The National Zoo (Malay: Zoo Negara) is a zoo in Malaysia situated on 110 sections of land (45 ha) of area in Ulu Klang, close Taman Melawati, in northeast Kuala Lumpur. It was authoritatively opened on 14 November 1963 by the nation's first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman. The recreation center is overseen by a non-administrative association known as the Malaysian Zoological Society. For subsidizing, Zoo Negara depends on door accumulations and on backing from benefactors and supporters. Zoo Negara is home to 5137 creatures of 459 unique species. Throughout the years, the zoo has changed itself to an open idea zoo with more than 90% of its creatures kept in roomy shows with scene befitting its inclination. Zoo Negara got MS ISO 9001:2008 confirmation in July 2007, and is an individual from the South East Asian Zoos Association (SEAZA). The President and executive of the zoo is Y. Bhg. Dato' Ismail Hutson. There are numerous advancements that developed by Zoo Negara to enhance the living nature of creatures and the earth of the zoo. There are just the passageway and the organization office are still remain the pioneer building design style in the Zoo Negara. The Giant Panda Conservation and Exhibition Center was built amid year 2013. As the protection and presentation focus was fabricated, there are numerous structures and space expelled from the first place, which implies the past building had been evacuated. The progressions created by the development of the Giant Panda protection and display are new development for butterfly plant, relocation of open washroom, development of bamboo and set up an administration office for panda administration.
Area: 110 acres Date opened: 14 November 1963 Architect: Dato’ Kington Loo Style: Postmodernist Location: Zoo Negara, Hulu Kelang, 68000 Ampang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 3°12′35″N 101°45′28″E Awards: Tourism Gold Award 1988 ISO 9001:2008 (2007) Annual visitors: >1,000,000 Species exhibited: 459 Number of animals: 5137 Exhibits: 16
Giant Panda CC Butterfly Garden Amphibian World Hornbill Centre Reptile House Malaysian Elephants Lake Birds Bird Aviary Australian Plain Humboldt Penguin Children’s World Bear Complex Savannah Walk Hippopotamus Mammal Kingdom T Abdul Rahman Aquarium Cat Walk Ape Centre
Zoo Negara started life in 1957, when the Malayan Agri-Horticultural Association opened a miniature zoo. The idea of a zoo caught the public’s attention, and, with the zeal and spirit of independence still riding high, the idea gained much momentum. The federal government chose a spot in Ulu Klang, Selangor, which was located next to the border of the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur .
In the 1960s, Ulu Klang was an undeveloped green area, with jungle covering much of the area. When the then prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahman opened the zoo in 1963, the National Zoo, or Zoo Negara, was nicknamed the “Zoo in the Jungle” due to its site situation and context at the time.
Three years after the zoo opened its door, the millionth visitor was recorded on the 14th of February 1966.
In 1986, the zoo began recording over a million visitors per year.
The economic boom of the 1980s caused Ulu Klang to experience massive development, which large amounts of land zoned for residential buildings. Thus, the land value of the zoo skyrocketed.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, plans were made to move the zoo to other locations, but this was quickly shot down by both the government and public and seen as an attempt by developers to capitalize on the value of the zoo’s land.
Malaysia receives a pair of pandas from China. To accommodate this, Zoo Negara constructs a new pavilion specifically to house the pandas.
Kington Loo (1930-2013) was a Malaysian architect who reportedly was among a group of architects who brought modernism to Southeast Asia after World War II. Kington Loo was educated in architecture at the University of Melbourne, as there wasn’t a architecture course in Malaya at the time. He graduated in 1953, and joined the firm of Booty, Edwards & Partners (BEP). He eventually became one of the partners of the firm, and was responsible for many of the iconic early modern buildings in Malaysia. His work includes:
Chan, C. (1987). Post-merdeka architecture. [Kuala Lumpur]: Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia. Tay, L., & Ngiom,. (2000). 80 years of architecture in Malaysia (p. 87). Kuala Lumpur: PAM Publication. Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.malaysiasite.nl/zoonegara.htm Zoo Negara: A Journey through Time. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/journeythroughtime.pdf
Site analysis is a preliminary step that we as architects take in architectural or urban design processes which is dedicated to the climatic, geographical, historical, legal, and infrastructural context of a specific site. The secret of site analysis is to design a good relationship with the building and its site. Working with a building’s surrounding by hiding them, improving them, or even supporting them can lead to additional value to that area. As an architect, we must have the affinity to look beyond our building’s immediate site and to analyse what is there around in that could lead to a successful project. This elements can be permanent or not, in which is it intangible, issues that can be used to inform your architectural site analysis. In this case, we have chosen the National Zoo in Malaysia. An understanding of the site and its environment is an integral part of a building program and is a prerequisite for a good design, hence a study on the Zoo Negara to see if this elements were applied has been done.
Zoo Negara is a public building, hence there is no need for any hassle to acquire any permission to enter. Only cases of volunteer work is needed of this process. Parking is easy to find if you’re early but can get a bit congested during public holidays, currently there is only 600 parking available even with the extension of the Zoo Negara Aquarium.
Announcement has been made in July this year that a multi-level parking containing additional 2,000 parking bays will commence construction as soon as possible. This is likely due to the popular visits for the two new adopted pandas.
With the grand opening of the new panda’s in Zoo Negara, it has been relatively pack at the zoo. The new panda area is placed in a building that is air-condition. There is a ticketing booth before entry and a line to queue is required because it’s new and popular at the moment. There are tedious process to enter the building such as you are required to pick up a blank paper from the clerk before the booth, he or she will write a number on it before you are able to purchase the tickets, and therefore there is basically two lines to queue before entering. This is probably to count the amount of visitation it gets since opening. Viewers are allowed up to 15 minutes before the next batch comes in, and it’s in immediate intervals, so movement is pretty heavy at the entrance during peak hours.
In regards of the main entrance, Figure 1 refers to the expected crowd during public holidays, for on the day of our visit, there was school trips planned for children on that day as well. The style on entry system is similar to that of Genting Highlands Amusement Park and also Sunway Lagoon. It is systematic in a way they can monitor entry but because there is no essential line up for people to queue, a make shift line is needed to be made with guidance.
The Zoo Negara was once surrounded by thick forest in 1963. It was nicknamed the Zoo in the Jungle when it was open, for it was essentially built inside a jungle. However, through the years, development started in that area and now has houses built around the edges of its 110 acre land. It has lost its essence of the Zoo in the jungle but gain more population near its location. When development hit, controversy arose from the locals that were living around the zoo regarding issues of smell.
Government officials then consulted different development groups and came up with an idea to move the zoo somewhere else which caused a huge debate internally and publicly. There was no contingency on how buildings are to be built around the zoo of that time, hence this problem arose. What developer should have done was to put buffer spaces in between the zoo and residential areas. Good examples are to build a zoo in a park or build a park around the zoo, for example, Central Park (United States) and Ueno Park (Japan)
The climate in Malaysia is categorized as equatorial, which means it’s a tropical, hot and humid area. This is because Malaysia is surrounded by the Titiwangsa Mountains on the east and Indonesia’s Sumatra Island on the west. Malaysia has two seasons, dry and wet, however Malaysia can still experience to heavy rainfall anytime of the year. At Zoo Negara which is located 8 mile SouthEast from the heart of Kuala Lumpur is exposed to the dry and wet seasons of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur receives most of its rainfall from the monsoon period, September to April, and the least during the dry season, May to July.
Annual rainfall in Malaysia is on average of 2,266mm, during the wet seasons the rainfall per month can reach up to 12 inches and during the dry seasons it reaches till 4 inches. However, Zoo Negara is approximately 2000m above sea level and is heavily surrounded by the rainforest to its north-west region allowing it to have minimum flooding in its area. Even so, the Zoo Negara Lake (Tunku Abdul Rahman Lake) and also large man made ponds build in the enclosure for the animal’s acts as a reservoir to balance out heavy rains.
In spite of that, there are no signs of huge (main) draining in case of need of assistant when a flood has occurred in the area which can be seen as an improvement for the future.
Themalaysianinsider.com,. 'Zoo Negara To Build 2,000-Bay Car Park - The Malaysian Insider'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/citynews/greater-kl/article/zoonegara-to-build-2000-bay-car-park/zoo-negara-to-build-2000-bay-car-park Tripadvisor.com.my,. 'Long Way To Go For Zoo Negara To Reach World-Class Standard - Zoo Negara, Ampang Traveller Reviews - Tripadvisor'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. https://www.tripadvisor.com.my/ShowUserReviews-g1087671-d1595517-r232408147-Zoo_NegaraAmpang_Selangor.html Zoonegaramalaysia.my,. 'Welcome To Zoo Negara'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/journeythroughtime.pdf Voyage99.com,. 'Kuala Lumpur Weather - Kuala Lumpur Climate, Kuala Lumpur Weather Forecast'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.voyage99.com/tourist-attraction/kualalumpur/weather.html Worldweatheronline.com,. 'Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Weather Averages | Monthly Average High And Low Temperature | Average Precipitation And Rainfall Days | World Weather Online'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Kuala-Lumpur-weather-averages/KualaLumpur/MY.aspx Science Buzz Malaysia,. 'Science Buzz Malaysia - Displaying Items By Tag: Zoo Negara Malaysia'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://sciencebuzz.my/en/tag/Zoo-Negara-Malaysia
The National Zoo of Malaysia is in an amazing position. Once in a generation, a zoo is entrusted with the confidence of its community, the funds to carry out significant improvements and an exciting new vision and direction. Taking full advantage of this opportunity, the zoo is making changes that will not only improve the welfare of the animals in its charge but influence how zoo animals are managed around the world.
A master plan is a vision of the future zoo that guides its development and evolution over time. It narrates the story of the zoo's plans for the future. It describes the zoo's vision and goals, the purpose and intent for each facility, and includes a budget, sequence and timeline of construction projects that will bring the future vision to reality. This representation of the zoo's future is an essential tool to coordinate the development of the zoo's separate facilities into a coherent, effective and unique institution with a clear and recognizable theme and mission
In 1970, the National Zoo of Malaysia (Zoo Negara) was organized around a forested surrounding situated 8 miles from the KL city. Providing a gradual slope, visitors were gently led from the entrance towards the main attraction of the zoo for kids - the Children’s World. Forty-five years of episodic development, expansion, and modifications within a limited amount of space reshaped the Zoo Negara. Over the years as the zoo has expanded so has the number of visitors, providing an excellent venue for people, especially crowds to organize gathering, events, interactive interpretive opportunities and guest services.
There are two entrances in the Zoo Negara Campus, Entrance A is situated at the South whereas Entrance B is at the East. However, there is only one ticket counter which is located near Entrance A.
Electronic ticketing and membership cards are implemented to consolidate ticket sales and access control into one location to shorten wait times in ticket lines. Prominent zoo identity signage is installed facing the parking lot.
Furthermore, the entry plaza is gracious in scale to accommodate huge crowds, provide visitor services such as restrooms, food and retail, allow for emergency access, and facilitate wayfinding.
This plaza remains open for easy circulation and free of visual obstructions for the large numbers of visitors who are orienting themselves.
Spatial hierarchy refers to an ascending or descending order of significance of space, for instance major space vs. the minor; public space vs. the non-public; primary pedestrian path vs. secondary or auxiliary pedestrian paths.
As far as Zoo Negara is concerned, the sequence of significant spaces from public to private would be as follow: concert lawn for animal show > hubs/ plazas> pedestrian paths> animal exhibits > visitor services such as toilets, restaurants, education facilities and veterinary hospital.
Concert Lawn
Hubs/ Plazas
The National Zoo of Malaysia can be organized into zones, each one with a theme, the zoning of the zoo is thus extremely structured and well-planned.
Pedestrian Paths
Animal Exhibits
Visitor Services
Historically, zoos have been organized by taxonomy and geography and, recently, by climate zones. But in Zoo Negara, themes can be otherwise defined: for instance, animal colors and coat patterns, animal sounds, habitat strata, etc., as long as the selected theme is consistent.
There are 19 exhibits in Zoo Negara, such as Savannah Walk, the largest open concept exhibit in the zoo campus, is a home shared by a variety of African animals like Stable antelopes, Scimatar horned oryx, giraffes, ostriches, zebras and white rhinoceroses.
A good master planning of zoo will be able to promote effective stewardship of the natural world by bringing people close to living animals, applying and advancing conservation, science and education and setting standards and excellence in animal welfare and environmental responsibility.
As the winner of Tourism Gold Award 1988, the National Zoo of Malaysia attracts more than 1 million people a year. Visits to the Zoo Negara are enhanced by hubs which provide a multitude of places to gather, rest, and play, while meeting the needs of the visitor with restrooms and food facilities. Each hub space will encourage and engage visitors with interactive play and exploratory information, each in a different way. Focused on educational programming and services to help visitors learn about endangered animals and conservation, the West Hub contains the Giant Panda Conservation Centre.
To have a successful visitor experience, it is not enough to work at the level of each individual exhibit, but it is mandatory to organize visitor circulation for the whole zoo.
The new perimeter service road solves many current service access problems and allows construction vehicles to move around the site, eliminating most conflicts with, and providing a safer environment, for the visitors. Much of the new utility infrastructure loop will be installed in the service road to support all the bond projects and future master plan projects.
Emergency access is improved considerably with the addition of the service road, the raising of the train trestle for proper clearance underneath, and by widening and connecting the spine to provide through access for fire trucks and emergency vehicles.
The zoo tram is a beloved institution at the zoo, including both children and parents. The zoo is committed to improving the tram (tour bus) experience for guests and the new zoo route will allow visitor views into animal habitats rather than into the back of house areas, which is the current experience. The new route eliminates all pedestrian and vehicular track crossings for visitor safety, and allows fire truck access throughout the zoo under the trestles.
Zoos are conservation organizations which are uniquely placed to serve the need of conservation of species of wildlife, especially in a situation when wildlife and wilderness are under severe pressure and struggling for their survival in the natural habitats.
The zoological garden thus functions as a cultural showcase of animals and nature. The design is a consequence of human interpretations of the way in which the natural world should be perceived and presented.
Zoo Negara plan’s asymmetry and openness offers flexible space and adaptable usage, all spaces tend to flow together as part of one contiguous central space, reflecting a more casual and relaxed way of life. The best modernism architecture is efficient, generous usage of sun and shading are thus emphasized to enhance human comfort.
Modernism architecture is typically free of clutter and unnecessary elements, modern tastes enjoy simplicity and clarity. Modernism architecture emphasizes on angular forms and horizontal and vertical lines. Zoo Negara’s plan is clean, direct and simple, showing a unique Modern style with the sense of true Minimalism.
The National Zoo of Malaysia is the largest and most complex zoo in the country, its hierarchy can be extended to have several exhibit loops that begin and end at one distribution space (hub/plaza). This scheme provides structure to develop a different theme for each loop, with the distribution space as the transition from one theme to the other. The visitors can select the zones they wish to visit and the sequence of visitation depending on the time and energy they have, always encountering the visitor services and the exit in the distribution space.
Another positive aspect of this type of organization is that service circulation can be located on the periphery of the zoo, thereby minimizing the conflict of crossings with visitor circulation.
The overall goals of the zoo’s ongoing interpretive planning and design efforts are to provide integrated play-based learning opportunities, to help guests understand and appreciate
the zoo’s commitment to sustainable practices, and to create a more synergistic experience for guests across the entire campus. This positions the zoo itself – its environmental resources and stewardship of those resources, its husbandry and animal care practices, and its conservation programs – as an essential part of that experience.
BREM Barbara (2012) Zoo Walkways: The Path to Connecting with Nature. 21st Biennial Conference of IZE (International Zoo Educators). Conference Proceedings. Chester, England. COE, Jon C. (2012) Design and Architecture: Third Generation Conservation, Post-Immersion and Beyond. Presentation at the 2012 Future of Zoos Symposium. Buffalo, New York. COLLADOS, Gustavo, YANEZ Laura, HARRISON Bernard (2005) Visitor Circulation in Zoos. Paper presented at the 2nd Joint Conference of SEAZA and ARAZPA, 1-5 May 2005, Melbourne, Australia. Oregon zoo. (c2010). Importance of a Master Plan. Retrieved 12 November, 2015, from http://www.oregonzoo.org/discover/new-zoo/thanks-you-better-zoo/importance-master-plan Zoolex. (n.d.). ZooLex Zoo Design Organization. Retrieved 12 November, 2015, from http://www.zoolex.org/research.html
Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Zoo Negara Malaysia. Retrieved 12 November, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/exhibits.html
An architectural style is defined by the features that
make
a
building
or
other
structures
distinguished and historically recognizable. Certain elements such as form, method of construction, building materials, and regional character defines a particular style. Most architecture are classified as a chronology of styles which changes over time. This reflects change in technology, fashion, beliefs and religions, emergence of new ideas or materials which leads to the style in particular. Architectural styles will forever change gradually, due to the adaptation of new ideas and designs.
For Zoo Negara, the architectural style adopted was postmodernism. Postmodern architecture started off as an international style where some of the early works were dated back to the 1950s. It evolved from the modernist movement where ornaments and references from other periods were introduced back to the façade, replacing the then aggressively unornamented modern styles. What used to be bland, mundane and overly simplistic was now replaced by ornaments, colour and decoration. This contradicts modernism where minimalism and “Less is moreâ€? were celebrated. Postmodernism on the other hand seeks meaning and expression in the use of building techniques and forms. It uplifts the architecture as both functional
and artistic in nature.
Zoo Negara is one of the fine examples of postmodernism introduced to Malaysia, thanks to Dato’ Kington Loo, the architect of this project. From the entrance of Zoo Negara, to the ticketing counter and to the administration office, all three areas of the building have barrel vault ceilings (Figure 1), which were one of the significant architectural elements adapted from classical Roman examples as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1: Barrel vault ceilings.
Figure 2: Similarities between Roman barrel vaults and Zoo Negara’s barrel vault ceilings..
Another notable Roman architectural element adapted into the design of Zoo Negara is the rotunda. In this case, the administration office is the rotunda (Figure 3). This has made the floor plan of the office, the faรงade, stairs and fish pond circular in shape as seen in Figure 4 below. Figure 3: Rotunda-like administration building
Figure 4: Administration building interior
The rotunda itself is under a concrete dome, with a central opening (oculus) to the sky as seen in Figure 5. This design was also applied in the Pantheon (Figure 6). The oculus allows natural lighting to enter the building during the day, illuminating the interior spaces.
Putting aside these Roman architectural influences, the administration building itself uses materials such as glass, aluminium and reinforced concrete (Figure 6). This was how postmodernism was introduced through the design of Zoo Negara; having modern structures while incorporating traditional forms inspired by Roman
architecture, making it both functional and artistic.
Additionally, Zoo Negara was observed to have no local influences such as high pitched roofs, structures built on stilts, nor were they built of hardwood. Hence, it can be said that the postmodernism style adopted was solely influenced by modern buildings as in the west.
รง
Chan, C. (1987). Post-merdeka architecture. [Kuala Lumpur]: Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia. Encyclopedia Britannica,. (2015). rotunda | architecture. Retrieved 8 November 2015, from http://global.britannica.com/technology/rotunda-architecture Tay, L., & Ngiom,. (2000). 80 years of architecture in Malaysia (p. 87). Kuala Lumpur: PAM Publication. Tourism.gov.my,. (2015). Architecture | Tourism Malaysia. Retrieved 6 November 2015, from http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/us/about-malaysia/culture-n-heritage/architecture
There are numerous advancements that developed by Zoo Negara to enhance the living nature of creatures and the earth of the zoo. There are just the passageway and the organization office are still remain the pioneer building design style in the Zoo Negara. The Giant Panda Conservation and Exhibition Center was built amid year 2013. As the protection and presentation focus was fabricated, there are numerous structures and space expelled from the first place, which implies the past building had been evacuated. The progressions created by the development of the Giant Panda protection and display are new development for butterfly plant, relocation of open washroom, development of bamboo and set up an administration office for panda administration.
Zoo Negara utilized bond solid deck, tile deck and block flooring for the floor framework to accomplish the capacity as establishment on the ground to bolster the live load and dead load that exchanged by segments and bearing dividers. The technique for laying bond solid deck on ground floor of a building can be comprehensively separated in the accompanying steps. (i) Preparation of sub-base: The earth filling in plinth is combined completely in order to guarantee that no free pockets are left in the entire region. A 10 to 15 cm. thick layer of clean coarse sand is then spread over the entire territory. The sand layer a solidified and dressed to the required level and incline.
Cement Concrete Floor is usually utilized both as a part of private and in addition open structures.
(ii) Laying of base cement: The base cement utilized under floors may be bond solid or lime cement laid to a thickness shifting from 75 to 10 cm. If there should be an occurrence of bond cement, the blend generally utilized is 1:5:10 (1 concrete: 5 sand: 10 stone or over blazed block totals 40 mm. ostensible size). Lime concrete, if utilized, ought to be made up out of 40 mm. ostensible size stone/over blazed block total and 40% mortar containing 1 lime : 2 sand/surkhi or 1 lime : 1 surkhi/powder : 1 sand. The base solid layer is stored over the entire zone, altogether lighted and leveled to an unpleasant surface.
(iii) Laying the fixing: At the point when the base solid layer has completely set and solidified, its surface is altogether cleaned and the whole region is partitioned into rectangular or square boards by utilization of 4 mm, thick glass strips or 5mm, thick plain asbestos strips. The measure of board is fundamentally administered by the area of floor (uncovered or indoor), temperature and other climatic conditions, thickness of fixing and extents of fixings in solid blend. And so on. By and large, the zone of one such board ought not ideally be more than 2 sq. m. The surface of base cement ought to be made soggy and connected with a layer of slick bond slurry preceding laying the fixing. The harsh completed surface of base cement covered with concrete slurry guarantees sufficient bond between the base and the garnish. The bond solid garnish, ordinarily comprising of 1:2:4 (1 concrete: 2 sand: 4 stone total) is then laid in required thickness in one operation in the boards. The solid is spread equally by utilizing a straight edge and the surface is altogether packed and drifted with wooden folates till the cream of the mortar comes at top. The surface is then smoothened lastly wrapped up by method for steel trowels. On the off chance that glass or plain asbestos strips are not required, the boards are framed by utilization of wooden or point iron secures. The boards ought to have profundity identical to that of solid garnish. The surface of the strips which is to interact with cement, is covered with crude linseed oil before cementing. Concrete for the garnish is then laid in substitute boards and completed as depicted previously. The boards utilized for shaping boards are uprooted following day and the garnish cement laid in the substitute boards.
In the event that the bond solid ground surface is to be laid over R.C.C. section, it is common to permit the chunk cement to solidify and afterward lay the ground surface. Before laying, the chunk top is cleaned of all earth, dust, free particles, mortar droppings and flotsam and jetsam and so forth and the deck laid as portrayed under the sub-head 'laying of fixing' above. To keep the propensity of division of the. bond solid deck from the R.C.C. section, a 20 mm. thick padding layer of lime mortar (1 lime : 2 sand/surkhi or/lime : 1 surkhi/sand) or 50 to 75 mm. thick lime cement is some of the time gave between the R.C.C. piece and the bond solid ground surface. On the off chance that the working conditions allow, the ground surface can likewise be laid solidly over the R.C.C. chunk while the section cement is still green. For this situation, the chunk cement is roughened with wire brushes in order to guarantee a decent bond between the base and the ground surface layer. Before laying of deck, the section surface is cleaned and a layer of concrete slurry is connected over it. For this situation, any incline required for the floor is given in auxiliary solid itself. The ground surface ought to be cured for 10 days before use.
Advantages of Cement Concrete Flooring Non-absorbent and very useful for water stores Durable Smooth, pleasing in appearance Economical Easily maintained clean
Disadvantages of Cement Concrete Flooring Cannot be rectified Cannot be satisfactorily repaired by patch work
The wide-spine segments are developed to exchange the building burdens to the establishment. The segment that conveys the heap down to establishment must load without overemphasizing the establishment materials. .
The segments on top of solid establishment is fabricated by strengthened cement and the steel segment must have a base plate to spread the heap over a bigger range and in this manner diminish the bearing weight by settled on a solid establishment
Numerous built dividers in the Zoo Negara are delegated burden bearing divider. Burden bearing divider means can't be taken in haphazardly or the building will crumple as the building burden has no backings be exchanged. There are 3 sorts of divider can be found in the Zoo Negara, which are the Masonry divider, Dry Wall and Bricks divider.
Masonry wall is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can likewise allude to the units themselves. The regular materials of workmanship development are block, building stone such as marble, rock, travertine, and limestone, cast stone, solid square, glass piece, and cob. Brick work is for the most part an exceedingly tough type of development. Nonetheless, the materials utilized, the nature of the mortar and workmanship, and the example in which the units are amassed can essentially influence the solidness of the general brick work development.
Advantages
Disadvantages
•The utilization of material, for example, blocks and stones can expand the warm mass of a building and can shield the building from flame.
•Extreme climate, in specific situations, can bring about corruption of stone work divider surfaces because of ice harm.
•Most sorts of brick work regularly won't require painting thus can give a structure decreased life-cycle costs. •Masonry is non-ignitable item. •Masonry dividers are more impervious to shots, for example, flotsam and jetsam from typhoons or tornadoes. •Masonry structures manufactured in pressure ideally with lime mortar can have a valuable existence of over 500 years when contrasted with 30 to 100 for structures of steel or fortified cement.
•Masonry has a tendency to be overwhelming and must be based upon an in number establishment, for example, fortified cement, to abstain from settling and splitting. •Other than solid, workmanship development does not loan itself well to motorization, and requires more gifted work than stick-encircling. •Masonry comprises of free segments and has a low resilience to wavering when contrasted with different materials, for example, fortified solid, plastic
•Bricks are flame opposing material
Drywall (otherwise called plasterboard, wallboard, gypsum board) is a board made of gypsum mortar squeezed between two thick sheets of paper. It is utilized to make inside dividers and roofs. Drywall development got to be predominant as a speedier distinct option for customary strip and mortar. Advantages • Fast, relatively simple & clean to install • Light, good fire insulation • Addition of mineral fiber can improve the sound and thermal insulation properties • Susceptible to water damage and mold
Blocks intended for the development of block dividers can likewise be alluded to as packed earth squares, or CEBs. As the name infers, blocks are made by packing a sort of earth, for example, shale or mud. The real state of the block can be created in two distinct ways: the delicate strategy and the firm mud process. The delicate system is the point at which the earth is packed into a structure. The other method for molding block is the solid mud process, where the earth is pushed through the structure and after that slice to the coveted size. In any case, the block should be capably compacted. The more a block is packed, the more it adds to the strength of the last block divider. A block that has been very packed will retain less water and can be utilized as a part of open air applications where the block divider is presented to rain and other climate conditions.
Block dividers are produced using packed earth and, in this manner, are defenseless to water ingestion. At the point when blocks ingest water, they break down more rapidly than different materials that don't retain as much water, for example, dividers or precast solid fencing. Also, constructing block dividers can be extremely tedious and costly in light of the fact that every block must be mortared and put by hand. Block dividers have long been generally utilized as a part of ranges of both living arrangement and industry. While they can be very excellent, there are some damaging hindrances connected with block dividers. For best in class options, visit our precast fencing items page. Advantages • Strong and durable • Low maintenance • Thermal performance
There are a few sorts of the rooftop built on the passage, ticket counter, and organization office and nourishment court. The rooftop encircling of the barrel rooftop we can see through on the grounds that the rooftop is developed by straightforward glass and we can see there are a littler structure rooftop on the barrel rooftop.
The structure rooftop has multi surface with development of glass. Rooftop that built in Zoo Negara are all contained the component of bend or outlined in circle.
Toughened or treated glass is a kind of wellbeing glass handled by controlled warm or compound medications to build its quality contrasted and typical glass. Treating puts the external surfaces into pressure and the inward surfaces into strain. Such anxieties cause the glass, when broken, to disintegrate into little granular pieces as opposed to fragmenting into spiked shards as fortified glass (otherwise known as: toughened glass) makes. The granular lumps are more averse to bring about damage. As a consequence of its security and quality, toughened glass is utilized as a part of an assortment of requesting applications, including vehicle windows, shower entryways, engineering glass entryways and tables, fridge plate, versatile screen defenders, as a segment of impenetrable, for plunging veils, and different sorts of plates and cookware.
In metallurgy, stainless steel, otherwise called inox steel or inox from French "inoxydable", is a steel amalgam with at least 10.5% chromium content by mass. Stainless steel does not promptly consume, rust or stain with water as standard steel does. Be that as it may, it is not completely stain-evidence in lowoxygen, high-saltiness, or poor air-flow situations. There are distinctive evaluations and surface completions of stainless steel to suit the environment the combination must persevere. Stainless steel is utilized where both the properties of steel and consumption are required. Stainless steel contrasts from carbon steel by the measure of chromium present. Unprotected carbon steel rusts promptly when presented to air and dampness.
Cement is a composite material made out of total fortified together with a liquid concrete which solidifies after some time. Most utilization of the expression "solid" alludes to Portland bond solid or to cements made with other water powered concretes, such asciment fondu. In any case, street surfaces are additionally a sort of concrete, "asphaltic cement", where the bond material is bitumen. In Portland bond concrete (and other pressure driven bond cements), when the total is combined with the dry bond and water, they frame a liquid mass that is effectively formed into shape. The concrete responds synthetically with the water and different fixings to frame a hard lattice which ties every one of the materials together into a tough stone-like material that has numerous employments.
Polycarbonates (PC) are a gathering of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate bunches in their synthetic structures. Polycarbonates utilized as a part of building are solid, extreme materials, and a few evaluations are optically straightforward. They are effectively worked, formed, and thermoformed. On account of these properties, polycarbonates find numerous applications. Polycarbonates don't have an one of a kind Resin ID code (RIC) and are distinguished as "Other", 7 on the RIC. Items produced using polycarbonate can contain the antecedent monomer biphenyl A (BPAPolycarbonates got their name in light of the fact that they are polymers containing carbonate bunches (–O– (C=O)–O–). A parity of valuable components including temperature resistance, sway resistance and optical properties position polycarbonates between merchandise plastics and designing plastics.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Most limestone is composed of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forms and mollusks. Limestone makes up about 10% of the total volume of all sedimentary rocks. The solubility of limestone in water and weak acid solutions leads to karst landscapes, in which water erodes the limestone over thousands to millions of years. Most cave systems are through limestone bedrock. Limestone has numerous uses: as a building material, as aggregate for the base of roads, as white pigment or filler in products such as toothpaste or paints, and as a chemical feedstock.
Ceramic tiles have quickly become one of the most popular types of materials used in a home but often time’s home owners don’t understand exactly what they are. Ceramic tile is made up of sand, natural products, and clays and once it has been molded into shape they are then fired in a kiln. When making ceramic tiles they can either be glazed or unglazed, but the majority of homeowners have glazed ceramic tiles in their home. With their increasing popularity, there are hundreds of different designs of ceramic tiles.
Welcome to Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/ Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.com/index.php?page=Dolphiny:ShoppingPage&companycode=MY Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.malaysiasite.nl/zoonegara.htm
A building cannot exist by its own. Just like a living machine, a building is nothing more than a sum of its parts. Each element and component likewise is incapable of being independent, and must rely on other pieces to be relevant. Though small and inconsequential it may appear to be, architectural elements and components are vital for the effectiveness and totality of a building. As a postmodern design, Zoo Negara features equally postmodern elements and components. It features a variety of influences from a myriad of sources, and its elements and components certainly reflect that. From Roman vaults and skylights to modern flat roofs, this building certainly has its own unique identity.
Curtain walls are not structural elements; they do not carry any structural loads. As such, they can be built out of materials that otherwise would compromise structural integrity. Zoo Negara here employs glass curtain walls for its administration office building, which along with its unique curvilinear roof, creates an inviting atmosphere.
This curtain wall is composed of tempered laminated glass in a framework of steel beams. Along with the large overhanging roof, the tempered laminated glass greatly limits the solar gain of the building.
Columns of the building most evident and distinct on the administrative building. These are load bearing reinforced-concrete columns, and are used to hold up the roof. The inverted triangle shape of the concrete columns are a postmodern element; it injects some movement and dynamicism into the design.
Turnstiles, also known as baffle gates, restrict access to one person at a time. This is useful for crowd control, as the zoo requires to check the credentials of each and every visitor systematically. Full height turnstiles reach up to the ceiling, and thus restrict the bodily movement of the visitor.
Half height turnstiles are employed at the entrance of the zoo, and are used to "check-in" the visitor by manual inspection. Just as a typical turnstile, it restricts the circulation to an individual at a time. There are more half height turnstiles than full height ones, as it is deemed more people enter the zoo simultaneously than they do exiting.
These are used on the administrative building, and its laminated tempered glass composition allows it to blend seamlessly into the glass curtain wall facade. Despite it being made of tempered glass, it is laminated to both reduce solar gain as well as to provide a degree of privacy.
Staircases allow verticle movement between floors. As such it is at a gentle incline to facilitate the ascent and descent of its users. At Zoo Negara, staircases only exist on administrative building, bridging the ground and first floor both within and outside the building. Following the design aesthetic, the staircase is curved following the building facade.
The swooping, curvilinear form of the administration building roof is of concrete and polycarbonate construction. The transparent polycarbonate roofing is framed by a cast concrete structure, and is further reinforced with a rubber cladding to avoid erosion. This beautiful curved form of the roof by consequence creates a barrel vault beneath it.
This tensile membrane structure, and as such does not feature any compression or bending. The parabolic form of the roof is created by the tension, or stretching of the PTFE-coated fibreglass membrane by steel rods and cables. As the tension fabric roof is coated with PTFE, it is waterproof, and capable of withstanding the tropical climate of Malaysia. Due to its tensile nature, the roof creates and elegant, flowing organic form, of which invokes a welcoming aura to visitors.
A monopitch roof is a single sloping roof surface, and is pitched at an angle (i.e. not entirely flat). This design is required due to the tropical rainforest climate of the country, and is needed to effectively divert the large amount of water flow, reduce ponding and increase the longevity of the building. From the perspective of a visitor, the roof is pitched upwards and towards him, and it creates a sense of welcome as well as a focal point among the vast complex.
This glass conical roof serves as the skylight, and creatively caps the curvilinear design of the building. As it is in the shape of a cone, it allows sunlight to enter from all 360 degrees, and creates a focus in its interaction of light and shadow within the interior, somewhat akin to the Oculus on the Pantheon in Rome. It is capped with an air ventilator to circulate the internal climate.
Skylights are glass apertures on the roof of buildings that let light in. Here, it is used in the roof of the administrative building. There exists similarities between this and the Oculus of the Pantheon in Rome. Regardless, the skylight creates a focal point which further accentuates the form of the interior. Located directly beneath the skylight is a bust of the zoo's founder.
Vaults are created as a result of the curvilinear form of the roof. These vaults exist in several places of the zoo, but are most distinctive at the administrative building, where the tall vaults terminate a glass and steel arched framework. These vaults create a juxtaposition of both authority and tenderness.
The flooring of the zoo is done with two materials: terrazzo and ceramic. Both are course, offering good grip, preventing slippage regardless of condition. These floors are also very low maintenance, and thus is suitable for large quantities of human traffic everyday.
Lighting is essential for any building. Whether if it is dark or just to create emphasis, artificial lighting is a powerful tool for controlling a building's circulation. Lights can be used from the most basic like lighting up dark places, to creating a point of interest, and is even used as an indication of whether or not the place is a public or private space. Zoo Negara's operating hours are from 9AM to 5PM, so these lighting solutions aren't used as much as other public buildings with evening activities. However, lighting still remains essential for the zoo's staff.
Spotlights are used to light only a specific point, and are generally high powered. These can be used to highlight certain places, emphasize details or just to light up the surrounding area.
At Zoo Negara, to produce an area light, spotlights are pointed upwards towards a curved surface, which then projects the now diffused and scattered light unto the surrounding area. Area lighting is used to light up a large space.
Chan, C. (1987). Post-merdeka architecture. [Kuala Lumpur]: Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia. Tay, L., & Ngiom,. (2000). 80 years of architecture in Malaysia (p. 87). Kuala Lumpur: PAM Publication. Basic Theories of Tensile Fabric Architecture - Architen Landrell. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.architen.com/articles/basic-theories-of-tensile-membrane-architecture/ Concrete Floor Information. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/interiorfloors Fare Collection in the Subway. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Fare_Collection_in_the_Subway Monopitch roof construction. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://myrooff.com/monopitch-roof/ Welcome to Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/
The overall experience was rejuvenating, to revisit something we hold dear as memories of our youth with intention to learn more of its purpose, character and surroundings. Having the chance to be visually observant towards Zoo Negara has improve our affinity on details. Having said that, studying on intentions not just by the architect but by its very founders of Zoo Negara has enlighten us towards the affects it will play not just then but now in the future and its desired effects it will placed on the people.