Better Care East’s
Care Bible @Home EAST outstanding care
SAFE
EFFECTIVE
CARING
RESPONSIVE
WELL-LED
A satisfied staff member is the best business strategy...
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EAST
COMMUNICATION Whatsapp, there are 3 chats assigned to Better Care East. 1 The Covid Chat is where test dates and results are posted plus any update info regarding Covid. 2 Supplies Chat updates on client needs relating to food, household items, toiletries or medication running low. Also, any funny or interesting posts go here. The rota will also be posted on this chat. 3 Better Care East Chat, the main chat where all info is posted about clients. Please check this before going on shift so you know if there is anything important you need to know about your clients for the shift. This is where the on-call will post the check ins and the runs (list of your clients and times) can be found. You can also ask questions about client needs or location of things in client homes here.
Our digital care plans are held on our Pass system. You will get your own log in arranged by head office. Download the Pass app on to your mobile phone, full training is given on how to use this. All clients care plans will be on there and full client access details, key safes and where they are located. This system is GDPR safe and you will only gain access as an employee of Better Care at Home.
ON-CALL MANAGER Check who is on-call for the day, you will find this on the check ins in the Better Care East Chat, posted the day before. Message them direct when you arrive at your first client of the day. Please then keep messages to on-call to EMERGENCIES only. Routine messages can be kept until after 0930, you can post messages on the other chats as an alternative. If you cannot get hold of on-call, message Joannah but only as absolute last resort please. Watershed Times for Group Chats & On-Call Manager: •Mon - Fri 0800-1400/1600-2100 •Sat - Sun 0900-1400/1600-2100 •Mon - Fri Check-Ins 0700 only (Communication from 0930 unless an emergency)
UNIFORM Better Care top (not creased), black leggings/trousers, hair tied up, no heavy scent, open toed shoes or jewellery. ID to be worn at all times.
YOUR OBLIGATIONS All carers must have an up to date smart phone and full business car insurance.
SICKNESS/LATENESS Please contact the on-call giving as much notice as possible. If you over run, contact on-call to let them know you will be late and either contact the next client to let them know or pass on to on-call for them to do. If you are late to meet a double, message the other carer to let them know.
STANDARDS Washing and drying up, bins out, check food bins, removal of PPE from the client’s homes, wipe down sides, fill up the kettle, switch off electric items at the wall. Please check Pass as things can change. Do not go into auto pilot and assume you know all that needs to be done. Dirty continence pads need to be bagged before disposal. Keep on top of clients’ cleaning and leave their homes tidy.
MEDICATION TAKE YOUR TIME DO NOT RUSH THIS PART OF THE VISIT. Always check against Pass. Check the date before opening blister packs, eye drops and any new medication. Always watch the client taking their meds. If they refuse document. If clients are running low on medication, please update on the supplies chat so they can be re-ordered.
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CARE NOTES These are legal documents and should be written in as much detail as possible, reflecting all the tasks undertaken during the visit. Please do not use abbreviations, colloquial language or emojis. It is your responsibility to read the care notes on Pass to familiarise yourself with clients before you make visits.
REPORTING ACCIDENTS OR NEAR MISSES In the event of an accident or incident speak to whoever is on call immediately. We operate a no blame culture at Better Care, we are in the business of human beings and things can go wrong, however we do need to understand what has gone wrong and produce documentation.
FOOD Do not prepare food with gloved hands always wash your hands before touching any food or drinks. Check the date on perishable foodstuffs when opening or removing from the fridge, and check client fridges regularly for out of date foods which need to be disposed of. Decant unused food from tins into a container and date, do not put opened tins into the fridge. Always wrap food in cling film, do not leave exposed within the fridge. Please keep on top of stocks of all food, if things are running low post message on chat for next carer to pick up (this also applies to non food items). If you buy anything for a client keep receipt and if client has capacity, they can reimburse you otherwise Joannah will reimburse if you, give her or send photo of receipt. Please do not eat client’s food if you are on duty. You must provide your own meals.
PROFESSIONAL BOUNDARIES Please avoid personal contact, speak to on-call if you have any concerns about acceptance of gifts from clients. Clients can be taken out for a drive to an outdoor destination. Clients must not to go inside your home (unless by prior arrangement). Also, under no circumstances should you discuss other clients or carers with or in front of clients this is a breach of confidentiality.
ROTA/HOLIDAY/DAYS OFF If you want to have a particular day-off please give as much notice as possible. For leave we need a full 4 weeks-notice please, this can be booked via Bright HR. The rota will be posted on the supplies chat, please take a good look and thumbs up to acknowledge you are ok with the shifts you have been given. Rota changes check with work colleagues initially to see if they can swap. If that’s not successful speak to the management team.
MISCELLANEOUS If Pass fails due to internet connection, just log back in, this can be rectified by the office. If you are late to log-off just write in the care notes. Please make sure you have a good stock of PPE. There is an obligation to all clients to monitor their condition, remember you are probably the only person they may see in that day. If you have any concerns, please pass this info on so we can either act promptly or continue to monitor. Lastly, we appreciate all the hard work our carers do for our clients and want you all to feel happy in your role. If there is anything at all that you are not comfortable with, or are simply not sure of, please contact any of the management team we are here to support you.
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TRAINING •Probation 3 months •Training in house and external bespoke •Care certificate (mandatory) •Meds training (annually) •Yearly updates (mandatory) •Personalised training matrix •Ad hoc training/shadowing •Diploma level 3/5 All funded by Better Care East
MANAGEMENT INTERNAL SUPPORT •Office and managerial support 0700 to 2100 - 7 days a week •Supervisions •Spot checks •Team Meetings •Appraisals with Jonanah Bishop
BENEFITS •Summer Party eat and drink as much as you can! •Christmas Party eat and drink as much as you can! •Birthday presents £35 John Lewis Voucher £100 after a years service £300 after 3 years service •Blue care reward system 30% discount in certain shops •Employees support service
USEFUL CONTACT NUMBERS •Better Care at Home Office: 01202 259055 •Bournemouth Hospital: 01202 303626 •Poole Hospital: 01202 665511 •Adult Social Services: 01202 123654 •Christchurch Integrated Nursing Team: 01202 646090 •Police Non-Emergency: 101 •NHS: 111 •Gas: 0800 111999 •Electricity: 0800 40 40 90 •Wessex Water: 0800 692 0692 •Anti-Terrorist Hotline: 0800 789321 •BCP Emergency Control Centre 0800 506 050 •Age UK Advice Line: 0800 678 1602
POST FALLS PROTOCOL CLIENT HAS A FALL Before moving the client, wait at least 6 minutes. During that time check for injury. If clients fall was un-witnessed, they have sustained injury, or you are concerned, a full assessment must be completed and action taken as below. NO APPARENT INJURY SUSTAINED:
MINOR INJURY SUSTAINED:
MAJOR/SERIOUS INJURY SUSTAINED:
•No bruising •No apparent head injury •No pain •Mobility unaffected •No wounds or bleeding •No limb deformity
•Signs of bruising •Minor wounds to skin including face •Slight discomfort
•Assist client to a comfortable place (using handling aid as appropriate) or call office •Observe client for 24 hours •Inform relatives and Care Manager when appropriate - Care Manager will send you accident/incident form and body map form if required •Any near misses must be recorded and documented •Record and document all actions/discussions etc
•Administer first aid and assist client to a comfortable place (using hoist/handling aid as appropriate) or call office •Observe client for 24 hours •Inform relatives and Care Manager when appropriate - Care Manager will send you accident/incident form and body map form if required •Record and document all actions/discussions etc
•Airway breathing problems •Loss of conscioiusness of unresponsive •Acute confusion •Suspected head injury to client taking anticoagulant. Warfarin; Apixaban; Rivaroxaban; Dabigatran. •Head injury or trauma •Pain in limbs or chest •Bleeding or extensive bruising •Unable to move limbs on command •Limb deformity DO NOT MOVE THE CLIENT (except for resuscitation) Call Office Call 999 for ambulance
ANY change in condition causing concern - call GP or 111 (non-medical emergency or 999 (medical emergency)
Follow instructions from Ambulance Control (meet paramedics at door and escort to client)
Complete incident form and return to Care Manager/on Pass
Inform relatives and Care Manager - record and document all actions discussions etc
SAFE
EFFECTIVE
CARING
RESPONSIVE
WELL-LED
SAFE • Better Care holds with the philosophy that knowledge is power. Emphasis is placed on safeguarding for all clients and staff. The carers are able to recognise if any type of abuse is taking place, they will report any concerns to leadership immediately and this will be investigated and acted on if necessary. • Carers are confident that any suspicion they may have will be taken seriously. Better to find there is nothing to worry about than to not act. • We have on call system manned by experienced staff and a WhatsApp chat group where from 0700-2100 carers can be sure of receiving immediate advice. The carers must always feel supported. We have a supplies and advice WhatsApp, also a rota based on WhatsApp. • The carers all risk assess at every visit, whether this is the checking of equipment, to client’s skin integrity to stocks of medication. There are Better Care first aid boxes at every house, these contain urine testing strips, which whilst we understand are not 100% reliable in terms of diagnosing a UTI (they have never failed us yet), they are a good starting point. They also contain blood pressure monitors, pulse oximeters and digital thermometers. We also hold a urine pot in each box to drop a specimen into the surgery. • Any concerns are reported on WhatsApp. If we feel it necessary to escalate the level of care for a client to ensure their safety we respond promptly. • We work closely with other health care professionals to ensure client’s health and safety is preserved. • Our Field Care Manager visits clients weekly to perform spot checks and to undertake risk assessments. They are also available to shadow carers whilst they attend new clients, providing continuity for the clients whilst they are readjusting to new faces. Management are also there to support carers with manual handling equipment to ensure the correct safety protocols are always adhered to and therefore standardised across all Better Care staff.
• To ensure staffing levels are maintained, Joannah or the field care manager, are available to slot into the rota if there is sickness or other unforeseen circumstances that means a carer cannot work. Some clients are assessed to require 2 carers to perform care and this is always catered for in the rota. • With regards to medicines, all carers undertake an on-line safe administration of medication course supplied by Opus Pharmacy. If a carer is found to make a mistake they will be supervised and if it is felt necessary, sent on a more intense course carried out by our local provider Twynham Training. To reduce risk, we lock away the medication belonging to clients who lack capacity. • All carers are supplied with PPE, prior to Covid-19 this was an apron and gloves the advent of Covid-19 led to face masks and visors also being introduced, the visors being optional. Stocks of additional gloves are also maintained in client’s homes. Hand sanitizers have also been supplied to carers plus neat alcohol spray to sanitize their car interior in between visits. • We have also implemented an anti-bacterial clean of all surfaces 3 times a week to reduce the chance of cross-infection and contamination. We also change all towels, flannels and tea towels. This is all documented on a cross contamination form in the clients home. • We are aware that lessons can always be learned and there is always room for improvement. Our priority has to be to maintain both client and employee if an error occurs, we reflect and find a solution to avoid it happening again. We absolutely do not believe in a blame culture. • Joannah is a ‘Train the Trainer’ in manual handling and closely liaises with OTs to ensure safety around equipment use.
SAFE
EFFECTIVE
CARING
RESPONSIVE
WELL-LED
EFFECTIVE • We strive to offer best practice at all times. We have staff from a variety of medical backgrounds and understand that all interventions and practices are required to be evidence based. It is the role of the office manager to keep abreast of all current practice and notify any change across staff. • The carers are offered bespoke training both with local provider Twynham Training and in house. If there are conditions or diseases that we feel the staff may require more knowledge about an information document will be produced and circulated to give them more confidence in that area. • All new carers will do shadow training with an experienced staff member until they feel confident to work solo. If then they encounter difficulties, immediate support is always available, by means of WhatsApp and shadow calls field care manager support advice. • We are aware of the need to maintain a nutritious diet and the carers closely monitor the dietary intake of all clients. If we are concerned that clients are not eating, we will try other foods to encourage them to eat, commence a weekly weigh in and implement a food chart. Time will be factored in to feed clients if required. If this still does not work, we will refer to GP. All clients are encouraged to drink, given the option for a hot or cold drink at each visit and access to fluids for in between visits. For those who we are aware are reluctant to drink we will encourge fluids during visits. We also request that families provide foods with hidden sources of fluid, such as jellies, to enhance fluid intake. • We pride ourselves in the close working relationship we have with all other health care providers including GP’s, DN’s, community OT’s and pharmacists.
• Our carers will always reinforce the need for our clients to adhere to the advice given to them, for example, keeping those who are prone to lower leg swelling to keep their legs elevated as frequently as possible - or diabetics to maintain an appropriate diet. We also make sure their nails are looked after and that they have access to a chiropodist. • The carers are always looking for any thing that can be done to enhance the lives of our clients. If they feel an OT assessment is needed, they will make the suggestion to us and we will request a referral. We also have a handy man with DBS clearance who will go to the clients homes to undertake any alterations or repairs, fit key safes, change light bulbs, move heavy furniture, even plumbing if needed. Also support in the safe guarding for fire exits and clear pathways. We expect high standards from our carers so if they find marks on walls or door frames, they will clean them off. • It’s not just about the care plan, carers always go above and beyond. If the client requires shopping, collecting prescriptions/medication or trips out the carers will be available. If there is a sense that a client would benefit from companionship, Joannah will communicate this to family and stress the need to increase visits. Likewise, if it is felt that a move to a care home would enhance the quality of a client’s life, Joannah will source and photograph good quality accommodation to assist clients make their choice. • At the beginning of every visit the carers have to gain consent as soon as they enter a client’s home. • The care notes that are completed by carers at each visit are reviewed daily by a manager, we expect high standards of writing emphasising that no colloquialism or emojis should be used.
SAFE
EFFECTIVE
CARING
RESPONSIVE
WELL-LED
CARING • Our clients, are our family, and as such are treated as much loved elderly relatives. • Staff are selected on the basis that they are intrinsically caring, and those who are found to fall short in this area are not retained, we strongly stand by the ‘would you like that member of staff looking after you parents?’ test. • We have male carers but are mindful that not all ladies would be comfortable receiving care from a male, our clients are provided with a choice at all times. Likewise, for some of our male clients, to receive regular visits from male carers is preferable. Choice is always considered. • Clients are cared for holistically, meaning its not just the basics and then leave, carers are trained to monitor for change in mood of the clients and especially during the lockdown to be mindful of the negative impact this may have on their mental health. • All carers have been willing to increase their hours to deliver end of life care on several clients. Also, many carers have wanted to pay their respects at their funerals. • We encourage the carers to always take time to chat to the clients about how they are feeling and to feed back any concerns. • Carers are always looking for ways they can enhance the lives of our clients. For example, taking clients out for supervised walks or drives, especially those without family nearby, particularly during lockdown. Taking in art equipment to do some creative activities. Or just a bunch of flowers if they are feeling down. Always a card, flowers and chocolates on client’s birthdays. • We always ensure that clients are able to meet appointments taking them ourselves if necessary. We are entirely responsible for the shopping for several of our clients.
• We have implemented exercise programmes for some of our less mobile clients, this included passive leg exercises and use of a small static bike used whilst sitting in the chair. • The Clients views are always taken into account. The care plans are fluid not rigid and if the client expresses a preference this is fed back to management and acted on immediately. Likewise, for our clients who are not able to make the best-informed decisions especially due to confusion, we will guide them in the right direction. • We always reinforce that the client’s right to privacy is paramount, the carers adhere strictly to GDPR. • We encourage our clients to be independent within the realms of their safety, we appreciate that reliance on others for some aspects of life can be difficult but to offer minimal support can still allow them some control. • The most important rules about preserving dignity are always adhered to, for example ensuring curtains are closed before clients are dressed and covering the clients as much as possible during personal care. • If carers are concerned that a client is at risk, we will act immediately, for example confused clients have been leaving their homes without supervision and we have had alarms put on doors. • Essential to the role is to understand the story of our clients, understanding what is important to them, the journey that their lives have taken them on, the people and places that are/have been of significance. • The well-being of our carers is also a priority, we are always available if a member of staff needs to discuss any concerns they may have about the job. We appreciate that sometimes visits can be difficult and this can take its toll without adequate supervision. We are flexible with our shift patterns and aim to give the staff the time off that they request and much as we are quick to pick up on standards being maintained, we give positive encouragement just as readily.
SAFE
EFFECTIVE
CARING
RESPONSIVE
WELL-LED
RESPONSIVE • Through initial assessment we prepare a personalised care plan which is tailored to meet the individuals needs. We appreciate that these needs can evolve and we respond swiftly and accordingly. • Any concerns or complaints are dealt with immediately if its an issue with a care plan or timings of visits we respond immediately. Anything more serious we would request in writing and take appropriate action. • We have cared for several much-loved clients to ease their passing, Joannah and the management team are qualified in end of life care.We worked closely with the district nurses and doctors to ensure all requirements were in place to ensure a dignified and pain free death. Completing last offices ourselves. • If a carer raises a concern about the condition of a client, one of our management team will attend and decide if the client requires medical intervention. • For our clients who lack capacity and have no next of kin available we will advocate for them when dealing with other health care professionals. We will always be present should a client require a face-to-face consultation. • For clients who having become unwell or suffered a non-injury fall and have required immediate overnight support, we have been able to rally the carers to put in extra nights to cover. If there are no carers available the managers are prepared to complete night cover themselves.
SAFE
EFFECTIVE
CARING
RESPONSIVE
WELL-LED
WELL-LED • An assessment of need is carried out with family and client using our assessment form, we also touch on advanced care planning at this stage, the client is always integral to the care provided. Their preferences regarding timing of visits taken into consideration as far as is possible. • We believe in keeping our staff satisfied and motivated, this enhances the client’s experience. Carers are offered opportunities to develop professionally, they are given the chance to undertake level 3 and 5 qualifications in care, along with bespoke and in-house training. Our carers receive regular supervision and thorough appraisals, giving them an opportunity to raise concerns and set targets for their development. We have parties for the staff twice a year and had it not been for lockdown would have arranged an outing for all staff and clients. We gave the carers COVID-19 warrior certificates and £100 bonus each for all their hard work during the first lockdown. • We have clear communication with the management team which is immediate via the WhatsApp chat group. Use of the Pass electronic system gives the carers the opportunity to familiarise themselves with the clients and any changes to their care plan and read through notes before they go on shift. • Our small team is advantageous as all team members are hands on and know all the clients. Shadowing when commencing employment gives new carers plenty of opportunity to get hands on practice under supervision and allows them to gain confidence before going solo. The reporting procedures are clear regarding medications, accidents and safeguarding. The team includes 1 paramedic and a nurse who are on hand to offer advice or attend poorly clients. Senior carers have been given advanced skills training and are aware of what to look for with acutely poorly clients. • Smart uniforms are provided and staff are always polite and obliging. We have vehicles displaying our logos.
• We put emphasis on quality marketing, carrying out leaflet drops and advertising on social media, creating a user-friendly website, adverts in local magazines and national home care portal. • We were particularly innovative when we became aware of the COVID-19 crisis putting our carers into full PPE and implementing the daily temperatures and anti-bacterial cleans before the lockdown, we have acted upon all information from CQC and the council and attended COVID-19 webinars. • We have been invited to support BCP through this time taking council clients on an emergency basis and forging a good relationship with CHC who provide private clients from Royal Bournemouth hospital. • We have built good relationships with GP’s and district nurses developing a strong reputation and delivering good results. • We have received nominations for Carer of the Year, Registered Manager of the Year and Care Employer of the Year in the Great British Care Awards and we won Registered Manager of the Year. • Before a new client is visited by the carers a detailed summary of their needs and activities of daily living (ADL) ability is posted on the whatsapp chat so that all carers have an idea of how they will manage the client, the carers are also encouraged to read Pass before they attend. • We can very swiftly put together adverse weather contingencies and have 2 four-wheel drive vehicles ensuring all clients will be seen no matter the conditions. Christmas 2019 we put together Operation Snowball which prioritised our more needy clients but gave us a plan to get us to everybody. Thankfully we didn’t have to use it. • We produce a regular newsletter which updates the clients on news about the carers, gives them information about local organisations which may be of use and other educational information; we have covered information about hydration, nutrition and falls. We also have a small colouring competition for the clients to take part in.
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MEDICATIONS
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Acarbose
Diabetes type 2
Inflammatory bowel disease, Wind, soft stools, diarrhoea, previous abdominal surgery abdominal distension & pain
Acepril (Captopril)
High blood pressure, congestive heart failure
Aortic stenosis
Adalat (Nifedipine)
Prevention of angina, high Unstable angina blood pressure, Raynaud’s
Adcal
Osteoporosis
Adizem (Diltiazem)
Treatment of angina, high Low heart rate blood pressure
Headache, tiredness, hot flushes, low blood pressure
Adoport
Liver or heart problems Prevention of rejection following transplant surgery
Headache, diarrhoea, nausea, wind, constipation, disturbed sleep
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Post menopausal osteoporosis
Stricture of oesophagus, ulcers, active gastro intestinal bleeding
Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, flatulence
Alfacalcidol
Vitamin D supplement
High calcium levels, kidney stones
Skin rashes, itchiness, loss of appitite
Alfuzosin
Benign prostatic enlargement
Postural hypotension, loss of Drowsiness, dizzines, consiousness on urinating hypotension
Allopurinol
Gout (long term)
Acute gout
Rashes, nausea, dizziness or balance problems, acute sensitivity, headache
Amiloride
Oedma, hypertension
Kidney failure, diabetes mellitus
Rash, low blood pressure on standing, confusion
Aminophylline
Asthma - severe
Heart disease, palpitations, nausea, irregular heartbeat
Rapid heartbeat, palpitations, nausea, stomach irritation, headache
Amiodarone
Heart arrhythmias
Low heart rate, thyroid disease
Yellow or itchy skin, nausea, tremor
Amitriptyline
Treatment of depression and muscle relaxant
Recent heart attack, liver disease
Irregular heartbeat, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation
Amlodipine
High blood pressure, prevention of angina
Unstable angina, hardening of the arteries
Headache, swelling, rash, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, chest pain
Rapid heartbeat, weight loss, photosensitivity, flushing, sore mouth and gums Headache, flushing, dizziness, swelling, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, lethargy
Stomach upset, nausea, Hypercalcaemia, kidney failure, hyperparathyroidism vomiting, headache, slow or irregular heart beat
MEDICATIONS
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MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Amoxicillin
Antibiotic
History of allergy
Nausea, vomiting, rashes
Anastrozole
Cancer of the breast
Severe kidney impairment Hot flushes, sweating, vaginal bleeding, hair thinning, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Aroxia (Etoricoxib)
Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory bowel Abdominal pain, dizziness, disease, uncontrolled high swelling, flu like illness, blood pressure flatulance, chest pain
Aricept (Donepezil)
Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Supraventricular conduction Diarrhoea, muscle cramps, disturbances, risk of stomach fatigue, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, dizziness, headache, ulceration, asthma, copd fainting, loss of appetite
Arimidex (Anastrozole)
Advanced breast cancer
Severe kidney impairment
Arthrotec
Rheumatoid arthritis, acute gout, pain relief
Asprin or anti inflammatory Skin reactions, gastro allergy, bleeding from the intestinal upset, dizziness, stomach or bowel nausea, rashes, headache
Aspirin
Pain relief, inhibits the
Stomach ulcers, haemophilia, asthma
(Micropirin enteric formation of blood clots coated
Hot flushes, sweating, nausea, rash, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia
Gastro intestinal bleed, narrowed airway, increased bleeding time
Atenolol (Atenix) High blood pressure, Asthma, uncontrolled heart Low heart rate, narrowing of airway, stomach upsets, insomnia, angina, heart arrhythmias failure rash, sleep disturbances Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
High cholesterol
Liver Disease
Chest pain, insomnia, anorexia, rashes, dizziness, back pain
Atrovent
Chronic lung disease, chronic asthma
Glaucoma
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vivion, rapid heart beat
Baclofen
Severe spasticity eg: multiple sclerosis
Stomach ulcers, psychiatric illness, cerebral vascular disease
Nausea, sedation, dry mouth, low blood pressure, breathing or heart rate depression
Beclometasone
Asthma
Active Tuberculosis
Hoarsness, thrush of mouth and throat
Bendrofluazide or Swelling, high blood Bendroflumethiazide pressure
Severe kidney failure
Low blood pressure on standing, mild gastrointestinal effects, gout
Betahistine
Asthma, history of peptic ulcer
Gastro intestinal upset, headache, rash, itchiness
Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss associated with Meniere’s disease
MEDICATIONS MEDICATION
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USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Betnovate Psorasis, eczema, (steroidal cream) dermatitis
Use on acne rosacea, scabies, Thinning of the skin, leg ulcers, ringworm or hypersensitivity, contact fungal/viral skin disease dermatitis
Bezafibrate
Hyper lipidaemia not responding to diet
Kidney impairment
Gastro intestinal upset, itchiness, tiredness, hair loss, weight gain
Bicalutamide
Advanced prostrate cancer
Liver impairment
Hot flushes, nausea, dry skin, breast tenderness, vomiting, abdominal pain
Bisoprolol
High blood pressure, angina
Asthma
Heart failure, low blood pressure, gastro intestinal disturbances, insomnia
Buprenorphine
Moderate to severe pain
Opioid dependency, severe respiratoryor liver insufficiency
GI upset, dizziness, headache, insomnia, constipation, drowsiness
Burinex (Bumetanide)
Swelling associated with congestive heart failure
Pre comatose state associated with liver cirrhosis
Low blood pressure, stomach discomfort, rash, cramps
Calcichew
Calcium deficiency
Some malignant diseases Stomach upsets, slow or with high calcium levels irregular heartbeat, flatulence
Calcitriol
Vitamin D deficiency
Impaired kidney failure
Stomach upsets
Candesarten
High blood pressure
Liver and kidney impairment
Flu like symptoms including runny nose, sore throat, dizziness, headache, back pain, nausea, rash
Capasal
Seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis of scalp
Nil noted
Nil noted
Captopril (Capoten, also known as Acepril)
Mild to moderate high blood pressure and adjunct to diaretics
Aortic stenosis, outflow obstruction
Rapid heartbeat, weight loss, sore mouth and gums, rash, flushing, photosensitivity
Carbamazepine
Manic depression
Bone marrow depression
Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, visual disturbances, weight gain, ataxia
Carbocisteine
Reduction of sputum viscosity
Active Peptic Ulceration
Gastrointestinal irritation, rashes
Carbomer
Dry eyes
None
None
Cardicor
Modcerate to severe heart Report any adverse failure reactions
Sleep disturbances, slow heartbeat, tiredness on exertion, stomach upset
MEDICATIONS
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MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Cardura (Doxazosin)
High blood pressure, benign prostatic enlargement
Susceptibility to heart failure
dizziness on standing, vertigo, headache, gastro intestinal upset
Carvedilol
Chronic heart failure
Hypotension, slow heart rate and heart block
Low blood pressure on standing, headache, gastro intestinal upset
Casodex
Advanced prostrate cancer
Diabetes, anemia, liver problems, pregnancy
Hot flushes, breast tenderness, nausea, dry skin
Cefalexin (Tenkorex)
Antibiotic
Chronic kidney disease
Hypersensitivity gastro intestinal upset
Celebrex (Celecobix)
Osteoarthritis
Asthma, heart disease, hypotension
Fluid retention GI upset dizziness
Celiprolol
High blood pressure
Asthma, heart disease, low blood pressure
Feeling dizzy, sleepy, tired or light-headed
Chlorthalidone
Diuretic
Hypotension
Gout, rash, low blood pressure on standing, dizziness, GI upset
Cimetidine
Heart burn and ulcers
Stomach cancer, chronic kidney disease
Diarrhoea, dizziness, tiredness
Cipramil (Citalopram)
Depressive Illness
Severe kidney or liver impairment
Nausea, sweating, tremor, dry mouth
Ciprofloxacin
Infections of the eye
Soft contact lenses
Skin rashes
Clarithromycin
Respiratory tract infections
Kidney impairment
Indigestion, smell and taste disturbances, headaches, inflamed tongue
Clonazepam
Epilepsy (prevention of nerve pain)
Any breathing difficulties
Drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, muscle weakness, coordination disturbances
Clopidogrel
Anticoagulant
Severe liver impairment active bleeding in peptic ulcer
Bleeding episodes, gastro intestinal upset, skin reactions
Co-Amilofruse
Oedema associated with heart problems
Liver, kidney failure
Tiredness and weakness, stomach upset, rash
Co-Amilozide
High blood pressure, heart failure
Kidney failure
Rash, gout
Co-Amoxiclav
Antibiotic
Penecillin sensitivity
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash
Parkinsons Disease
Diabetes, glaucoma, angina, stomach ulcer, previous fits
loss of appetite, feeling or being sick
(also Augemntin)
Co-Careldopa
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Co-codamol, Co-dydramol
Prescription medication for pain relief
COPD
Nausea, vomiting, severe constipation
Co-Danthramer
Treatment of prevention or analgesic induced constipation
Intestinal obstruction
Colouring of urine
Codanthrusate
Constipation
Intestinal obstruction
Discolouration of urine
Codeine Phosphate
Mild to moderate pain, cough suppression
Respiratory depression
Tolerance, dependence, dry mouth, constipation
Co-dydramol
Moderate pain
Colomycin
Infection in patients with cystic fibrosis
Co-tenidone
High blood pressure
Slow pulse rate
Low blood pressure on standing, cold extremities, bronchospasm, fatigue
Co-Trimoxazole
Water infections
Blood disorders
Nausea, diarrhoea, rash headache, hyperkalemia,
Coversyl
Adjunct to digitalis in heart problems
Pregnancy
Localised skin rashes, itching or flushing, taste impairment
Cyclizine
Antiemetic (stops vomiting)
Respiratory depression
Tolerance, dependence, constipation
Cytotec
Treatment of duodenal ulcer
Pregnancy
Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, stomach upset
Dalteparin
Prevention in patients undergoing surgery to prevent deep vein thrombosis
Haemorrhage, injection site Recent cerebral bleeds, sever high blood pressure, reactions, hypersensitivity reaction, priapsim peptic ulcer
Detrusitol
Irritable bladder
Urinary retention
Dry mouth, stomach upset, headache, dry skin
Dexamethasone
Steroid
Tuberculosis, diabetes
Gastro intestinal effects
Diazepam (Valium)
Used short term in anxiety Breathing problems, chronic psychosis or insomnia
Diclofenac
Rheumatiod arthritis
Respiratory depression, acute asthma, acute alcoholism
Constipation
Headache, rash, muscle pain
Ischaemic heart disease, arterial disease, congestive heart failure
Drowsiness, light-headiness, confusion, proplems with balance Stomach upset, stomach wall erosion, vaginal bleeding, skin reactions
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Didronel
Treatment of Osteoporosis
Pregnancy, kidney impairment
Nausea, diarrhoea
Digoxin
Heart failure, irregular heart rhythms
Recent heart attack, elderly kidney insufficiency, thyroid
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, visual disturbances, abdominal pain
Dihydrocodeine
Severe pain
Respiratory depression
Constipation, nausea, vomiting, headache
Diltiazem
Angina
Heart failure
Slow pulse, nausea, skin reactions
Diprobase
Treatment of dry and itching skin
None
Sensitisation
Dipyridamole
Secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke
Active peptic ulcer
(Persantin/Asasantin)
Stomach upset, headache, dizziness
Dithyistilbestrol
Treats prostrate cancer
Liver involvement
Swelling, blood clots, jaundice
Docusate Sodium Laxative
None stated
No series side effects
Donepezil
Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Supraventricular conduction Diarrhoea, muscle cramps. disturbances, risk of stomach fatigue, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, dizziness, headache, ulceration, asthma, copd fainting, loss of appetite
Dosulepin
Depression
Heart block, mania, liver problems
Dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness
Dothiepin
Depression
Acute MI
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision
Doxazosin
High blood pressure
Bowel obstruction
Dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea
Doxepin
Depression
Certain heart problems
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision
Doxycyline
Pneumonia, respiratory infection
Pregnancy
GI upset
Dulohalac (Lactulose)
Constipation
Lactose intolerance, intestinal obstruction
Flatulence
Dutasteride
Benign prostatic enlargement
Contraindicated for women and adolescents
Impotence and ejaculation disorders
Ebixa (Memantine)
Moderate to severe Alzheimer’s
Severe kidney impairment
GI upset, abdominal pain, dry mouth, discolouration of urine, abnormal movements
(Disodium Etidronate)
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Enalapril
Heart problems
Pregnancy, aortic stenosis Low blood pressure, kidney failure, rash, headache, fatigue, dizziness
Ensure plus
Nutritional supplement
N/A
N/A
Entacapone
Parkinson’s
Liver impairment, pregnancy
Discolouration of urine, GI upset, insomnia, hallucinations, confusion
Eprosartan
High blood pressure
Damaged liver
Dizziness, flatulence
Erythromycin
Oral and respiratory-tract infections
Diarrhea, hearing loss, abnormal heart rhythm, liver problems.
Upset stomach, diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite
Escitalopram
Depression, panic disorder, social anxiety
Diabetes, epilepsy, seizures
Nausea, sweating, insomnia, fatigue
Esomeprozole
Oesophageal reflux
Liver disease, pregnancy
Headache, stomach upset, skin rashes, dizziness
Exelon
Mild to severe Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s
Liver impairment
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, shakiness
Felodipine
High blood pressure
Unstable angina, uncontrolled heart failure
Headaches, dizziness, flushing, pounding heartbeat, swollen ankles
Ferrous Suplhate + Iron deficiency, anaemia Ferrous Fumarate
Diverticular disease
Stomach upset, blackened stools
Fexofenadine
Chronic urticaria, antihistamine
Severe kidney (renal) impairment
Vomiting, headache, cough, diarrhoea, muscle pain, fever
Finasteride
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostrate cancer (BPH), urinary retention
Impotence, testical pain, urticaria
Flecainide Acetate
Ventricular rapid heart beat
Heart failure, atrial fibrillation
Nausea, visual disturbances, allergic skin reasctions
Flucloxacillin
Antibiotic
History of allergy
Hypersensitivity, fever, joint aches, rashes, anaphylaxis
Fludrocortisone
Regulate mineral and fluid Systemic fungal infections GI effects, muscle weakness, water retention, skin reactions levels
Fluoxetine
Depression, anxiety
Seizures, mania, liver impairment, diabetes
Fluvastatin
hypercholesterolemia, to prevent cardiovascular disease
Severe kidney impairment, Dyspepsia, nausea, insomnia, abdominal pain active liver disease
GI effects, headache, sleep abnormalities
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Folic Acid
Megaloblastic anaemia
Narrowing of arteries, previous angioplasty
Mottling of teeth, nausea, constipation
Furosemide Oedema (Diuretic) Frumil
Liver cirrhosis, kidney failure
Malaise, stomach upset, low potassium level, low sodiam level
Fybogel
Constipation
Intestinal obstruction, No serious side effects faecal impaction, difficulty swallowing
Gabapentin
Neuropathic pain
Psychotic illness
Galantamine (Gatalin)
Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Kidney or liver impairment GI upsets, fatigue, dizziness, confusion
Gaviscon
Heartburn, reflux, hiatus hernia
Diarrhea, hemorrhoids, constipation, decreased kidney function
No serious side effects
Glipenclamide
Non insulin dependent diabetes
Kidney failure, liver insufficiency
Skin rash, stomach upset, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, tremor
Gliclazide
Type 2 diabetes
Renal failure
Stomach ache or indigestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation
Glyceryl trinitrate
Treatment of angina
None of significance
Headache, flushes, dizziness
Hiprex
Antibiotic specifically for urinary tracts
Severe dehydration, kidney infection, gout, decreased liver function
Rash, itching, stomach irritation, bladder irritation
Hydroxycarbamide Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Children
Nausea, skin reactions
Hydroxyzine
Depression
Glaucoma, heart attack, chronic heart failure
Kidney impairment, drowsiness
Ibuprofen
Mild to moderate pain
Active peptic ulcer, asthmatics
Stomach upset or bleeding, rash
Imodium
Diarrhoea
Acute ulcerative colitis
Abdominal cramps, bloating, rashes, nausea, tiredness
Indometacin
Rheumatoid arthritis
Active peptic ulcer
GI bleeding, persistent headache, corneal deosits, retinal disturbances
Indoramin
High blood pressure
Heart failure
Drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, depression
(Norimode OR Loperamide)
(Indocid, Indomethacin)
Dizziness, ataxia, amnesia, anxiety
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Ipratropium
Chronic obstructive airways disease
Bladder obstruction, glaucoma
Headache, nausea
Isosorbide mononitrate
Angina
Cerebral bleed, low blood pressure
Headache, flushes, dizziness
Lactulose
Constipation
Lactose intolerance, intestinal obstruction
Flatulence
Lamotrigine
Epilepsy
Liver and kidney impairment
Headache, GI upset, blurred vision
Lanoxin in digoxin
Chronic heart failure
Intermittent complete heart failure
Stomach upset, viual and heart disturbances
Lansoprazole
Stomach ulcers
Liver disease, stomach cancer
Hair loss, bruising, tiredness
Laxoberal
Constipation
Inflammatory bowel disease
None listed
Leflunomide
Rheumatoid arthritis
Use under speicalist supervision
Increased blood pressure, stomach upset
Lercanidipine
High blood pressure
Heart failure
Flushing, headaches, dizziness
Letrozole
Breast cancer
Liver impairment
Headache, fatigue, GI upsets, cough
Levothyroxine
Hypothyroidism
Kidney or myocardial insufficiency
Arrhythmias, angina pain, rapid heartbeat
Lipitor in atorvastatin
High cholesterol
Liver disease
GI upset, insomnia
Lisinopril (Zestril)
High blood pressure and heart failure
Pregnancy, kidney problems
Low blood pressure, rash, dizziness, headache, fatigue
Lithium
Treatment and prevention
Should not be prescribed for children and caution required for anyone prescribed a diuretic
Stomach problems, fine tremor, weight gain, urinate frequently, fluid retention, toxicity
Lofepramine
Depression
Acute MI, liver disease, coronary insufficiency
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, allergic skin reactions
Loprazolam
Insomnia
Acute pulmonary insufficiency
Drowsiness, light-headiness, muscle weakness, ataxia, confusion, vertigo
Loratadine (Clarityn)
Symptomatic relief of allergy ie: hay fever
Kidney and liver impairment
Headache, akin rashes, nausea, dizzyness
better known as Atrovent
(Imdur, Elantan)
Administration of bi-polar disorder requires regular blood tests to measure plasma concentrations
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Lorazepam
Relieves anxiety and insomnia
Severe breathing problems, delusions, liver or kidney problems
Drowsiness, confusion, lack of co-ordination, amnesia and hypotention
Lormetazepam
Insomnia
Respiratory depression
Drowsiness, light-headiness, muscle weakness
Losartan
High blood pressure
Heart failure
Diarrhoea, dizziness, taste disturbance
Losec in omeprazole
Digestive problems
Pregnancy, lactation
Headache, skin rashes
Lustral (Sertraline)
Depression
Kidney impairment
Dry mouth, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, drowsiness
Madopar
Parkinson’s disease
Severe psychoses, narrow Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, postural low angle glaucoma blood pressure, involunatry movements
Mebeverine
Irritable bowel syndrome
Paralytic Ileus
Rarely rashes
Megestrol Acetate Breast cancer
History of liver tumours and liver impairment
Weight gain, nausea, headache, dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness
Meloxicam
Analgesia, osteoarthritis
Peptic ulcer, liver or kidney failure
GI perforation, ulceration or upset, rash
Memantine
Moderate to severe dementia
If allergic to any of the ingredients
Constipation, headache, drowsiness
Meptazinol
Moderate pain
Respiratory depression, Dizziness, gastro intestinal liver or kidney insufficiency upset
Metformin Hydrocloride
Diabetes mellitus
Liver or kidney impairment, Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, heart failure, severe diarrhoea (usually transient) rashes infection or trauma
Methotrexate
Severe arthritis
Liver disease, blood depression
Pulmonary disease, GI upset, bone marrow deoression
Methylphenidate Helps relieve fatigue, also used in hyperactivity
Cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, alcohol abuse and agitated
Insomnia, restlessness, rash, dizzinesee, headache, euphoria
Methysergide
Stomach ulcers
Nausea,vomiting, drowsiness, abdominal discomfort, behavioural disturbances
Metoclopramide Prevention of sickness
Recent stomach surgery
Heart burn and regurgitation
Metoprolol
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), sick sinus syndrome, AV block
Cold extremities, exertional tiredness, gastro intestinal upset
Severe recurrent headaches
Heart and blood pressure problems
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Metronidazole
Bacterial and protozoal anarobic infections
Alcohol, liver impairment
Gastro intestinal disturbances, loss of appetite, taste disturbances
Miacalcic nasal spray
Post menopausal osteoporosis
Lithium tablets may have to be reduced
Tiredness, dizziness and problems with vision
Mirtazapine
Depression
Epilepsy, liver or kidney Increased appetite and impairment, heart disorders weight gain, postural low blood pressure
Mogadon (Nitrazepam)
Respiratory depression, Short term treatment of insomnia when it is severe phobic or obsessional states, liver insufficiency
Muscle weakness, confusion, low blood pressure, vertigo, long term dependence
Monomax in Angina Isosorbide mononitrate
Cerebral bleed and hypotension
Headache, flushes, dizziness
Morphine M/R
Acute and severe pain
Respiratory depression
Tolerance, dependence, constipation, nausea
Motilium (Domperidone)
Stomach ache, nausea and vomiting
Stomach obstruction
Rash, involuntary muscle movement
Movicol
Chronic constipation
Bowel obstruction
Abdominal distension, nausea
MST
Prolonged relief of constant pain
Respiratory depression, head injury
Nausea, vomiting, dependence
Mycophenolate Mofetil
Digestive disease
Kidney (unless for kidney transplant) or digestive
Prone to infection, bruising, stomach upset, diarrhoea
Naftidrofuryl
Cerebral vascular disorders
Naproxen (Naprosyn)
Anagelisic
Taking Asprin/antiinflammatory induced allergy
Rash, stomach irritation, headache, ringing in the ears
Nicorandil
Prevention and treatment of angina
Low blood pressure
Headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and weakness, mouth ulcers
Nitrazepam
Short term treatment of insomnia
Respiratory depression, chronic psychosis
Drowsiness, ataxia, confusion, vertigo, low blood pressure, visual disturbances, rashes
Nitrodur Patch
Treatment of angina
None of significance
Headache, flushes, dizziness
Nitrofurantion
Urinary tract infection
Kidney impairment
Aneroxia, nauses, vomiting, diarrhoea, pulmonary reactions
Normacol
Constipation
Intestinal obstruction
Nil
Nausea
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Nortripyline
Depression
Acute myocardial infarction heart block
Dry mouth, constipation. urinary retention, blurred vision, tinnitus
Olanzapine
Schizophrenia
Narrow angle glaucoma
Somnolence, weight gain, increased appetite, dizziness
Omeprazole (Losec)
Oesophageal reflux
Liver disease, pregnancy
Headache, stomach upset, skin rashes, dizziness
Oramorph
Severe pain
Respiratory depression
Dependence, constipation, nausea, vomiting, sedation
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Urnary incontinence, bladder instability
Ulcerative colitis, glaucoma
Dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, nausea, dizziness
Oxycontin (Oxycodone)
Moderate to severe cancer Head injury, respiratory pain depression
Constipation, headaches, drowsiness
Oxynorm
Moderate to severe cancer Acute respiratory pain depression
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness
Pantoprazole
Duodenal and benign Liver impairment stomach ulcer. Prevention
Headache, dizziness, rash, diarrhoea
Paracetamol
Pain relief and to lower temperature
Side effects are rare
Paroxetine (Seroxat)
Depression, panic attacks Severe kidney, liver impairment
Nausea, tremor, dry mouth, constipation
Perindopril
Congestive heart disease
Kidney impairment
Rash, tiredness, headache, mild cough
Persantin
Secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke
Severe coronary heart disease
Stomach upset, headache, dizziness, low blood pressure
Phenergan
Allergic conditions
Phenytoin
Irregular heartbeat, seizures
Piriton
Allergic conditions
Drowsiness, impaired reactions, dizziness
Plavix
Prevention of clotting after Liver impairment, stroke or heart attack peptic ulcer, intracranial haemorrhage
Gastro intestinal upset, skin reactions, bleeding episodes
Pravastatin
High cholesterol
Liver, kidney, thyroid, muscle or blood issues
Muscle pain, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, headache, disturbed sleep
Prednisolone
Steroid
Systemic infections
Hallucinations
(Chlorpheniramine)
Drowsiness, dizziness Severe epileptic fits, severe head injuries
Liver dysfunction, withdraw drug gradually
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Pregabalin
Peripheral and central nerve pain
Avoid abrupt withdrawal
Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, swelling
Primidone
Treatment of epilepsy
Porphyria
Visual disturbances, nausea, dizziness
Prochlorperazine Vertigo due to Meniere’s (Stemetil) disease, nausea, migraine
Kidney or liver impairment Low blood pressure particularly in the elderly, drowsiness, insomia, skin reactions
Propranolol
Angina
Obstructive airways disease, heartblock and enlargement, bronchospasm
Sleep disturbances, slow hearbeat, tiredness on exertion, stomach upset
Prothiaden
Depression and anxiety
Other anti depressents
Dry mouth, blurred vision, GI upset
Prozac (Fluoxetine)
Depression with or Severe kidney failure, without anxiety, obsession lactation, unstable epilepsy, liver failure
Nausea, vomiting, headache, amxiety, drowsiness, fever, rash, convulsions
Quetiapine
Manic episodes
Low blood pressure, epilepsy
Dizziness, dry mouth, constipation
Quinine
Treatment for leg cramps at night
Blood pigments in the urine, irritated eyes
Tinnitus, headache, hot flushes, visual disturbances, confusion
Rabeprazole
Stomach ulcers
Kidney impairment
Vertigo, alopecia, reversible confusion, cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis
Ramipril
Mild to moderate high blood pressure
Hypotension hypokalaemia
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, cough
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Duodenal ulceration
Malignant disease
Diarrhoea, dizziness
Rasagiline
Parkinson’s disease
Interactions with antidepressants
Flu like symptoms, headache, nausea, joint pain, upset stomach, dpression
Reminyl (Galantamine)
Mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s dementia
Severe liver or kidney impairment
Stomach upset fatigue, dizziness, headache, somnolence, weight loss, confusion
Rifampicin
Severe infections
Liver impairment
Flu like symptoms, GI upset
Risedronate
Treatment of post menopausal osteoporosis
Hypocalcaemia, severe kidney impairment
GI upset, musculoskeletal pain, headache, rashes
Risedronate (Actonel)
Osteoporosis
Kidney impairment
GI upset, headache
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Acute and chronic schizophrenia and other psychoses
Kidney disease, liver disease, epilepsy
Insomnia, agitation, anxiety, headaches, dizziness, stomach upset
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Prophylaxis of or treatment of thrombotic events for people with risk factors or after surgery
Severe liver disease, peptic ulcer and severe high blood pressure. Other blood thinners eg: Asprin
Stomach pain, constipation, diarrhoea, dizziness, indegestion, excess bleeding, hypotension, headache, nausea, vomiting, itchiness or rash, pain in hands or feet
Rivastigmine
Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Severe liver disease
Anorexia, dizziness, disturbed sleep, stomach pain, agitation, confusion
Rivotril
Epilepsy (prevention of nerve pain)
Any breathing difficulties
Drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, muscle weakness, coordination disturbances
Salbutamol
Asthma, chronic bronchitis
Hyperthyroidism
Fine tremor, headache
Sando-K
Potassium deficiency
Acute dehydration
Gastrointestinal upset
Selegiline
Parkinson’s disease
Active duodenal or stomach upcer
Back pain, dizziness, tremor, sore throat, mouth ulceration
Sertraline
Depression, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Glaucoma, arhythmia or other severe heart problems
Nausea, headache, insomnia or interupted sleep pattern, dry mouth, dizziness, diarrhoea, lethargy, erectile disfunction
Senna
Constipation
Intestinal obstruction
Stomach discomfort, cramps, diarrhoea
Serc (Betahistine)
Vertigo, tinnitus
Seretide
Asthma
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Oral thrush, hoarseness, headache, palpitations, hypersensitivity
Simvastatin
High cholesterol levels
Liver disease, pregnancy
Headache, gastrointestinal upsets, flatulence, constipation
Sinemet
Manage the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Glaucoma, psychoses, breast feeding
Nausea, vomiting, postural low blood pressure, involuntary movements, urine discoloration, insomnia, agitation
Slow Fe
Iron and folic acid deficiency
Anaemia
Nausea, constipation, diarrhoea
Slow K
Potassium depletion
Advanced kidney failure
Nausea and vomiting, stop taking if symptoms are severe
Slow sodium
Sodium depletion
None shown
None shown
(Carbidop-Levodopa)
Stomach upset, headache, rash
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Sodium Bicarbonate
Indigestion, or to reduce blood or urine acidity
High blood pressure, kidney disease, heart failure, intestinal issues
Thirst, stomach pains, wind, headaches, nausea
Sodium Clodronate
Given to reduce the risk of Moderate to severe kidney Nausea, diarrhoea, skin breast cancer spreading to impairment reactions, asymptomatic the bones hypocalcaemia
Sodium Picosulfate
Constipation
Electolyte imbalance
Abdominal cramp and diarrhoea
Sodium valproate
Epilepsy
Liver disease
Nausea, stomach irritation, diarrhoea
Soneryl
Severe intractable insomnia
Uncontrolled pain
Hangover with drowsiness, dizziness, uncoordinated walking, respiratory
Sotalol Hyrochloride
Ventricular arrhythmias
Asthma, low blood pressure
Gastro intestinal upset, difficulty breathing, headache
Spasmonal (Alverinecitrate)
Irritable bowel sydrome
Pregnancy
None known
Spiriva (Tiotropium)
Obstructive pulmonary diesease
Hypersensitivity to Atropine
Constipation, dry mouth
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Congestive heart failure, swelling in cirrhosis of the liver
Severe kidney impairment, Addisons disease, hyperkalemia
Electrolyte and metobolic disturbance, stomach upset, confusions, rash
Stalevo
Parkinson’s disease
Severe liver impairment
Insomnia, hallucinations, confusion, morbid dreams
Stelazine
Anxiety, depression
Cardiovascular disease, angina, epilepsy, parkinsonism
Dry mouth, difficulty in passing urine, rapid heartbeat, constipation
Stemetil Nausea, vomiting, veritgo (Prochioperazine)
Bone marrow depression, Central nervous system liver or kidney dysfunction, disturbances, heart & endocrine parkinsonism, epilepsy, changes, allergic effects, dry mouth, blurred vision
Strontium Ranelate
Post menopausal osteoporosis
Kidney impairment
Stugeron
Dizziness, motion sickness
Surmontil
Depression, sleep disturbance
Coronary insufficiency, severe liver disease
Dry mouth , constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, stomach irritation, weight change
Symbicort (Budesonide)
Asthma
Cardiac arrythmias and hypertension
Hoarseness, tremor, headache, muscle cramp
Headaches, nausea, diarrhoea, dermatitis, eczema Drowsiness, rash
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Tamoxifen
Treatment of breast cancer Pregnancy
Tamsulosin
Benign prostatic enlargement
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Hot flushes, vaginal bleeding, GI distress, visual disturbances
Severe kidney impairment, Dizziness, headache, postural low blood pressure low blood pressure
Tegretol Prevent and control (Carbamazepine) seizures, analgesia
History of bone marrow depression
Telmisartan High blood pressure Hydrocholorthiazide
Biliary obstruction, kidney Headache, upper respiratory impairment tract infection, dizziness, pain, fatigue, GI
Temazepam
Insomnia
See Nitrazepam
See Nitrazepam
Temgesic
Moderate to severe pain
Narcotic dependence, impaired respiratory or liver function
Drowsiness, nausea, dizziness, sweating
Teoptic
Glaucoma
Asthma, COPD
Irritation, burning, pain of the eye, blurred vision
Tetracycline
Antibiotic
Liver or kidney impairment, pregnancy
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dysphagia
Thyroxine
Treatment for deficient production of thyroid
Acute heart attack
Anginal pain, rapid heart rate, muscle cramps, headache, flushing, sweating
Ticagrelor
Prevention of blood clots
Lung, liver or heart disease, stomach ulcer
Shortness of breath, nosebleeds
Tildien (Diltiazem)
High blood pressure, angina
Left V.F, sick sinus sydrome, Hypotension, slow heart rate 2nd & 3rd degree A.V block left ventricular dysfunction, ankle swelling, nausea, headache, rash
Timoptol
Ocular high blood pressure, glaucoma
Asthma, lung disease, slow heartbeat
Tinzaparin
Prevention of blood clots in legs and lungs
Recent stroke, peptic ulcer, Bleeding, hair loss after severe high blood pressure prolonged use
Tolterodine (Detrusitol)
Irritable bladder
Urinary retention
Dry mouth, stomach upset, headache, dry skin
Tramadol (Zydol)
Moderate to severe pain
Pregnancy
Stomach upset, allergic reactions, rash, itchiness
Tranexamic Acid Local or general fibrinolytic states
Kidney impairment
GI Upset
Tranylcypromine Depressive illness
Liver impairment, abnormal liver functions
Low blood pressure on standing, dizziness
(Buprenorphine hydrochloride)
Dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, stomach upset, skin reactions
Irritation, blurred vision, bronchospasm
MEDICATIONS
continued...
MEDICATION
USAGE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Trazodone (Molipaxin)
Treatment of depression
Epilepsy, severe kidney or heart disease
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, low blood pressure on standing
Trimethoprim
Urinary tract infection
Kidney impairment
Bowel and skin reactions
Tylex
Severe pain
Depression of central nervous system
Low blood pressure, raised intra cranial pressure
Urispas
Incontinence
Obstructive conditions of Headache, nausea, fatigue, the bowel or urinary tracts diarrhoea
Valium (Diazepam)
Used in short term cases of anxiety or insomnia
Breathing problems, chronic psychosis
Drowsiness, light-headedness, confusion, balance problems
Valsartan (Diovan)
High blood pressure
Severe liver impairment, cirrhosis
Diarrhoea, dizziness, fatigue, taste disturbance
Vancomycin
Life threatening infections Kidney impairment, hearing problems
Flushing, nausea, fever, hearing loss
Venlafaxine
Treatment of depressive illness
Pregnancy
Nausea, headache, insomnia, dry mouth, dizziness, constipation
Verapamil
Irregular heartbeat
Severly slow heartbeat
Constipation, flushes, headache
Viscotears
Eye lubricant
Pregnancy, lacation, contact lenses
Transient irritation, blurred vision on application, sticky eyelid
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D deficiency
Voltarol (anti inflammatory)
Musculo-skeletal disorders, arthritis pain due to trauma
Kidney or heart problems, monitor patients on long term use
Stomach upsets including bleeding, headache, dizziness, rash
Warfarin
Preventative treatment for
Peptic ulcer, severe high blood pressure
Excessive bleeding, rash, diarrhoea, hypersensitivity, jaundice, nausea, vomiting
Zimovane
Insomnia
Pregnancy
Dizziness, headache
Zispin (Mirtazipine)
Treatment of depressive illness
Pregnancy
Weight gain, drowsiness, swelling
Zocor (Simvastatitin)
Mild to moderate lipid lowering medication
Pregnancy
Pruritus, burning
Zolpidem
Insomnia
Depression, psychotic illness
Dizziness, headache, memory loss
Zomorph
Severe chronic pain
Respiratory depression
Dependence, drowsiness, confusion
Zopiclone
Treatment of insomnia
Respiratory failure, periods of Metallic aftertaste, stomach not breathing while sleeping upset
Regular blood tests to leg or lung blood clots check levels and dosage altered accordingly
NOTES