

•

In order to have a well-designed facility that comprehends its function, it is essential to look beyond just creating spaces or an attractive façade.

•

A good design greatly depends on the development of spaces that offer a positive outcome of the residents and at the same time is responsive to the inmates and staff.

•

It should also comprehend the other essential functions of the facility, such as daily programs, safety, security, and affirmative management.

•

The most important factor to remember while designing a juvenile center is the importance of providing a positive interference in the lives of the youth and offering all the essential needs for an optimistic rehabilitation.

•

Custodial care is usually the last alternative in a series of interventions that is offered by the justice system.

•

Therefore, it could be the last opportunity for youth to consider their actions and redirect them to a path that is free of crime.

•

It is important to guaranty that the environment created for the youth supports them in every aspect of their lives and encourages positive energy among the juveniles in order to achieve effective cooperation.

•

Therefore, it is essential that the spaces and programs are well developed and integrated with the residential environment of the center.

•

Even for the short-term juveniles, the purpose of the center should be effective enough to teach them discipline while they are present.

•

The focus of the design of a youth detention center should be directed to the establishment of spaces that encourage teaching and learning in all aspects of the

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

human life, such as casual living and family related activities, social interactions, and academic education.

•

In the past few years, the purpose of the juvenile facilities have been aiming to enhance the characteristic qualities of the juveniles by accommodating a greater number of inmates and providing larger housing units in more restrictive construction materials and hardware.

•

It is essential to understand that for a juvenile facility is not a jail, it is merely a secure place that under the best circumstances hopes to present a better future for the troubled juveniles.

3.2 Flow of movement: •

The following diagram illustrates the inmate flow through the reception component of a detention facility.

•

This diagram gives insight to the detailed spaces required upon the entrance of the youth from the arrangement till his/her entrance to the detention housing unit.

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

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3.3 Analysis of Need: •

STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

It is common for local authorities to develop a secure juvenile detention facility to solve the problems of youth, especially in communities where there are very few recourses and activities for them.

•

Such a facility provides a demanding action to youths’ misbehaviors. Therefore, this could mean that inmates of the center have no transportation to access facilities.

•

Law enforcements and the courts could also make it obligatory for the juveniles and their families to participate in different activities such as, problem-solving and self-treatment services.

•

The safety and security provided at the juvenile center determines the success of the project. Thus, a more secure and safe detention center would hopefully prove to be positively affective.

•

Past studies about youth detention centers suggest that secure detention should be adjustable to the juveniles intervention needs.

•

Some juveniles require secure custody, while most of the other youths can be managed by the local programs of the center and at the same time will not jeopardize the safety or cause threats for fellow inmates or the community.

•

Thus, secure custody should be exclusively categorized for the youth whom might present a threat to others, the public, or the court process.

•

It is essential to recognize the importance of providing secure residential care for the juvenile criminals. A limited number of youth who enter the juvenile justice system need this exclusive attention.

•

Yet, various authorize who acknowledge the importance of such a facility for the youth spend money to provide the essentials of a place for the juveniles.

•

On the other hand, sometimes the programs and services that require the facility to function effectively are ignored, and this results to accepting various kinds of youth offenders whom might not even need to be physically restricted.

•

In this case, authorities usually are in demand to extend the perimeters of the project and over-build to accommodate the other facilities.

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•

STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

For a youth detention facility to operate effectively, the various needs of inmates have to be accommodated. These programs may include:

•

- Day treatment

- Alternative education

- After school report

- Shelter care/staff secure

- Juvenile and family counseling

- Job skills training

- Group care/treatment

- Restitution/community work

Space programs and other accommodations to support the listed programs can be incorporated into the center or found in new-planed facilities or they can exist a different location.

•

These enhancement programs do not need a secure construction; therefore, the development costs of such projects are considerably lower.

•

These programs require a specific number of juveniles to be present in the center to have an active community on the campus. The operational costs of these listed services are considered to be low.

3.4 Safety, Security and Management Priorities: •

Residential facilities for juveniles might vary in their security level. Some of them might have maximum, medium, or minimum security, or a combination of them.

•

Regardless of the security level, a juvenile center should provide a safe environment that would protect them from any harm. The residents of the center should understand and feel that they are safe from any external or internal threat.

•

The presence of the staff and their interactions with youth should enhance their feeling of security. And for small group sizes, the chances for privacy and defining boundaries inside and outside of the buildings should be clear for the youth.

•

The feeling of security and safety and the absence of perceived threats will reduce defensive and aggressive behavior among the youth.

•

The present staff and people working in the center should also be confident that they are safe at all times.

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•

STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

This would encourage the staff and workers to act more effectively and efficiently and at the same time, enhance the cooperation among them and the juveniles.

•

If the staff does not feel secure at any time or, their personal safety is uncertain, this might result in them withdrawing from participating in the residential activities of the center.

•

In order to achieve the highest levels of security possible, residents of the center should be observed and their actions monitored at all times, and they should also be aware that they are being watched at all times.

•

In the housing units of the center, residents should be directly supervised and in the common living spaces, their action should be monitored by the staff inside the housing areas and supported by the staff outside of the housing units.

•

This method of observation is preferred in most of the juvenile programs. It is also important to recognize that the staff in other locations should easily monitor the activities taking place in the housing units. In the residential area, small group activities should be permitted to allow residents to separated themselves from others or be separated from staff, as required.

•

In places that are physically secure, the development of various activity zones are necessary, thus, staff should control the access between the zones. For example, from living area to dayroom, from multipurpose room to living area, from outdoor spaces to the housing unit, and from housing units to education or recreational activity zones.

•

The main areas that need access control usually involve staff control of locked doors.

•

It is important that attention should be given for the development of easily monitored housing units, along with programs areas, such as, educational, recreational, dining, and visiting, as well as special attention should be given to circulation routes to clearly mark their access and exit points.

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•

STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

The perimeters of the building have to be extremely secure to prevent

unauthorized access and egress from the facility. However, security fixtures and materials within the building can be less preventive and obstructive.

•

Secure constructions can assist staff to do their job more efficiently to make the management for access easier to monitor and removes the threats of escape.

•

Nevertheless, security construction cannot replace the efforts of staff working with youth in providing a secure and safe environment for them.

•

Staff can encourage youth and minimize the chances of escape by treating them fairly and responding to their problems as they occur.

•

The facility design within itself aims to encourage the supervision of all spaces used by residents, the easy accessibility to the different services and facilities in the center, and supports interaction between staff and residents.

3.5 Environmental Character: •

The environmental character of the center should encourage the residents to accept rehabilitation, as well as allow for integrated of outdoor and indoor activities. Some essential issues that relate to the design of a youth detention center and affect the environmental character of the place can include the following factors:

•

Allow for open interior spaces to view the outside;

•

Permit openings that allow natural lighting into indoor spaces to reduce the perception of crowding;

•

Accessibility to outdoor spaces from the housing units and program areas to reduce the feeling of confinement;

•

Encourage secure outdoor activities;

•

Usage of light colours, decorative accents, and changing decorations can enhance the spatial openness of the space, as well as add visual diversity and allow for a sense of customization of the space;

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•

STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

The use of movable furniture can allow a space to be adjusted for different

activities and offer control over the environment as suitable for the activity; •

Spatial variety, changing of spatial scale, and shape of the space all are encourages throughout the daily activities;

•

Encourage the use of sound absorbing materials to avoid disturbance and noise that is usually generated from youthful populations living together;

•

Use of customary and adjustable materials that resist damages and or that might be common to being self-fulfilling;

3.6 Daily Programming Activities and Opportunities: •

Daily activities are an important part of the youth’s life. The establishment of routines would offer youth a sense of comfort and constancy that should encourage positive behavior.

•

It would also serve to diminish the uncertainty of unexpected or potential harmful events. Developing a full schedule that includes, educations, recreational, therapeutic, and family-oriented activities would hopefully guarantee that the youth is occupied at all times, and thus minimize the occurrence of harmful behavior.

•

It should also assist in developing the manners of the youth to be able to return them back to the community with a positive change. The residential areas of the facility should support living activities such as personal hygiene, counseling, reading, homework, and passive games.

•

And for a more beneficial and diverse outcome to serve the youth, it is encourages that they have access to computer games, skill building activities, table games, arts and crafts, and outdoor recreation activities.

•

Outdoor activities generally promotes positive behavior, thus residents should be able to go outside their housing units to participate in group activities or for personal enjoyment.

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•

STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

Youth should also go outside to burn of their plentiful youthful energy, and at the same times, staff should supervise them.

•

Staff should encourage outdoor activities and it is essential for them to maintain contact with the residents at all times and in all area. Recreational events should be more than just a scheduled time for the residents to go outside.

•

It should promote physical activities that are available for the youth at the supervision of staff as part of the social interaction between them. Physical activity is known to be healthy way to exert energy establish a good behavior.

•

A various of indoor and outdoor spaces that support physical activity of all different kinds should be established to serve the youth. Education is an essential aspect of the youth’s daily activities.

•

Although it is commonly practiced in typical classroom spaces that are designed to encourage a variation of instructional activities, it can be carried out in the housing units or in outdoor areas.

•

Teachers should be able to handle a large or small groups, and to schedule special events as suitable for the various spaces: housing areas, outdoor courtyards, dining hall, visiting areas, etc.

•

All these different spaces should encourage education and be accessible during the school hours, as well as at other times if the staff desire to continue the learning process.

•

The architectural design of residential facilities for youth must be adaptable for them and encourage their positive enhancement, rather than restricting them in an undesired space.

•

Easy accessibility to and supervision of all program spaces, and the ability to use the different spaces at all times of the day are the essential elements of a successful design process.

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3.7 Staffing Efficiency: •

STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

Residential facilities aimed to serve the youth usually require a higher staffing ration than those of adult facilities.

•

It is important to understand the purposed for managing youth and engaging in positive activities that would enhance their abilities and skills. Most importantly is to redirect the youth and set them on the direct path that is crime-free and well behaved.

•

Staff ratio can be one staff per eight to twelve residents in the housing area of the juvenile facility. With larger units, the staffing ratio might increase to ensure the safety and appropriate interaction of the residents.

•

In the following table, a representation of space allocations for a 50-bed juvenile detention facility providing 620 square feet per resident is zoned to define the primary functional components.

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3.8 Planning and Design Process: •

The planning and designing stage of a youth detention center is important to examine prior to building to ensure that the different needs for the youth are serviced. In order to understand all the requirements for the facility the goals of the facility have to be set forth.

•

In the case of designing for a secure residential facility for the youth, the different activities carried throughout the day have to be determined to develop the appropriate spaces and provide the right circulation to accommodate all the required programs and services.

•

The first step in the facility planning progress is the operational/architectural programming which aims to define the mission of the facility, the operational essentialities, such as management methods, and staff-to-resident rations, presented programs, and potential activities.

•

The number of staff required in the process of running the facility properly has to be determined along with an annual operational cost of the project. When all these different aspects are finalized, the architectural programming can beginning, and can be preceded by the environmental priories such as special character and the appearance of the building.

•

Other important factors such as building code requirements, security systems, and cost/site constrains have to be observed as well.

•

When all the above information is provided, a list of the different spaces, the capacity of each space along with its function has to be determined. The total space required, including the net usable areas and related factors such as additional spaces for circulation, walls, mechanical and electrical rooms are calculated, then a clear picture of the size of the project will be determined the cost of the construction can be predicted.

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

3.9 Space Requirements: •

Juvenile center can vary in size depending on the amount of people it will be serving, and the various programs and activities offered to the residents.

•

Short-term custodial facilities are approximately 500 – 650 square feet per resident, where as a long-term residential facility with an extensive educational and recreational services can reach up to 700 – 800 square feet per resident in order to accommodate educational, vocational, recreational, and rehabilitation programs. In general, smaller facilities tend to have more square feet per resident because they do not benefit from the economics of the scale.

•

For example, the space required for specific shared activities of a certain number of persons, such as food preparation, indoor recreation, and administration, are not averaged over a large number of residents.

•

Juveniles in secure detention centers do not normally leave the facility unless there is a special circumstance. Therefore, a number of related facilities that are essential to accommodate the life of a youth on a daily basis have to be provided.

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

3.10 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

Design of correctional & rehabilitation center for Juveniles with different age groups with fine screening and physiological behavioral modification and vocational training for independent living personality development with education and training. center is designed to create a normal persons, skills to design emphasis to provide good education, homely environment, communication/ recreational space with interacting/ connectivity of each block with specific singe, service and programming blocks, administration, special education for juveniles, vocational training block for independent living in society.

3.11 AIMS / OBJECTIVES:  3.11.1 AIMS: •

Creating community friendly environment

•

To design a secured built environmental with social concern

•

Design a rehabilitation and correctional center with required facilities

•

Rehabilitation of juveniles through education and training to make them as independent living

 3.11.2 OBJECTIVES: Juveniles can be well trained and made fit for leading normal life in existing society living with support in a home in the community, predictors of behavioral development and household and community activity juvenile services are to develop behavioral, engagement in activity community integration using advance facilities for persons with violent behaviour and its educational implications in improving their self esteem, leading towards achieving better result. Or number to call the group based on age and ability levels such an expedition may create better results in their attitude.

•

Day care centre

•

Vocational training centre

•

Development spirit of leadership

•

Develop self help skills

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

•

Develop sense of responsibility

•

Meditation

•

Enhance confidence

•

Training program for juveniles, community members To develop innovative and improvised method of rehabilitation to the juveniles,

so that the juveniles are helped to develop their skills and talent for the maximum possible extent, towards their self-dependence. According to their capabilities, Juveniles are engaged in a useful, productive and remunerative occupation and supported to participate in all social, creative or recreational activities ensuring their full participation in all spheres their lives. Result in sustainable functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life

3.11.3 Activities: 1. Self-care 2. Expressive and receptive language 3. Learning 4. Mobility 5. Self-direction 6. Capacity for independent living 7. Economic self-sufficiency

3.11.4 Requirements •

Juvenile Housing

•

Education

•

Indoor and outdoor recreation

•

Religious services

•

Food services/dining

•

Medical services

•

Laundry services

•

Maintenance

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STANDARDS AND DATA COLLECTION

3.12 Norms for building The norms for building for an institution with 50 juveniles shall be as under: •

2 Dormitories – Each 1000 Sq. ft. for 25 juveniles

•

2 Classrooms – 300 Sq. ft. for 25 juveniles/children i.e. 600 Sq. ft.

•

Sickroom/First aid room – 75 Sq. ft. per juvenile/children for 10 i.e. 750 Sq. ft

•

Kitchen – 250 Sq. ft

•

Dining Hall – 800 Sq. ft

•

Store – 250 Sq. ft

•

Recreation room - 300 Sq. ft

•

Library – 500 sq. ft

•

5 bathrooms – 25 Sq. ft. each i.e. 125 Sq.ft

•

8 toilets/latrines – 25 Sq. ft. each i.e. 200 Sq. ft

•

Office rooms – 300 Sq. ft.

•

Superintendent's room – 200 sq. fit

•

Counselling and guidance room – 120 Sq. ft.

•

Workshop – 1125 Sq. ft. for 15 juvenile@75 Sq, ft. per trainee

•

Residence for Superintendent –

•

2 rooms of 250 Sq. ft. each

•

kitchen 75 Sq. ft.

•

bathroom cum Toilet/latrine 50 Sq. ft

•

2 Rooms for Juvenile Justice Board – 300 Sq. ft. each

•

Playground – Sufficient area according to the total number of juveniles or children TOTAL – 8495 Sq. ft.

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DESKTOP STUDY 4. DESKTOP STUDY-1 4.1 SONOMA COUNTY JUVENILE CENTER (SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA)

Perspective of the Sonoma County Juvenile Center

View of the center

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DESKTOP STUDY

View of the interior

View of the interior of the center

View of the interior

Entance to the cente

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DESKTOP STUDY

Interior view of the center

The Sierra Center was developed and running in 1970 at the Sonoma Country Adolescent Program. This unique center is a ranch/camp program that is designed especially for female juvenile offenders from the ages 12-18. As the center proved great success, it was recommended that they also accommodate male offenders mainly because due to the minimum number of female offenders in the area. By 1981, the Seirra Center was open to both female and male offenders.

The purpose of the center was aiming to encourage involvement between the juveniles and the residents of the community to provide a unique interaction between them. This interaction demonstrated to be highly successful and thus encouraged the development of aftercare programs. The aftercare programs provide support, structure and accountability to the juveniles and their families to motivate them to have a better future and guarantee an easy transition to homes .

4.1.1 THE ARCHITECT ďƒ˜ This project was designed by The Design Partnership Firm (Architects + Planners).

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DESKTOP STUDY 4.1.2 PROGRAM  The different facilities provided at this center incorporate three main Functions: the Sonoma County Sierra Youth Center, the Sonoma County probation camp  The Sonoma County Sierra Youth Center (SYC) provides temporary Residential programs which specifically relate to each gender. The aim of the center is to minimize the risk of misbehaver and to develop healthier skills and abilities. Generally, inmates of the center stay from 6-12 months depending on the severity of the offender. The center also provides an aftercare programs that is established to provide an extra 6-14 months to assist the families of the offenders and ensure that the juveniles have successfully returned home and established a positive attitude towards the community. The programs in the center include a variety of services such as;educational therapy, recreational and educational activities, and work crew. Each of the different components has specific customized services that relate to its function.

 The Sonoma County Probation Camp aims to address issues related to antisocial, illegal behavior, and thinking patterns in the youth, meanwhile encouraging their personal acceptance in terms of responsibility for their decisions and actions. These issues are tackled through individual development of academic and vocational skills, which are essential abilities in modern society. These skills and abilities along with therapeutic treatment make up the camp programs. The camp program provides troubled youth with the tools needed to develop themselves in the community.  The Sonoma County Juvenile Hall is an accommodation facility that provides temporary places that are safe and secure for youths that might cause a threat to the community. The youth are detained in the Juvenile hall awaiting JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER

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DESKTOP STUDY their Juvenile Court Hearing, while they serve short0term commitments, or await out-of-home placement in a foster/group home, camp, or other institution. A small percentage of minors are actually detained by law enforcement agencies and are actually present in the Juvenile Hall because they are usually released to their parent(s)/guardian(s).

An in-depth detail of the Sonoma County Sierra Youth Center services can be divided into the following services:

4.1.3 EDUCATION  The educational development of each individual resident in the center is considered to be a high priority.  The residents of the center attend Sierra’s Hood Mountain School, which provides intensive, individualized programs at an on-site classroom.  To provide more services to the residents, the center provides a tutoring program in addition to core and art classes.  Individuals of the center who do well academically are able to attend the local Junior College.

4.1.4 THERAPY  Therapeutic treatment in SYC provides group and individual counseling. As well as parents support groups, individual drug and alcohol counseling, and specialized therapy for mental health needs.  United Against Sexual Assault facilitates provides healing and promotes the prevention of violence by offering education and counseling services.

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DESKTOP STUDY 4.1.5 RECREATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES  The residents of the center have the chance to participate in a variety of activities that enhance their health and cultural experiences.  Some of these activities include ski trips, hiking, swimming, and theatre outing.

4.1.6 WORK CREW  The youth in the center can earn money by working in the county parks.  This is also beneficial because it enhances their skills and contributes to the community.

4.1.7 THE SONOMA COUNTY PROBATION CAMP SERVICES The program in the Sonoma County Probation Camp consist of the following:  Academic classroom achievement toward high school diploma in  collaboration with Sonoma County Office of Education  GED and high school proficiency testing  Pre-vocational competency skills in welding, woodworking, culinary, and  forklift license  Job obtainment skills and job placement, including collaboration with Sonoma County Job Link  Direct victim restitution  Independent living skills  Individual, group and family therapy  Parenting Classes in collaboration with The Center for Social and  Environmental Stewardship (formerly Circuit Rider Productions)

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DESKTOP STUDY  Drug treatment program (Therapy, NA and AA groups); bi-weekly meetings  with Alcohol and Other Drug treatment Services (AODS) counselor onsite  Behavior modification  Daily physical education  Confrontation of negative thinking patterns  Wilderness experience programs  Aftercare community supervision-electronic monitoring  Mentoring program  Build products for sale and for County projects through Supervised Adult  Work Crews

4.1.8 THE JUVENILE HALL SERVICES The Juvenile Hall, provides a number of services are during the residents' temporary stay:  Secure physical care  Assessment and treatment services  A Behavior Management System designed to foster personal responsibility  A comprehensive school program implemented in cooperation with the  Sonoma County Office of Education (SCOE)  Medical services provided by the County of Sonoma Department of Health  Services

4.1.9 The diversion services in the Sonoma County Juvenile Hall Some of the services include:  Informal Probation  Early Intervention Program (EIP)  Sonoma County Volunteer Center JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER

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DESKTOP STUDY  Weekend Work Crews  California Offender Program Services (COPS)  KIDS Project  Recourse Mediation  Family Functional Therapy.

4.1.10 Space Distribution (Zoning) 

The Sonoma County Juvenile Center is located between vineyards, a regional park, and a luxurious retirement community. There are three main buildings for this complex.



They consist of a juvenile court, the juvenile probation office, and a secure detention facility. The design of this juvenile center specifically comprehends with the Sonoma vernacular.



The courthouse is made of a 2-story building that includes two courtrooms, whereas, the detention facility accommodates 140 beds in 20-bed ponds, as well as educational, healthcare and recreational facilities.



The Sonoma County Juvenile Center was awarded with the “Best Institutional Design” by the California Construction Magazine.



Sonoma County's new, modern Juvenile Hall, located in Santa Rosa, opened in December of 2005. The facility has the capacity to provide secure residential housing to 140 youths. In order to meet Sonoma County's needs well into the future, the building was designed to support expansion of up to 100 beds, providing the potential of a 240 bed facility.



A variety of housing types were incorporated to enhance program and management flexibility. Each of the seven housing units includes program, school and activity spaces designed to support a decentralized operational program for efficient use of staff and maintenance of safety and security.



The housing units were also designed with a focus on overall environmental quality, which reduces tensions and assists our Juvenile Correctional Counsellors in effectively managing the population.

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DESKTOP STUDY 4.2 DESKTOP STUDY – 2 4.2.1 Boone County Juvenile Justice Center (Boone County, Missouri)

Main elevation of the center

Elevation of the Boone County Juvenile Center

This project began as an expansion and renovation of the existing Juvenile Justice Center facility located at 1900 Prathersville Road, Columbia, Missouri. However, after analyzing the feasibility of renovating the existing facility and considering potential construction disruptions, the project took a new direction. Cost analysis identified that a new facility could be developed within the construction budget established for renovating the existing facility.

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DESKTOP STUDY The new building would be better organized and build in full compliance with ADA requirements. The existing Center would be made available for other County needs.

The Boone County Juvenile Justice Center is a facility designated by the Court of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit to provide detention; evaluation services and temporary care for juveniles found to be in need by order of the Court. The building plan was designed to provide for maximum visibility to minimize staffing requirements at the facility.

4.2.2 THE ARCHITECT 

The Simon Associates Incorporation designed the Boone County Juvenile Justice Center, and the project architect of the center is John Simon. The Project budget cost $1,269,000.00 U.S.D.



The building area of the project is 14, 350 square feet. The building type consists of pre-engineered metal building with non-combustible interior components.

4.2.3 PROGRAM 

The services provided at the Boone County Juvenile Justice Center mainly consist of the four different programs: detention program, valuation program, shortterm care program, and placement program.

4.2.4 THE DETENTION PROGRAM  All detained juveniles have to pass by a law enforcement agency, which will refer them to a juvenile officer.

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DESKTOP STUDY  The juvenile offer will then decide in the youth should be placed in the detention center and if so, the Boone County Juvenile Center will be contacted to be given information regarding the juvenile, such name, date of birth, sex, race, offense, attitude, special condition, etc. When the juvenile is admitted into the center, the admission procedures follow.

4.2.5 THE EVALUATION PROGRAM  Placement of evaluation status is confirmed after the juvenile is committed into the center and prior to the hearing. An evaluation of the youth is then completed to determine their specific status and related issues. Later on, other evaluation procedures are also essential to determine the progress of the juvenile.  And at the case of a juvenile to be released another evaluation to determine the certainty of his/her status must be completed to determine their efficiency of their ability to go back into the community.

4.2.6 SHORT-TERM CARE PROGRAM  This program is aimed to provide the right communication between the juvenile and the supervising deputy juvenile officer.

4.2.7PLACEMENT PROGRAM  A placement program is for long-term juveniles who have to be admitted into the center for a long period of time to guarantee their improvement and the safety of the community.  After the completion of the placement program, a court order would determine if the juvenile has achieved a better status, his/her expectations improved, and if they are ready to be released into the community.

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DESKTOP STUDY 4.2.8 SPACE DISTRIBUTION (ZONING) 

The Boone County Juvenile Center consists of two levels of occupancy that exist in the facility. Boys and girls detention areas provide the highest level of security for the residents and staff.



Each occupant at the facility will be assigned to a private room measuring approximately 70 square feet. In the detention wing, the occupancy is eight boys and four girls.



In the residential wings, where youth are in temporary placement for evaluation, there is an occupancy of fourteen boys and seven girls.



The security system consists of computer activated electronic locks and monitors interfaced with closed circuit televisions and smoke and heat detection sensors.

Plan of Boone county juvenile justice center

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5.1 CASE STUDY-1

CASE STUDY

5.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CASE STUDY JUVENILE HOME FOR BOYS TIRUPATI.

Panoramic view of juvenile home for boys, Tirupati

5.1.2 VISION  The quality of life of every Juvenile is equal to other citizens in the country in that they should be motivated to live independently to the maximum extent possible.

5.1.3 MISSION STATEMENT  Through constant professional endeavors, empowering the Juveniles with crime mentality to access the state-of-the-art rehabilitation intervention viz., educational, medical, vocational, employment, leisure and social, sports, cultural programmers and full participation.

5.1.4 VALUE STATEMENT  Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) values equal opportunity, protection of rights and full participation for the Juveniles.

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CASE STUDY

 JJB believes in participation of the Juveniles, parents, psychologists, doctors and other social workers in the rehabilitation programmers that are motivationally focused.

5.1.5 GENERAL SERVICES AND MODELS •

Special education services

•

Vocational training

•

Placement services

•

Juvenile housing services

•

Medical services

•

Behavior modification services

•

Guidance and counseling services

•

Community rehabilitation

•

Food services

5.1.6 APPROACH TO CASE STUDY  The one of main reason is, it is one of the good Juvenile Home in Andhra Pradesh context for Children which serves crime mentality with services to wards educational, health, and vocational training and treat the juveniles with community skill persons and also promoting independent living skills.  Location of the site: Tirupati.  The detention home was built in 2006 and is a autonomous body under the Juvenile Justice Board, government of India. The Juvenile Justice Board located in Saidabad, Andhra Pradesh, is committed to develop models of care for Juveniles with crime mentality, conduct research in the area of Juvenile treatment, promote human resources development and work along with social welfare workers in the country.

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5.1.7 Objectives of the juvenile home

CASE STUDY

 Develop appropriate models of care and rehabilitation for the Juveniles appropriate to Indian conditions.  Motivate the Juveniles towards the society in a positive and peaceful manner.  Provide education and vocational training services to Juveniles to assist them wherever necessary.

5.2 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 5.2.1 Site analysis  Site area : 5 acres  Orientation of the site: Towards North  Longer face east to west and shorter face north to south orientation

5.2.2 Site surrounding:  North : open land for commercial/residential  South; open land commercial/residential  West: residential  East: RTO Office, Tirupati.

5.2.3 Access:  Access to the site, main road abutting 7.0m wide with no pedestrian path ways connected to main entrance. No of main entries: one no. (entry and exit) with no security post.  No separate access is provided to reach the building or block and need to be accessed through the open area in front of the building.

5.2.4 Stairs:  Stairs are well provided in within the building width of the stairs is 3.0m wide maximum and minimum 1.5m wide, with 150mm raider and 230mm wide tread, and normal hand rail are provided at ht of 800mm.

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CASE STUDY 5.2.5 Corridors:  Corridors in this institution have a major role in connecting each room and the corridor width is 2.2 m.  with safe approaches all the corridors where maximum flow of Juveniles in school and service programming block and vocational training center, dining hall and toilets are well planned, providing good lighting and ventilation, and also better outside views.

5.2.6 Observations:  The security of the center is medium .  Provisions such as library , water purifier plant for clean drinking water.  Consists a court room where the juveniles are judged regarding their cases.  No cc camera system is provided.  Lot of open space is provided. No proper visitor management system.

5.2.7 Views of juveniles regarding their life in the juvenile home:  No proper hygiene in the rooms. There is no particular care taken in counseling the juveniles even there is yoga and meditation, mental counseling is necessary.  As spoken to the staff , the feel they will be happy if there are more provisions like medical checkup and separate accommodation for juveniles based on the age group and some landscaping & play areas.

5.2.8 Food clothing & bedding:  Inmates are provided with diet as approved by Juvenile Authority. Special food is provided on the day of national importance & festivals.  No any special clothing system. Poor inmates are provided with free clothing.

Inmates are provided with no beds and sleeps on the floor.

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CASE STUDY

5.2.9 Kitchen and food serving:

 cooking of food is through lpg cylinders . Kitchen is equipped with required machinery for preparation of food in hygienic manner.  Separate dining hall attached to kitchen has been provided for the community involvement and hot food is served for the children.

5.2.10 Daily procedure: •

6.30-yoga ( 1 hour)

*4pm : prayer

•

8.30 – tiffin

*6pm – facewash & T.V.

•

Upto 12 pm - reading books

*8pm - dinner

•

Tv -1 hour

*9pm - sleep

•

1pm – lunch

•

upto 4 pm – carroms & books

5.3 ACTIVE / PASSIVE 5.3.1 Active spaces: 

Observation home



Children home



play area



roads and pathways

5.3.2 Passive space 

Parking lots overhead tanks offset land relation between active and passive spaces the coordination between active and passive spaces is very bad.

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5.4 Zoning:

CASE STUDY

Total site is divided into  Children Home  Observation Home  Recreational area  parking lots

5.5 CHILDREN HOME 5.5.1 Ground floor:  This building G+1 structure Ground floor planned with dining hall, dormitory, recreation room, reception and toilets.

5.5.2 First floor:  Library, class rooms, dormitory, juvenile board hall, office, staff room, and toilets, connected corridor with school building with ramp and stairs.

5.5.3 Form and shape:  The basic form and shape of this block is rectangle in shape with long connecting corridor linear in shape with single corridor.  This may cause darkness in corridor all rooms where arranged in rectangular in shape is utilizing and functioning all room where one side exposed towards sun light to penetrate light into each rooms.  Width of stair case is 1.5m wide height of raiser 0.15m and tread 0.3m wide stair case approach to first floor shabad stone flooring natural lighting is penetrates optimum.

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5.6 Educational & Vocational center for Juveniles:

CASE STUDY

 Class rooms and vocational rooms are provided in the first floor of the Children Home and vocation training offers training in tailoring and electrical works.

•

Class room -1

•

Class room -2

•

Class room-3

•

Superintendent room

•

Office

•

vocational room – 1

•

vocational room - 2

 An open play area is provide for Juveniles with no proper playing equipment, and is also used for meditation purpose and clear vision from corridors for regular observation from staff and helpers.  Fencing wall at height of 2 M from ground level serves no purpose as it is easy to climb and escape for the Juveniles.

5.6.1 Vocational training center :  The main purpose of this service is to provide job services for Juveniles after completion of their sentence to develop the Juveniles to provoke the work and live in the society independently.  Developed and also the person capabilities to work as per the screen of completed per vocational training for any Juvenile detention center the provision of vocational training were given advance and skilled trainer to create a person with all the best level.

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CASE STUDY 5.6.2 Services provided:  Work shop  Domestic Activity  Electrical works

 Tailoring

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CASE STUDY 5.7 CASE STUDY- II 5.7.1 JUVENILE HOME FOR BOYS Saidabad, Hyderabad

Entrance

Inner road

 Juvenile home for boys in saidabad comprises of 2 blocks which accommodates under trails in observation home and juveniles in children home , special home.

5.7.2 CHILDREN HOME  Consists of four dormitories and facilities like hospital, vocational training, recreation room has been provided. No proper ventilation inside the rooms.  In addition there is sufficient space for holding classes for juvenile education.

Different reforming activities like yoga and meditation etc., were held in open space in front of the home.

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CASE STUDY

 Washing and bathing facilities have been provided in the dormitory. Sufficient

water has been provided for drinking and bathing purpose. the juveniles are being served hot and fresh food.  There is provision of dining space in the home so that food may be served in community spirit.

5.7.2.1 Food clothing & bedding:  Inmates are provided with diet as approved by Juvenile Authority. Special food is provided on the day of national importance & festivals.  No any special clothing system. Poor inmates are provided with free clothing.  Inmates are provided with proper beds.

5.7.2.2 Kitchen and food serving:  Cooking of food is through lpg cylinders. Kitchen is equipped with required machinery for preparation of food in hygienic manner.  Separate dining hall attached to kitchen has been provided for the community involvement and hot food is served for the children.

5.8 Characteristics 

Site area



Location

:

with in town limits



Type of system

:

semi-open



Capacity

:

200



No of inmates

:

154



Accommodation

:

Dormitories



Type of juveniles lodged:

Convicts & under trails



Total staff

:

22



Security grade

:

low security



Facilities provided

:

Administration rooms, dormitories,

:

2.5 acres

Recreation rooms , library, kitchen ,Dining room, Hospital, Play area , medical section, Vocational training rooms.

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CASE STUDY 

No interaction spaces



No landscaping.

5.8.1 General Services and Models  Special education services  Vocational training  Placement services  Juvenile housing services  Medical services  Behavior modification services  Guidance and counseling services  Community rehabilitation  Food services

5.8.2 SPECIAL HOME :  Consists of one dormitories and facilities like class room, medical section, library, vocational training has been provided along with kitchen space. No proper ventilation inside the rooms.  Different reforming activities like yoga and meditation etc., were held in open space in front of the home. Convicts were lodged in special home.

5.8.3 OBSERVATION HOME:  Consists a dormitory and office room with an open space in front .  Under trials were being lodged in observation home.  Food is served along with the convicts in dining area.  Washing and bathing facilities were provided in dormitory.

5.8.4 Further Observations:

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CASE STUDY

 The security of the center is low. Few juveniles have been escaped from the

home. Provisions such as library, water purifier plant for clean drinking water. No cc camera system is provided.  Play area has been occupied by CRPF camp hence children are not allowed to play any games. No proper visitor management system.

5.8.5 Views of juveniles regarding their life in the Juvenile home:  No proper hygiene in the rooms.  There is no particular care taken in counseling the juveniles even there is yoga and meditation, mental counseling is necessary.  Treatment by staff is harsh and few juveniles are beaten up by the staff.

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DESIGN PROGRAMME

6. DESIGN PROGRAMME

6.1.1 Administration: 1. Superintendent Room 2. Deputy Supdt. room 3. Administration Office 4. Reception 5. Toilets 6. records room 7. visitor room 8. seminar Room 9. Waiting Room 10. Photostat

6.1.2 Academic Block: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Staff room Toilets class rooms library computer lab Open Waiting/Discussion Area C. toilets

6.1.3 Juvenile Justice Board 1.

2.

3.

4.

JJB office room JJB court hall JJB Judge room C. Toilets

6.1.4 Parking: 1. Public parking 2. Private parking

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DESIGN PROGRAMME

6.1.5 Service & programming block: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

vocational education Tailoring room Electrical room Fine arts room Medical &psychology social workers room Toilets Emergency medical room Seminar/function hall Meditation room

6.1.6 Juvenile housing: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Dormitories for 30 members Toilets Recreation room Warden room

6.1.7 Indoor & outdoor recreation: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Basketball court Volley ball court Badminton court Games room

6.1.8 Dining hall: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Kitchen Pantry area Dining hall C. toilet

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SITE ANALYSIS

7.1: SITE SELECTION CRITERIA:

 A correctional facility is a unique function on its own because, it provides inmates with various opportunities of rehabilitation. Therefore, the site selection for such a building is critical in order for it to provide the maximum benefits for the juveniles and the community. Two of the main aspects that are considered while choosing a site for a correctional facility are, the available space and the quality of the accessibility. It is also important to consider building in an area that could positively benefit from the facility in terms of creating new jobs, and at the same time not excluding the services of the facility in a place that is far away from where it is needed.  Although it has been commonly rejected that such facilities be located close to residential and commercial areas, these beliefs have been changing lately with the knowledge of embracing the juveniles in the community. This would probably benefit the surrounding neighbourhoods due to the various demands that are essential in a correctional facility, such as governmental, medical, residential, educational, infrastructural, and other services.  It is commonly believed that while choosing a site for a new prison or federal facility some factors should be considered. These factors include: Adequate available space for building pathways, roads, and parking Closeness and accessibility to major highways Local public and private support for the project Availability of the essential utilities such as water and electricity  Total site development costs Economic climate condition of the area Availability of providing infrastructure essentials for the new project, such as; schools, housing, and commercial. It is important to realize the importance and need of a JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER

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SITE ANALYSIS

youth detention center in the area. Rather than selecting a site for the project, it is more significant for it to be located in an area where it is needed and easily accessible.

7.2: SITE DESCRIPTION: Coordinates : 13 27’ N 78 9’E Time zone

:

IST (UTC +5.30)

Area

:

5 acres

Altitude

:

137m

Climate

:

Hot humid

Temperature:Summer: 30°C - 40°C. Winter: 21°C. - 30°C. (57F - 81.56F Approx.)

Rainfall

:

695 mm (seasonal) south west monsoon :388.7 mm North east monsoon : 231.3 mm

Region

:

Rayalaseema

Place

:

kadapa

Vegetation :

There is abundant vegetation in the form of grass and large tall trees

Topography

:

Topography of the site is nearly 3m with slope

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SITE ANALYSIS

towards Southside.

Neighbors :

EAST

: Kadapa Central Jail

WEST

: Govt. Polytechnic college for women

NORTH

: Main road towards Tirupati

SOUTH

: Open land and hill region

7.3 SUN PATH:

Fig: 7.1: Stereographic sun path Diagram

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SITE ANALYSIS

Fig: 7.2: Graph showing the difference between solar time and Local mean time

•

Site being located in Kadapa has hot humid climate.

•

The site choosed has Kadapa Central Jail on the east side , main road towards Tirupati on north side, Govt. Polytechnic college for women on west side and open plain land on south side.

7.4: SITE CHARACTERISTICS:  The site has abundant vegetationin the form of grass and large tall trees.  The slope of the site is 3 mts.from the road level. The land is almost flat.  The site’s access road is 0.9m high than the site level i.e., the site is at the level(Road level-0.9m).

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SITE ANALYSIS

7.5: WIND FLOW:  The prevailing winds in this region are mostly from south west to north east for three quarters of the year and the rest being the north east to south west.

7.6: WATER LEVEL & QUANTITY:  Minimum level – 4.4m  Maximum level – 87.25m  General range - 10-30m  Water is suitable for both domestic and irrigation purpose.  Electrical conductivity – 320-5570 micro seimen/cm at 25 deg.C.

7.7: SOIL CONDITIONS:  Soil available – red soil  Load bearing capacity of red soil is greater than black soil.

7.8: PHYSICAL DATA:  The site has been identified by the government as a banjar land. He site was never used for any agricultural purpose in the past. The govt. allotted the land for institutional purpose.  A banjar land is a barren land remained uncultivated/unable to cultivate for a continuous period of not less than 40 years.

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SITE ANALYSIS

7.9 FLOURA & FAUNA :  Kadapa district is blessed with a series of beautiful valleys through which holy rivers like pinakani (pennar). Papagni , chitravathi , mandavya , cheyyuru , cut across the district giving the land sanctity of their own.  The river pennar is the most important river flowing through the district whose legend is incorporated in a sasanam (inscription) at gandikota.  The seshachalam range of hills – passes through this district and is crowned ultimately with the holy shrine of tirumala in chittor district forms part of the central portion of eastern Ghats.

7.10 MINERAL WEALTH:  The district is the repository of mineral wealth. As per the survey of geological survey of india , 30,00,000 of lime , 94,000,000 tons of barites , 2700 tons of asbestos deposits are there.  There are clay deposits in rajampet that are used to make stone implements.  Lime stone is also available in yerraguntla.  STONE that is used in the onstruction of buildings are extensively available in kadapa.  This kadapa granite which is available in this region are available in three different colors at different places.  The stone available in proddutur is black in colour and this stone is available in the form of slabs. These are mostly used as kitchen platforms and also for veradah floorings.  The stone on the eastern Ghats is red colored granite available in the form of boulders which is dressed and exported to different places in the country. This stone is used for lintels , slabs, in the older days and as cladding now a days.

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SITE ANALYSIS

Site plan showing the site in kadapa district for Juvenile Center

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INTRODUCTION

S I T E

WHO IS A JUVENILE ?

LOCATION

A “Juvenile” or “Child” means a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. A boy or girl under 18 years of age is a juvenile or child under Section 2 (k) of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,2000.

JUENILE DELIQUENCY Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors. Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts.

OBJECTIVE :

Provide all the necessary requirements for detainees in the center. Offer proper housing and shelter spaces to ensure the safety of the juveniles and the staff. Provide food and clothing services. Provide proper health and medical care services.

Provide learning and career transition services for the detainees to ensure they are offered the maximum encouragement to develop themselves and continue their education. Provide proper physical and emotional care. Psychological counseling and following-up for the juveniles is necessary to eliminate concerns of each detainee and ensure progress. Provide a fitness center to encourage physical health.

AIM :

The goal of youth detention centers is to care, teach, and discipline children and adolescences while providing them with a safe space for them to make constructive changes in their lives by providing proper basic Needs and Security, Educational, vocational and Health and Medical facilities.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION :

The society in India has been facing an increase in problems regarding youth groups and individuals that are committing crimes and misbehaviour actions that are mainly unsolved and ignored. In such a community with a limitation on resources for youth, it is necessary to recognize the importance of a “Juvenile Detention Center” in order to solve problems in the society properly and hope for a better future for the youth and general public. In 2011, the Juvenile crimes in India were 25,125., and 1.7 mn Juveniles accused of crimes , 64% of the Juveniles crimes were committed by those in the 16-18 age group. Keeping this mind, it is important to acknowledge that crime rate in India has been increasing due to many factors that are affecting the modern life. Relating the crime rate numbers to the juvenile offenders, it is observed that the problems of troubled youth has been steadily increasing, and there are no proper discipline programs that are developed to keep them away from committing more crime.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: A child is a part of society in which he lives.

Due to this immaturity he is easily motivated by what he sees around him. Some of the

offences could be :burglary , stealing and petty thefts, murder , rape/molestation & sexual abuse , causing grievous hurt or injury to another ,other minor offences. Children in need of care and protection are children who are in specially difficult circumstances and they need to be protected by adults from all kinds of neglect , abuse or exploitation. It is the responsibility of adults to ensure “to every child a childhood”.

CHAITANYA KORRA 09011AA058

“An architecture of contradiction, where young people prepare for life “on the outside,” while being kept within”

KADAPA DISTRICT

FOCUS : The essentiality of developing a proper program for the young offenders is necessary to give them a change for rehabilitation and hopefully guarantee character improvement and enhance their skills and abilities to be better suited and released back into the community.

SITE CHARACTERISTICS : • The site is free of productive vegetation, but entirely covered with trees bushes , shrubs. The slope of the site is negligible. The land is almost flat.

• The site’s access road is 0.9m high than the site level i.e., the site is at the level (road level-0.9m) • Site being located in kadapa district has hot dry tropical climate.

• The site chose has vacant lands on south side , and Central jail of Kadapa occupied major part of east side ; residential buildings to the North, and Govt. polytechnic College for women on the west.

• The site has been identified by the government as a banjar land. He site was never used for any agricultural purpose in the past. The govt. allotted the land for institutional purpose.

• The prevailing winds in this region are mostly from south west to north east for three quarters of the year and the rest being the north east to south west

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

FLOW CHART

BYE LAWS • • • • •

SETBACKS _ Front-8 M Sides-6M Site area _ 20800 Sq.M.(5 Acres) F.A.R. – 0.57 Built up Area – 6700 Sq.M. Max Ground coverage - 32%

Topic Desktop study

Data

Case study

Literature

Comparative analysis

SITEPLAN

Design progress Site selection

SITE SECTION

Site Analysis Conceptual design Preliminary design

Final design

JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE,JNAFAU

THESIS 2013

HORTICULTURE IS ENTERTAINED AS A PART OF VOCATIONAL STUDIES AND MAINTAINED BY STUDENTS . IMPROVES THE HARD WORKING QUALITY OF JUVENILES BEING INVOLVED WITH THE NATURE.

JUVENILE HOUSING BLOCK

STEPS OF O.2 MT HEIGHT ARE PROVIDED WITH KADAPA STONES AS A PART OF LANDSCAPE AND USED A COMMON GATHERING SPACE FOR JUVENILES AND AS A STAGE FOR PROGRAMS AND ADDS APPEAL TO THE COURT YARD AREA.

PARGOLA OF HEIGHT 4 MT. ACTING AS A GATHERING SPACE FOR JUVENILES NEAR DINING AREA WHICH ALSO SERVES AS A SPACE FOR EATING PURPOSE.

DINING

AUDITORIUM

PARGOLA OF HEIGHT 3 MT. WHICH IS USED AS A VOCATIONAL TRAINING SPACE FOR FINE ARTS.

BASKET BALL , VOLLEY BALL, BADMINTON COURTS ARE PROVIDED AS A OUTDOOR GAMES FOR JUVENILES INCREASES SPORTIVENESS.

ACADEMIC

VOCATIONAL

COURTYARD IN ACADEMIC BLOCK FOLLOWED BY PARGOLA IN THE GROUND FLOOR .

3 M HEIGHT SITE WALL HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO MAKE A SECURED SITE.

4 M WIDE BUFFER ZONE HAS BEEN CREATED WITH SITE WALL OF HEIGHT 3 M IN ORDER TO MAKE THE SECURED SITE.

ADMINISTRATION PARKING SPACE FOR THE STAFF

SUPERINTENDENT RESIDENCE

SITE PLAN

CHAITANYA KORRA 09011AA058

JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE,JNAFAU

THESIS 2013

CHAITANYA KORRA 09011AA058

JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE,JNAFAU

THESIS 2013

CHAITANYA KORRA 09011AA058

JUVENILE CORRECTION & REHABILITATION CENTER SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE,JNAFAU

THESIS 2013