STUDIO AIR 2016, SEMESTER 2, Christopher Ferris #3 Chen Chaoming Design Journal
Table of Co
INTRODU
PART A. CONCEPTUALISATION
PART B. CRITE
A.1 Design Futuring
B.1 Rese
A.2 Design Computation
B.2 Case
A.3 Composition/Generation
B.3 Case
A.4 Conclusion
B.4 Technique
A.5 Learning Outcomes
B.5 Techniqu
A.6 Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
B.6 Techniq
A.7 Bibliography
B.7 Learning Objec
B.8 Appendix - Al
ontents`
UCTION
ERIA DESIGN
PART C. Detailed Design
earch Field
C.1 Design Concept
e Study 1.0
C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes
e Study 2.0
C.3 Final Detail Model
e: Development
ue: Prototypes
que: Proposal
ctives and Outcomes
lgorithmic Sketches
C.4 Learning Objectives and Outcomes C.5 Bibliography
INTRO H
ello my name is Chaoming or you can just call me Anna instead. I am currently a third year architecture student in The University of Melbourne, major in ARCHITECTURE. I was born and grew up in the fascinating, rapid developing country – China, as many international students do. Both my parents are professional engineer in civil domain, who probably gave birth to my passion of architecture during my childhood as they intentionally brought me sightseeing around the various places of China.
DUCTION However, what might make me a little bit different from others and pursue me to a career in architecture field is the experience before starting my undergraduate degree. As the first place I have selected to study abroad, Singapore amazed me by its modernized and massive city environments. After one year foundation, I decided to step into the realm of Green building and sustainability as my diploma course. During the three years life in Singapore, different types of computer skill in software such as Revit, Autocad, Ecotect have been trained as well as gaining lots of theoretical knowledge of building sustainable design. Besides, I have also involved in various parttime jobs in my spare time as well as a worth mentioning half year internship in Honeywell Pte Ltd as a project manager assistant. Through those working experience, I was getting increasingly keened in architecture related design and starting realized that more practical design exercises were the things I lacked and looked forward.
The University of Melbourne thereupon became the next stop for me to continue exploring my career path in architecture. In the past year, I have been able to tackle various types of design project such as the pavilion design in Design Environments and Studio Earth, as well as abstract topic of sleeping pod in Digital Design and Fabrication. All the exercises helped me gained deeper understanding in architectural design about materiality, functionality and aesthetic performance. Fortunately, Studio Air is going to lead us to explore a new field of parametric design although my modelling skill in Rhino and grasshopper is still in a foundation level. But I am indeed looking forward to examine rather organic forms and unusual geometries with these computational design tools.
// Designing Environments // Studio Earth // Digital Design & Fabrication
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CONCEPTUALISATION
PART A.
CONCEPTUALISATION 9
CONCEPT ULISATION
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CONCEPTUALISATION
A.1 DESIGN FUTURING CONCEPTUALISATION 11
CORNWALL GARDEN
- Case Study one
Chang Architects // 2014 // Singapore
As Tony Fry mentioned in his book, one of the tasks that ‘design futuring’ has to confront against current environmental backdrop is ‘redirecting towards far more sustainable modes of planetary habitation’1. Conventionally, residential project is using solid wall structure to enclose the private area as well as defining its interior and exterior spaces. Differently, this precedent of residential landed house suggested another innovative definition of good class living in tropics, in the physical and spiritual sense – by living with and constantly in touch with nature. Not only taking into consideration of local climate and site resources, this project succeeded in response to the broader context of gathering plants and water bodies as part of the overall planning for the purposes of passive cooling as well as general wellness of the environment.
To residents, this project relooks at ways of enhancing the joy of tropical living, of enlivening communal living in a contemporary, tropical setting, where family members reside in a home of interconnected social spaces. To environment, the architecture demonstrates great cooperation between nature and manmade in terms of material used. Salvaged materials and objects from the old house form part of the new house’s schedule of finishes, and recycled wood were used for floorings and cabinetries. In person, I will rate the project as ‘a tropical paradise’ which demonstrates the future possibilities of designing a residential habitation with sustainable approaches, also serving differing needs and aspirations in a contemporary urban setting.
image source: http://www.archello.com/en/project/cornwall-gardens
1. Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg, 2008), p. 1-16.
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CONCEPTUALISATION 13
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‘ECODUCT’ tHE BORKELD - Case Study Two Zwarts & Jansma Architects // 2005 // Netherland
As we know, wildlife animals take an important role as part of the ecosystem, but they are the one suffered the hugest impact from the aggressive and insatiable human activities as well. Aiming to help balancing and restoring out ecosystem, keep protecting the stable growth of nature life and minimizing the deconstruction of our mother nature are essential in current stage. Considering confronting our nemesis of ‘defuturing condition of unsustainability’, the bridge known as ’Ecoduct’ could be the response in the way of architecture1. The Borkeld is functioned as a wildlife overpass which designed for wildlife animals to get across highway A1 in the National Park called ‘Veluwe’. image source: http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread. php?t=1468140&page=52 https://au.pinterest.com/pin/378443174914082641/
Through the project, the architect made their effort to help animals regain their natural habitat which irrupted by human being, and also intended to make the intervention for human to be as discreet as possible where the span of bridge was designed without a central pillar to create a calm image for drivers on the highway. Gradually, the idea of building such ecoduct bridge spreads around the country of Netherland. Such a precedent provides insight to how architecture can instigate change of the world and remind people to consider more of the lives surrounded. In addition, the design strategy of composing natural ecology into man-made ecology paves the way of rescuing current distressing situation and should be highly encouraged for further dissemination.
1. Tony Fry, ‘Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice’ (Oxford: Berg, 2008), p. 1-16.
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A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION CONCEPTUALISATION 17
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Research Pavilion- Case 2013-14 Study one ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart // 2014 // Germany As through the contemporary computational design strategy and technology, the project ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 has been created and demonstrated the architectural potential of novel design, simulation and fabrication processes. According to Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, the development of digital architectural design should be accommodated by “emerge in the intersection between science, technology, design and architectural culture”1. As the project showing here, the project was planned and constructed within a multi-disciplinary team of biologist, palaeontologists, architects and engineers. image source: http://www.archdaily.com/522408/icd-itke-researchpavilion-2015-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart
The project is focused on a parallel bottom-up design strategy with the help of novel robotic fabrication method to form the fibre reinforced polymer structures. In total 36 individual elements were fabricated, whose geometries are based on structural principles abstracted from the beetle elytra. Each of them has an individual fiber layout which results in a material efficient load-bearing system. Through the development of computational design and simulation tools, both the robotic fabrication characteristics and the abstracted biomimetic principles could be simultaneously integrated in the design process. Nowadays, without the help of various computational design strategies, such complex geometries are impossible to be conceivable and achievable. In conclusion, the pavilion precedent demonstrated the possibility of synthesis between material, form and robotic fabrication through computational strategies which can lead to the innovative generation of architectural design. Simultaneously, the tectonic feasibilities of architecture are also widened with the assistance of multidisciplinary research approach.
1. Rivka and Robert Oxman, ‘Theories of the Digital in Architecture’ (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp.1–10.
CONCEPTUALISATION 19
BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM - Case Study Two Herzog & de Meuron, ArupSport // 2007 // China
The stunning landmark building of Beijing National Stadium located at the south of the centrepiece Olympic Green and staged the 2008 Olympic Games with a gross volume of three million cubic metres which was considered to be the world’s largest enclosed space and steel structure. Better known as the Bird’s Nest, the most impressive part of the project must be the unwrapped steel frame which functioned for aesthetic purpose but also the entirely structure. If just simply using traditional methods through countless calculations and drafting on the paper, this kind of feasible structure would neither be designed nor built, hence the computational design strategies took a very important place at this stage. image source: http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_ stadium/ http://w w w.detail - online.com/inspiration/national stadium-in-beijing-103349.html
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Besides, the engineering and construction of building are also heavily depended on computational design or parametric design. As an Olympic venue, there were many standards and requirements laid down which asked high level computational techniques and simulation tools to work out. For example, Computational fluid dynamics (CDF) simulation based on the Games-time situation has been used to calculate the temperature and airflow speed at each angle of the structure and optimise all ventilation facilities accordingly. As the era of rapid development of computational architecture, people are always trying to utilize various types of tools to examine more possibility while conceiving projects. On the other hand, it also gives impetus to people design better and more potent tools to take advantage in projects. Nowadays, the generative, computational design movement becomes an essential part in architectural design, as well as enhancing our ability to evolve the built environment.
CONCEPTUALISATION 21
A.3
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3 COMPOSITION /GENERATION CONCEPTUALISATION 23
THE ESPLANADE - THEATRE ON THE BAY - Case Study One DP Architects, Russell Johnson // 2002 // Singapore
The eye-catching building in Singapore is a world-class performing arts centre made up of two rounded frames fitted with over 7,000 triangle glass sunshades. Locals have dubbed them “the Durian”, as the twin structures resemble the spiky tropical fruit that is unique to this part of the world. As Peters said in the ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, ‘the development of computational simulation tools can create more responsive designs, allowing architects to explore new design options and to analyse architectural decisions during the design process’1.
image source: https://w w w.esplanade.com/about-us/architectureand-building-design
This is a project occurred quite early in the modernist period which showing how the revolution in computational programs and the advancement in design from computerisation to computation. Such computer aided tool gave architects and engineers the ability to model buildings with simulating different solution to determine the best performance based on the analysis. However, to regulate and experiment various parameters to generate solutions, architect acquire adequate experience and knowledge of mastering the algorithmic design. A specific parameter example in this case is the adjustment of sun exposure level made to the shading system which the angles of ‘spikes’ should be defined accurately to made the building envelope efficient enough as well as ensuring the interior comfort level, what is all credited to the use of such computation generative approach during design process.
1. Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, (Architectural Design, 83, 2, 2013) pp. 08-15.
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CONCEPTUALISATION 25
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - Case Study Two Foster & Partners, Brady Peters // 2007 // Washington DC
With the continuous development of computational design technologies and tools, the algorithmic thinking paves the way for architects to explore various design possibilities in different parts of the architecture such as the case showing in terms of roof construction. The structure consists of large span grid with varying nodes of height, which produced construction issues to the design team. Hence, a single computer program was written by one of the architect in the design team to generate the geometry of the roof. The computer code was used to explore design options and was constantly modified throughout the design process. It was also used to generate the final geometry and additional information needed to analyse structural and acoustic performance, to visualise the space, and to create fabrication data for physical models.
In this instant, computational design tool allows the architect to experiment different fabricated solutions on the digital model through modulating algorithmic script to ensure the accuracy during the design process. Considering the generative design critically, I start to wonder whether is the computational tool might make the architect or the design team over rely on them hence causing inconceivable design through process. Thus the architectural shift from composition to generation must be intertwined progressively as a steady evolution.
image source: h t t p : // w w w. f o s t e r a n d p a r t n e r s . c o m / p r o j e c t s / smithsonian-institution/
CONCEPTUALISATION 27
The first part of studio air is about the idea of conceptualization which aimed to lay the foundation stone for the following parametric design processes. In the Design Futuring (a1) session, the topic is trying to point out our direction as an architectural designer, taking the consideration of building up our future design through sustainable approaches. In order to make my argument more convincing and comprehensive, I usually selected to analyse two precedent projects either form sharp contrast between or existing in different situations. As the cases I have selected in a1, the Cornwall Garden is to be a sustainable residential habitation while the Ecoduct is more focusing on the protection and restoration of ecosystem. Secondly, the Computational Design (a2) introduces the process of the computational evolution, as well as how it engaging into the design process. To discuss the benefits of the involvement of computational strategies, the case of ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion is talking about the exploration of materiality and robotic fabrication through computation, whereas the Beijing National Stadium utilized the computational technology in the structure and analytical calculation aspects.
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Get into the last chapter of Part A: Composition & Generation (a3), I started off looking into how architecture makes response to the shift from composition to generative design. There are various aspects that the generative design could be involved in such as the building performance of the Esplanade, and the structure construction analysis of the Smithsonian Institution. In response to the design brief of virtual museum, honestly there is no much preconceived idea in my mind as this is such an innovative and abstract theme to me. However, through the entire three weeks study, I would love to explore more in the field of creating a dynamic and fluent experience to the visitors by designing and programing with the parametric tools, as well as associating with sustainable design approaches. But considering it critically, the design of its rationality and functionality might become a rising problem to such a challenging project. I think the virtual architecture must become a popular future trend in the market and to become more proficient about the parametric design skill is essential to form integration between different fields, which I will keep on putting effort to it.
A
A.4 CONCLUSION
CONCEPTUALISATION 29
So far, besides gaining theoretical knowledge through every lecture and reading literature, the precedent study with specific topics became an eye-opener to help me gain deeper understanding of different architectural design approaches, as well as their significances to our built environment. And sharing the research tasks during the studio time is another impressive experience for me to exchange and absorb others’ opinion which could also become a resource of inspiration from. Furthermore, through the few weeks of practicing on the Rhino integrated with Grasshopper, the most enjoyable thing is these completely new and foreign design tools gradually reveal the charisma of parametric design to me. Not only my computational skill on software has been enhanced, my logical thinking was being experimenting and building up as well.
Viewing back to the past design project of my ‘Sleeping pod’ in the subject of Digital design and Fabrication, few points are founded with potential to be further improved. In terms of geometric form, grasshopper could be a potent tool in varying the shape became more dynamic and threatening instead of such pure sphere geometry as the original one. To the aspect of materiality, the original ivory card seems a little monotonous. With the help of various digital fabrication technologies, more types of materials could be experimented to provide more feasibility for conduction and fulfilment of design concept. I believe that the Part A paved the way for the following algorithmic-based design and ignited my passion of confronting more design tasks in the further.
A.
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.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES CONCEPTUALISATION 31
A.6 A 32
CONCEPTUALISATION
Appendix Algorithmic Sketches CONCEPTUALISATION 33
01 Lofting Parametric Vase
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CONCEPTUALISATION
Z Vector - Point - Circle - Radius - Surface - Loft I created the location and size of my vase’s base circle frames straight from grasshopper. Number sliders are connected to the vector and circle’s radius to control the positioning and size of each circles. After these, the ‘loft’ command is used to multi-connect the circles sequentially as well as the bottom circle is added a surface command to create the bottom of vase. Hence, 5 variations of vases are created by changing the radius and moving ‘z’ vector of each circle.
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02 VORONOI + POPULATE
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Populate 3D / Populate Geometry - Voronoi 3D - List Item - Index Inspired by the online tutorials. I experiment the Voronoi 3D command together with the populate 3D / populate Geo command to set the geometry. The images are showing the result from sphere and box with some parts of block deleted. One slider is connected to give value of point number within the box. Then, ‘list item’ command is used to check every voronoi block created by each point through sliding the index number. After baking, I randomly deleted some blocks to create different cut-out solid.
CONCEPTUALISATION 37
03 curve menu Point / Curve / Surface
Curve
Surf
Point
Point- Curve - Divide Curve - Arc SED -
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face
Curve
Point
- Loft - Divide Length - Flip Matrix - Interpolate
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04 TRANSFORMATION menu Point / Curve / Surface
Point
Curve
Surfac
Curve - Divide Curve - Loft
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ace
Curve
Point
t - Contour - Move - Unit X
CONCEPTUALISATION 41
Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, (Architectural Design, 83, 2, 2013) pp. 08-15. Rivka and Robert Oxman, ‘Theories of the Digital in Architecture’ (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp.1–10. Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg, 2008), p. 1-16.
A.7 B
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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CRITERIA DESIGN
PART B.
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B.1 RESEARCH FIELD CRITERIA DESIGN
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tESSELLATION In a general term, tessellation of a surface is an approach of applying repetitive geometrical elements to define the whole, without leaving overlaps or gaps in between. In the field of architecture, tessellations have been used to create decorative elements since ancient time which was known as mosaic tiling. However, with the emergence of the digital design and fabrication movement, tessellation starts to be embedded into various complex forms for not only the purpose of decoration, but also integrating or performing as the structure system. Hence, during the contemporary era, both architects and engineers keen to explore the unlimited potential of this research field as well as enhancing its existing performance. image source: http://www.iwamotoscott.com/VOUSSOIR-SHELL
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Compare to the similar research field of ‘patterning’, tessellation demonstrates more possibilities of three-dimensional, dynamic and functional design. This field could also be further analysed in our part c task as I intended to design a decorative structure for the interior space of visual museum through tessellated approaches, as well as through utilizing the arrangement of panelization to direct visitors during the journey. In terms of fabrication process of tessellated project, I found that various types of material could be implemented with different assembling approaches. Moreover, as the ‘virtual’ concept took an very important role in the project, such tessellated structure has high potential to be fabricated in reality for demonstration purpose, as well as further developed in form within the virtual scene.
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B.2 CASE STUDY ONE CRITERIA DESIGN
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VOUSSOIR - CLOUD Case Study One IwamotoScott Architecture // 2008 // San Francisco The relevant project of tessellation is a landscape called ‘Voussoir Cloud’ which consisting of clusters of three dimensional petals. The structure is formed by five columns with several vaults above which extending from the bottom of each column. The petals expand and spread gradually until join with others to form the vaults at the top. Besides, the material performance of the case is also noticeable that each curvature of thin wood laminate is calculated through designate computational script and fabricated by laser cutting. Finally, these petal pieces are reconstituted by folded along the curved score lines and simply zip tied together. image source: http://www.architectmagazine.com/photos/voussoircloud http://www.iwamotoscott.com/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD
Voussoir Cloud attempted to de-familiarize both structure and the wood material to create conflicted readings of normative architectural typologies. It is a light, porous surface made of compressive elements that creates atmosphere with these luminous wood pieces, and uses this to gain sensorial effects. The reason of selecting Voussoir Cloud as first case study to explore following 30 iterations is that not only the spreading structure pretty match to my initial design idea, but also the arrangement of those tessellated pattern impressed me of plenty possibilities to be further developed. More importantly, the given script contains several Kangaroo plug-in for adding much more interesting physical forcing effect to the basic shape, which interested me of attempt.
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30 iterations
01 WIDTH VARIATION
02 DEPTH VARIATION
03 U - FORCE
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|VOUSSOIR CLOUD
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04 OFFSET + EXTRUDE / LOFT
05 VORONOI
06 PATTERN VARIATION
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selection criteria
Through altering various parameters and adding extra command to the original definition, I have attempted to generate different shapes of geometry, as well as replacing tessellated patterns for more possibilities to be applicable to our design brief. The selection criteria of successful outcomes are considered to fulfil the aspects:
FEASIBILITY although grasshopper always surprises me with incredible form being produced, it still needs to be considered down to earth whether is meaningful and possible to construct in reality.
FUNCTIONALITY according to the project brief, how to convey the ideas to a rational design to suit various need.
RELATIONSHIP TO GIVEN SITE not only the ‘virtual museum’ itself, how to integrate the selected idea with surrounding human/nature environment should be carefully thought over.
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sUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES
In terms of constructability, this iteration has such potential to be assembled by pre-fabricated pieces with either CNCmilling or Laser cutting techniques. It is necessary to concern the shift from paper architecture into reality.
I have found that the iteration demonstrates a certain complexity through its distort form which might be related to the diverse characteristic of the Merri Creek site. As well this iteration can be further refined in alterations to the script if necessary which might allow more unique design to be produced by taking the advantage of parametric design tools.
The voronoi transformed the structure of original object into a skeleton-like form which gives an abstract but elegant sense. Linking to the concept of virtual, I think it contains high possibility to be further applied into other dynamic geometry.
This extruded iteration demonstrates a regular and neat appearance which also give viewer a sense of ‘basket weaving’. In terms of fabrication and constructability, it has high potential to be modelled and joined by prefabricated intersection conjunction. I believe it could also sit well on the site for certain needs.
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B.3 CASE STUDY TWO CRITERIA DESIGN
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ZA11 PAVILION Dimitrie Stefanescu, Patrick Bedarf, Bogdan Hambasan // 2011 // Cluj, Romania
As not to be limited in the previous chosen research field, I decided to change the direction in the second case study which is the temporary structure ZA11 Pavilion built in Romania Architecture Festival. This project has applied advanced parametric design technique which the process was entirely under computer control from exact geometry generation to piece labelling, logical assembly as well as individual elements fabricated by CNC-milling. And I also found that the conjunction approach seems very interesting that every three members are joining by a middle hexagonal plate with exact holes cut on the both sides for intersection. The project has been successfully produced as a flexible and attractive space which managed to engage different kinds of event. Similar concept could be further implemented to my design project which might provide a central object or space as a powerful attractor to draw visitors’ attention focusing on the specific aspect through some dynamic, freeform geometry.
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image source: http://w w w.archdaily.com/14794 8/za11- pavilion - dimitr ie stefanescu-patrick-bedarf-bogdan-hambasan
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REVERSE ENGINEERING METHOD 01
01 Base Curve
04 Outer Skin
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02 Base Surface
05 Inner Skin
03 Voronoi Pattern
06 Loft
METHOD 02
01 Base Curve
04 Extrude Points
02 Loft Curve
05 Central Cylinder
03 Hexagon + Map to Surface
06 Split Brep
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parametric diagram Create Base Curve in Rhino Create Hexagonal Grid with slider controlled in numbers of grid cell of both x and y direction
Loft to form base outer surface
Map the hexagonal grid to the lofted surface with the help of Union Bounding Box
Scale down and Move the base curve to the middle of closed point
Create centre point of the base
Extrude the grid curve to the centre
Extrude the scaled base curve to a central cylinder
Use the cylinder to trim out the centre area from the hexagonal shape extrusion by using Split Brep command
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fINAL OUTCOME Compare to the first method, the outcome generated by the second method is more similar to the original pavilion, which contains hexagonal opening facing outwards.
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B.4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA DESIGN
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50 iterations
01 SURFACE SHAPE
02 VORONOI
03 PATCH
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|ZA11
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04 REBUILD + EXTRUDE
05 INTERPOLATE CURVE
06 OCTREE
07 PANELING TOOLS
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08 META BALL
09 LOFTING
10 MESH
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sUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES
The iteration consists of simple geometry produced by the surface point command. However, I feel that the geometry has high potential to be further applied to expanding wavy surface which might produce much grander atmosphere. The tunnel-like form also could be taken advantages to produce light and shadow effect.
The chain-like shape iteration is produced by the command of interpolate curves. In terms of feasibility, I found that the form is incredibly constructible by one continuous curve. It could also be made as an artwork for the virtual museum due to its elegant appearance.
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Voronoi form is using to replace the original hexagon shape, surprisingly, the outcome looks like a compressing origami as an ‘accordion’. This iteration draws my inspiration of exploring folding architecture, which may be used to respond to the prototype making.
The truss-like form is generating by applying the panelling tools to the base surface. It has produced clear thickness on each triangular module as well as fitting very well with each other reminds me of the previous research field in tessellation. Such stable form could be further explored to produce structure elements on the site.
Lofting between offsetting exploded curve surprisingly produced such cloudy and massive effect makes me feel like it could be used to either creating a kind of fluid, irregular atmosphere through structure on site, or scale down to be a single object for hiding interesting thing for people to explore within the virtual museum.
With the strong effect made by the metaball, the iteration seems no longer identifiable from the original object. However, instead of the solid feeling that common geometry gives to us, this iteration generated a more fluid and dynamic sense which makes me thinking about the water, nature even relating to the eco-system. This is amazingly automatically built a relationship to the site context.
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B.5 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPE CRITERIA DESIGN
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junctions To hold the basic shape in place as well as joining together to form an aggregation effect as a ‘cloud’, 3 different types of joint have been tested with different performance produced.
Split Pins With holes being drilled in advanced, the cotter pin could be passed through the hole to hold the shape in place by springing apart its arms. According to observation, the split pin is strong enough to form the connection with high flexibility to rotate the joining pieces.
Press Stud By hammering the pair of interlocking discs, the polypropylene pieces are attached permanently with the rigid joint formed by press stud. The press stud joint performed tighter than the split pin, but still allowed the joining pieces moving slightly.
Jump Ring The ring with 8mm in its inner diameter is made by bringing the two ends together without soldering or welding. The joint performed highly inconspicuous compared to the previous, as well as keeping objects together in a loose condition but still strong enough to withstand resisting force. I found the ring junction has high potential in connecting individual modules and producing hanging effects.
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While applying the split pin to hold the shape, it looks apparent which might impact the cleanliness of the overall model. In contrast, while applying the press studs to the prototype, module is secured in its position by performing less offensive and more inconspicuous than the split pins. For further development, smaller button could be explored to be less influential to overall appearance. The jump ring perform neat junction with possibility to move within controllable range.
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PROTOTYPE
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B.6 TECHNIQUE: PROPROSAL CRITERIA DESIGN
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Precedent 01
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‘BAN’ PAVILION Computational // Orproject // 2012 // Peking, China The pavilion design drew inspiration from floral petals in the way the shape of the flower is created by it bent petals. It is constructed by bent polymer sheets with simple nut-and-bolt nodes to form a self-supporting structure. Looking from the bottom, the curved elements resulted to direct the viewer’s eye across the structure and into the sky. As a computational precedent project, CNC-milling technique was applied to the thin polymer sheets which marked with identification numbers for assemblage. The precedent project draws my inspiration of this kind of curving, hovering effect produced by simple geometry, as well as its integration of transparent materials with surrounding environments.
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Precedent 02
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THE ETHICS OF DUST Gallery // Jorge Otero-Pailos // 2016 // San Francisco Two luminous architectural volumes floating in the gallery space which cast with actual dirt and dust accumulated over time on the old United Stated Mint had been extracted. As the artist tended to preserve the material realities of the site, the essence is to remind people critically thinking of current global environmental issues such as the most prolific, neglected and cultural product of pollution standing by ‘dust’ here. The similar concept could be applied to my design project as like through viewing the object that I produced on the virtual museum, the visitor could recall in reality what they might omit and start to pay attention to. Moreover, integration with real site material is another interesting point to be explored while it is also the most difficult point about transferring idea.
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SITE SELECTION
// CERES COMMUNITY ‘CERES’ stands for ‘Centre for Education and Research in Environmental Strategies’, which is a local community that initiating and supporting the environmental sustainability. Importantly, the centre allows thousands of people to learn about the culture and history of the Merri Creek, educating not only locals but visitors on the present local and global issues regarding to sustainability. The site is chosen near to the CERES Community Park where the bike trail is alongside. Many visitors passed by this place taking part in either leisurely or physical activities. Experiencing the virtual museum might also meet their original intention of being here. As we know, the Merri Creek suffered the problems of pollution and degradation for decades. Hence, my design tended to explore the ecological aspect of Merri Creek, aiming the same target with the CERES community for raising awareness of serious environmental problem due to unsustainable behaviour.
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DESIGN CONCEPT
Extract Base Shape
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Extract Cloud Effect
Flow // Continuity // Dynamic // Un
ndulation
Interconnectivity between Merri Creek & CERES
Touchable // Fluctuant // Repetition
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PROPOSED DESIGN My design is proposed as a decorative ceiling hanging from the actual structure above, using the material of polypropylene since its flexibility and variation in colours. The overall structure is a kind of representation of the creek which such dynamic, undulating effect. I also want to add some lighting effect to the floating ceiling which performed according to result of the recent water quality test done by the Merri Creek Management Committee. These might provide visual experience to remind people of current environmental issues that people directly facing.
Perspective View
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Top View
Elevation View
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B.7 LEARNI 100
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ING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES CRITERIA DESIGN
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This section is going to refer to each learning objective individually and crossreference from here to the other sections that provide specific examples of part B
Objective 1. “interrogat[ing] a brief” by considering the process of brief formation in the age of optioneering enabled by digital technologies The brief asks for proposing a series of virtual museum spaces with careful consideration about bringing changes in the visitors’ relationship to the Merri Creek. The most eye-grabbing point of the brief must be the ‘virtual’, which becomes a more and more popular topic driven by the advanced digital techniques. I believe this is the one of the reason that formatted our design brief. Furthermore, as to train architecture student in this era, only know how to produce design idea is far from enough, having ability to generate through digital tools and analyse the feasibility become essential as well. This design brief integrate these aspects harmoniously.
Objective 2. developing “an ability to generate a variety of design possibilities for a given situation” by introducing visual programming, algorithmic design and parametric modelling with their intrinsic capacities for extensive design-space exploration By self-learning from the grasshopper tutorial videos online, I found that my ability of producing various iterations through using parametric design tools is significantly improved, reflecting in both aspects of quantity and quality. I found myself became more proficient in exploring the second case’s iterations which more and harder command I was willing to try, and my logic thinking while using parametric tools was more clear and rational as well.
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Objective 3. developing “skills in various threedimensional media” and specifically in computational geometry, parametric modelling, analytic diagramming and digital fabrication; My knowledge in using digital modelling tools, mainly Rhino and Grasshopper has been much more extended through the previous weekly tasks. I am very impressive and improved in skill by these two-way case study practices that give me the chances of understanding a complex script first, and then analyse and explore another project reversely. And I really enjoyed attempting various plug-in to my cases’ iterations which developing surprising possibilities in forms. In terms of digital fabrication, I found that conversely that compared to my previous experience in the subject of DDF, which I just mainly used the computational programme to generate digital model for only fabrication purpose. In part B, usually my design drew the inspiration from my parametric model, and through the help of such programme, make the design more impressive, as well as ensuring accurate and controllable fabricating process.
Objective 5. developing “the ability to make a case for proposals” by developing critical thinking and encouraging construction of rigorous and persuasive arguments informed by the contemporary architectural discourse.
Objective 4. developing “an understanding of relationships between architecture and air” through interrogation of design proposal as physical models in atmosphere In my view, air is about designing dynamic, fluid form that could be well cooperating with site context and entire atmosphere. While linking air with architecture, such light, fluctuant and translucent structure flashed in my mind, that’s also what my proposal is trying to achieve.
According to the feedback from the interim presentation, I believe I have been already in the right track of what the design brief is asking for. I do consider about different aspects of design requirement such as the theme, the materiality, the surrounding site as well as its feasibility. However, there are still certain conflicts and shortages I have neglected in my proposal which luckily I realized after my interim presentation. For example, the design is focusing on the aspect of ecological ‘sustainability’, however the material chosen for prototyping is polypropylene which is not that environmentally friendly; the ceiling form seems not attractive enough as well as it is only used for demonstrating current environmental condition, but not practically solving such problem. Several improvement should be further discovered during the next part. Objective 6. develop capabilities for conceptual, technical and design analyses of contemporary architectural projects; As we know, contemporary architectural projects take more or less advances of computational tools in the stage of design, modelling as well as fabrication. Several contemporary projects have been selected as case studies or choice of precedent projects for critical analysis, on not only its design concept or structure, but also its materiality and functionality.
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B.8 A A 104
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Appendix Algorithmic Sketches CRITERIA DESIGN
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05 Explode tree Self-shelving
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Rectangule - Populate 2D - Cull pattern - Graft tree - Explode tree - Circle CNR - Brep Edges - Extrude
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06 voronoi Self-shelving
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Rectangule - Populate 2D - Cull pattern - Voronoi - Offset - Extrude
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07 METABALL Self-shelving
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Rectangule - Populate 2D - Cull pattern - MetaBall- Offset - Extrude
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08 MIDPOINT 4 Definitions
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09 RECURSIVE Geometries
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10 EXPRESSIONS Series + Interpolate
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10 EXPRESSIONS Range + Interpolate
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11 graph mapper Biothings
Iteration 01
Iteration 02
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Iteration 03
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11 graph mapper Voronoi
Iteration 01
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Iteration 02
Iteration 03
Iteration 04
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DETAILED DESIGN
PART C.
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C.1 DESIGN CONCEPT DETAILED DESIGN
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INTERIM Feedback|PART B Feedback: - Look for more complex / plastic structure through grasshopper - Explore other media to conduct the ‘sustainability’ agenda - Design could really improve the current condition of site - Select more natural, recycled material for prototyping Reflection: Since the current design is simply used one grasshopper technique from previous case study iteration, I will try to address more complex script to form more rational design instead. Considering how a virtual design could really improve the current condition of site, I think about provide visual experience through the Oculus to allow users confronting ongoing environmental issues, so as to raise their awareness of sustainability. Instead of conducting educational concept through the canopy form itself, the structure could be an intermedium to form interaction between the user and site. I will make another visit to Merri Creek to explore more covert aspects of site condition as well as trying to find out potential sustainable-related material for prototyping in respond to the agenda.
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fRAGMENTS
|MERRI CREEK
Plant protection
Infrastructure
Tranquil Enviro
According to research, Merri Creek is a waterway that has undergone heavy industrial pollution throughout previous decades and suffered from several ongoing environmental issue contemporarily. Through several times of visiting different parts of the trail park, I found various scenes showing different site conditions at this moment. As two rows of fragments demonstrating the contradictory contrast: some scenes from Merri Creek are quite attractive and verdant while some worrying situations could also be spotted around. My design intention is started with allowing user to experience these existing environmental issues.
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Disposal
onment
Land waste
Greenery
Polluted water
Labyrinth
Stump
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DESIGN Development|INITIAL
My first design proposal is addressed on the water pollution issue of Merri Creek. In order to utilize the virtual tool to make user get an unattainable experience in the real life, as well as drawing people’s attention to the serious environmental problem, the notion of emulating a fish perspective is raised. A dynamic bubble form is produced that started from the land and extending gradually to the underwater. The design intended to make connection between two contrasting area as well as forming an enclosed but inconspicuous shield. However, considering the difficulty of photoscaning the underwater area, which is a crucial point to this virtual design, this design should be further amended.
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DESIGN Development|SECONDARY
After the class discussion, I decided to change the focus of the second design to another environmental issue, land waste. Two photoscan meshes have been attached together while the green scenery facing upwards normally and the trash area is reversed to face down. The metaball structure has been continuing used to form a tunnel connecting two ‘worlds’. Triangular pattern is applied to the form to make a shading effect. Hence user could enter from the green area and end the journey facing to the reversed trash area. Same agenda from previous concept, the design is aimed to create sharp contrast to draw people’s attention to serious environmental problem. Nonetheless, according to the feedback from interim presentation, the design is criticised that lack of plastic structure and detailed refinement. Moreover, more careful consideration of experiencing meshes is required.
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Photoscan mesh: Stump with moss
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Site analysis
|PHOTOSCAN MESH
After several times of direction changing, I decide to finalise my focus on the issue of potential deforestation. Lots of tree stumps were founded during my journey in Merri Creek, even though they are not very obvious in the background of dense greenery, it is still a concerned problem to Merri creek ecological system.
Yarra Bend Park
The tree stump is founded in the area of Yarra Bend Park, which looks very isolated and tragic surrounded by fallen leaves and moss on top. Besides, the stump consists of two layered fractures which inspired me of a viewing deck. Upper level Lower level Ground level
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Precedent Study| ORB TERRARIUM Orb terrarium is a sphere glass container usually kept as decorative item with plant growing inside. Transparent walls allow both heat and light to enter the terrarium, while open, unsealed holes are used to keep the air in the terrarium free from excess moisture. The object gives me a strong natural-related feeling that corresponding to my design agenda. It is also could be a conceptual form for producing prototype.
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Precedent Study| BIO DOME The huge striking structure is located at Amazon’s downtown Seattle headquarter. As shown in the section drawing on the bottom, the project consists of three transparent domes intersecting. Reaching up to 95 feet, the glass cluster of “Spheres” was designed to create an alternative work environment within the 3.3 million-square-foot office and retail campus that is currently under construction. The building envelope compromised of an inner layer of ‘geometrically organic’ pattern and outer layer of triangular grid pattern which usually occurs in biodome architecture. The project also aimed to function as a specialised greenhouse that provides isolated, controlled ecological environment within the closed structure. This precedent showcases how a well-designed architecture tailored to the urban environment, which inspired me of using such environmental-related form to call for ‘sustainable’ agenda. Moreover, the intersecting spheres also shows strong affinity to my previous designed form.
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DETAILED DESIGN
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Final Design concept|SHRINK In reality, a tree stump is quite inconspicuous to human being. Through the help of virtual reality, my design intends to allow user ‘shrink’ to an ant-like size to engage in the scenery, as well as experiencing such different perspective through passing different spots of the stump.
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Final Design concept|EMBRACE In terms of the overall form, the design aims to create a walking path around the photoscan object, as the image shown on the left side, the path start from the bottom corner of the stump and continued spiral up until the top platform of the stump. The form is respond to the site object and adapts to the existing fracture contour of the stump. In other words, the structure also forms a barrier embracing the tree stump to provide a sense of protection from the overall perspective. Through the journey that walking along the path, user could get a comprehensive view of the stump and realize the intention of highlighting ecological aspect.
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01 Triangular floating panels
02 Triang
04 Integrate infill panel
03 Refined
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gular skeleton
d Floret node
Form finding In terms of form finding, the first proposed pattern is the triangular pattern, however it is floating panels without any structural support (top left image). Opposing to the triangular panels, the triangular skeleton is examined afterwards (top right image). In order to add more refined detail to enhance the aesthetic performance, a floret node is applied to the structure (bottom right image). Lastly, I decided to integrate the triangular panels to the refined skeletal structure to form a complex composition (bottom left image).
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C.2 TECTO
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TONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPES Four prototypes were made in this stage along with the digital model. As the particularity of the virtual design brief, instead of focusing on the materiality, scale or fabrication defects such common prototyping consideration, my prototype is more inclined to function as an accompanying physical object that could fill in the ‘gaps’ between the virtual design and reality.
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Prototype 1
|TACTILITY TEST
Emulating the tactility is one of the most important thing when I thought of how a physical object could aid to the virtual experience. Retrieve the strategy from the prototyping process in part B, I use the same material and connection joint to produce the structure. Triangular patterns with 2mm diameter holes near each sides are laser cut of clear 0.38mm polypropylene. Double layer jump rings are installed to join the pieces through the holes. Although the connection are neat and rigid in appearance, the patterning of triangular panels looks a little bit irregular and is hard to control as the anchor points should be at the vertexes of triangles. Meanwhile, the design is amended to a more plastic and structural form, following prototypes are driven.
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Closer view to the prototype
See through the prototype
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prototype 2
|TACTILITY
Form
Skeleton
Nodes
Learning from the first prototype, the second aims to produce more detailed structure extracted from the developed design, included the skeleton and infill panels.
Material
MDF
Polypropylene
The skeletal structure is made of 3mm Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) which is strong in its characteristic. Moreover, the intricate shape of floret nodes could be made precisely through laser cutting. The infill panels are 0.6mm clear polypropylene which is thicker than the one used in first prototype but still remained flexible while touching.
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Fabrication
Simplify
The original designed skeleton is quite detailed that consists of three thin planks between every two floret nodes, however, during the fabrication process, the planks are advised that they are too thin to be laser cut as well as becoming brittle to attach the infills later. Hence, I modified the fabricated piece in a simpler form but still kept the general structure.
Laser cut template In terms of connection, the triangular panels are modified to insert folding tabs by offsetting the edges at 3mm which is exactly fitted to the thickness of MDF. Thus the structure and infill pieces could be joined without being seen.
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Assembly
Assembly diagram
Heat mark is hard to avoid on the cutting side of during the laser cutting process, hence the infill is installed from the defective side while the surface with better engraving result is shown invisible joint between structure and panels.
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Assembly process
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Light
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Shadow
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prototype 3
|CONCEPTUAL
Form Besides the examining the tactility of the design, this prototype is served as a conceptual object that responding to the idea of orb terrarium. With the concept in mind, the geodesic spherical terrarium is digital fabricated by the 3D printer. (Image on Top left) Jump ring is installed on top for hanging purpose. (Image on Bottom left)
Fabrication
As the form is hollow and hard to build entire support underneath, Z-corp 3D printer is selected which uses a liquid adhesive to bind powder in successive layers. Moreover, due to the structural thickness limitation of 3D printing, the original designed structure is hard to be replicated. Hence the a more solid geodesic structure is modelled in rhino and an opening is trimmed by a sphere.
3D Print template
Z-Corp 3D Printer DETAILED DESIGN
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Application
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The sphere could be considered as a replica of the form of floating gallery sphere. When the approach the spheres to see the exhibit inside, they are able to experience the similar grid texture from the spheres, as well as feel the natural elements inside the terrarium. Through touching to fee the prototype will function to raise people’s awareness of the neglected nature, which strongl responded to the initial design intent.
DETAILED DESIGN
ey e el, ly
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On the other hand, this prototype could also become a decorative element hanging from the tree on site to attract passer-by, drawing their attention to the VR oculus. Moreover, a souvenir to the visitors after they finished the walk-through experience through the oculus, users are allowed to have the souvenir as a container to place any interested elements from Merri Creek, in order to make a strong impression to them of the VR experience and call for the design intent. Application
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prototype 4
|ON SITE
Form
Product with support
Separating sup
The last prototype is a replica of the entire design form, which is an undulating continuous solid metaball. Unlike the conceptual prototype, this prototype is less detailed and quite substantial in form. Hence another kind of 3D printer is chosen which called Up Box that uses a fused deposition modeling (FDM) process to melt and extrude plastic onto additive layers. As the original design is proposed to lean on the tree stump without support underneath, an easily removable support structure is produced during the 3 D printing process as shown in the images above.
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DETAILED DESIGN
pport
Isolated product
Totally remove support
Fabrication
Imported mesh
3D Print template
Up Box 3D Printer
DETAILED DESIGN
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On grass field
Application
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In terms of application, as the prototype has the duplicate form in tiny scale according to the structure in virtual reality, it will be a fascinating sensation that holding the object and touching section by section while you are in course of walking through it.
DETAILED DESIGN
On ground Furthermore, the artefact is surprisingly well-adapted to different site condition which showcase strong sense of relation to the nature, calling people for the attention of the environment.
Site Adaption
DETAILED DESIGN
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Entry Experience Considering of how to introduce the technology in real life situation, as saying the entry experience, signpost could be placed at the actual site with the artefacts beside to elicit passers’ interest. To get in connection with the VR oculus device, a QR code is provided on the signpost hence users can feel free to scan the code to get information of the technology, for example how to get use of it, why it is here and most importantly, the design intent.
DETAILED DESIGN
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Successful prototype review
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|EXPERIENCE ON HAND
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C.3 FINAL DETAIL MODEL DETAILED DESIGN
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Extract points from curves
Produce mesh from extracted points
Finalise curve in a continuous undulating form
Increase mesh number to achieve smoother and integral surface
Thicken the mesh and assign material to form solid structure
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I
final algorithm
Adjust threshold of points individually through the gene pool
Turn the smooth mesh into geodesic frame through Weaverbird’s frame
Integrate the skeleton and infill panels
|GRASSHOPPER
Set meatball base point and location according to site context
Turn the nodes into floret shape and refined the skeleton through Sierpinski Carpet
Produce triangular panels through Weaverbird’s Mesh Window
DETAILED DESIGN
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DECOMPOSITION
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DETAILED DESIGN
STRUCTURE
INFILL PANELS
PATH
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Stone and Grass
Trash on site
Tree with twin trunks
Pavilion at CERES
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Isolated stump
s
Tree bark
Tree hole
Heap of rocks
Functions
|GALLERY
Addressing to the ‘virtual museum’ design brief, the design could be separated as two functional areas which are the walking tunnel along the stump and eight isolated spheres floating nearby as shown in the diagram. Central tunnel provides walking space for user to climb up the tree stump along the path. Besides, the spheres are serving as gallery space that contents different exhibits interiorly, which are the photo-scan fragments from the Merri Creek. The exhibit spheres are located at strategic points with appropriate spacing between, intended to enrich the visual experience and avoid the user from aesthetic fatigue with the scenery. DETAILED DESIGN
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West Elevation
North Elevation
South Elevation
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Standard views
DETAILED DESIGN
|DETAILED MODEL
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ENTRY
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Desired trajectory|PATH ROUTING PATH WAY GALLERY SPACE CENTRAL TUNNEL UPPER LEVEL STUMP LOWER LEVEL STUMP
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Desired trajectory|VIEW
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Initial view facing the entrance of the structure
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Direct view towards bottom left to view the fallen leaves
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Turn to the right side to view the first exhibit
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View to the left to the sixth exhibit
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Direct the view to the second exhibit
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Quick pan across the left to have a quick look to the exit
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Turn to the left side, facing to the third exhibit as well as closer look to the stump skin
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Pan around the right side to view the surrounded scenery at this high point
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Look right to see the forth art piece
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Direct view to the last exhibit near the exit
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Pan around to view surrounded scenery
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Turn around and look back to the exit and pan around to view the passed structure
DETAILED DESIGN
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SPATIAL SE
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EQUENCE
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Initial view from afar to the entire design DETAILED DESIGN
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Approaching to the entrance DETAILED DESIGN
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View the second and thrid exhibits along the pathway
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Climbing up the stump along the spiral pathway and get a closer view to the fallen leaves beside DETAILED DESIGN
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Arrive the upper level of the stump and get a closer view to the moss DETAILED DESIGN
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Approach to the exit and view of the last exhibit
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Exit the structure at the highest point of the stump and view back
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C.4 LEARNI A 204
DETAILED DESIGN
ING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES DETAILED DESIGN
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As the most challenging session of Studio Air, Part C assigned the task about how to implement the parametric modelling tools to generate actual design, followed by a fabrication process to transfer such computational design into a tangible.
Parametric design: Instead of the ordinary practical architectural design, we received a very exceptional brief that required integration of design with the Virtual Reality (VR) technique which is rapidly developed and popularised nowadays. I felt very grateful to have chance to get in touch with such novel and unfamiliar field in the studio time as I can gain extra knowledge and experience to apply in my future design, such as the photo-scan technique and the unity animation. Design through iteration is a very practical approach to me in the process of form finding which is credit to such powerful parametric design tool. Moreover, parametric design also helps to further developed and resolved the design as we have done in Part C which required the adaptation and flexible implantation with algorithmic language, which is indispensable to the level of complexity of design. All three parts from Studio Air culminated through the semester have created a better understanding around the roles of digital tools with contemporary design.
Fabrication: In order to build diverse connection between physical objects and virtual design, I have explored several types of technologies with different material. A better understanding of material systems is gained. Some design forms only can be achieved with the help of modern technique, while fabrication also becomes one of the selection criteria during design process according to the manifestation of product. As the first-time attempt to the 3D printing, I obtained a better understanding of the form and material restrictions of this technique as well as its great potential in realizing and generating mind-blowing design.
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Personal Reflection: Working individually, everyone has an extremely free space to explore their own idea. However, I have encountered an unprecedented struggle with the focus of my design from the beginning of Part C. Keep changing direction did result in a little lag until the interim presentation, which teaches me a lesson of how important the time management is. I also realized that design is a process of exploration, sometimes it is more sensible to focus on deeper aspect than wider. A great amount effort is made to achieve my design intent and I believe the outcome is legit at this moment. However, while looking back, one aspect that I have overlooked is the harmony and synchrony between the design concept and the form. In future, not only paying attention on generating compelling geometries in form, but also more consideration of the relation between the form and greater surroundings such as the atmosphere and nature, as well as the rationality and practical implementation of design such as an entry experience. The skills and technologies we have adopted in Studio
DETAILED DESIGN
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THank
CHAOMING
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CONCEPTUALISATION
k you
G CHEN 2016
CONCEPTUALISATION 209