SUST 708 principles of sustainable materials
Charisse Bennett winter 2010 T / T 5 Prof Ursula Tischner
assignment selection / comparison / discussion
one un-sustainable material one sustainable material
01
petrochemicals
(crude oil) long time to break down releasing toxins bleaches colors
negative impacts with their disposable nature and final resting place in the landfill
un-sustainable material disposable plate
un-sustainable material disposable plate
Consumption of Resources : 3
can be from recycled paper, paper plates have a wax coating, more difďŹ cult to recycle
Consumption of Energy : 3
manufacturing of paper pulp or plastic & ďŹ nal product
Hazardous Substances / Emissions : 2 Origin and Transportation : 4 un-sustainable material disposable plate
paper has bleach, dyes & ink plastic has toxins made almost everywhere
Aspects of Lifespan : 1
paper meant for one use plastic occasionally used more than once over all short lifespan
Waste Generation : 1
a waste product in itself
Bio-diversity & Protection of Natural Areas : 3
natural resources are used for the manufacture of paper and plastic
Social Aspects : 2
un-sustainable material disposable plate
continues to promote products with short lifespans that our society is so well known for
Biodegradable
natural and renewable no trees are cut down from South
India
sustainable material palm leaf plate
fallen leaves
collected rinsed
with water air dry
hand stretched
& flattened
molded with
a heated press sun-dried In addition to this environmentally conscious & packaged production method, these durable palm leaf plates are also completely biodegradable & compostable. The leaf itself varies in thickness from 2 to 4mm, as sustainable material well as in colour and pattern, so the products vary in palm leaf plate thickness, colour and pattern too.
sustainable material palm leaf plate
http://www.verterra.com/
Consumption of Resources : 6
makes use of natural resources that would be otherwise burned or composted
Consumption of Energy : 5
mostly human energy, minimal energy use for heat and pressure
Hazardous Substances / Emissions : 6 Origin and Transportation : 2 sustainable material palm leaf plate
none
currently large transportation to the States from India
Aspects of Lifespan : 4
Waste Generation : 5 Bio-diversity & Protection of Natural Areas : 6 Social Aspects : 5
sustainable material palm leaf plate
short but giving waste a second lifespan and can decompose in 2 months only a bit of dirty water no trees are cut down, a natural waste material positive productive outcome for developing areas, workers are paid fair wages, safe working conditions, access to health care
Palm trees and their waste leaves are found throughout
Savannah, Georgia. Can the same process be used here to make a
similar product?
sustainable material palm leaf plate
assignment applications for material selection current possible
02
simple everyday products However, a majority of these products must be made with fresh palm leaves cut from the tree rather than the dead leaves that fall down.
current uses applications
What if palm leaf
material can be used to make these types of products?
posible uses applications
or these...
posible uses applications
or even these...
posible uses applications
assignment experimentation / design / document
03
process collection / experimentation
Step 1 :
Collect ingredients
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 1
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 2
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 3
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 4
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 4 Basic Waterproof Glue
6 tbsp water 2 packets unflavored gelatin (1/2 oz.) 2 tbsp white vinegar 2 tsp glycerine Bring water to a boil. Remove from heat & stir in gelatin until it is dissolved. Add vinegar & glycerin, stir well. Let mixture cool slightly & pour into a jar, seal tightly. To Use: Apply to surfaces using a brush while warm. Glue will gel after a few days.
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 5
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 5 Corn Starch Clay/Binder 1 cup Corn Starch 2 cups diced palm leaves 1-1/4 cups cold water
In saucepan stir corn starch & baking soda. Add water, stir until smooth. Stirring constantly, cook over medium heat until reaches the consistency of SLIGHTLY dry mashed potatoes. When cool, knead until smooth and pliable. Shape as desired with hands or a rolling pin. To oven dry: Preheat oven to 350 degrees, then turn oven OFF. Place in oven until oven is cold. Repeat as necessary.
process
Step 2 :
Experimentation Attempt 6
process
production next steps
Step 3 :
Adaptation New Uses
process
Step 4 :
Consumer Awareness Brand / Knowledge
process
assignment prototype / evaluate / document
04
Palm Leaf
Wood (China)
Wood (USA)
product comparison
collect
grow
sort
nourish
process
compost
use distribute
life cycle analysis
bake
form
combine mix heat
Palm Leaf 5.8 Okala mPts Greatest Impacts: per 1 year of use Bagasse, from sugarcane (similar to Palm Leaf) 1 year life estimate Human Carcinogens Manufacturing
Wood (USA) 8.9 Okala mPts Greatest Impacts: per 1 year of use Wood disposal, landďŹ ll Human Toxicity 5 year life estimate End of Life 45 mPts Sustainable Minds LCA
8 Criteria for Evaluation
Consumption of Resources : Material Resources Water Resources Renewable/non-renewable Consumption of Energy : Energy / Use
8 Criteria for Evaluation
Palm Leaf
Wood (China)
Wood (USA)
5 Waste materials, Second life To mix materials No waste water Renewable
3 Wood Source Unknown
5 FSC CertiďŹ ed Wood
Unknown
Minimal
Renewable
Renewable
4 4 Cutting, sanding, Chopping, grinding, mixing nailing
4 Cutting, sanding, nailing
Hazardous Substances / Emissions : Production and supply of Use of Recycling / Disposal of Origin & Transportation : Origin Transportation
8 Criteria for Evaluation
Palm Leaf
Wood (China)
Wood (USA)
5 Minimal None None
3 Unknown None None
5 Minimal None None
5 Locally collected
1 Made in China Distributed from Michigan Huge
3 Made in USA Distributed across USA Average to Large
Minimal
Palm Leaf
Wood (China)
Wood (USA)
Aspects of Lifespan : Maintenance / Repair Recyclability Disposal
2 Not Possible Not Possible Compostable
4 Possible Possible Landfill
4 Possible Possible Landfill
Waste Generation : Production Waste Life TIme Waste End of Life Disposal
6 Minimal None Compostable
3 Unknown None Recycle or Landfill
5 Minimal None Recycle or Landfill
8 Criteria for Evaluation
Bio-diversity & Protection of Natural Resources : Affect Bio-Diversity Affect Natural Areas Socal Aspects : Human Rights Health Risks Destruction of Living Space Restriction of Freedom / Exploitation
8 Criteria for Evaluation
Palm Leaf
Wood (China)
Wood (USA)
6 None None
2 Unknown Unknown
5 None None
6 None Not Known None None
2 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
6 None None None None
starch water (drinking) electricity (public) Palm Leaf transport (truck) x 0.35 pounds wood (spruce) electricity (public) transport (truck) Wood (China) transport (vessel) x 1.2 pounds
1.07 0.01 4.70 218.0 223.78
-
22.1 1.3 83.1 1910.0 2016.5
1.560 0.001 0.600 209.0 211.16
78.32
-
645.28
73.91
0.68 4.70 218.0 9.00 232.38
4.72 4.72
9.4 83.1 1910.0 80.0 2082.5
0.156 0.600 209.0 17.00 226.756
2499.0
272.1072
9.4 83.1 1910.0 2002.5
0.156 0.600 209.0 209.756
2403
251.7072
278.85 5.664
wood (spruce) 0.68 electricity (public) 4.70 Wood (USA) transport (truck) 218.0 223.38
MIPS x 1.2 pounds Material Intensity of Materials
4.72 4.72
268.05 5.664
Online database
3/2/10 4:12 PM
Red Cedar Category Wood
Type Class I (>25y)
Property Price Young's modulus Shear modulus Tensile strength Elongation Compressive strength Creep strength Fatigue Bending strength Hardness Impact strength Yield strength Thermal expansion Thermal conductivity Specific heat Melting temperature Glass temperature Service temperature Density Resistivity Breakdown potential Electrochemical potential Dielectric loss factor Friction coefficient Refraction index Thickness Shrinkage Water absorption
Functional unit kg Min 2.72 5800
Max 2.72 8300
Unit EURO MPa
50
50
MPa
18
34
MPa
35 1700
55 2200
MPa Janka
Remarks (Origin: North-West America). Soft, remarble light but very durable kind of wood. Darkred to darkbrown. Good machineability. Metal may corrode when Online with database in contact the wood.
Red Cedar Category Wood Process chart
0.09
0.09
Type Class I (>25y)
Functional unit kg Eco-indicator '95 2.08 mPt
W/m.K Quality of environmental data Reliability 3 completeness 3
370
470
kg/m!
0.6 11
1.2 16
% %
The TU Delft cannot be help legally responsible for problems related to the use of this data. Š Delft University of technology.
Idemat - Red Cedar
Environmental remarks Red Cedar is imported from North-West America, where it is cultured. The transport to the Netherlands requires 250km vice versa forest-harbour by trailers and 6200km by ship. Procesing to beams assumed to happen in the Netherlands.
http://www.sustainableminds.com http://www.idemat.nl/ http://www.wupperinst.org/en http://www.pre.nl/eco-indicator99/default.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disposable http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling http://ashimapaperproducts.tradeindia.com/ http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/engineering_environment/84413
Thank You.
http://www.naturalplates.com/ http://www.eaternal.com/Areca_Leaf_Disposable_Plates.html http://www.verterra.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areca_catechu http://www.make-stuff.com/formulas/glue.html http://www.argostarch.com/recipe_details.asp?id=1286
sources