Portfolio 2021
Christine Chang
Adaptive Reuse Landscape Architecture Tangents
Christine Chang E D U C AT I O N Rhode Island School of Design Interior Architecture | Adaptive Reuse MDes 2021 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Landscape Architecture BLA 2019
C O N TA C T 949. 521. 2285 cchang07@risd.edu 84 Norwood Ave Cranston, RI 02905 christinechangportfolio.cargo.site
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
SKILLS
Van Atta Associates, INC.
Adobe Suite Hand Graphics AutoCAD Rhinoceros 3D Microsoft Word PowerPoint
Design Intern | Summer 2017
Creation of sheet sets, irrigation plans, planting plans and bloom charts. Review of arborist reports. Plant material research and powerpoint editing.
Communication Teamwork Individual Work Self-motivation Detail Work
WORK EXPERIENCE
AWA R D S + H O N O R S
Rhode Island School of Design
Award of Excellence IntAr Department, RISD Spring 2021
Thesis Prep Critic | 2021
Guest critic for graduate thesis preparation course. Graduate Fellow | 2019 - 2021
Designer of first IntAR Department yearbook. Designer and editor of the INTAR Department website, MA final studios “Saving Superman” and “Pell Bridge” websites, “Don’t You Sit Down” Exhibition site. Designer of course poster for “African Food and Culture Series”. Organization of select course materials and aid in deliverable clarifications. Lecturer on “Material Ethics, Aesthetics, and Symbolism” for undergraduate Building Materials course. Department Lab + Print Assistant | 2019 - 2021
Assisted peers in use of digital fabrication machines (laser cutter and CNC). Assistance in file set up. Maintenance of machines used. Changing plotter rolls when empty and troubleshooting printer issues. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo External Thesis Advisor + Critic | 2019 - 2020 Assisted student on concept clarity, visual and written communication of design intent, and aid in foundation of theory. Remote mid-review critic for three students.
Randy A. Ridless Scholarship IntAr Department, RISD Winter 2020 ASLA Honor Award Southern California Chapter 2019 Best Design Process LA Department, Cal Poly SLO Winter 2019 President’s List + Dean’s List Cal Poly SLO Select Quarters 2016 - 2019
A F F I L I AT I O N S ASLA Student Member March 2019 - Present MDes 2021 Student Representative 2019 - 2021
PORTFOLIO 2020
001 002
CONTENTS
Cohabitation Posthuman Ecologies
045
Overt: Decay as Intrinsic Urbanism
073
Movimento Intrecciato
085
Shattered Matrix
093
To the Moon
103
Artifacts
111 113
Anima Making of a Ruin
107
Representation
TANGENTS
Biotrophy
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
033
ADAPTIVE REUSE
005 019
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE 003 004
PART ONE
Biotrophy
Overt: Decay as Intrinsic Urbanism Movimento Intrecciato Mend
ADAPTIVE REUSE
Cohabitation
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE 005 006
PROJECT BRIEF
Cohabitation
How can architecture act as a vessel and contribute to the resiliency of natural systems? The adaptive reuse of the historic James A. Farley Buliding in New York City exemplifies how we may re-orient our relationship to nature within the city. The puncturing of the building improves internal porosity while an interior double facades creates a buffer zone for the many protected species of birds the site receives. The reuse of this site into a public nature lab facility speaks to how architecture may begin to soften the harsh conditions of city life both for humans and animals in order to adapt and become a space of cohabitation.
Rhode Island School of Design | Fall 2020
COHABITATION
The urban environment contributes to the fragmentation of natural habitats and physically showcases the animosity toward wildlife through overly-manicured environments, anti-bird spikes, and the overuse of glass facades.
007 008
context analysis + concept collages
009 010
011 012
013 014
015 016
017 018
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE 019 020
PROJECT BRIEF
Posthuman Ecologies
Modern architectural movements push us towards surroundings that create disconnect from our sensory relationship to matter and temporality. We must engage with the inevitable decay of the built environment to restore our neglected senses. Reconnecting architecture to local ecologies through adaptive reuse will introduce a true form of landscape urbanism through which architecture and nature become codependent, contributing equally to the human experience. The constructive disintegration of Philip Johnson’s List Art Building at Brown University in Providence, RI explores methods to repair sensory connections, restore environmental balance, and critically engages with architecture’s singular narrative of control throughout history. Catalyzing decay to break the building’s rigid geometry creates a more porous structure and fluid human experience, while micro-interventions allow nonhuman cultures to consume the building over time: reconstructing this monolithic Brutalist structure to reveal layers of history, cultures, and materiality. Rhode Island School of Design | Graduate Thesis | Spring 2021
COHABITATION
As we move further into the Anthropocene — an epoch of geologic time where human activity has caused significant impact on the planet’s natural systems — we can no longer ignore the environmental consequences of our actions. The artificial disconnect between humankind and wilderness has caused us to create built environments that reinforce a false separation from natural landscapes.
021 022
man’s relation to nature analysis, concept collage + model
023 024
DECONSTRUCTION / RECONSTRUCTION
REVEAL MATERIALITY breaking of old surface, breaking modernist grid
025 026
SEATING + LANDSCAPE broken down walls reused as landscape surfaces
TRANSPARENT CONCRETE pulverize old walls to be recast into transparent screen walls
REUSE AGGREGATE pulverized old walls recast into new walls that allow growth
PROGRESSION OF THRESHOLDS + MATERIALITY
OLD THRESHOLDS old thresholds maintained as swing doors
NEW OPENINGS rough openings to emphasize deconstruction
NEW THRESHOLDS new doors are bi-fold, sliding, or garage doors
methods of deconstruciton/reconstruciton + spatial typologies
NEW SURFACES new external cork insulation and existing form ties filled with moss plugs
029 030
DAYLIGHTING
WATER COLLECTION
opening of ceiling and south-facing surfaces to allow passive heating and daylighting
surface water allowed to enter water table with roof collection into cistern
RESTORATION
AIRFLOW
ground plane regraded to natural slope and planting beds added for succession over time.
northwest plantings redirect winter winds while southwest winds are channeled through the building
INSULATION PODS
ENERGY HARVEST
excess insulation area eliminated while additional external cork helps create more thermal comfort
PV panels harvest sunlight and is used to fuel mechanical ventilation when necessary
plans + environmental strategies
031 032
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE 033 034
PROJECT BRIEF
The George C. Arnold Building, located in Providence, Rhode Island, is a narrow strip of historic architecture within the heart of downtown. This three story, twelve foot wide building is predisposed to additions on the rear facade due to the vacancy created by an adjacent parking lot. Eight percent of Rhode Island’s blind population falls within the age of sixteen to twenty one. This co-housing project focuses on providing sensorial spaces for this population with spatial tools to help them adapt into a more independent lifestyle.
Rhode Island School of Design | Fall 2019
BIOTROPHY
Biotrophy is the relationship between parasite and host where the host is maintained and kept alive to feed the attached parasite. In turn, the internal systems react and change in order to support the needs of the parasite.
Washington St
Clemence St
Mathewson St
1/16” = 1’BLIND POPULATION RHODE ISLAND
AGE POPULATION PERCENTAGE
035 036
all ages 22k : 1.05m 2.1%
BLIND POPULATION BY AGE BRACKET
0-4 400 : 22k 1.8 %
5 - 15 500 : 22k 2.2 %
16 - 20 2k : 22k 8.5 %
21 - 64 10.5k : 22k 47.3 %
65 - 74 3.8k : 22k 17 %
75 + 5.1k : 22k 23 %
Wa s h i n g t o n S t r e e t
D e c i b e l s D( de Bc i)b e l s ( d B )
100
Wa s h i n g t o n S t r e e t
80 100 60 80 40 60 20 40 20
Location
N O RT H WA L L 8a 2p LL N O RT H 1WA
Location
2p 8p a 5
1 82 pp 2p 5p 8p
Wa s h i n g t o n S t r e e t
Wa s h i n g t o n S t r e e t
D e c i b e l s D( de Bc i)b e l s ( d B )
100 80 100 60 80 40 60 20 40 20
Location
S O U T H WA L L 8a 2p LL S O U T H 1WA 2p 8 5 ap 1p 2p 8 2p 5p 8p
context population + sound mapping
Location
EXISTING
DIVISON
SEPARATION
037 038
ADDITION
ATTACHMENT
GROWTH
GROWTH
039 040
Single
Couples
041 042
Shared
Family
043 044
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE 045 046
PROJECT BRIEF
Overt: Decay as Intrinsic Urbanism
Is it possible to adopt an interpretive and integral approach to processes of decay and an appreciation for urban mortality? This project uses intrinsic urbanism as a technique to view and engage overlooked qualities while reactivating sites. Three designed case studies focus on elements of derelict sites within the Bay Area of Northern California and allow for temporal qualities to tell the stories these places hold. The interventions emphasize the spaces to expose a beauty often undervalued through five typologies: highlight, represent, frame, adapt and contrast.
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo | Fall 2018 - Winter 2019
OVERT
Urban infrastructure evolves with people and culture, often leaving spaces and buildings to become less valued as new developments begin to replace them. These vacant and derelict sites are often seen in a negative vein: physical erosion and lack of intended use transforms them into dangerous spaces for illicit activities. However, these places contain unique material characteristics and spatial conditions that can activate them as sensorial spaces for discovery and reflection.
high
intrinsic urbanism viewing urbanism and reuse more holistically in order for spaces to serve more emotional and spiritual functions (Christine Chang)
gentrification
new infrastructure (Aaron Asis) peripheral space peripheral spaces should gain attention rather than neglect (Nan Ellin)
histo (Kevi
demolition (Aaron Asis)
adaptive reuse
‘otherness’ (Michel Foucault)
return to nature (Nan Ellin) procreative ability for matter to recover memories within different registers (Caitlin DeSilvey)
repugnance // attraction (Caitlin DeSilvey)
nostalgia (Tim Edensor) (Nane Ellin) (Kevin Lynch) tranquility (Aaron Asis)
047 048
search for flow + synthesis (Nan Ellin)
philosophical
dec
vapid urban environments (Robert Smithson)
h value social + cultural shift (Nan Ellin)
life span of building
controlled spaces (Nan Ellin)
oric waste in Lynch)
entropy process of structure into chaos; exemplified within film and literature (Nan Ellin) (Robert Smithson)
avoidance // dependence urban “wilds” become spaces we ignore yet need to function as a society (Kevin Lynch)
urban mortality artefact vs. ecofact cultural matter taking on explicitely ecologial functions (Caitlin DeSilvey) adventure (Tim Edensor) play (Kevin Lynch)
refuge (Kevin Lynch)
alternative forms of flow (Kevin Lynch)
freedom (Aaron Asis) physical
cay
theory mapping
discovery (Tim Edensor)
Light
Sound
049 050
Shadow
Scent
qualitative inventory
BAYSHORE ROUNDHOUSE
PORTOLA GREENHOUSES
AGNEWS INSANE ASYLUM 051 052
case study site histories
Existing 053 054
Proposed case study 1: bayshore roundhouse
Design interventions for the Bayshore Roundhouse highlight the past uses of the site and showcase the original building. Implementation of typologies contrasts textures and colors within the site to bring attention to material qualities that have been varying through time. This design offers rest areas for those working in the adjacent industrial buildings as well as a usable open space for nearby residential communities.
UDY
E X I ST I N G C O N D IT I O N
ROUNDHOUSE
PLAN
LAZZARI FUEL COMPANY
II
I
IV III II
III
VI
IV
I V 10
Indu stria
VI
y
l Wa
BAYPORT EXPRESS AIRPORT SHTL
0’ 5’ 10’
MA ST E R P LA N
TYPOLOGIES
condition open space
055 056 intervention acrylic tubing structure with
COMMERCIAL
location southern portion
20’
existing condition vacant space
intervention white walls with “brick”
location uncovered portion of
existing condition open space within tracks
intervention repurposed brick
location southern portion
COMMERCIAL
GOLDEN STATE LUMBER
PG&E POWER
I
y
l Wa
stria
Indu vd.
e Bl shor
Bay
SAN BRUNO MOUNTAIN STATE + COUNTY PARK
V
BAYLANDS SOIL PROCESSING
L RIA
. wy Pk
UST
Ca ny on
IND
Guada lupe
e. el Av Tunn
RESIDENTIAL
roundhouse plan + adjacencies planning
0’ 100’ 200’ 400’
existing intervention location unused open space acrylic tubing southern portion with existing rails structure with LED of roundhouse lighting
existing open space
057 058
existing vacant space within roundhouse
intervention acrylic tubes with LED lighting during evening hours
location along past rail line, east of roundhouse
intervention white walls with “brick” cutouts to frame views
location uncovered portion of roundhouse
existing open space within tracks
intervention repurposed brick into mulch
location southern portion of roundhouse
existing unused land
existing intervention unused open space white door
intervention grove of deciduous and evergreen trees
location northern and southern entrances into site
location between existing and past rail line, east of roundhouse
Existing 059 060
Proposed case study 2: portola greenhouses
1
7
2
3
4
6
5
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
7
9
12
13 14
15
15
5
16
10
11
The Garden District The Garden District of Sasn Francisco once consisted of nineteen family-owned nurseries run by seventeen different families. Winant 2 Ferrari Orchid 3 Gregoire 4 Gregoire 1
061 062
Granara 6 Ferrari Roses 7 Restani 8 Siri 5
Gemignani 10 Victoria Pardini 11 Victor Pardini 12 California Evergren 9
13
Olivera
14
DePaoli
University Mound 16 Somerset 17 Demilla and Parodi
15
17
Wayland St. 125
130
135
140
145
150
155
165
170
V VI
0
12
Hamilton St.
III
Bowdoin St.
set a rodi
17 5
180
16 0
RESIDEN
IV 5
II
11
I
110
Woolsey St. 0’ 5’ 10’
historic plot layout + master plan
20’
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE existing aged paving
063 064
intervention location cracked sidewalk site edges onto with painted edge adjacent streets
existing remnants of greenhouses
intervention location acrylic boxes with replacing delapidated aeration holes greenhouses
PART ONE
OVERT
existing empty greenhouses
intervention mirrored hanging boxes
location throughout greenhouses
existing empty greenhouses
intervention rope edging between ornamental and wildflower plantings
location ornamental flower clusters in petal-shaped berms
Existing 065 066
Proposed case study 3: agnews insane asylum
CISCO HQ Center Rd.
llo
bri
Ca
Cabrillo Rd.
. Rd + 19.2
Ea
+ 19.5
st A
AGNEWS WEST CAMPUS (current development)
nza
V
. Rd ee Lev
(current development)
0’ 10’ 25’
50’
700 067 068
master plan + indoor planting locations
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE
existing
intervention
location
vandalized courtyard
swings
southern courtyards
existing open space
069 070
intervention
location
wooden scaffolding
within past building area to recreate footprint
existing unused open space
existing open space
intervention concrete-cast indoor furniture
location past buildling footprint
intervention mannequins representing past programming
location throughout site
PART ONE
intervention
open space
paving with within footprints of repurposed smaller demolished building material building areas from demolished western campus
existing vacant church
intervention colored acrylic, mimics stained glass windows
location
location hanging within churches
existing empty floors with broken windows
intervention location indoor concrete throughout floors, planters with trees see Planting Axon to grow outwards from windows
OVERT
existing
existing
intervention
location
open space
glowing arches clustered throughout to represent lives as wayfinding devices lost on site
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE existing condition flood zone at entrance of building
071 072
intervention location painted half-letters to reflect southern entrance of when flooding occurs central building
PART ONE
OVERT
existing condition semi-demolished ceiling structure with hanging cords
intervention lights attached to ends of existing cords
location throughout floors 1 - 4 as a wayfinding device
PORTFOLIO 2020
ADAPTIVE REUSE 073 074
PROJECT BRIEF
Movimento Intrecciato
Users are taken through a spatial procession which showcases the main components of ancient Roman aqueduct systems. Beginning with a tunnel into the heart of the existing space, they are met with a grand opening in the center with glimpses of light trickling from the existing openings above. Visitors then travel through three floors of galleries along the arcade and reach a rooftop terrace. This rooftop garden represents the ancient watershed’s path through the aqueduct system, containing sculptures which provide cues to the location of major cities in relation to water system — visually connecting visitors back to the local context.
Re-use Italy International Design Competition | Summer 2020
MOVIMENTO INTRECCIATO
The ancient Roman aqueduct, Piscina Mirabilis, is a historic connection between the physical environment and cultural heritage through movement of water. Movimento Intrecciato is the moment of interconnection between the modern and ancient world.
source
tunnel
TUNNEL
075 076
inspection shafts
SHAFTS
settling tank
SETTLING
city distribution arcade
G TA N K
ARCADE
formal strategy. images provided by ReUse Italy
CITY
077 078
*rendering by team member, Rebecca Pepl
H
H Open Gallery 2
FLOOR IV
G
F
F Closed Gallery G Open Gallery 1
FLOOR II + III
A
E
C
D
B FLOOR I
079 080
A Reception B Conference C Offices
D Storage E Restrooms
Misenum Point Tirolle Pompeii
Balae
Posillipo Naples
Puteoli
Atella Acerra Nola
V i a P i sc i n a M i ra b i l
RO O F P L A N
SCIENTIF IC NAM E
1:250
F e rns
ROOF PLAN 1:250 I J
081 082
Sculpture Restaurant Bookstore
Eq u i se tu m fl u vi a ti l e Hym e n o ph yl l u m tu n b r i ge n se Sce ptr i d i u m m u l ti fi d u m
COMMON NAME Ri ve r Hor setail Tunbr i dge Fimly Fer n L e at he r y Moonwor t
Pe re nnial Angiospe rm s Ce ph a l a n th e ra l o n gi fo l i a
S wor d- Leaved Hellebo
Li l i u m b u l b i fe r u m L. su b sp. cro ce u m
F i r e L i ly
Ve ra tr u m a l b u m
W hi te Hellebore
Agro sti s ca ste l l a n a
Be ntgr ass
Al l i u m fl a vu m L. su b sp. fl a vu m
S mal l Yellow O nion
is
I
+345
J
o r i ne
A llium s ubhir s ut um L . s ubsp. su b h i r su tu m
H ai r y G ar l i c
C lema t is v it a lba
Tr ave l e r ’s J oy
F e s t uc a je a np e r t ii
F e scue
F e s t uc a ma r it ima
F e scue
H o lc us a nnuus
Ve l ve t G r ass
K o eler ia s ubc a uda t a
J une gr ass
L uz ula niv e a
S nowy Wood Rush
Molinia c a e r ulea s ubs p. ar u n d i n a ce a
Moor G r ass
N a r dus s t r ic t a
Matgr ass
Po ly g ona t um o do ra t um
S ol omon’s S e al
Tha lic t r um fla v um
Ye l l ow Me adow- Rue
*interior layouts by team member, Rebecca pepl
PORTFOLIO 2020
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
083 084
PART TWO
To the Moon
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Shattered Matrix
PORTFOLIO 2020
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
085 086
PROJECT BRIEF
Shattered Matrix Pan Pacific Park is a highly underutilized park within Los Angeles, California. The site sits below grade, creating an implied barrier between the site and its adjacent streets. Additionally, the edges that reach grade are physically walled off due to the backyards of local residences. This creates circulation and visual barriers between the site and its context, causing the site to feel unwelcoming and less used.
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo | Summer 2016
SHATTERED MATRIX
This project shatters Los Angeles’s well-known grid organization of the city to allow visual and physical connections between context and site. This “shattering” of the urban fabric will allow for a more provocative visual and spatial experience within the site by allowing it to remain below grade yet undulate in topography based on shattered pieces.
Dining Retail Recreation 087 088
Public Service (banks + post) Housing (single family home) Housing (apartments)
Entrances
Pedestrian Circulation
Vehicular Circulation
Views
Physical + Implied Walls
Sound Permeance
*adjacencies mapping data collection by Jerry Aldrich
Existing
at-grade sidewalk
089 090
Divide + Connect
path
bermed hillside
path
Shatter
berm
path
vegetation hill
USPS
S Gardner St.
The Grove Dr.
Beverly Blvd.
Holocaust Museum dog park (medium to large)
dog park (small)
linear skatepark ditch run
new residental connection terraced hillside basketball court baseball field (existing)
restrooms overlook seating parent seating playground (ages 9+) playground (ages 3-8) restrooms
W 3rd St
091 092
PORTFOLIO 2020
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
093 094
PROJECT BRIEF
To the Moon The AIDS Memorial Garden is an overlooked trail located within El Chorro Regional Park, in San Luis Obispo, California. The site is nestled behind the El Chorro Campgrounds, adjacent to the regional golf course, and is often overlooked by visitors.
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo | Fall 2016
TO THE MOON
This design brings a sense of place and identity to the neglected park through the phrase “love you to the moon and back”. The trail head guides visitors in with a light installation and mimics the crescendo and decrescendo of a portal as one travels through the earth’s atmosphere into space. The trail layout is designed with a series of constellations, each representative of positive traits held within the astrological symbols. Visitors are brought to sculptures throughout the site that include the names of those lost from HIV/AIDs within the county. A meadow of blue, purple, and white-casting native flora annually change to mirror the everchanging night sky.
095 096
Site Boundary
Riparian Corridor
Existing Trail
Vehicular Paths
Major Nodes
Scenic Views
Cassiopeia unrivaled beauty mother
Leo courageous vibrant
analysis + concept generation
Libra loving charming
Scorpio passionate charismatic
Ursa Major kinship direction
Pisces modest imaginative
PLANTING LEGEND TREES White Crepe Myr tle Lagerstroemia indica
Memorial Sculpture
Dairy Creek Golf Course
Catalina Fernleaf Ironwood Lyonothamnus floribundus var. asplenifolius MEADOW PERRENIALS Common Yarrow Achillium millefolium
Arroyo Lupine Lupinus albifrons
Big Sagebrush Artemesia tridentata
White Sage Salvia apiana
California Lilac Ceanothus spp.
Mexican Elderberry Sambucus mexicana
Andrews’ Bedstraw Galium andrewsii
Western Blue-Eyed Grass Sisyrichum bellum
Ursa Major Gathering Space
Aluminum Overhead Structure
Cassiopeia
Trail Head
093 098
Aries Scorpio
Libra
Pisces
Leo
Dairy Creek
099 100
entry and gathering space views
PORTFOLIO 2020
101 102
PART THREE
Representation Atmosphere Anima
Making of a Ruin
TANGENTS
Artifacts
PORTFOLIO 2021
TANGENTS 103 104
PART THREE
Artifacts Objects tell stories about their individual and collective narratives through texture, color, and physical age. Artifacts collected in three case study sites are preserved in floating acrylic displays to decontextualize them. Their sensory qualities allow the viewer to interpret an underlying narrative of the existing site.
ARTIFACT
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo | Winter 2019
105 106
PORTFOLIO 2020
TANGENTS 107 108
PART THREE
Representation Classical two-dimensional representation in architecture lacks intrinsic qualities of real, three-dimensional spaces. By using a retro ReelViewer, slides are created depicting journeys through the three case studies in Overt: Decay as Intrinsic Urbanism. Visitors are allowed to participate during presentations by viewing these scenes through the viewer. Light is able to pass through the image, creating depth while closing off peripheral vision so there is no contextual clutter. This allows the viewer to more accurately understand the mood and tone of the space being designed by eliminating the context of the presentation.
REPRESENTATION
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo | Winter 2019
109 110
PORTFOLIO 2020
TANGENTS 111 112
PROJECT BRIEF
Atmospheres This concept model exemplifies the varying densities within an atmosphere — from screen to solid. It embodies an amorphous entity that changes and transforms based on the viewer’s angle of perception and rotation of model.
ATMOSPHERE
Rhode Island School of Design | Fall 2019
PORTFOLIO 2020
TANGENTS 113 114
PART THREE
Making of a Ruin This is the result of a self-created, five-week course investigating the relationships humans have with architectural ruins. Through cataloging and studying existing ruins along with an observational decay study, it was found that humans project their ideologies onto unfinished architectural objects. A human’s Gestalt-inflected desires to cognitively map connections of incomplete forms — and viewing the whole before its individual parts — can surpass time moving both forwards and backwards in order for the individual to generate a narrative unknown. In this case, a typical cathedral layout was designed and then broken down into its most minimal, yet telling, components. The viewer is able to gain cues from the lancet windows and vaulted ceilings in order to mentally piece together the architecture.
MAKING OF A RUIN
Rhode Island School of Design | Winter 2021
Christine Chang cchang07@risd.edu 949 . 521. 2285