Strategic plan for central river city - Post Graduate Project by Chakshu Bansal

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CENTRAL RIVER CITY STRATEGIC PLANNING REPORT BY ADITHYA RAJAN 470280515 CHAKSHU 466908421 NAVYUSHA PENTAKOTA

470290499

NICOLE CARNEGIE

460258687

WESTMEAD TRANSFORMERS

RIVER CITY IS THE HOME TO THE DARUG PEOPLES

CENTRAL

Source: www.murumittigar.com.au

Waramidyu. Ngyilagwai birung. Waramibangun Darug nurawa. Burawangiwi ganunigangdyi birung ngubadi wugura nurawa. Gulbangadyiiwi nunanglanung ngangamay, Dharugdalang, magalyinyara, mudjin djarra djarra bannang nugurawa. Bimul bannangdyiwi guwanra wurraira marri ngalyudu. Gulbangamawa gurugal ngiwi. Guwungunyiwi ngana ngalawama burbuga nagbaywa Mudungngun dyalagala Darug ngalawan guwagu birung ngubadi ngurang yalabi dayalung Ngayariba budyari gumada Darug nurawa, Yanaba mardingyila, badjidju wiyanga Bimul, gulbanga Ngurang Darug yura Yilabara nagbaywa.

Hello/Greetings. Wherever you have come from, we welcome you to Darug country. We honour our old one and their custodianship of this country, for they hold the Dreaming, the language, lore and the kinship of this country. We pay respects to our ancestors and elders, both past and present, as they are our knowledge holders. We also acknowledge those who will arrive in the future. May we all keep Darug culture alive, to continue our custodianship of our land and traditions. To bring good spirit to Darug country, we ask that you treated lightly respecting mother Earth, honouring the land of the Darug people now and into the future.

Source: www.pintrest.com

Parramatta is an important gathering place for Aboriginal people, both historically and today. The name of our City â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Parramatta, originates from the Aboriginal work Burramatta, meaning â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;where the eels lie downâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The profound significance of the Parramatta land and water to Aboriginal people must be recognised (City of Parramatta, 2017). Respectfully, as the Traditional Owners of the land, this report acknowledges the Darug peoples as First Australians, peoples of the oldest continuous living culture across the globe, and those past, present and future (City of Parramatta, 2017). The Darug people have nurtured the land and water here in Parramatta for over 60,000 years and are the traditional custodians of this land. Parramatta is honoured to recognise the enduring stewardship of Country by Aboriginal Australians (City of Parramatta, 2018).

THE CENTRAL RIVER CITY IS DIVERSE AND DIFFERENCES ARE CELEBRATED Here in Parramatta, cultural diversity is thriving. Over 140 languages are spoken and half of the community were born overseas. The rich cultural layers of the city are a strength and its people should be embraced. With a migration history in the area, this report acknowledges the contribution of all its people from many different backgrounds, as well as the impact they have on making the City a vibrant and enjoyable place to live, work and play (City of Parramatta, 2018).

Little Laners Guide Parramatta Lanes 2017 Source: www.parraparents.com.au

TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY

CONTEXT

DEMOGRAPHICS

SWOT

OUR VISION

KEY OBJECTIVES

THEMATIC OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

STRATEGIC OPTIONS

EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTION

FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN

ACTIONS

FSR, HEIGHTS AND BLOCK PATTERN

REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY

SUMMARY OF STRATEGIC PLAN

CHARACTER PRECINCTS

PRECEDENTS

NEIGHBOURHOOD CONNECTIVITY

CATALYST PROJECT

STREET CHARACTERSTICS

BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER

REFERENCES

BURRAMATTA PARRAMATTA CENTRAL RIVER CITY 10

PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT

This Strategic Plan provides a new vision for the Central River City. Focused on four themes; economy, land use and community, environment and open space, and transport, the Strategic Plan identifies objectives and actions to be delivered in three phases. Supported by best-practice, the Strategic Plan shares important precedents from other cities. This Strategic Plan considers sustainable growth, supported by amenity, culture and connectivity.

THE CENTRAL RIVER CITY’S STRATEGIC POSITION AND PLANNING CONTEXT

The Central River City is located 25km west of the East Harbour City and is situated geographically at the heart of metropolitan Sydney (City of Parramatta, 2017). The area includes: • Parramatta CBD: Recognised strategically at a state level. It is one of Australia’s fastest growing cities with a booming economy. • Westmead Health and Innovation Precinct: Largest concentration of health services in Australia. Offers world class health, education and research institutes. • Parramatta North Urban Transformation Precinct: A state significant project under control of Urban Growth. Adaptive reuse precinct characterised by heritage buildings with a rich history (City of Parramatta, 2017).

At a local level, the Central River City is legislated by the Planning Proposal for the Parramatta CBD (2016) and the Parramatta Local Environmental Plan (2011). Further, state legislation for the study area includes the Greater Sydney Commission Central City District Plan (2018), A Metropolis of Three Cities (2018), Greater Parramatta Interim Land Use and Infrastructure Implementation Plan (2017) and the Greater Parramatta & Olympic Peninsula (2016). The area

also includes a NSW Planning & Environment State Significant Project â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the Parramatta North Urban Transformation Precinct (PNUT). More broadly, Greater Parramatta is recognised strategically by all levels of Government given its potential, growth and location (Greater Sydney Commission, 2016). This report leverages this opportunity and acknowledges Greater Parramattaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s significance. 13

WHO ARE ITS PEOPLE? The population of the Central River City is young, diverse and educated. The population is growing at an unprecedented rate, with a 31% increase from 2011 to 2016 (Profile Id, 2018). The Central River City is accessible to other areas of strong population growth, with half of the Sydney population within 45 minutes by either car of public transport (City of Parramatta, 2017). The cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy is expanding with growth expected to nearly double by 2021 from 2.4% to 4.6% (City of Parramatta, 2017).

DEMOGRAPHICS

SKILLS AND RESOURCES

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

(Census, City of Parramatta, 2017). 15

SW OT 16

WHATâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S WORKING AND WHAT NEEDS IMPROVING

To assist with the development of this report a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis was undertaken to help inform the next steps. The maps visually share the findings with accompanying explanations to follow, by theme.

STRENGTHS ECONOMY

•There are a number of existing employment precincts within the Central River City that include including finance, health, professional services, justice services, retail, food and beverage, education and research. •A number of successful local centres are scattered along the periphery of the City. •There is $2 billion investment in Parramatta CBD, $1 billion investment in Westmead and $310 million investment in PNUT (City of Parramatta, 2017). •Parramatta City has the lowest commercial vacancy rate in NSW at 4.3% (City of Parramatta, 2017). •The Central River City will welcome an anticipated 10,700 students in Westmead and 10,000 students in Parramatta CBD (City of Parramatta, 2017).

LAND USE AND COMMUNITY

•Westmead as the future health, education and research precinct of Sydney provides an enhanced scope for development within and around the area. •The existence of community groups, students, investors, business and residents represents the diversity of the area as a place to live, work and play.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE •The area has existing biodiversity that needs to be protected. Parramatta Park has a protected bat colony of 16,000 bats. •Parramatta Park is centrally located and large open space at the heart of the Central River City. •The existing Parramatta River and Toongabbie Creek network provide multiple recreational and leisure opportunities. It also creates a unique identity for the area.

TRANSPORT

•The existing T1 Western Rail line provides good connectivity between Penrith to Sydney Central via Parramatta. •The existing bus network connects Parramatta and its neighbourhoods well. •Parramatta Light Rail (Stage 1) is to commence construction in 2019. •A single ferry service from Sydney harbour to Parramatta is well utilised by patrons. •Some legible pedestrian and active transport connections within the neighbouring suburbs are a strength.

WEAKNESSES ECONOMY

• Both Westmead and Parramatta have a lack of diverse consumer offerings for its workers, residents and visitors. • Negative perceptions of Parramatta, predominately with safety, continues to create a barrier for the city moving forward. • Low supply of commercial floor space in Westmead and Parramatta.

LAND USE AND COMMUNITY

• The low level of existing social infrastructure doesn’t support the current residential community or meet their expectations. • Existing community services are not fully accessible, most already at capacity. • The current quality of assets is of poor quality. Services are required to optimise their capacity to support the growing population at a metropolitan level. • The current health precinct at Westmead is isolated with no little to no activation or urban character.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE • The hot and dry climate of the area, away from the coast, creates barriers. As a result, the urban heat island effect creates significant negative impacts, also due to the hard, built environment. • Poor liveability in certain parts of the city due to inadequate streetscapes and lack of public domain is also evident. Some streets are not permeable or pedestrian friendly.

TRANSPORT • There is a lack of an integrated and frequent transport system within the entire Central River City. • Poor pedestrian and active transport accessibility is evident within the Parramatta CBD specifically.

OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMY

• The city has already observed a 27% increase in night time economy establishments and a 13% increase in night time economy employment since 2009 (City of Parramatta, 2017). • The visitor economy is an untapped opportunity with domestic visitors to Parramatta already increasing by 43% between 2011 to 2015 (City of Parramatta, 2017). Major projects such as the stadium, the Museum of Applied Arts and Science, Parramatta Square, the Metro, Civic Link and the River Square – will all have large, positive impacts on the visitor economy.

LAND USE AND COMMUNITY

• The vibrant character of Church Street provides a unique opportunity to leverage high-density mixed-use development. • Connectivity of activity centres with strong urban spines is essential. • The PNUT precinct embodies rich heritage character.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE • An increase in urban density will lead to an increase in demand and opportunity for accessible and good quality open spaces. This includes appropriate tree canopy cover and green corridors. • The Parramatta River Catchment Group have identified two sites along the river as potentially swimmable. • Toongabbie Creek is currently under-utilised. More parks and open space should be considered along this corridor. • Better integrating the land and water interface should also be explored.

TRANSPORT • There is an opportunity to connect the neighbouring urban areas via different modes of transport. • The announcement for a planned Westmead Metro station provides an opportunity to better connect WestMead with the south-west, Aerotropolis, Parkland City. • The Stage 2 Parramatta Light Rail route. 20

THREATS ECONOMY

• With substantial public and private investment, significant disruption to the city is expected with negative impacts expected for businesses and residents, including light rail. • The expansion of Westfield poses an imminent threat to a vibrant street life, particularly towards retail and food and beverage offerings. • High rent within the Parramatta CBD also creates tension between quality tenants and landlords.

LAND USE AND COMMUNITY

• Influenced by the pressure of growth is the risk of haphazard development which loses the potential for good urban design outcomes. • An increase in business and employment growth could supress the community. • An increase in commercial spaces may dominate the quality of public domain or community activity.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE • The area experiencing significant flooding. • The area is expected to suffer from heatwaves due to the north-west desert winds. • An increase in grey infrastructure may pose as a threat to the scenic quality of the area. • Westmead, being a health precinct needs to have access to clean air and low noise pollution.

OUR VISION River City will celebrate its “ Central unique experiences, its stories and

cultural vibrancy while accommodating the growing needs of metropolitan Sydney. The City will deliver integrated transport networks to connect people with places, plan complementary and diverse housing opportunities, be the centre for knowledge and innovation and create an accessible web of natural spaces

”

Our Vision for the Central River City is ambitious, understanding and exciting. Informed by the SWOT analysis, observations and evaluation at both a local and regional scale, the vision for the Central River City have been developed to guide objectives and actions for the City’s Strategic Plan.

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KEY OBJECTIVES

Source: www.sustainablesmarbusiness.com

THEMATIC OBJECTIVES

The thematic priority maps demonstrate the spatial distribution of the four thematic objectives. It is important to combine these maps, as the layers determine areas of conflict, focus and priority for the economy, environment, transport and land use.

OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY INNOVATIVE CITY

Objective 1: Nurture the city into a connected employment hub Objective 2: Grow a visitor economy Objective 3: Establish a strong commercial character

PEOPLE CENTERED CITY

Objective 5: Housing for all

Objecti Build u

Objective 6: Provide a city with people at its heart

Objecti Provide

Objective 7: Provide a livable city

Objecti Provide interact

Objective 4: Promote and strategically develop a night time economy

Performance Indicator: Increase in number of jobs Periodically tracking job targets.

Objecti Protect

Objecti Provide Performance Indicator: Increase in housing completion and periodically tracking housing targets. Increase in accessible community spaces within walking distance.

Strategy 1.1: Strategy 5.1: Provide a focus on the following sectors: Finance Provide diverse housing opportunity and insurance, public and government service, health and research, and education and training. Strategy 5.2: Provide accessible housing for all Strategy 2.1: Draw domestic and international visitors to the Strategy 6.1: City leveraging attractions such as Parramatta Establish a direction for major development Stadium, Parramatta Gaol, Riverside Theatres and the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences. Strategy 7.1: Provide quality lifestyle opportunities Strategy 3.1: Increase commercial and office space in Strategy 7.2: Parramatta and Westmead, specially A-grade. Provide accessible community places Strategy 4.1: provide small bars, live music events and restaurants along the spine of Church Street, Hawkesbury Road and Wigram Street. Provide quality lifestyle opportunities 28

Perform Increas implem Increas spine. Periodi

Strateg Activat enhanc

Strateg Suppor of exist

Strateg Providi

Strateg Incorpo

Strateg Ensurin green in

GREEN CITY

CONNECTED CITY

Objective 8: Build upon unique River City experience

Objective 13: Provide integrated city

Objective 9: Provide a Healthy City

Objective 14: Promote healthy lifestyle

Objective 10: Provide opportunities to encourage social interaction Objective 11: Protect the biodiversity Objective 12: Provide for a cool city center cally

within

Performance Indicator: Increase in tree canopy cover and green roof policy implementation Increase in active and passive activities on natural spine. Periodically tracking accessible open space targets

Performance Indicator: Increase in number of people using public transport Reduction of cars on streets

Strategy 8.1: Activate Parramatta river as the natural spine and enhancing its scenic beauty

Strategy 13.1: Provide accessible transport choices

Strategy 13.2: Strategy 9.1: Provide new regional connections Supporting active transport through the integration of existing open spaces into the built environment Strategy 14.1: Promote the use of public transport Strategy 10.1: Providing new local accessible pocket open spaces. Strategy 14.2: Provide opportunities for accessible active Strategy 11.1: transport Incorporating native flora into the urban forest Strategy 12.1: Ensuring balance between grey infrastructure and green infrastructure.

STR ATE GIC

STRATEGIC OPTIONS In the initial stages of developing the Central River Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Community Strategic Plan, two options were explored. Both options had different priorities, that ultimately delivered different results.

STRATEGIC OPTION 01 PHASE 01 (2018-23)

Night-time Economy Green Corridor Activated Land-Water Interface Activated Open Space Activated Heritage Buildings Medium Density Residential High Density Residential Medium Density Mixed-Use High Density Mixed-Use Economic Corridor Retail & Office Space Hospitality Community Services Recreational Services Heavy Rail Stop Metro Stop Light Rail Stop Ferry Stop Heavy Rail Route Ferry Route Smaller Ferry Route New Cycle Route Improved Cycle Route Bus Route Major Road Light Rail Route

ECONOMY

• The expansion of the commercial core of the Parramatta CBD is a focus of phase one. • Enable night time trading to create evening activity spines along Church Street, Hawkesbury Road and Wigram Street.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY

• Transform the strata housing adjacent to Parramatta Park to high, compact housing. This location encourages both student, hospital and temporary visitor accommodation. • The redevelopment of the Wentworthville Station Precinct is also prioritised. Alongside the development of the PNUT site with diverse housing options to support population. • Community facilities must complement the developing neighbourhoods.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE

• Parramatta Park is transformed to provide safe and direct through-site pedestrian links connecting Westmead and Parramatta. To activate the park, there will be community activities and temporary public art to attract people and make it a popular local destination for passive recreation. At night, pop-up markets & festivals are proposed to encourage better passive surveillance in the park. • New green corridors branch out of the park and integrate with the surrounding urban form. Green tree canopy through Westmead provides a pleasant walking and cycling experience.

TRANSPORT

• Construction of Light Rail (Stage 1) from Westmead to Carlingford is critical. • Improving pedestrian access and creating new active transport opportunities for cyclists within the Parramatta CBD. As well as, providing additional ferry services to the Eastern Harbour City to improve frequency. • Improving the frequency of buses from the neighbourhoods and increasing the number of train services from Parramatta to Liverpool via Fairfield ae both critical deliverables. 32

STRATEGIC OPTION 01 PHASE 02 (2023-33)

ECONOMY

• The redevelopment of the area immediately adjacent to Wentworthville Station creates a mixed-used precinct. • Parramatta Gaol becomes a tourist attraction to positively contribute to the visitor economy. Riverside Theatres is redeveloped and the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences is operational. • The night time economy corridor continues down Church Street towards auto alley and to the east along Parkes Street. A hotel cluster in both Westmead and Parramatta eventuates.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY

• Optimise density in the existing residential zones in North Parramatta. • Create strong urban spines of mixed-use along Church Street and Victoria Road. • Identify inadequate community services and highlighting areas for new infrastructure within a 500m radius takes place. Developing public focussed activities and encouraging community participation is key.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE

• Activating the land-water interface along Parramatta River for passive recreational use and protecting its aesthetics is explored. This also helps protect against flooding. • Stretching the urban tree canopy along Church Street to provide a shaded pedestrian street is a deliverable. As well as, enhance the green connection from Parramatta Park to Lake Parramatta, an already popular recreational destination, along the Parramatta River. • Identify vacant car parks in Parramatta and repurpose them as multi-functional green open spaces.

TRANSPORT

• Activate Church Street Spine and provide north-west connection from Norwest via Parramatta CBD to Merrylands via Light Rail. • Connect all neighbourhoods within City of Parramatta LGA boundary. • Implement Kayaking or Active water transport from the Parramatta Quay to Parramatta North heritage site. • Connect Parramatta to Olympic Park with Light Rail (Stage 2) service. 33

STRATEGIC OPTION 01 PHASE 03 (2033-43)

ECONOMY

• Commercial and retail expands north along the light rail route and east along Victoria Road, creating significant enterprise corridors in phase three. • The Coca-cola site transforms into a commercial hub. • An amusement park becomes part of the Aquatic Centre site to the north, adding diversity to the visitor economy. • Night time activity continues to grow, notable along Victoria Road. This option maximises economic opportunities focused on growing jobs.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY

• Maximise building heights for mixed use development along Church Street and Pennant Hills Road. • Create compact residential zones. • Maximise development of Church Street and urban spine.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE

• Activate Toongabbie creek and complete the green corridor along the central loop. • Provide quality public domain along Victoria Road. • Provide green public domain for the health precinct to protect pedestrians against the heat, lower the noise pollution and improve the air quality of the precinct.

TRANSPORT

• Create a light rail loop connecting all economic regions and socio-cultural regions within the Parramatta boundary from Westmead to Church Street via Parramatta Aquatic Centre, Auto Alley, Harris Park, Parramatta Quay, Victoria Road and Isabella Street. • Deliver the Westmead Metro station and service. • Connect Parramatta with nearest economic centres like Blacktown (Heavy Rail), Olympic park (Light Rail), Western Sydney park land city (Metro), Eastern Harbour City (Ferry) and Liverpool (Heavy Rail) with diverse and reliable transport options.

STRATEGIC OPTION 01

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STRATEGIC OPTION 02 PHASE 01 (2018-23)

ECONOMY

• Similar to option one, phase one in option two focuses on the expansion of the commercial core of the Parramatta CBD. • Enables night time trading to create evening activity spines along Church Street, Hawkesbury Road and Wigram Street. • From a visitor economy perspective, the new stadium to the north and the new aquatic centre to the south are complete and operating.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY

• Unlike option one, the full plot of strata housing is designated residential. • Large areas near Wentworthville and towards north of Toongabbie Creek are identified for the development. • Identify areas to improve the quality of existing community infrastructure

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE

• Similar to option 1 the objectives are to activate the park and create direct connections from Westmead to the current Parramatta CBD. • Activate the open space around Parramatta Quay and recognise it as one of the entry points to the Central River City. • Provide a multipurpose open space with high quality public domain next to Prince Alfred Square and Riverside Theatres, as a place to celebrate the Central River City.

TRANSPORT

STRATEGIC OPTION 02 PHASE 02 (2023-33)

ECONOMY

• Significant commercial and retail expansion in Parramatta, Westmead and Parramatta North. • The redevelopment of the area immediately adjacent to Wentworthville Station creates a mixed-used precinct defined by its high activity street level experience. • Parramatta Gaol becomes a tourist attraction to positively contribute to the visitor economy. Riverside Theatres is redeveloped and the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences operational. • The night time economy corridor continues down Church Street towards auto alley and to the east along Parkes Street. A hotel cluster in both Westmead and Parramatta eventuates.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY

• Church Street is characterised by high density and Victoria Road, as well as Pennant Hills Road are developed for medium density and Optimise density within the North Parramatta region. • Develop public focussed activities and encourage community participation.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE

• Improve water quality to provide a River Beach, a popular summer attraction, as an attractive destination for people of all ages. • Establish different experiences along the river such as ‘Historic Walk’, ‘Park Walk’ and “Market walk” to encourage pedestrian activity and create an iconic spine. • Provide a connection to Lake Parramatta and create a city of well-connected open spaces and identify and provide local neighbourhood and pocket parks in the residential and economic zones.

TRANSPORT

• Create a light rail loop connecting all economic regions and socio-cultural regions with in the city Parramatta boundary and Provide a north-south connection from Castle Hill via Parramatta CBD to Merrylands using Light Rail. Create an east-west light rail connection from Wentworthville to Harris Park via Parramatta Park. • Implement kayaking or active water transport from the Parramatta Quay to Parramatta North heritage site. • Connect Parramatta to Olympic Park with Light Rail (Stage 2) service. 37

STRATEGIC OPTION 02 PHASE 03 (2033-43)

ECONOMY

• Commercial and retail expands north along the light rail route and east along Victoria Road, creating significant enterprise corridors. • The Coca-cola site also transforms into a commercial hub. • Night time activity continues to grow, notable along Victoria Road. • This option is less-focused on jobs and highlights the need for residential redevelopment.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY

• Focus on river front high rise near the Parramatta River beyond Macarthur Street. • Area towards Constitution Hill is considered for high density in future to support the growing health precinct in Westmead.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE

• Provide a wild-life park adjacent to the Aquatic Centre to protect and educate the community about the native fauna of the area. It will also provide for a popular family destination.

TRANSPORT

• Deliver the Westmead Metro station and service. • Connect Macquarie Park and Olympic Park with Light Rail. • Connect Parramatta with nearest economic centres like Blacktown (Heavy Rail), Olympic park (Light Rail), Western Sydney park land city (Metro), Eastern Harbour City (Ferry) and Liverpool (Heavy Rail) with diverse and reliable transport options.

STRATEGIC OPTION 02

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EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS

Phasing Target Comparision

Inner Circle - Option 01 Outer Circle - Option 02

Strategic Option 1 & 2 - Priorities

The doughnut charts demonstrate the targets each option delivered from the perspective of each theme. There are three key differences between option one and two. Firstly, option one has a dedicated focus on providing jobs for the Central River City and maximises land for this purpose. Option two deliberately prioritises housing with a focus on affordable housing. Secondly, option one emphasises existing open and green spaces, embellishing connected natural corridors throughout the site area. Option two creates new and unique destinations that do not currently exist within the area. Lastly, from a transport perspective, option one focuses on north south connections from the site area to the Hills District and through to Liverpool. Option two however, highlights the need to further deliver east to west connections, while also delivering a connected light rail loop centred on the Central River City. Following the development of the strategic options, each is evaluated by both quantitative and quantitative measures. Each theme is characterised by key indicators as shown that are informed by the thematic objectives. 41

FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN

Ultimately, critically analysing the individual options led to developing an alternative option that incorporates elements of both. This was resolved to deliver the best outcomes for the Central River City and its people. The end product focuses on protecting land for employment, activating current open space that is inclusive, improved connectivity to the radial suburbs and diverse housing options

ACTIONS INNOVATIVE CITY Action 1.1.1: Develop a commercial and retail strategy for the study area that spatially maps industry clusters informed by future building stock, public domain conditions, connectivity and amenity. Action 1.1.2 Generate an investment attraction strategy that identifies gaps within the current market and key industry influences.

Action 5.1.1: Provide diversity of inclusive housing supply in identified strategic locations

Action 8 Provide as the H Action 6.1.1: Riverside Establish an Urban Spline & providing structure for new CBD and its d Action 7.1.1: All the services are within reach to live, work and live maintaining a unique character and identity

Action 2.1.1 Transform Parramatta Gaol into a hotel and tourist attraction as a catalyst project.

Action 7.2.1: Well-designed quality community spaces at city & neighbourhood level

Action 2.1.2 Create a visitor strategy that considers visitor attractions holistically and connects key destinations.

Action 7.2.2: Meeting the demands of the growing community by providing adequate community services and residential amenities

Action 3.1.1 Encourage best-practice architecture and design that is smart and functional Action 3.1.2 Continue to protect the commercial core for the Parramatta City Centre and develop a commercial core for Westmead. Action 3.1.3 Create a developer incentive program that encourages and targets A-grade office space Actin 4.1.1 Identify and nurture the character of each night time precinct by developing unique public domain guidelines for capital improvements as well as deliver distinctive smallscale activations and events. Action 4.1.2 Convert the Lancers Barracks into a cultural, arts and boutique dining precinct, that comes alive at night. Action 4.1.3 Develop and implement a night time economy grants program to encourage and enable businesses to operate in to the evening.

Action 8 Enhance therefore

Action 5.2.1: Maximise affordable and social housing outcomes

Action 1.1.3 Create an on-boarding program for new businesses that focusses on what the Central River City has to offer.

Action 2.1.3 Produce an international marketing campaign to attract visitors to the Central River City.

PEOPLE CENTERED CITY

Action 9 Improve encourag such as n character encourag

Action 9 Provide establish along the

Action 1 Identifyi pocket o socialize art and d

Action 1 Provide every 40

Action 1 Protectin Policy an scape

Action 1 Educatin up a biod

Action 1 Increasin Island Ef

Action 1 Protectin leveragin

fied

GREEN CITY Action 8.1.1: Enhance land water interface along Parramatta River and therefore establishing it as an active and iconic spine

Action 8.1.2 Provide Unique River side experiences inclusive of all ages, such as the Historic Walk, Park Walk, Commercial Walk, and Riverside Beach and provide a place to celebrate the River City ew CBD and its diversity

ial

Action 9.1.1 Improve the quality and safety of Parramatta Park and encouraging night time pedestrian activity by hosting activities such as night time pop-up markets and provide unique character to existing parks to attract people of all ages and encourage the use of parks. Action 9.1.2 Provide green connections between the existing parks to establish a web of open spaces and provide green corridors along the main street encouraging pedestrian activity

CONNECTED CITY Action 13.1.1: Establish bike and car sharing policies to activate live transport network Action 14.1.1: Increase the frequency of all modes of transport making it more accessible in less time Action 13.2.1: Connecting Neighbourhood and economic centres with central city district Action 14.2.1 Increasing Active transport infrastructure within Central river city Action 14.2.2: Promote bike and car sharing

Action 10.1.1 Identifying opportunity sites within the economic zones for pocket open spaces where people have the opportunity to socialize and relax. Providing opportunity for celebrating local art and diversity within these pocket parks. Action 10.1..2 Provide children friendly pocket parks in residential areas for every 400m catchment Action 11.1.1 Protecting the native/exotic flora through a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Tree Protectionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Policy and incorporate the native flora into the street tree scape Action 11.1.2 Educating the local community about the biodiversity by setting up a biodiversity educational park Action 12.1.1 Increasing the tree canopy cover to 40% to reduce Urban Heat Island Effect. Action 12.1.2 Protecting the Toongabbie Creek and Parramatta River and leveraging them to cool the city.

FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN PHASE 01 (2018-23) Student and visitor accommodation within in the health precinct; Encouraging river front mixed development so as to change the character of the river corridor

Night-time Economy Green Corridor Activated Land-Water Interface Activated Open Space Activated Heritage Buildings Medium Density Residential

Night time economy activities expand along the Church Street spine and areas within Harris Park and Westmead are prioritised for intervention

Implementing Active transport infrastructure

High Density Residential Medium Density Mixed-Use High Density Mixed-Use Economic Corridor Retail & Office Space

Activating Parramatta Park and Parramatta Quay

Hospitality Community Services Recreational Services Heavy Rail Stop

Light Rail Stop Ferry Stop Heavy Rail Route Ferry Route Smaller Ferry Route New Cycle Route Improved Cycle Route Bus Route Major Road

0.5 km

1 km

Light Rail Route

128,939 jobs 8,850 dwellings 73.3Ha

Transport

In phase one for the strategic plan, the key deliverables are: • Develop Parramatta Park into a green, safe and activated haven at the heart of the city. Direct connections are created to Westmead and Parramatta City. The quality of open space is improved and in particular traversing through the park at night is safe and pleasant. Events and markets held in the evening improve passive surveillance for the park and its surrounds. • Parramatta Quay is a key focus and the green corridor it connects to. The Quay is recognised as a gateway to the City. • More multi-purpose and dynamic open space is provided in the Prince Alfred Square and Riverside Theatre precinct. • The commercial core of Parramatta City expands to provide more jobs in public services and businesses and financial services. • Night time economy activities expand along Church Street and areas within Harris Park and Westmead are prioritised for intervention. • The new Parramatta Stadium and the Museum of Applied Arts and Science gives the visitor economy a significant boost attracting both local and regional visitors. • Lancers Barracks is converted into an art, cultural and dining precinct, becoming an excellent example of adaptive reuse. The precinct comes alive at night. • The construction of Light Rail (Stage 1) from Westmead to Carlingford is critical in phase one. • Improving pedestrian access and creating new active transport opportunities for cyclists within the Parramatta CBD is prioritised. • Additional ferry services to the Eastern Harbour City will improve frequency. • Improving the frequency of buses from the neighbourhoods and increasing the number of train services from Parramatta to Liverpool via Fairfield ae both critical deliverables. • The Parramatta Ways strategy is implemented. • Upgrade existing social housing and enhance existing community services. • Deliver temporary and visitor accommodation to support the emerging needs within the health and educational precinct. • Encourage mixed-use development along the river front changing the character of the river corridor. 47

FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN PHASE 02 (2023-33) Diverse neighbourhood in North Parramatta; enhancing heritage character around Harris Park and propose community centres covering every 500 m radius

An economic spine is created with jobs permeating to the south along auto alley and to the north trailing the light rail route.

Completion of light rail loop with in Parramatta CBD

Activating landwater interface and providing green corridor along Church Street

0.5 km

1000 km

302,290 jobs 47,350 dwellings 129Ha

Transport

In phase two for the strategic plan, the key deliverables are: • The water quality of Parramatta River is improved, allowing for a new River Beach to be integrated in to the existing riparian corridor. The River Beach is anticipated to be popular with all ages as an option to cool off in Summer. • The River and its corridor is a further focus, with different experiences such as the ‘Historic Walk’, ‘Park Walk’ and ‘Market walk’ developed to encourage pedestrian activity and create an iconic spine. • Connecting Lake Parramatta with the Parramatta City is key. • Providing local neighbourhood parks and open space continues to be a focus. Public art and cultural diversity will be integrated in to the design of these spaces. • An economic spine is created, with jobs permeating to the south and auto-alley as well as to the north up Church Street, trailing the new light rail corridor. Jobs also spread east along Victoria Road. • The lots between Hawkesbury Road and Park Avenue are converted into health and education offices. The former three storey walk-up apartment buildings are adapted to cater for specialist office space. • The distinctive Parramatta Gaol becomes a visitor destination as well as a unique hotel offering. • The new Aquatic and Leisure Centre is built at Mays Hill providing both formal and informal recreational opportunities. • A number of hotels and serviced apartments appear along the river, maximises its natural beauty. • Create a light rail loop connecting all economic regions and socio-cultural regions. • Provide a north-south connection from Castle Hill via Parramatta CBD to Merrylands using Light Rail. • Create an east-west light rail connection from Wentworthville to Harris Park via Parramatta Park. • Create a strong urban spine along Church Street reflecting the Central River City’s district character. • Deliver diverse urban neighbourhoods in North Parramatta and leverage development potential. This will provide a wide range of housing and community infrastructure for liveable communities. • Enhance the heritage character areas around Harris Park. • Promote high density residential living that modernises the sub-urban character. • Build multi-activity based community centres where needed to deliver a variety of activities and services under one roof.

FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN PHASE 03 (2033-43)

Vertical neighbourhoods promoting high rise and high density

Activating Toongabbie Creek & Providing Biodiversity Park

Large lots to the north, including the Coca-cola site at Northmead, are converted into commercial hubs

Connecting Parramatta CBD (Norwest to Westmead Metro line) with western Sydney Airport

0.5 km

1000 km

Transport

In phase two for the strategic plan, the key deliverables are: • A biodiversity park is built adjacent to the new Aquatic and Leisure Centre at Mays Hill. The park educates the community and protects local fauna and flora. • Toongabbie Creek is activated with connections to it improved. • Future light rail corridors consider and build green tracks to reduce grey infrastructure. • The large lots to the north of area, including the Coca Cola site at Northmead, are converted into commercial hubs. • The Harris Park dining precinct transforms and provides 24/7 activity coupled with diverse cultural experiences. • The Metro station and service is delivered. • Connect Parramatta with nearest economic centres like Blacktown (Heavy Rail), Olympic park (Light Rail), Western Sydney park land city (Metro), Eastern Harbour City (Ferry) and Liverpool (Heavy Rail) with diverse and reliable transport options. • Achieve growth targets by promoting high-density developments. • Vertical neighbourhoods and sustainable community approaches are to be emphasised

FLOOR SPACE RATIO MAP

HEIGHTS

BLOCK PATTERN

Proposed Block Pattern

Existing Block Pattern

Breaking the huge chunck of Westmead hospital precinct by proposing new road lanes across

Eliminating cul-de-sacs and proposing roads all around the built form for the ease of access and connectivity

Integrated greens through the built form increasing the permeability through the park towards health precinct

Merging smaller lots to form even lot sizes forming a perfect grid patterns

The changes in floor space ratio (FSR) and heights enables development to occur that is appropriate in scale. Buildings that interface with main pedestrian thoroughfares should not overwhelm the eyelevel experience for the consumers of that space. Away from the commercial, job-focused corridors, higher densities are permitted that accommodate larger residential populations. 53

REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY

At a regional level, there are a number of missing links that must be prioritised to ensure the Central River City is truly connected. To deliver on the 30-minute city target, a number of missing links must be delivered. This allows people to live close to a range of different jobs. Important connections identified include to the Western Sydney Aerotropolis, to the Hills District and the Carlingford to Epping extension. 54

SUMMARY OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN Existing 2016

BAU Projected 2046

Targets 2041

Difference between projections

Existing BAU projected 2046 Target 2041 450,000 400,000

165,295 Jobs

292,304 Jobs

416,036 Jobs

+123,732 Jobs

350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000

Economy

50,000 0

Economy

Existing BAU projected 2046 Target 2041 140,000

33,626 Dwellings

116,403 Dwellings

68,350 Dwellings

-48,053 Dwellings

120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000

Land Use & Housing

40,000 20,000 0

Land Use & Housing

Existing BAU projected 2046 Target 2041 18

17% Open Space

14 12 10 8 6

Environment & Open Space

4 2 0

Environment & Open Space Existing BAU projected 2046 Target 2041 140,000 120,000

195,066 Trips/Day

206,832 Trips/Day

275,000 Trips/Day

+68,168 Trips/Day

100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000

Transport

Comparing Business as usual with the aspirations of this Strategic Plan, it is important to note the following differences: • More jobs are needed and this strategic plan recognises the critical role the Central River City plays in providing commercial uses. The agglomeration of jobs in the east is unsustainable and protecting land for jobs in Parramatta is crucial. • To provide more jobs in the commercial core, less residential development should be permitted, resulting in a loss of projected residential development in the City. Residential development still plays a critical role in the orbiting suburbs that will be better connected to the City. • Open space provision remains the same, however there is a deliberate focus on quality over quantity. The Central River City has many natural assets that should be enhanced and woven together to deliver a better open space outcome. • To support the growth, additional frequency and number of transport services is required and will be provided to service the rising residential and worker populations.

2016 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; As existing

Retail & Office Space Hospitality Community Services Recreational Services

2041 Projected 57

CHARACTER OF PRECINCTS

The Central River City has distinct and unique precincts that serve different purposes. Job concentration is predominately in the commercial core and health and education district, while housing is clustered on the outer suburbs. Each of these precincts has its own aspirations and purpose that connects to the overall vision for the Central River City. 59

PRECEDENTS

It is important to consider best-practice and precedents that may help inform and shape the Central River City. A comprehensive precedent analysis was carried out to consider what international and national case studies are relevant to the Central River City.

ECONOMY

More broadly, The Philadelphia Innovation Precinct is the precedent that has informed the Central River City sector and job targets, characterised by health and education, public and government services as well as professional and financial services. The Philadelphia Innovation Precinct has a thriving economy with clusters of universities as well as health and research institutes driving precinctwide outcomes (Andes, Vey, Hacadorian and Katz, 2017). More specifically, other precedents include: • The Boston Liberty Hotel was transformed into a hotel and visitor destination in 2017. In prime location near the city centre and riddled with history, this example of adaptive reuse its applicable to Parramatta Gaol located to the north of the Central River City (Watkins, 2017). • The Edge building in Amsterdam is smart and functional. Awarded with the highest ¬BREAM sustainability score ever awarded (98.4%), the building also promotes collaboration, natural light and embraces technology (Randall, 2015). • The Gillman Barracks is tucked away from the hustle and bustle of the city, similar to that of Lancer Barracks in Parramatta. The former military base has repurposed its buildings to create a cluster of fine-grain art, cultural and dining uses (Singapore Tourism Board, 2018). • The Doncaster Hill Activity Centre developed an investment strategy in 2004 to grow jobs and residents over the next 20 years. The strategy is detailed with a range of actions and strategies. A similar long-term strategy is needed for the Central River City (Doncaster Hill, 2018). 62

Central River City: Parramatta Gaol Precedent: Boston Liberty Hotel, Boston

Central River City: Lancer Barracks Precedent: Gillman Barracks, Singapore

KEY PRECEDENT • Within the Central River City there is a strong link to the past, with heritage significance throughout the area. Two substantial items include Lancer Barracks and Parramatta Gaol. Neither are utilised to their full potential. • The Gillman Barracks in Singapore is a good example of a former military base repurposed into a cultural, arts and dining precinct that serves the city (Singapore Tourism Board, 2018). • A similar use is visioned for the Lancer Barracks which is centrally located and accessible via public transport. It connects the night life of Harris Park with the CBD. • Parramatta Gaol no longer serves its original function and sits dominant for most of the day. In Boston, a former gaol was transformed into a hotel to provide visitors with a unique offering that provides a snapshot in to the past. The Liberty Hotel has preserved much of the sites history and found a contemporary function (Watkins, 2017). Parramatta Gaol could also undergo renovations and become a unique place to stay in Greater Sydney.

LAND USE AND COMMUNITY

Five distinct housing concepts are incorporated to define the future residential character of the Central River City.

Proposed

Modular

Housing

Tower,

India

(Rosenfield, 2015) • An example of modern construction techniques establishing a level of uniqueness and flexibility for the inhabitants of a high-rise and Allows customization for future modifications as per changing needs. • Referred to as breathing tower as it has features like merged green elements and grey water system will also be implemented to collect and reuse rainwater for all the plants and balcony gardens.

Low-rise high density, Ivry-sur-seine, Paris, France (Anon., 2015)

• 1.3 hectares ,136 dwellings and one student unit,458 green spaces incorporating merged garden spaces with residential units. • Encourages small scale compact living with increased density. • The housing typology comprises of units of different sizes and types emphasizing multiple preferences.

Urban neighbourhood, OCT Xi’an International Centre (OXIC) in Xi’an, china (Fowler, 2017)

• Exploration of vertical urbanism creating a vibrant urban centre. • Office and residential towers, Boutique hotel, 64Retail and entertainment spaces, Ascending terraces,

outdoor retail spaces, pedestrian friendly design, vertical communities, roof top greens.

Vertical living and mixed typology, Mixed use vertical development, Abu Dhabi

(Lynch, 2017) • Contemporary living in a dynamic setting for future residents • Area :76000 sq.- seven mid-rise towers surrounding an active central plaza • 15000 sq. of retail, office, co-working and community spaces, with 480 residential apartment of varying sizes • tDiverse mix of residents and visitors, distinct spaces and roof decks, commercial spaces, residential units will feature large terraces on lower levels engaging community for creativity, learning and forward living.

Social and affordable housing, Social Housing Proposal in Taiwan (Walsh, 2018)

• Flexible housing defined by flexibility, the right balancing private and communal spaces, mixing housing types, connection with the environment and identity • Green canopy, variety of users, including students, young families, the elderly, or people with special needs. • Enforce affordable and low-income units in every mixed use and residential buildings.

KEY PRECEDENT • The green-lit mixed-use proposal is the main concept utilised to create a complex, diverse urban environment with a variety of uses. • The key elements include: • Heart of the city creating variant opportunities encouraging local ideas and local people. • WExisting buildings are re-purposed as pavilions, restaurants, a cafe, and two art galleries. The new elements will introduce residential accommodation, an industrial working yard, a craft brewery, a casting foundry, and a food quarter. Additionally, linear park runs along encouraging community interactions within the proximity of Station for both pedestrians and cyclists. Green rooftops offer a unique space for playing, pausing, and planting.

ENVIRONMENT AND OPEN SPACE

Iconic river city spine - Activating the Parramatta River Edge. Brisbane City.

The highlight of this project is that it is an age inclusive project. (City of Melbourne, 2010)

Protecting biodiversity - Educating the Community about the Biodiversity and protecting the native plant species at a Biodiversity Park – Lal Bagh, India.

The highlight of this project is that it is a popular biodiversity of heritage value in the heart of the city. “Nearly 1,854 species of plants are found in Lalbagh” (The Deputy Director of Horticulture (Gardens), n.d.).

Providing a Cool City Center by lowering the Urban Heat Island Effect by providing green roof policy – Hamburg Germany

The objectives of the project are to improve the quality, rather than the quantity, of open green city spaces in order to maintain the compact nature of the city. The goal is to plant a total of 100 hectares of green roof surface with plants and flowers in the metropolitan area by 2020, which is about double the size of Parramatta park (European Climate Adaptation , 2016)

Celebrating local art and diversity by providing opportunity for local art in identified pocket parks - Toronto The design included seating and garden areas along side streets, which added many new places to stop and rest along the street and increased the amount of pocket green space (Park People, 2016)

Protecting the city against flood – Sustainable Urban Drainage System in Copenhagen 66

The strategy includes adaptive measures against extreme rainfall by focusing on blue-green infrastructure (Technical & Environmental Administration, 2012)

KEY PRECEDENT Brisbane River is a good case study for Parramatta. Similar to Parramatta, Brisbane River connects different precincts such as Brisbane CBD, South Bank, Brisbane Botanical Garden and Fortitude Valley. The river is a popular family destination and provides inclusive experiences for all. The south bank precinct in particular is a famous tourist destination. The river provides multiple activity nodes, for example; man-made beach - Brisbane is not located next the shore, Rainforest Park - a quite destination in the middle of the city, and Riverside restaurants which is a popular breakfast destination. The land-water interface is designed for places to sit and relax and supports active transport. Locals use the place for active recreation. Aside from these, the river provides economic benefits such as boosting the visitor economy and provides opportunities for local businesses to thrive. Over all, the Brisbane River is the icon of Brisbane city, a place of social integration that provides environmental and economic benefits (City of Melbourne, 2010)

TRANSPORT

Healthy and Green City

Providing Sustainable and Eco-friendly ferry services. Solar Sailor was operated by Captain Cookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ferry services in Sydney during the 2000 Sydney Olympics. This solar boat functions with solar energy and batteries. As a backup, it worked with LPG which was considered as a most environment friendly design (Dane,2012)

Creating well connected active transport infrastructure

The well-connected pedestrian and bicycle lanes in New York improved mobility between the busy streets during peak hours. The active transport lanes connected with all possible transportation nodes with most of it has a bicycle hub next to it (CitiBikesNYC,2018).

Multiple Transport options

Operation of existing transport systems in a high frequency. The existing heavy rail lines are in good operational condition to run frequent services rather than spending millions of dollars in the new transport network.

Implementation of Rapid Bus Transport Systems to connect Parramatta CBD to neighboring Sub Urban Areas as a second mode of Transport Bus Rapid Transport System is one of the most successful around the world. The Metrobus in Mexico City started its operation in 2011 and delivers daily ridership of 123000 with just 3 lines (International Transport Forum, 2015).

Providing green light rail lines to reduce grey infrastructure.

The light rail plays an important role in connecting different neighborhoods and economic precedents with in the central river city. For an environmental reason the light rail runs with a green corridor to reduce urban heat. The Lyon Tramway is the one of the good example in creating the green corridors with in the city (Lyonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tramway, 2003) 68

NEIGHBOURHOOD CONNECTIVITY • The Neighbourhood connectivity map of Central River City shows the connectivity within the 12km radius. In the Multiple Transport option, the neighbourhoods are connected with the Central river city with at least two mode of transport. • The connectivity between Parramatta CBD to other economic centres will have be mass transport options such as heavy rail and metro. Same way, the connection between Parramatta CBD to other residential neighbourhoods will be options such as Light Rail. This supports the working community to connect frequently between the CBD and other economic centres or employment regions. • This map also shows the potential connection of various modes of transport which is a key design element in the strategic plan. The potential metro line continues to the wester Sydney Airport by connecting Fairfield Hospital. The potential connection of light rail to Carlingford and Epping, as well as another line to Olympic park and Strathfield light is needed. The frequency of heavy rail lines and ferry services will be increased according to the phases of development. 69

Source: www.humanfoosball.com

CATALYST PROJECT

The catalyst site is the heart of the Central River City. It is located where the urban and river corridor meet. This site embodies the four themes and their objectives collectively and in unison. Change here, inspires change elsewhere in the precinct as it cascades throughout the City. The catalyst site delivers mixed-use outcomes by providing jobs and housing. It provides quality public domain and green spaces. It is well connected and vibrant. 73

STREET CHARACTERSTICS

CHURCH STREET

ACTIVE COMMERCIAL STREET - PARRAMATTA SQUARE TO ALFRED PARK SQUARE (No Vehicular Access)

CHURCH STREET

HAWKSBURRY ROAD, WESTMEAD

PARRAMATTA NORTH HERITAGE SITE 75

BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER

The benefits of the approach and the interrelationship to the themes is identified and articulated in the diagram. Each theme reinforces the other and an integrated approach is adopted in this strategic plan to reap benefits of a holistic approach.

This strategic plan of the Central River City positively disrupts business as usual. The Central River City must work for Greater Sydney to work. The vision emphasises that to achieve this, a multi-dimensional planning approach is needed to ensure the City is a place to live, work and place, balancing the needs of many different people and communities.

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ALL CONTENTS ARE CREATED BY THE STUDENTS OF INTEGRATED URBANISM STUDIO The University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, Sydney, Australia