2009-04-11
m
•'J>;.i-:^
http://www.alukah.net
tmM r^.?o2Jl!^lw^^l^ ^lliUv
^t •'J>;.i->-
'0'»?jj-^(i>A->tl
^\
OU^ji*-^! i^\jc^\ jlkj
V
^1
»1
ojj-w' i
•!
-Lju^
^LcnJI j1A-^| f
^
^^
^-^^
,
.-^-Jl
\h=^i=^
\
Air
jU
:
^ij^-
© DAR SADER
Publishers
P.O.B. 10 Beirut, Lebanon Fax: e-iiiiiil:
hltp:
Liitl "iip-i^
(ydl) 4.91
(127(1
dsp@d;trsacit'r.com
w'ww.darsader.coni
J
iils
i'wi?
AiUI JJI
iiisL^
Linguistique
_
loSvA
A;j^-Ua
LjJW'J
_ (Ul^
Ji
L-IjJ
a^^^J^'I
OyJI
4jJ.>tjl
j
h^s^y^i
^JJU
j^^Lkjo
IA)Jj>-
^^^ oLw>
jijJiS'^ i^j'^^
.
JI ^b^;:
-
JI
r-l:;*^
_
'^
jj*: If
V:J
.
L^l
j^j'^lj
*
a^;^li (Ji«JI) <-^j>-
L^.xji2ji)
aLjIs
.
f
L-.!^-
,
i
f .
_
4j
j_^yj
.
4
f
J
^y
jsj^\
t
(f- )
j\«JI
jjLJi
l-les
lT^'j
jljjl ^_/JI (J t-Jj^,>JJj
C^'j^ ui^r^)
(^)
:
JyJ
iSy^
'
jUjIj
iJa^" diJI!
" *
^^:rA=^lj
5
U-li ^/7.:ili a^>cjjl t_$jl
|_^^
Ij1^i;>-I
^
^
Jm-Uj
^jj oi^l (s-UJl) t-«_/^ ol ^y^
--
s.
jlj
t_>_^
_
jl
Ja^l j,j^l
Ip
_
f.(Jjliil
Uu-j
I^ '^'^«
-li^*>^
iJ
Jaj
s
J
2^1 ^1>ilP
0^-bj
0il3"
^jJj
C'i'-"^
f
'm
t
Oi>-ljkli
(DON QUIJOT
oyi^
jjJJ)
J^t
t^\}^\
^UJl Jp
J
OJb^l
A-jyJI Aijjl
J^
Aijjl
^•'
Lcij(
»
-^Ij
C^^J
u~c*
yU
jjiJI /*yi
•
^y^' J^^
fr^
ejjU.il
Oii
LJI^l (jSwj jlT
-v^i!>\j
i
e.
-M^
j^ ty
(»-^'jj^)
ly j^y^' jLJJI j»-^
*^j
jijjU^
t>!-^'
OlSw
^yT ijj'j^^
i-
(jiijJJ
'
-b^l
^
ijy^'^.
^\
^j
jf-
^23
^
'_y's'
(1-^U)
j^ij
jl>J-l
o^^U-
J
c
Si
_
LJip
^/<Ji
U^,;;V2i
jiii> jK'
j
f
L^l
Jj^^l
aiij
Ai!
^b^ j
(^-^'
J;^
L^lj
_
^_^
j>-»
J^
_
^ I
(,J&jiiLv3 4jJJl Ijiij /pj-Ul o'j
{•'^j^
-JUJI OyJl jji--^
OLwJJI
,
S.
IjIJjoI
//^
r-^.y^^
(j
LS^y^'
JljiJl
OjI-Ij
jLJJIj
Ul^
{.UJLxJI;
'^j
li^
t
4jJJI
.U>o
t
Jij
y
jl
Aji*>Ulj
(^JJtj
t
t
S-ij* i/'
AJjvjJIj
JjVl JvOiil
it
t
«JjJ*^l O^ A*^ 0*^l^)) «uLp jil?!
j ^j^l
^1
<_JW^
/ -JS\
Uljj Jij
-^ *^^r^j^
L^j^
Aijl
v_-'l£'
y*^
Ap1j5
U JL^I
liiJi
j^ JiUJVl
/*-*^J
l3^
^y2^_
jT^
^j-vj
l3J^^
j^
jlr*-l
jii
/^Ij^l j^-*ij
J_p- Jj-^" CJiS'
^1
jjl
i/'j-^ '-^^ f^
£
.
«i;!>
aj
cJiJo-
(_jjjl
t
|^x,.;>>J.I
ipLtJl
AL>-y.
jU^I dUi ^U-UJ
L^
ic-^'j
'
*i^^'
^^1
Ul
aL>-J,I
.
.
f
m
120
^_;^
1935
v^i"
^^" -
-'[-iJ'
JL^I
AJiiJJl
fj^ J 0^'X'
1
\jj»i\ 4iUl
i
1
oij^l
j^li- iiill
S
c
^
o-
jtj
jJ!s-iJl
t
j_5^l
:!jv2iil
J,|
AJ-h
t^b
-^
.
\^\
44:^^
^
lil
l^.>j jUll Jp
Uj *^^^'j
^1
c
ol;>-j:!j
jT-^-^,^
U,-^ ^^1
:;v
^llH JiUS^I
^U j/j
jl
^
ys
LJ
^_^UI
LiA::^l
UJipljij
jUil
oU]
^
j
Jl
f
L^l
^_y<^
^;'l>'^l Jl
^^"
J,^
lil
Jiii
c
L^A^
IJjij
C
;j!i:>J
}^^\
jj^'^Ij
c
Jp
X^
jLj'^l UUj I-U ItliJl
Jij
J^t-J
<•
*
7^
J* ^
i
jLj
U>
JiliSI
ij
^
sL:- jl
jl UiliJl
jUil sii
jL^-'^j a>xi
ji
jU
*->^'*
-
(»ji><^
'
j*Jix^
L^JiXj" 4-bwbr jl»v.
j«-,;?j
'
Ails'
J^
*'
yl~vj"
t
J*W
<•
L^ Ji»^^.
l^ J-U ^^1
^'lll
'
*
-f'
Lg^
aJjL^^/I
c
AjjiUz^^^lj a-pL:;;^*^! "^'^^J t
IJ^j
'J,
y^j"^*
Jl:>-
''^y^'^
J^l ^^.j
'jl
Jp>cJ ^ 5.jL:p^I
:
y aIlJ U a^ j
'
£
ijljlj
^ju
L^U^ j^
Sli':^'!
'
Jl
Ajl
\)2J_
Aiil
)
L^"by^ A^
sJkA
Jlij'"^!
4J<JJU
JiiJJl
(LJS') UU«>"j
.
£
SjlSolj jjk:^" A^jlii
^<^
jLj^^l 4L>-
l^
>
2
•i
Aj'jUa^-J
(.
^
(_>*>lx>-lj
jv^^^t
_^jil
?-
i./^*^
>
LgJ
JixJ A^ Jiv2^
ij'r^-
^
t
J^
.
-^J
'
i^J^'
JjSlI
.
J-^1
(j^*y
.
i
jl
J,;;>cX^I
IJJj
c
ti^
,
^1
J
oi-i
4^U;>-*yi
^j
jl
jLjVI
aJjj'Ijj
/
'
L^^ j ^t
Jj^*
J^-^'
E
Aj^^Sliilj
J
i
aJLjI SyLb diiJJ ^yj
l^Jp
(j
((jU^-^yi))
aIjIo^jJIj
t
>
IQ
J
iJ^Lu iJUj L^*y *yUjc^l jLj^^j
AJU
jUj
i i
Oi;
y
._Jl>^
/ ^iiJI
*
'
#
i
jUi'yi ilpj j.L^'yi ilp
ocrf
lXy^^\
A^i-iJ-l
'^
•
r:^
Ak;l^l|
4^L>j::>-1
«
-b<j^
OL-ljjJl ij
A-Li?-
m
^:^_/Jl
,__r^l
A^U:i>-'yij
AjLj*yi
roLi^yl
^1
(»Ipj
y
f-
-^ji
Oii
"^" ^^'
'--'by
Jl (»^ly-j
.
f
^j^JJ
(*^
x^
CJ Jl
L^
Jl
Jc^
JaJjj sljlj
t
j»Ip
'
br
Alv-U^yi
-
jl
ji
-^
i^UI^ la^
^
AiJjlj
-*^
L^-jJjjj^'^l
-'
A>t_ijj
J^
(*^
«-^-^ ^^jl^ "—^J^
l-^
Uj>-*yij
OL-Ijjjl
-^'j
yU
iSj ^jU Ai;jJ-t
AjjjiJJl
AjLj'yi
AJyi!
jiLjUJI
5 5
jl
Akaj £
lC:^.J
C
l5 r>-^'
J
4
J
J
L5^.
Jl J-^1
_ d~>Jlj ^Ullj
4_-ljjJl
j j^H\
t>)sJ^
CJ>^
y^
l-J-^
- j-^lj
i
.
f
m
((.
.
_v2j<jl
Ol:>-U-j
OjUia^l
.
U-brj
J:;;--^;^
J^W^'j "-^J^b -bUJVl
.
.
j-W L^V
L^jS'
S-la
jUjJi
j^
jjOj
Ai]
c
(J^"^* ^^^*^j lyj^''
((JUi))
4^j-UJtj ^)w>Jlj
J^UJI
(4jV(
4J<Xailj
(r-''^lj
88 "^
aLIIj
Oj-^I Jp
4j'^ ^
sj,^/')
CJyP
'^-^^-^
J3
ijp
(Vl)^)
JU
Jy;
Jp Jb y^
diij
t
djs
(5 liU
Vc>«P yl
.
*
-
J^J
aj_uiJL.
li* JjiJ
>
^J
.
'^
aA;:-^
•
^«-t^
j^'b
•
^i*
(25 ij^JI *jj^) ^
L^l
«jj^)
Ijj.,^
r^^^
-
1
«JUi)) Ai;w3
J
(Jl^) fU- UJjj
#^UxP \^^
li*
jl* _ 3
Jp (Jl^) ^w3 oJj
AJL> Ijua
t
5:^^J
es^^
i-A-'jj
4jIj-2i;^' "5^ '
f^^
^^'
'
(19
f
jJ-vSi*
(^
j^
>
- f'j^ J*
(JUJ)
CJU
'^^
Ait^wS
Ia^
aJVoJI
S
i-
v,-3
»jj-^)
J.)
J
^^Ij
J-^"
Yc*>^l
'J'
'-^^^
*^-5jl
l-i^
^-3^5
l-il
L^S^
l^'
k# —
}^ cf ^'^y^ LSLIp ^U-vJJ
o^^j
'
'
'
4
OyJI
13
Oij^l
5JJJI
jIp
iiJJl
^
^^
oJjsij
ixjjl
*
* >
^j'j ^t>^ ^">^
t5^
«
'
t
t
^
^•'
^
iJUJi
OlJaJ! '^J'jji Jy-'C^
jljJvJ
J^
(U-
Uft
f
!«
^
i
,£
cJS
'U)j«i' AitJjl
J"
*'
1
^t
j£
(Jlii) *-v^
'>-^' ^
.
•*££
i
£
J^\^
i
iiUi^l
-"x
•
^ ^^LLl
-'v
(-'^
-^*J ;>«-^
M^J
A>- J)
f
'm
Jp
^->,^kJ
JjNl Jvsiil
•
-^b lT*^ ^^J
.
LiS^ -k™j
•
jr^ ^^
f
L^l
t
^^\^
^ui
LJ>-3
t
*>li^
'
t
^J 4xLjl
'
J^3
I^,^
«>«^'
i^-J^
'h-^.
14
?~^' IjV.^
'
^j^\ ^1
t
i^Qi
j-W
._JUp
t>"^'
'
^^, l^j
'
-^b lT*^
SUi'^lT
t)*-^
V^J S^ -^^
-^*J lT*^
t
i^^"^'
/ iilil
c
'
'
V^3
c
'
>il
-^J
Oi^i
-^
J^'
(>^
i
'
'
jWl
<•
[^./
^J^
'
c
(3^
t5-»^l
^
dliJJ «-l;-j blxT Jyc:-.o
JU>JI
J-^
iji-^i
^jl,
'
^^'
7-il'
i
'
t^l
w-Ut il&j
1
5
AjO^tJ^^I
4ji;>LJ*il
^Jr^
^Jj^
j\ii\
JjJlT
^^Jtj
LaiJi / iJJI
>_JUp
16
l^lTj
,UI
;^b ^'-^ JL- Jl-^
j
J Oy^% ^\
:
ilS;
'^l^j
> Jli r
(^)j (^)
U) ^iJi\ JU
(
f
Jp)
j^_^ h^\^\
^^
j
^11
^j^ j j/j
^^1
(
j)
.u^'J
:
,UL
:
c
(Aj ail
^l£' jj
C-»>-jj C-fis^)
dl)^^
AjJjdl
^_J^/^JI
.gij
.
^JjJl j>.
(2) jliJi
^L-^ j
jUlj
M
itji
.U!
'm •'J>;.i-:^
"k-^y^ "^Jj^
17
(II&
'J^^
'^j
^j
JJi>iJi
i^L*o-
3
(^jLvoj
c
AJ)b")
i^'j
4^j^l oUiil
j^ ''^y
^
^
i^lpj
ob^l jj
sbwj (OlSCf") .
((^a4;L^l)
:
yi
JI}~Jl
j_uJI
(^Lv-I)
^j
(s:-^^)
j-u!l
^^ (60) jliJi >_jL^
j^ U
_
i/^ (*^')
Jlii
((»jii^l)
:
^
Mj^* j
(di«L^)
(J»<i:^l)
J
j
^^yij
(tjJ-«Jl
^_r^j
(400)
'^
J^
(jjL~j,j
(0>-Jl)
(^Jijci^l)
.
.
l^j
"^jy^ .
.
1*1^1 (ib')
^Ij^'
(j,.gilv-l)
(o^)
U-^j
(^) jbw
^.-Jlj)
(J^
j-^^
i^i^'
I
0\j)
:
j^ i^y^ .
\j\yr-
,
(^UJI)
j^'b
(j^ LvjcJ Uyi^
(jdliiJl
f
m
(>_2
,
^Ui(
i)li]|
J-^l
/
(bjak:i
:iJ^I
.
(li)
Jj^ ^.^1
^'U^
L'L'
Ul)
j^ (80) jiiJl L_;lw^
j^
yi
J_^- If)
^ii^
^#
:iJ^I
JU;
j'l^iiv-^'l
«-*^l
c^J^.
H^^l i>
(iili)
.
yi
dJ^
Iuj_
^j=^J
AJb
a-xJI
^-L-
fr^^j
rfjys' 5^'lj (i_ilS3l) ^'L'
oojj U) yi c,.^.^
(j'jJir
.
:
j
j^ilj
.
<^s.jy:
U)l
J^l
j^ (20)
(
J>lS3l)
L_^lw^
J
^_5;L"
c^J^_J
(^_^Lwi) d^UJl
y U)
(dlii
<^V'j ail jwi^'^
:
JU; ^y yi
(j^ ^r-^xiUi
j
^_.^l
Uj otj^'l
(<u)l
f
L^l
o:ijl liU
j U
4^_^
jSi)
(tiUj^JaJ
i
(^^'UJ
Lj
iijl^
(.1)
c^l
UjI^
:
^-l7
^\x>i\^
xf{^
(j.">V]l)
^"L"
ol)
ol
^j
(j'">Vll)
^-L-
^\Jc:;i\
j^ j
(^•>VJ1)
j[;
4;Ux^">V] (("M'!)
j\3
:
^'b (^LU (o^Ul
«-0'lj (^•>V]1)
:
L)
:
IIa)
JU; ^iyf
:
:
diilU
(j''>Vil)
^_^-l;
l_-™U
(j»">Vll)
^\j
1
9
^^^1
^_)y~
ij-bfo"^!
^^jJ i<^\ ^\^ JU; AJyr
:
:
(oxp)
J^
(j.'>Vil)
jh i
(ajS
.
i-uJI
AJJ)
(^_.^^j<iJ L.)
j^ (30) jliJi
:
^L^
UpI
.
i-uJi
.
j^ (40) jiiJi
^yf
^L^
j
,r^l
j
4^^Uj LwiU^J
AjuIjJ
AiJlJj
(O^)
.
^^\
j
j
(j»Jkl) ^Ijj'j
(^jL-^_ (j<4*)
(0^) -li^N 4jljj
^\
:
J,jl
^^j
(^) (OjJI)
ab^: (^)
Jl
-iljJ
>Jlj (>•) j
:
(aj-v^)
(j
:
jlyif-j)
(j
:
(
m
j_/lj'
lSjL-! f^^l <-^/-j
(JijjUiJl
ajoIj
^
.
i_.iodJ (c*>^l)
JjNU
iiJliJIj
A^^LJIj
U^l
jyi
/ jjlil
^L>^
20
—
^_^1 _
^
^-uJI
.
l^
.
^L^ ^1
Jij
aJU ^y^ ^_^l " ?
x^jxU
jj_^l (ilii^j 4ii>^)
(50) jliJi
:
j
(
jyJl)
,_/^'j
'^^J
i5jL-^. ('^y^')
aSUsJI 4.j^)
yi
c
(^-ih _^(
(;;-l^'>\J) (^lil)
:
^^"1;
^
^
^
tf
ft
(LJlJ^) (i^'U-)
ij&b J,Uj
fU
li
JUJ
_
4^*>\p
:
JxiJi dlii
yi ^JII oblva j
^
OU-v^
Ailt
5^
4jL/3 (j («-^l)
JpUJI
lL-JIJJ (flil)
j_jji;
AiJLJJ (flil)
j_5:lJ
»-^ J^-^'
oLi^ Jp
^^
'-^^
.
^-uJl
^
(5)
'^^
j^U) yi Jl>JJ
J^l ^L^
(j
jj^^ ^J
(tU.1)
j_5;"L"j
yi
S^^iSOl
(oiJ) (iiUa)
(Vill
(flil) ^^-L-j
(5jL^. (f^l)
^>*-j jlj •
(L-u-j
U.I jj
liJijj
ikjui
ijijj S/31)
sjjij
(jijJi)
sL^^i
j^'i;
(ciijj^i (j^Lj')
f
L^l
,».~-^l
i/^ S-^y
-^-^) ajJ^*"-*^
j'' ii' (
J
)
1
^I-b^^^'l
2
<J^jj>-
(ijlj)
(^_ c_~iiJl
1^
t^l
y>j j^U jjl^)
(i_J:jJlj
fill
iSj:i^\)
(j*_^ ^\£' ((v-s—^1
.
f
'm
:iJ^I
(»-fi»J^I
j^ (6) jliJi
c^Lvs>-
:
:
^
:
(ii)
j
ol^l) ^-b-j
JUJJ Ql^l)
^^-b"j
J-b (jl^l)
j^'b'j
(a>.)
:
lij "yi)
Ji SijUaj)
:
Uvai! (jl_^l) ^'Ij'j i_jj«-»J
(jl_^l) ^"b'j
lJjL-o (jIjJI)
'-'^j
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
jUll
23
^, ii^^
Jp ^j>l
cJliJi
^Jj^-UJl
^^
JP
ilX)
j
AjJJi
iUJl ji
(
jUjj'VI
Jp JS
jj-t
4.J53I tjl;
^J/wj
c4 _
jJi
^)
lJ_^1 lla iW(.HI
:il.^^'lj (iyiJij jjg,bil
(^1 ^^
_ >J1 ^U _ J^^l
Jp JS
^U - .HI
jjykJl (4iftl
:
(dUi
j
(i_jji)l
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
Jp JS Jp JS
^1 j
?-
Li l-i
:
^)
*ij
4.J53I tjl; .W-
^IC^ _
li]
:
4.J53I
^1
^^ _ 4JLJI
«-^_^l j*2^ «-ij>^l jlaJ-
_ —
:
JloJI
lil
:
Jlijl
lil
:
.1^1
lil
Jlil ijC)
4.J50I jlj .U-
j^»v^) b'b i^siJt
_ -
lit
qL- _ >Jb ^b)
.U-
i'j>-°j^)
^j^ j Oj^
iJSOl ^ jjykJl --' J}! JS •— Ji. UJ' (J^ I-'-' L/*^ OiJ^' Jp
,- _ ^^1 ^^^1
i_ji^
jla>Jl
^b U Jl^l (i^ljjl
•
xJaiJl
jii j\j^sJ^\
r^^^jivw.
Jp JS
^Sj _
i^) j^
(^Jbrj
4.J53I
Lzfijl ,
j
li .W- ISI LJ >
jr-^I*-^ (^-S-l-*-^
Ox^ Oxi)
:
:
ocA'l
dJ\ii\
Jijl
jU^ _ (.^\ "^ _
frill
J-^l
_
iyJ-
/
^1
j
frill
24
v-'W^
-
,__^Ip
^_r~*-^'
'-^^)
i .
Ol t
wal
.
.
i]^_
Ui*^ ^l^b
Vl^^j
l^lj-^i
j
AjjLwi lij-^l
J^l
JiiJ frU-
(^)
If (j\
iJii\
jl
A?xj
A^JiU lii; J-^^^l
j
JiUJI
s-Ia
AjJJI
^j
^J ^^
t
l^
dAJi
^
«jj^
v'j-^ ol.A^j Nl
iiUJI
^1 j
j'^l -l-«-^ L^-li' (nJa'ill aJ*>\J
j| Jj-^i
^j^i
JJJJJJJJJJJ
L^
AiJ^
aJj-^* Jj-^NI
a-ls.
St,
s
.
j^"
^''^^
">^
'-^
j j j j
JUiNl
^1
yij
^.Us
^ -
t
J--N1
Js J ^.j
(.
^iil! ' ,
I
t/j^b «-y^^
o-~^i
^lT^'
^-^^
(i^>^l) fr(^l
o^j
°-^ {^f^^) j5J^^
a" a" a" a- a" a"
J^i
Uullj
jj
l^ l;^
.
iL'br
i-^
j
jljjl
(*7=r^'
Oj-^j
:>:>^^^^:>:>:> aJjJij i^jUil Oj-^j
(C ^^
jl
UTL- jir
frij-.)
^
^
Uj::-
L^l
b>^
^uii
(»j'*>\i
u Lg^
Jxii
J^l_^l
£
cjIj^Nl
^>l
jkJl Jl
J^
N
jir
lij
£
i^-ij^i
a^^-j
^j>i
jW^i Ji
jUll
25
.
Jp
^jJiill
^jj-'' J=^.
^"^-^
Jj-^l
J^'j>^^^
li
Lajl>t>Ti
'iUi
l^
C-oI-
^ ^jjP-^
^^
i
y!s
^_j:^l
e
JJil; «^1>J1
^yi^_
V
'if
^J^l
|_y/<^
L^j
(jJ)
\Ji\ii
(J) IjiUslj £
(^)
(frUi)j c
(ji-i^'i)
c^-sj*
^yij ^.^1 jp
j^* (.uii)
<^-*^-
^^
'j^) u
^' lii
(v3) IjiUilj
\Ji\Jii
\J\jii
(J)
(^)
\J\Ji3
(J?) IjiUslj
*y^ ^
jijjVi
^.^ ^j
(jyji)j (^>^i)j (.iji)j (.ikJi)j
^UVl O"
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
IjiUilj
(^)
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
Jt>
J
oLj^'^t
if
Oj^j
LaJu UJjIj;
j
Ol>-l>-j 8jlv2:^l oLsialal U-J
j-A«JI
t
^__a.i;
Ulj
lw>
( j )
JjjJ
^u
(_j='-
4^1)1
' _
,
ARITHMATIC
,
jl
^_~a.-L' Al_yJI
(5+5+5 =
.
15):
Jl La
^1
a1j'>1!I
j
jl
GEOMETRIC (5x3 = 15): ^^1 j
'y
Jji;
:
cJjUJl
IJla
c
ojl»^
l^-jLPlj
j
till
U^
^^
.
f
L^l
C?^ L^l
_
jl
IJifJ
j Jjy
jj-i^.
oy^-j
"^
oj.*^
s^lil
^
JI>JI >-^
j«jJl
Uu-j
-UP-
.
U^
^l.
^j p
jjl
t_>^
5^1.
aC>-j
*>Jl
:.UiJI
(y) JwJl "y
/<J-i
^^' ^v'
s^^l '*jlS'
(^) c5y
l^jo;
tji3
—
t^JJl
v^;
^1
^/~'J
''^J^
(^)
:>UlJI
JTJ
J^'-^''
jl
^^'
'
j
?
'^^
ijvJl
t
"^J
dAJ-i^j
(*J>«il
sjl^;^!
•*-!*
c
i^'
Jl >Jlj
^
^lj>Jlj
ijytJl
L^J-^' «JJ-^
^%\
^1 j\^ dJj-ij
Jl
^jl^ ^'-^
<
^^
dlJi
4-^>^l
^^^1 oj.*^
I^^' (^'W-^l
jUil j^y. U jjL
^
t
s^UjJI
j^ cJU-
x>_s^
c
Jji'
:
^l^lj
J.;j^.
oy^y^
jUj (^)
j^, ^y.^
L-j^,,^ lib:-
Uiil«
j1>o
j,dW
c5^l 5^ dJ-ii
^1
s^m Jl
lil
s^UjJI
c
l^j QUALITATIVE CHANCE a^j^ j^ _r^ .
'y
dil-i) Jl-lj
J
^ ^' c;^p!ik^\
/»-A-^l
-^^
^1^1
J^l
/ 4ii!l
^'Up
28
OiiJI
^
fWU
o^i A\j
jrji
i
^I53l (o^l) ^liilj
dL
^
If
oly-l jjJij
LiJ--UJl (j i_jjli;u
f
m
(_j:j<llj
^»*>\Jlj
fIJU
Li^j LaI^j
C^\j>-\ fljJlj jjJlj
(»*>\JU
'-i'yr
:
dUi ^yj
jrfj Jr^J J-h
'*^J
.
M c^l
^Ulj
.
a^l^l
^\J\
o_^l
c^l
^^
j.*>lilj
.
.
[^ l^j ^jj Jg^ Js^
'^j
U^
'^j
c^l
cjyJ\
OJli^*'
viJ-i'^
^UJl
Ux^
aJjS
''J^y^j
(s-WIj
4,»>t^l2/.)
.
.
.
(L^
V'^- ^.}^
fdl
^
^r*^l
jP
'-^1
(''^^j'^*) ^J-^jUi
J..
J
L^l
^^
(v^Lr'-i'^'
:
t
f
(i_^ Jii!
»XXj
cjU-
.>__>Ja>Jl
If
^
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
jUi^^l
31
jtjjl
^'liJl
^wiiJl
it
{
i
.
y»
jl
c
L-a-^jJl;
NUi;l
jf\ jjS^ .
(tx^) J_^'
(^>1I
^tJjL
^Ul ^jJ j ^j>l
t^iJl
L^l
Jp
(j_^l jJ-^ai ((JfJ) J_>^
^y APj^l;
(_JLy2Jkl
''i
f
t(_5-iJI
t(_5-iJI
Jp
a]NjJI
'
^1
Jilt
4;uvaj-,.2p:-
:
J^i
:
Jii
JUij'yi jJ-va^
aJ^^jJI
4;L-/jj-/2p^
^'
'-
'
-
ACID T-ip.1
j^
J.^
c^l'l
(-Uv-')
(jUI)
aJVoJI tL*->JI
J^
Jp
aJ^'JI
.
4i3ji>Al j^Ull ^^1
(AMAL
Jp ^Uzj" ^1 (EUX) (^
jl
iJiJ}j"
U
c5l
U
t^l
(Niii^^'j
(M VALENCE .
(D
.
.
(i-c>^l)
i^*>Dt
J^
Jp
(TH
.
;<^
j_^*>ljj3y)
aJVjJI
Jp
aJ^'jJI
^"^J)
Jp
L-O^
aJ^^jJI
^_^^~~^)
/»U^
/"yj
U Jp
aJ^jJI
>
A:L-^j-,i;>^
:
ic^y^ssi-
:
Jlii
is..y^y^2si-
:
Jii
Ai-^j„,.2>-
:
Jjj
j.U^ O (-V-^'j')
j
jL,^! j
(/J*
J^
cL^Vl
s^L^JCJI
j
-u-^j-,2^
:
^L^JOI
j
-u-^j-,2^
:
jlii
:
jl^i
:
j!ii
^1*3
Ui^JJ"^^' '^—^ C-JS
j
i^U-SOl
•
C'EST CE
j (j
^r^ (VALENCE ^'^) ^
VALENCE ^^Uj:!) Jp
VALENCE
jL»i3t
aJVjJI jL*-SoI
aJVjJI
(2) c5l
jlii
^
'
^
(3)
jL*-^I
j
^c^y^i^-
^^
^-^^
Ai-^j-/2:>-
(QUI
MIXTURE
Trlp""^!
J^
^"^jJ* f-^^r^'^
J
-^^^j-a^-
:
:il>j'il
Jp
aJ^^jJI
j^L^JOI
j
a:l-^j^.2^
:
COMPOSITION ^r~^J^^ J^
^"^JJI
i^W*^'
j
-^^^r^j^^i^
COMBINATION
f
L^l
:
Jl^ Jllii
Jl^
JU^^'I
33
TOGlRE,TOFORM
o^>l:Jl
Jp
j\jj\
^^'-Ol fL»-i^l
j
-iju^j-^^
:
iiUI
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
Jl^i
^'Up
.::-
2
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
—
^.j^'^
35
(.
^*'
(
)
Jy^'^
J,'
•
(
^^Jtv3
i]
_d
eyl: 4jjlj
.^^j jjij
^j^
^jL}~\ .
.
f
L^l
'^
(^liL
Ijijil
^jJ
y-
J^l
^jj-
a;Is
,^j^
^j^ JS
'::^J^J^-
^r-ji
Tn
/''i
jl
^)
^JuaJ j^lSLij
-^
)
J^^
1^) «-^'
iSj'ji
t—'J
jUjJl j^
A~v-Ua
'~^ir~^
of"^'
M
^v^-
^^
aJj^lj
!pj-^
?^^J
J*Jj %J-**
«^1>JI
y\) (a\
i
^
JS\ ^')\
^\J\
,jA<J-l
^
4jjlj
ixi^i
^^ui i;^i jrS/ ^uJij
^,^^^1
o^
y^'^
^j^ iJ^
4^jJ 90 ''^^
f.lil
*-^'
s.U]lj
,_Jii5
:
•
*_->--
''^
(^-*^'
(ii)
^j
I.
:
:
s-iyi
yi
y^
y-^.
djji\
ijS
j^u-i
diSiS J
^l^'l <Jj^ _
j_jUj
Jj^I -\^'
j_5>J
ij^^
piiii (^Ujcu.1 diSi
^^\ ySi
^j^
^UJL
J^
J^J
^i
-
'^ \jL.c^\j
<-^f~
^UJU
j^i
jjj
Jp
c^l^^ja^'yij
'^ J~\ ^J^
(
'
__^iiL.«^<WB .-iii^g^^-
L^
)
i^jXil
\j^
jjU^I ^y^\ '^ii
llail
lk>- L?jly
iiLi
37
(oUaP)
j oiXji
j^
«.b
L^
^_^ Axi
JS'
,u^i J, u jr j-^J^ ji>- JS' c_jy<JI
J^
><jU3 JS'
OjJJ-I; J>.Ip JS'
u>j"^l
j^ ^"jl U jr
i^c^-^^Jjr
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
^U\ J^l
(^)^
/
-Jil
^\^
38
39
j^\
«jLJI
•
(4->lj iju^
^')
j)
1^^
?
oUi
.
.
.
r^-0
^
^
OjU
t
j
^j'^lj
otj^
^^J^
U
a
Is
jTj
y>j Uji^J J.^1 ywj^ .
^^AJy j^yli" Jjy
/^j (AljaS
)
aJ
JUj
i
i
^!a3
c
liSy
j^^
jl
t
-
'iS-yi
m
J»j
j
ji^l
,
JpUJI
<:.U-
j .^^
'^IS'
_^
^3
I
^
U
ail alJ^^
Jl
(JJS UjJI
C-U _ »
t
j
yl^ jl^l
ail
t
^ii^i-J
,-i-'-«JI
j^
J;i
jr
oy;j U
<u
IT
jl
^ ^) t
-v-^
j'
li^lj^
U"' Oi~j'j
\
r
jLvJ^^L aaj.xi
^ (^)
jay>-U)
lis'
'iUS
"
(^l:f
•
f
Aj
ObjS
^^I xp
Ji)t^>.X>cJj
^'
-^y ^ ^5
4^
jU^Jl
t
_ ^'ji j^
Os^
jl^l
o^w^^'i i3_^
i)
i
-
^ai j^lj Jli;
^^' ^'
'
% yji
'>LU
a£15' iijOJ jl USv^,
.
j
J^-
40
t
.
j.^U'yi
•
^U^
Jjxiil ^y,^^
^
jj^ >
Uj vlUi Ui
U jL~« OjlS
5^1
.
i^j^ '^^^
i
t
olx-'
^\y
:
.
>
^
^ ^'^
r^*
I AiJJl
j
(_;^)
^^j\
''J
ty
^r'
^^>—
'
'^
P
Ujl Jj'^JJ
•
IS'
J.U- JS'
y^ j^
y
/*-*^'j i_-~wSJI
>^^"-^
'^i
ajjl;
Jy ^
i-ii!l
v^
j
Aiili
4J
•
•
'
(^^
o'^')
j
^^
oQx-'i
-^-J"-
'
"^ ^^
((»^*y~*) ^' i^'b
"
'
'
u^
f
L^l
^i>i
ou (^^j)
"
'
(
j->u)
j
'ni
c
~
'
ij3jji
J
jui
j^
oc^i
,
* 'l
-
J'
^^
j ^=^
*c
"
-.
y
^^
AjlTj
^
L^Jjc>-
L^
:>};
ji
^
Ujlji
?.(_$jU]l
JU JTj
t
>
^j.»j
^jj
ji^'l ^Jp ^«-»^
t
^j
y^
jU- Jj^j
OJJ--J
t
jU
j:5^
;_^
ajITj
cJSI
J,
'J\j^\
5^j
^
JU
-
,
^
y^
.
LsU^ OlT
"^jy^^
t
5^j-^ ?^J~*^
jl^l J.*Ss:i^
jl
Jt
'^jy isf*
'
^'j^l
^1
^^J
(V
Jj:^j
''^j^
*jj~^
L^^l
1
r,
Is'
J^ ''^j^ .
^\ ^f
I
jiidlj
f
'm
t
iiJJl
4lj
j^_j
^
(»j>~-)
j
Jj_jt'
^.-^
.
.
(US'
4jI<^) 4jyJJl Ljyi
j
]
43
f.Li
jl
jU-,^
j r>^\
i^\
k_JjjJJI
jUu^
i
(^./3l jl^'l
^
jjii
oSj)
•
^u'ii sir
j,J«I!l
°' II
j if
^1
j_rJ!!LiJl
<:!i >
UJl OjlU-l
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
<:!i
^IxJI
j-o
>;>'
J^l
/ iiin
^'Up
(?
,1^1
44
45
^U^'l j\i^
j
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
47
^' j S^L^I *^yi j-^'
f
L^l
M\
4_iIA3
f
m
Lv2i!l
/ :uLl
^'UxP
48
49
fLJ-l
aJ^
ail 'ii
t^
Ajjji
J
3
4>j!
-'
aU^
^y ^
r^ J"
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
•
•
•
lT^
^
"^-5
^'Up
^ui i^\
I iiii
LS^^
^ '^^X' ^J^-
"i^
50
^^^-^
U^^'
4sl)l
^^\J\
^[s]\ 'L^Uij^
1.5-^
'-^-J
V"**
51
iiill
j
i^Ul^JI
_jI:>5.^1
'j/"
jtâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;u
f.U.1
>J-i ^y
'.HI
Jj
f
L^l
^Ul
^\
/
^1 ^'Up
iS^)
52
53
C^.j^'^
J^l
.
.
Jjl
«*>Ip
^Uijjl j^
**^' cj)
^ijjS'
^I_^1 s-~^j '-^^j
J£'
'
>^tJ50l (iUxil
J*>U?'^ «Jj»^
^'^^
U-^
'
f
L^l
°'
i3j^
*
j
jkdl
cJK'
L^^f
v-^
'^'1^1
,1.^
J*^
^
'
'
.
:
s-~^j
\^\
iUI J^
I
U!l
^'Up
^LjJI 'JIp ^yi^i "^j ^_5U-
jSCio dAUil
!iUji]l
j^'
-\ij
t
UL.JJ jl-u^l
lil
:
54
^
iJ^
cr"
lT^
:
Jji"
:
oiJi
SbiJi
•-/ jlWl J.1-J
y-^!l
^Ijj
Ua>-I
^l^=^l
j
JU^I
^.L-^l
eJ>-^
:
Jiij
A' .
^
.
^
!il^AJI
(j-^M* er~-?
•
•
J
'^-^ d"
? *
^
.
.
oU^I AJjU-
J>il ay-r ((^-N llT^
OiiJ
Uji>-- '>^l
.
jkil J^ju
.
.
Uj ajU
m
j^ >J ^>^
Jl:;i]l
J^^l (».^j W^jJ
:
i/~'
j*^
il^l
^J6^_
%*>U2J '^l-^iJl
v^j
^S
t
:
(»-"l
:
»l>*
:
AJr<
.
•'J>;.i-:^
aJ
('^)
'^P-J
^o?:-
jjlliJ
aj
aJjJij
.
J~Jl
(.r^-^j
rn^iyi
^^-:^jJ'
ij^ji
iJj^iaJl
f'
'^ T-^'
jUiJlj tw^jI
l5^
.
•^
jl^jSwJJ JiiJJl
4j(j)
Lg^i-t^J
Jb^lj
L_J_yJJI
t
*-p ^V OlS'
jlyiP jixJl
j«jJl
LJIj
U^:-.^
Lgji^
.
:
i X
i}yj
jU*^!
:
.
t
J"
"j'i
t^
*
lJI^^^I
.....
**
t J^
L^-J^
*
Aj_yUJI
.
«
^^^
ty J^^* ^
*^Lf~"
't^'
:
jl^,$LJl
CJs-
f:.J\
Uiv'
\JlS'
'.
(V .
'^
11M--
y^^
^
^^% oxi
.
f
L^l
4J
iUS J<^
:
J^l
^
oiP
(3^"
jl
oi^Pl
r-iUI J-^l
.
U^
Up}
jjUrJ
(jkil jjlkf Jl
^U
l^U^lj
/
^'Uj^
iiLH
^li
^t.1
^_5:;^
J^\ j^^j
.
.
56
i^yl
jbNl
:
o"-?-"^
Jji;
:
J^l A^ i^UJl l^'i^l w y^' ^ JS' A^^" aJUJIj
:
.
.
juJJ ^^ISC
j^
47;i=>l
j<Ji
.
ji;
^
j^iJ:.- JiiJJI
t-u
A-j_^l
cuj
ii'li'
^
^^
.
t
^^y. .
^j^
diJ-iS'
/Jl
oLi^
.
.
t
//•
Uj1>-
^3=^1
f ^j
:
s_/3j
^ytJ
t
'^
J^l '^^
aJU?! -U/iij Ai'is
Aiyj A£i j^'
L^:)j
Aliisl
.
yuJJI
Lg-,i2^
:
:
4^
:
y^^ V^
:
JujJ-l
^">U- /Jl
j»-*(j-*J*
^
^
:
:
^^
4j
^1
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
11a J.**:lJj
(l^
Aj_^
N) jUjNir
OjUi
oliil
:
^ j»U
oU^UJI o^>-
jUpj Lj-g^i i_>*>u
c
^
.
(ti^JtjJ
(^ji=^)
A^^y
^
>
£
t
i\j>^\
^
j ^^.j
'^j-i
-
c
j»^ (^^^.)
L^^
5
^
-*
=
^
ft
ft
aUIj J^JI
'^j'^
'^'^
A^'^
*
(J-*^-)
^
^
aL'I^ t^' (*S-"')
L^i
'
^j^j
'*-^
^
lT""*
^^
'
(j^^^
^j^'
•
Ia JL^J
j^
y^
•
4jj
A..^
C
^
^
^»
(RAWHTO
ft
>>-Jj)
(ROUHO ^jj)
f
L^l
^y '^^J^ ^r^
^J^'>
^Ul J^l
/
^1 ^'Up
(ROUHONOYO
y.yj>-^j)
j/"
(MARWAHTO j^jy) (RIHO
(RIHONO
Jij
Uj
t
xi
t_^l
i
:
J^ ^jj^*
y^.j)
c/ 6^'
yy^.j)
j^ J^^Jl
£
^
^
1^
fi
(i_jl^l
Ijlj)
oLiJ L^j
£
l>^
*>\.^
c
j^jj'
(j^
eT*-*^
•
(*"'
i
£
.
.
^jNi ^j JP c^>^.
.llir
.!>!
^
•^
(
'
•"
jUj^l)
jw.ljS/l)
i:ll
.
.
jl.^1
.
iji;
m
1'
^
.
L:
4-jyJl
«l^»-»
45'__;XjJi.l
ol
L>J
j
j^N v-Li (iU4l)
4JNI
^Ij aIJaJI AiUNi aJ
(t-Jj)
«-^I-^
^ .
f
^IjjU
^
(^yljl) ^.-^^ jrCiiJI
^
^
^ ^
'^yJl L4--U TL^jj jl (^1
i>U.l (^Jlj
JP (^J\)
^U
|_jpIj1
«jpU^ Ji ((jJjUaJl
(J-^l')
JU j
J_^^
1
(A^yJI iiUl
59
iUIS'
^^!lj i^'^\ ^\j)
jl
((v:r^^l
j) oUiSOl JUxil j jkll
51*^
jl
Cr^^*
j^p-^ '^^
jl
^)
2-*^ Jj^ ^^oâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;^^
ij/-
jiaJ
(^J2i\ ^jj\j
j^'
^^J'
^_5*J
Jl-o
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
t
j
l#ii
61
*
t
-Isl^
oUiTj
^^,>V
.uS^
"y
(i
i
iiUl^l is^ljij Jilji i
L^J
'
sJ^vUi]
:
£
LS^y^'
jii^jl
Sw*^' ws^«,i
^
^
oJ;L.I
UjJiij
|_j:>-
^v>-^l ^^y^J^'
*
i
if JU
*-J^*^l
jljjl
Oj^;:^!
L^
'^^J^-
ts^'j
dL^I J^\ -XpI^I
Aijyill i
c
oLJ*yi 4^Ux^l jLJJl i^Ux^l
^
^ jU
c
t3*>Ua*yi
it
--
:
L^j^;-^
£
£
f
L^l
i
Lf*^- Lf*J
jj-i
£
,
.i
_
'
.
(4^
jl
4jI>J
_
j^j
j*^.
5
' >
.
w^i SjliJ
_
>
.
^^^^
*-^'j^)
_
Xi\ii
_
C5j^
_ L^Uai —
((_54-^ ji
'
J-^'^
aIjUI-) i^'*^.
(yiiiiS) 4^'>\i
ojLiJ
^)
'.
>
.
(^'lS^^''
.'
— (L^ ^y^' -^
'm
j^ j>
5
.
f
J^ lMi H^J
^
'
«J^^
^^j
((J^) SjLii
ji ^,^-i
'^jj
_ a^I^ _
Apljai
_
5jl>tj
jV")
ajL^
J
,
— (j-^' -^
i_C*J
(J*^
J^''
*tr^)
^
>
ajU^=^
'
f
igb^^
53
j
^
f
JiUj oUiS'j
jljjl
a i.U«)^
jj
J) jy>-
_
4>-j
_
ijy'
_ iuj _
I
(...^.U^) (
\iXi
_
jj-'-^
— (jiy^h
L^l
—
'v3
u
aI«^
'!
S.
i>-^^)
(^jJ^)
(^^«C:a3l)
c
2..'>j>uiJ
(Oy^j)
.
f
>-jj^
C 'W^
(V^) A^li-I
(<^*^") (^-A>J)
.^
'^U^i
JU. Nj
yuP
jpl^l 4*<U
*^
tfjU-l J-^ll
^Ji\
/ liJJl
^y^\
^'Up
64
dJbj^l diJi ^^J
iS^' f >
.'
,\...ai
:
65
\^
j Ui^ oLJTj
jijjl
,\x\
j '^^\
'^j
J^-^
^J
> ^ o
^
iSi\J~\
Ui!l
/ iudJi
^'Up
,
Ci*S!
(0;:^w^lj
.
C-:;^.--)j
(O^lj O^r^)
(o^lj o^)j
(50
f
L^l
^c^^t<jj
66
t
£
C-liS
diJj^
C-UsI
i.^^-*^
(oiUlj cIU)j (cJiS'lj cJi5')j
^!^l
t
^
^j^ 'JJ"") 4'^^>^
(*^'
C-Ui
j_5j'b"
(o^)j o^')j
A>oL» jJs-
oU^r*
oUil/l
67
^^J:>JI
3^
oLJLwII ^^ t_^^*^
oLL>-
j\
Jijjl
4
4
OUSOl
4
^Ijil
4
jy>:^\
4
4
4
f
L^l
j_^^l
^l>l
4
4
i
,
i^j^l
^\^\
4
4
iil^l
4
JtU^I
4
l-iyi
4
j_;~l4S^I
4
4
S'-iPllil
^ lU^Nlj ^^^^l\
jjl>l
4
^jil
4
4
4
j»jL^I
^^}1UJI
^^1
4
iUl^l
(L^)\
4
4
^Jil
J>
4
4
JUjIj-ijI
^l^.^l
4
4
^jJ^
^^1
4
jr^^l jL^Jl
4
i
jl
4
4
AJ^-i
^tldj' jt-^Ii^l
4
J^>
4
f^r^*
4
^./fJ(
4
JiUi'^1
'
(
^>wail
4
^y^'^
4
^jL^I
4
OL^>l
4
ijl^
i
i
£
JU~^I
fl^l
4
jl^^l
(
i)>il
4
££oS
^^1
4
^UJl
i
^l^i
(
^^^ ^ii
i-lr'^'i
LgJN^j
aIiiJ.1
.
,»
iv^liJl
'
t^jUl
4
j»i-liJl
4
V^^l jjUil
4
^^^1
4
°^
f Jil
^^\
4
4
S-^'
4
O^'^jJl
^^jJ-^l
4
«JU-1
jc^
^Lijl
jUi!l
4
^l^;!l
jUlJt
4
i^jt^iJ
(_p
^i
jV-?-«J-t
pi
;
/'>-»^)
^UJI
4
^^UJI
jj^V^
'
(T^^ jl
(»-Wl
4
j^^xLil
" ^jl^\
a
*ilil
4
4
(»L^I
4
^j-IiJlj
4
^-J'j
4
iiljjjl
e-Li
'
4
ysj)
CJ^
i
^^\
4
JU^l
4
~'>y~^^i
«Ji}Jl
4
^.~§^>_^l
4
rtJ^-Olj
^JUPjJlj
4
is^-^'j
jU^I
jJkJt
4
J--UJ1
4
m
y,^)\
Tt^jJl
4
4
T^^'lj
A^UJlj 4i_UjU
^;?JI
4
Ojixjl
j»J1j^Ij
I-UJI
4
4
t
ej-UJi
O^i-i-il
4
(J^L«J-1
S^lil
t
4
«
^-w<^l
4
^3^_)JI
j^liSl
,
Jjjil
^Iji-lOl
4
^^^1
4
j_^><J^lj
i;L^
4
^
J'
4
J^UI
fLJliJlj 4.Uk]lj LJlill
4
Jiilj
4
-iTjJl
4
«jUJ-l
t
'
rJJlj
4
^^
(V~^^
~
i^l
4
'
jljNl
«^ji'
4
.
•'J>;.i-:^
4
jLi^'l
t
jj^\
4
^llaJl
t
i
>
^^jiJl
4
4
J^)^^ _^l^l
4
>-r4^'j i_>1lJ1_5 JiWlj ^r^'j fl^'lj
4
4
jU^I
!^;->Jkt
4
'
,
4
'
jvSUJjt
JiJ*>lH
4
JlSil
4
Aiu.1
4
'
7-UiJl
S^U^I
4
^\
4
|i_^l
4
68
J^l
4
jU^^I
'
^
U JP) jO^i (J^yU)
t
4
jOUl 4
(»li»iJlj
t
^'Up
I iiLi
4
4
t '
i
.
jloi-l
4
J^\
4
-,_J2>JI
4
^\
c
y^\
jbji
^1
4
jjilljl
4
45'Nl
JilH
4
4
4
^W^C*^b
'
l^\t
j»Lf~Jl
4
-Cizil
(»4^'j
,.-,«J<Jlj
4
4
SJ-J-I
4_JNt
iil^l
J^l 4
4
^i^
Jl
jU-^l
(^IJJI
^
69
,\i:.\ji\
^jiUJl
c
4jjLJ1
c
oil-^l
^i
^
1^
c
^IjiJl
(Op^I
7:r^^
^
j^j)
cJ4^'
^
^
^
t
"^i^'
'
-*^'
•
('UfJ -^j^
(J^
;<-^>^)
5-^lj S^L^Ij
>
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
^
*
*
^^1
^^S''
i>
^L^'l
^
fi
'
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
^
'
^
.
£
*
jliJI
J^l
/
°'
-'
^
^\ ^'U^
^
70
' ^
^
t
c
.lijl^l
71
c
jLv Sol
i5~^---J^
t
'
^W"^
'
lJ^^J^^
jLidl
.
s-^-'^IiJI
'
i>JI
t
Ji-jU-l
c
rJ^^i
t
7-LiJI
jUiiilj
t
t
-Wmil
<
J-»-^^
'
.
'
Jj*^'
^Uj
J,i
^jil ^^j
£
^
W'*^^
^7:'-j^
^
i
><
.
iJlj^
5JU-I
Jij^^ Cj^'
aiA
j
Jj4
Ju-'ll/l
.
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
^ ji^
^^^
i lilj
\xJ\ sip
iiii l-Uj
(.
ji)\
L^l^l
J-
(^^.) -Xiji
"^
o^
l^i
.
c
C5-^-^'
(^jJUI
'
f*-::^'
^
(J
' -'
'
J.^.a.\\
'
^
a
(*l4>jl
c
(3^^
'
^ C
wjIjJjI
(,
7^'
y*^'
L^j'-^-^'j
'
'>
a
^^
'
°
J-J^ ^-U^
c.
IaI^«
->— '^^
(»--'
j>i-Jit
:
v_Ju*-jl
^^^
5~v«jy Jj;^ jjJj C$1
lilj
^'j]l
JU j
-u^'l
:
jjhvi^b
jt^
jlill
UiJI
/
^1 ^'U^
72 rvjjjjl
^1 C^
xh\
-i/
0^1
^v^iil
.JuUJ
•a.lil
:
^j ui
U^i
j>tAl
L5^y*^^
oi^r-J^
'.
^^^Jo-'W
c .
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
.
4J'L(^-I
JL.
IJjs
Ip
^.
^
1934
73
j
oyiUJi
-Ij" I
^'
^jy>-''
('^-«-=~»
V.^'J
„..,vg»^
W
*iH- W**r
t5
1
^Ww 4^v ^WJ ^'v'
1934
•^
t
5-^J
J,
.
2i
,
4
jji^
;.Uj
•
jtil
'
4jii.Ul
l-b^lj
t
'"^
iJc^J-^'
j
Ij^ij
U^«^iJ^
Jt,
UJ
.J
'
15)40
^j~-^_ jlj
f
m
iii^
Uijii.>-
^-*->-rJ
c
^U^l
"UJ
Owb-1
c
t
IjU^i
'.U'
r^JUa^
-X:
.-.^.^i
>
i^SA)
3
i>>JU i_ij^l Jpl^j
jU.1 ^A'l ^b^ll juj
jU
c
L^^^jj
A-^iJIj
(_$^^UI
^
(_j
ol>JJrs.,^llj
4^>,<Jj«JI
iajlj^l y_^j^
^^r^^^l
ijj^^l
o^l^j:>-U
c
^y*-'^
Hi-'b
a
jj
.w^
.w.
Jij
Lijbj
"^^i^^i^
' '
^
Iws^i'l
.
-^
UjrXJi
JajLi
c .
*
frV^'V fr\^.v
' '
'^^--^
slplyi
'
"^^y^i
^u
^.*,?v3
-1^.'
4^jaJI
j ^Idl Jp
;«^
v5
liLajlj
IS'
^
iijUi jJi^
;
^j*^' i«i;»J'
SjI^oI j;>~v.J
^LoNl
j^j^
U^_^
^^
(t^:^^^
-jjUi
jj^
U
Jl JJL-^I
C'^y- ^y^~ ^'
—
^
«
jZ^
^
:5*>UI
—
"-^
(3r^
i_~il>-
j-A^. AijJ-l
|j|
—
^
L^Jp
aJ.>>J.I
£
Ojb^
AjUlapl
^jAlJ ^j^J
__^
^'Up
j-^J
^.4.>Jkli
W~^
'
t
^
A-^Jp 4^1ji
UUjcUvI
j'
.
0*>UJklj
A-^JjJl
AI-^I io^LS
oL'^yij LiJJ-l
^,J:$ol
aJ^'jJJ
f
L^l
J^
'
^
Ly'l y^lj
l-v2^.
-
3
x.^jxU iy-U-l i.y^-'a'
U
fj^j-^i
*
Ip iUj>- 2iiljil ^,J>Jl
-y
jy^
i^\2i^y\
j><-»^l
^w5 Jp
4.U5JI
c
j^ v^'
ii;^ AiJLJJ
Jp
V--
r-
Jl
i.^_5'l
IjsJ L::^^ ^>-o^I
i_,j:S31
i
/«-o->J^I
t
^^
\
4jl
^«.o->Al
t_j^
i>-l^lj
£
dJ^lj
JjllJl
^XJJ
^Uljl Jp iLj
^^->wdl L_^j
t
^
>
^^\ Uv5j Jl
t_™Jl
Xllp
flij'yi
,^
(Slii) jjj
:
_
#
J-^'^l 1-^ olplyj
Jp
jjl
(_J J
t
jl
;
£
t_~Ova I—'-Uij
^«.4.>Jkl
t ^_^vii::flj"
]h
.
£
J^l
.
jl
74
^
OyJI Ol>>i^'
>
Lgj^
/ iiLl
>"
Xf^jS-i^
4i>J,l
.
cJliH J-^'l
J*iJl
t
j»'>Ut
^y
?-
4<^>,^,i5'
J;>il
j
j
3-^"^''
^^1 j
'
oJlJl
•*
>
Uaj jl ^>-*^l J~>v. c
jyjl
'^yA\
^j
c5^l lilj
{,UJ|
c
^^
AiJLllj
1934
75
5-^
o~^^
j
oy>U.H
SlyJl iiUI ^^.^^v"
(jib) k_„s^l
SJ^I oLjL; las'
«.LJl
IJiA
c
j-^"
iUS' "l^
iliiJjj
Lip jlT jU
t
(jl^^)
J^-^'^
aTjUdl '^
jUi^l
f
m
t
:
^>il
-s-^^"^
(Jla Jts^bj
i
Jf^ AJ^^IU
^i-^
c
a-^>-'^
^;;^'
J
^ oUISot
^j^I
^^y^l
j»
JP
(
J-^)
^^-
(J^) ^}^ ''
^J'^lU
Jy^
^ <^^
.
lil^^^l
_
i_JbJI J^S jl_^
J^ olT^U ^^1
O^^Ulj
c
i_—jJi j'j^ —
jj,l
^
^
^
CjA;-
e
^^j jriyJ* ^^ (^>^')
(»j>!
j^ jlT U j»5^l
Lgj:;^ (»">\p'^l
j_^l><Jl
({.L«wP )
—
jUJi j\j>-
^^^
jj>o jJJi
Jpj
c
>
^jUdl Jp
n^\
k^
A^
J-j*
^ jj^
^Jiii Ji AijJ-1
IjjJ^
4~-^y
A.»jJ.I
55'^
x.;J_^l
^r*-'j-* 7*1
J^J^
'
i5~''
jl
4jj<i>i
'
i:>J
Jj.^*i'l
Jj^
t
|_^
_
T
^J
:
I
oljl Ji. jUi
J-^'yi jl t
L^j^^^l
4^^ jU
5_^ j^
SjjjJI
A;ylJI
iUai;;^
d-Uij
U^
^5
5j^) ajJaijI
'^'*>\x!l
JjI-^j
L;'-^
m
Jp
jl
b<^,jL>-l
^li- (»-.JI
j
j^iJi"
^U^Nl
l-l^
IT
j
^ij
_
Olj
«.»^Ij (.%>^\ 4J>J
1
^LiJlj J^
otjj
'
^^\ ^^
((Lj^» aJ
^r>"2^
j
^__^'
^_.j:<J
l^-*^^ oJlrJ oJjjI
(JU^) JJj Jp
A-.UaJI a>-U-1
f
IS^J
AJullS
^)
J^UJI '^yjl
.
'
JT
J^j '^
(
j
_
^'*>liil
(^j^'
li|
j.jV
-l^WJl
-tiL>Jl)
J^
JUxil
_
1
Cll
_
2
'j::jjj
_
3
jjjl
lil
l5-^j (t-^) "^ V—'UU (5Jju«
v_-'Uli w:i>^
>
^'*>l;
(.sJ'"^'
J^
JU:Lil -bjl
'^^1 (»^Vr
^
j^ Ulj^j oliutil
J^l
oJia
Ijl
^<-:.»j>-
jj
77
slu^
i_Jii->-l)
»l^
^Jjjjl
U
jt~s-
xjl^l
J-^l
L^
/
4;«iJl
oL
^^\:>^
V '^;i\
7g
:
79
»L>/> ^Jiii*-!
<
oL^
i_ju;ji
U
>>^>>e
:
;4} J^''
I
i^l
^'U^
80
i^yS
Aii^ v_J^
-jli-JI
-^
j^lJI ^^
l/^\
Ij
4_?-)l:>JI
ajj-Ajt
7-
j>J'
^^H
J
y
(jUJI r^^)
^lU-Jl
r
^t â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i-:^
a
f
k^l L.L
jir
U
J^l o_^l li^
Jp
f-
IjJl
j
j»JiJl
jlj
^'
7^y
> ^y
:
^^JOI (jjJLiJl;)
:
jiS^^)
:
(f-Uiil
jj^'l (flkH
X}j
:
7^)
:
^1
.*
oil* oilj sU^'iil
.;>
sli^^lj
c>b
J^^J i^^)^ c^-)
CO >
jij^%
f
L^l
(jA)
Ij^. ci;JJl
(l5I>!I
^)
:
3l>lj
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
^ytJI uLH
83
JUJI
\^jS-
^^
L^
:
lilj
"Jji
4
JjVl
j«Ull
cjUS' jjp
oUi
^
iOi^j
CJlS' oUJJi
OJp
C—Jjj jy^\
ERNEST. RENAN jbj
^1
lil
iiiil
J^ioJ.! ^^
,
^
iJr 12302912
.
:
(JjSLi^l)
756 = 26 X 28
f
L^l
,
'<
y'lj
_
^^
i
e.
_
'
^'
i
sjjt))
i
^
:
c_^U
s-'r^^ iLjcu.^
y^ jl/^
(J-WI
jl
>^
^.*-^l
iLft^)
iL-^ oJlT
^iJjlj Jl^j
^
J^y-
^^^S^_
^
j\
^j^. '^yi ''^^
19656 = 26 X 756 (25)
(25 X 26 X 27 X 28
'
Vs;**.^^-
j
:
^ V^/i f J^
J^l^l
(jl4' 1-i^
^j^^
'-r'r^^
J) 491400 =
'^i*
^h jj-^
(V-y') j^
^^
25 x 19656
^l)
85
ijyJl
iiill
CjUJS' iJ^
^
^^UJI J-^l
^Uji
•^
(oUil)
(1-6-^j
.
L^l
AjJ
Jli
^yi
(2964)
;UJ
^'Up
86
i^
(^^^
^^
Lj^j^j
*i>v5*
(1-fr^
^"
U]l
/
-^-^
j^.
M
^
OlSL-j
o>vJl
»jJ_^i
oW
;'Ja;Ni
A^JJij
IjjjjI
5> j
(358)
J
Liyl
5jli
j
(276)
J
ir^f
»jli
j (1264)
J
aJJ_^l
j
(79) ^
v-^>Ji
AJUa.^/ij
^b
v-jj*
.
ajJ
:
Lj!>^^
j/> L^'jUa^-
f
m
Jpj
ji
1^-Ip
^yUj
$>
^Vls'yi
t
'
^j^
4A31;
oW
^y^j
t
saUI
BABONIA
W^lj
^
^
aJL^Ij
J
^^^jJ^
•
J^ jJJl jLJJl JS^I; L^y^
:>ljl
^ l^
'
_^
}f x^
(987)
4JU;^ij
jLJ j^
aJIa^I
jtJ
u^j^^
uJiix>-l
j
»jli
^^LijS!! jj^
4lj->Ui
<^y^^
iJ
(^'
i
^
\^'j
(^Jy_j^\
L^jipj
C^
ij
lliiJ
Ijjl
lj_br^,
i«J^I
ji
a j^T
L>-jJjA$ol
U-riy^'j
Jp
t
v>^'
oyJl
x^ U-j.«j5j
**'J'
ij*^
^1
^Jj
tLWI
^
^Vl
^^-^' iiijJl
TELEGRAPH ^t>UU
AUTOBUS
L^l
4j -^axJI
-L^^\ oUiil
oU-*>l]a,^Nl
(iUy-l)j
J_^LU
(^^')j
PHONOGRAPH ^l>^yU
(^^^')
.
f
^Ij
{Jj^\ J-^^l)j C^^^')
.jr^.yp^
BALOON
Uai
[ J_yJU ] tU-UJI Ci'y^
1
oUl U^l
cr''
/
^1 ^'W^
VARNISH
MIOPIA
(Vjtr^) y=^*
JOURNAL
j-^ (4i>J.i)j
Jl;jj>-U
.
»;?-
MICROSCOPE ^j5L.j^<LJJ TELESCOPE vj^-~^
CAPSULE
'^j~~SM
MALARIA
Lij">UiJ
SANITORIUM ^jjjyLJJ
(oLi:sUJl)
(Jy>^l
^1)
c^l
jl^l
J^ (aIpUJI) (aJjJJI)
(AMFEPA L^l) yU^l
ol;lj~>JJ
5 Cw*^;
MADAME
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
(*1-Uil
J.^.'
'
*\.«>^
(4i^l)
jLJl
(JaLtiJi
f
L^l
MADEMOISELLE ^Jy~uii
(i-J^^I)
TELEPHONE JjiHJ
(^i^-^*,
o_/r'^
Ui^)
-Up ijJiJ~\ t_-ap jIxj
SlijJl
iUU-
litA:^!
j*^
(.yj' ^-^
(JUl
4^
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
V>\plj '^\
91
Ul
j.*>LJl .
4ip
(J^J ^y^
JtJ<^l^i
.
<u1p
j>'>LJI
.
.
Ji3^
^:^\ii\ l'js-\^
.
^-^' ^y^* (^' C?
-*:!J*)
J^ CJlS^ j^^j
Jtj^-lj^*'!
j_5jll2JI
«y
^
( j*>lj
^
^
("65 8
^
i\jj
t^j^l
jj j^fly
Jl
V'
t>!
AiJJlj
j*>lj
J*i
^)
jlla>J a1_^
j^ Jjl _
L^
j» Jjl _
^ Jjl
c_-:53l j-')
^
t
c941
.
^
£
.
.
j.787 Ai^ jyi-l iSXj^\jiS\ J^t .
("1097
Al^ (JjXll
i^ jj^l
^ ^IJiJl
jlJuil jUjJl
«^Jj
^_j;yjl
^Ji'yi
jt-^
^1 ^ J}!
_
Jj-^l /W5J i>^ Jj'
-
j oUUil
^ ^1 ^ .
.
jlk^o
^
^ys
L_~>t-ij (_;;;
4-j^l
.
L^l
jJ*Jl
CI- aJjsUJI
j
^ jyll
IJ^ 5jjL«
j
U
(JjijI
.
Jjl
Wfl'
_
cl008
wja?^ v^ Jjl
J^lji ,«-sijJ i_A>«-.^l
c688^69
.
f
AaJjI
j_^
f
jyll jLjJl
c864
^yJl j^Uil «_^
jU-JrJl ^UJI -U^ Ap'AJ'
_
c750
.
•
-
L^
^
*
<Jj'
/j-«
Jjl
^^^1 J)
j.705/j»'87 Ai^
_ _
(^1
.
4^ jjil
(.669 /*49
.
C766/a149
jL*ip ^^C
c735/a1 17
^ jjil
((^1>JI
^
.
.
.
.
L^l
-wi
jjlil
1)1:5'
(j_?J-l
(oi^Jl
x-^sj
-^1
cf-
jjT
^)
^j-^)
jjlp
Jjl
j^"^'*
^'^
v^U
jl^)
L^l::^
^r^U
_
^ jyil >^1 v^ ^r^^
^ jjil
(c'r^"^')
"^^
c933/a321
^ jjil
C'j^r^'')
^^ ^r^^
^^^
(^-r^l) -r^^ ^-^U ^ (-707/^89 ^ jjil t>) ^'L-^l
c903/-^291
-
^ ^)
J^
('^y^l ^*^
Jj\
c863/a249
.
f
^ jjil
c898/a285
.
'^^
j
(
^ ^j ^
(JU-I
^l^) ^r^^
c712/a94
c822/a207
^1
(jyil
j>Ji\
.
^j>Jl
jljjl)
jjJ-l
(Si--- j>.
-
93
UJI
[^'if-\j
i\jj
(^UJI
.
.
f923/A311
('1388/a791
.
f829/A214
^b:^
._^U
jlil ^Ujl)
^1:^
.^U
iL^ jjJ>l (l_^.>11)
^l:^
.-^U
j>il
(
(^'lUl
('1273/a672
.
^
jjJ>i (j>JI
^
(^j—'jj .
fl359/A761
^
"Oiil
xp
di)l
.
(»1037/M29
.
.
(-999/^390
Xp
^
jjJ>l (<^^j^^))
.
f
L^l
(»766/a149
^b^ .^^U c
^br ._^U
j>^l (^>l)
^bT ._^U
jjJ>l (Jli-S/I ^^c,.^)
^bT L_^U
iL^
(i^l
-
°?^
j>il (jkll ^^l^i)
^bT
.^U
jjj>l -u^^^^j ^iJ:^! jjj^ (j«^UJI)
^bT
^.^L^
(-859/^245
A1--
c
»Liji /^l
Ai^)
jjJ>l
'
.
JU^)
^-01
Ai^
_
_
^.^U
L_.br
^ jjil (J-4l) ^bT ._^U
^
(•1505/^911
^1124/^518
^ J.^) diiU ^1
j M^l)
J
.
JUil
>)
jjJ>l (j>JI
a:--
ai^
^ J^L-I)
_
f83o/j!>2i5
.
.
i^ jj^'
^919Ij^26S i- j>il
.
fl 108/^^502
.ji^"^'^ ^jy*^'
Ja^j'^i
j^')
Ohj>-J'
(jHr^'
jHr^'* r4
^^ v^U
'^ jj^l (jkil ^y^l v^-V) -r^^
t5j^l a,*^
.
fl 144/^^539
.
c994/a384
.
.
cl750/^1164
.
L^l
(^-I53l
^ j_^l
f803/j!^188
.
f
^ j>il
'^ jj^>
f935/j»324
c929/j!>317
J-p
v^ v^^
j ^WJl)
^^ v^U
J^l)
^^ v^^
(^Jj^^ ^^)
^r^ v^^
(Jp
J
(j>-Jl
^ jy^\ j^\
-Oil jj_^
Jp r^l)
^J
(j[riJl
v^^
i^ j_^l
j>-Jl
Aj- j^J^t (j>-Jl
J
j f4
»')
-^Sj^^
^^
_
j^^l -
v^L^
V>^lj
95
.
iL^
jyll
1228/^626
j*
^^1
(^Uil
iiili
a;-
jljj
jyll (j*jWI ^bl.) ^l:;^ ..^L^
^LUlj
^1^1
^IJJI)
^l::^
c_^U^
(*1252/;^650
.
<
j*l
.
Al^
jjil
4 14/^^817
^y^'
(^:^i3l
^ jyll J
V^y"
j>s-^l (^j^UJl) ^1:5'
ji^^
(*1254/a652
a:-
jyil
(l/j^' Uv.yv^l ^y^)
iL^
jj^l
(v^^'
c1174/a570 i^ j>il ((^H
cri^
V^
r^)j
(s-=^'^'
^^)
^' ^'S' ^y:-) .
.
.
f
L^l
j*l
(*895/a282
144/^538
a:--
Aj;--
j>ll (JI>JI
Jyll (_pJI
J
..^Us
(*1368/a770
v^
jUjJI .
c
V^ v^^
rUal*) .
.
c
v^U^
jj__^jjl
^wslj
<_.l:5'
,.^^1^
*_jI:5'
._^L/5
^1287/^686
jUVl) ^br ._^U
JUiil)
v^
^_^'u^
^ .
j»l
249/^647
.
\^\
«^UI
4j^ jyj-'
liiH
I
jj-jil
(c5^,-^._;3-l
^-980/a370
Ol
.
c1235/-^633
(•1127/a521 i^
(^) ^l::^ v^U' J^Nl >1 -UP) i.l>Jl ^,1
^ j>il
j»1172/^568
(^.^t^t j>-J*)
(^1 -1^1 -t^ j
^^ v^^ v^ v^^
^.y::.!!)
^l::^
(:>^1) s-UUj 4jj1^j:>
.>956/-;^345
^
jyj-l
(^^.,^1
ei*>V::^l
'-^ .
i;^ j^J.1
iAiJI
>j.Lp
c897/;!^284
j
j
^Uxj
j>ii (J^^S'I
jL>JI y!>jNl fU-Lp
SJI)
Jp
^^)
jA ^j^-Ol
jlu!'!
.
T^-iJlj
(/rj^l
(*^*7^)
(^r^'j
Jy^b .
f
L^l
Lip
_
v_,-^L^
*_jL5'
j^l (>'^')
•932/a320 '^ jylt
.
v^U^
^ j>il
.
.
V^
V^^')
oUrijJc^Nl)
j-p
-li^
96
(^^' J
(
rt__Lv.
^Uj^
._^l^
-^ aJoI
-l^
.-.l:;^
v_^U
^\:^
v_^U
j^
^^
-»-?*^^i
_
-
(-1882/^1300
^V.-^' j_0^
-'^^^J
ij^jW''
^Ji^rv^^
1^
"^"^
i^ V^
^'^''3^3
AjtUl
<Sj'y.
-^\A\
97
jT^ j_^ bill- oS
4jlj
^
UU
t
aJL^I 'l^ C~l^ JJ"^^
c
^f^l
J
IJji
j
V'j^'
j iL^I
j.jip
iiJJl
^^=^'j
i~pljJl
AJiali'
/^r^
/^
^\
4_;2^ok^l
)o
j_5j
;
J^'^::^
i
>_.j;<Jlj
t
i_j60I j^^*
bijS'y vljjhjl
a^;~iOl
j_jJl
L^
t:
y^ ^^
^tjtt j^
^-^^N
jvPj
Ip
IJla
^i^jJJJl aIJ
Lgjj<->-
U
c
5L?-Ij
t
jlSoM Oy^b
liL^I
£
c '
jljJL
OjUa:*-!
L5>-^jJj
\a>
f-J'tiJU
A-.oJjOI
c
l^-vajL,;2^j
^lyl
lJ_;^^2P
j
LI-'
^
f
L^l
^
Jj-^l
v» Lf^
'^'j
t
4il:>J.I
jy^\
^
£
,,
, _
f
^j<iil
Laaii>-
--
it
£
''-r—J
i
JSt
£
ij
r
£
c
£
^
Lj^jUi
i
^
^
^ c
*
j^l
^bJl
v^'Up
/ iilll
.
o^b
4::^;>J.I
4:^Nlj
^^1 ^Uil
aJ lijs iiv-
J) 15 Lj_/J1
5
cJIS'
^ ^^ ^_5;jjjl
.
^iSj^\
^b
^4 -
;*^'
^'i^b
^ ^^
(v?'^ Jj^
^ PEDRO DE ALCALA
^ji
-J^l y^^ ^Wl
^1
jJjil
186 8
b^^ -
^Ic-l;
98
:
'^^^^ 'j^
- J^^^l
j^'^j
ft--''
si^' ""^-i^i^'^
r^^'
t^j^*
(t-=>^'
J^f.t:i..wJJ 4
.
1805 2^ «r^
BEDWELL
-V^lj
1505
t^^l^'^j J^-iouJkl
RAPHELENG
t^^y>l
(iy:^uJ>l
1613
^ (^
GOLIUS (^^y>l
Jy^JuJ,!
.
.
1653 JaJ j
GIGGEI
CASTELL lS'J^} 1669 «>
f
L^l
2=;^^ (v^-^
^^^
f:^
Al_yJl
4jJJl
Jj^r
^
ti^r-iJ^-J.!
Jj'"^
(*.>t^
^
J,lk;X* Jj^i-JuJsi
1632 JaJ
Jjj^I;
(«>
v^' ^^*
(•'^^
99
f
m
,^uii
^\ji\
J^i
/
^1
v^'up
100
1956 '^j^\ i^^l -u^
1956 1957 il^ JiUjj c^Nl 1958
Uj
A^l
^1 J^l 1959 (^-JT jj-L-
Jp l5>^)
-^^h^yi^
(t-=>*i-'
I960
1962
Ji*>^l
1965 FISCHER
1968
AJL^
-J^
-^ ^^1
-i)'
:>j»^^
Jy:.:LJ.I
(jli'^j
Jj^l
Olyrr
«-j>Jl
r^ opuii
il
J^C;^
t_JLv-jJ
1?-
<uLp l_j Jil
a)^./
'^'J«
oJpl
1968
1871
(J^U ^UJl (^>l) 1871
ROZE^^I
1876 CHERBONNEAU
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
JaJ^I
^^1 jU
^Ull
101
MACHUEL ^yi\
Jyu:iJ.i
J^y^U
^.>o^
1917
DOZY
j^ijUi
(^ajy>i
;^^i ^uii iUij
1881
1883 1951
^/-j-Jl BELOTc^S/i
^ U^l
(i'y>
16 (A^)
BEAUSSIER ^^>J1
(i^^JuxJ.!
y'lj^Jl
j
4^
^^_,^
^^^
^ j,_^ ^_^U
^s~^>Jl (i^^oiJ.!
j^^
1890
aJlyiJi
XpI 1887
1931
1888 CUCH
aj'ja!!
ou-ji
i^:>S/l
1903 hj-^^^} c^jMl -u^
FAGNAN ^^>JI
(iyu:uJ.I
1923
oJl^l
^_^U
cSjMI ^j^U aI^JI ^^_,-^ljiU
Cj%S3
ylj>Jl
1942 i^yi L.PROVENCAL
^^i
j,^!
^^
^^^
J
^-L^
^^^
(i>u;LJ.I
^L
(».>o.^
BELOT^^l 1949 '^ l5>>^1 1952
:
^,yi\
JbJ'
oj^ (^^1
BERCHER ^^>JI ^yaJ.1 1953
1955 S^^l ^kJl
AjL-i
PELIAT
1967
f
m
^,J^.
.
BLACHERE
jt^
NOLDEKE
f
L^l
^yl^l
jli*^j (i^^^JuJ.!
j_}vaA!l
/ AiJJI
>_JL>^
102
^Uil
103
1887
WEHR
WAHRMOND jll^'l J^,.t;uJ.I
J, ^^^^
1952
1960j
Jl;^ ilyj ^_^li ^_ij jj--^l
1963
1962
^l-U;
9^
Jr^y
(V^l
jil^/l
tlj^l
iJ-J^^'
-V
GIRGASS i^jjl
(i^r^^iJil
1881
PANDALI
1903
BARANOV
(»-=^^
Jljli
er^jjl (i_/c:^l
1912
^J-'^^;r^
j
4iy<^
u-jy>J' TT^'
^jjl
OljU
^
jSL-j^
j^jjl (iyuiJ^I
^_^"lj^
(»-=^^
1946
CHARBATON
CRASNOVSKI
j^jjl
(i_^.,ijij.l
1952
/i^y
1955
/i^y
^J^JJ\ Jyu:iJkl
1959
f
L^l
-
^^^^
(«-=^^
f
^yjl
^jj\
^_y\2i\
jSL-^
1822 JWUI j^j JJUj JU^.^/l
L5^JJr^
^1
(i^^jiJ.!
^^
JU^.l
JLjl; LSL-
^^is (»-=N«^
104
1871 LJj^ SCHIAPARELLI
^jj
1912 TUCCl ^^^\ J^iaJ.1
.t-
S„j2ji
;
!
tU^'
.^.?"L*,'
o\^
1963
jv>«^
,^-v>i'
^A
^\<\\
A.D.GARCIA JW'^j ^l^^'L
1948
^
^^
1940 i^
^r^) ^'J
!j
•J^-
(4^
(^si^ 0'
w^
)
-
^/^'
(^^
.X*P
-
^*/
cr-r^)
JT'A^
,t-^?«J"-^
lS^) e^^l ^r^'
1968 1887
1894
^1
^I.>]1
DUVAL ^>SI
>'l^
(^y^ - o^-r^ r>^) ^^^*
J^
c^^' A^jUii
^>>
;.1324
j
j»^^jtii
^-f^
i
oUl!!
Jii^l
^^jij
^
.tJ>i*.^
.li!l
l5'u"I
J_;\~vj1../?.:.>-
L^l
AiLi
J>uk.
1876
•'.J>;.i-:^
.,j>o<a1
j>l^l
JIj^I ^jU
1920
'I
DECOURTEILLE
1870 1895
L
S?
O^Jt^^j'
>l
W' '^^^
(OW
-Uil
105
-.3 Jt,'
'
^^yU^ 1639
-4,>-
i*.~!
S^-'r-"^
GERMANUS
Ujj
1882 J\^\ 5y.^
^
j^UJl
y
5
jJ—^
v'
(i->>J«-*
1895 1898
1899
jjj«ji (j^iy
^j-'^
1905
1913 y^L.
1913
Ujj
GRIFFINI
CASTELNUVO
1923 l-u^ 1923
Ai^l
1919 1931
(Ljjj-wj
BARTHELEMY ^j^'^ 1935
JiUJNl
»->i-*-^
j-^) ^UjI ^J^UJI
Jy^iJkl
Lf^'j^
»->i-*-^
^_^>il Jy^iJkl
lt^j^
r^^
^.jl^
W.MARCAIS 1942 J\j^\
1944
4J2P
fi->'^«>'
ls'-J^
(i-^N*-*
Jli-I
JV>5J<-^
Uii^ -V^j
DELAGRANGA JW^j
JyiaJ^l
(A_j JiLl
A^UJl) (jJV^
1949
1956 J^>i
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
j^M'
i3i^'>
-^
vWI J^>1
jts- ^liil J-aaII /
1963
f
L^l
^la~
^1
J-^l^
^1
iiiJI
i_Jl>.^
106
^Uii
107
c
30
JiUi'yi
^'
L^l
Jjcu
jS-
j^)
^1
OU^I
J^
«^,.i,.siJ.I))_j
Siiil
jLx;
jvLu
iv^UJl
iu-
3-^
,1.^1
DICTIONARIES OF
aOAj
jv^Uil
jJaJl
f
ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES
JJ (yyj
^
6 X 5 '-Jj^ -
^y>_j
JO
^j
jlpIwjj
jUil
oU;njw
Silii'il
oU;^*ll
OlJil^sLI
OU?ww
SYNONYMS JiUJ'yi
SjjUxLl
aLjJI '-Jj^
J^^'^l
PERIOD DICTIONARIES
cJj-^j
Jl
^..o;:-
=
jv
4iJaJI
THE CONCEPTUAL DICTIONARIES
231
(j_>il
ct>L-
^
(»^Uil
X^
^^N
PRONUNCIATION DICTIONARIES
oUIk.J.I
^Ji;_j
"-^j^
'*-*^
j_^Jd]
^<iji„,l4
^*>l!
OytJlj
SJNjOI
JUll
^riy<J'j
A^yjJl;
^i^^*^^
((Lp-IjjJI
(cJUvall) >_^.>J1S'
jW
(Vv^b
JiliJil
JjyJl
oU?ww
OU?ww
TERM DICTIONARIES oUJk^l
t
-
(«Jr\*«
^i^'
jtJ>oc«))j
t
T-^^
1928
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
'
109
AJ>i!s[l
^;^Ji
ii-zTrW
4.0^1 A~JjJI Ol>-'>lii^^!/l
'Vy-S^^
i^-^lAJ
.
ijXj
'
Linguistics Sociolinguistics
J—^1
Psycholinguistics
AiJJl
Ip
Applied Linguistics LinguisticDeterminism
(/^' (
Syntox Semantics Duality of Patterning
USLiJi
4_^io
Verbal Communication Generative
Grammar
Phonology
Marphology Lexicon Descriptive
Grammar
Competence Grammaticality Linguistic Conversion
m
•'J>;.i-:^
aJjil
^pJt
Linguistic Transformation Linguistic Creation
^jJJl
(i>^l)
Language Comprehension L. Structure
f
m
a-pIJj*^!
iijLJl
Sjck^l
Language
Colloquial or Slang
j
^j^^
Linguistic Behaviour Artificial
jUi^ii
c^y^'
j'
V^' ^' 4jJJl
(4jJJl;
iiJJI
j»^
ivsUJi J^l_^l) ^IJl
Ill
iiJJl
^1
<U3_j iiJJI
AA2j A*UI
Af- jj
^
>j
.
l^jOi
^_jx!l
oL;_^l .
.
A^yJl
:)l_^l
SEMANTIQUE
oL-ljjJl
Jl><^
(J
.
A^
jiJI
fL»Ip
tUj (iiJJl
/-«
Jp)
^,~xj
("UJl
s^L*^l
If-je-i'
ji^l
PHILOLOGIE
jUJ^U
iSy^
oUJJa-^a^ SOP iz^
PHONETIQUE
jjpj
L^i Uj
Jp ^b
.
«Jl:p
W-d'jj
oC'_^l
jJp
^^/Jl
jtipj
jl
4ii)
(iiJJi
y
f
L^l
(Jj
U UUj (j^j
'--^J
lAj-v^l
^1
L^ Oj-aU^I
.
4^>^>-^l
'AiU^ '^^JjJ*^*
JLjUv-I jjL^iiij ^y«Jl
OJia* i_Jo
jUIp
^Aj^' SUxlU
c
^
4^.wUil
'
,
U-
jUj
jil
-y (jy-X^l Jl -Uj
:>jJisi
uiHjjj"^*
0>l>- l»-^
CJK'j
^ ^JJ
(»_^^ (Jp
«
(4iUl <4J) ^Jlja.,^ 4.»j>-y
J-^*^'
LINGUISTIQUE
PHONOLOGIE JjSC^I
i
:
(^-^Jl
iJliJI
.
PHILOLOGIE aUx.
^)j
Ji*
(4jjjl
Up)
(4jjjl
iJ*^:*
li
<
O^j^
«j-»-§i
-^
0\ dlJi
(t-^1
(Jp J-^
:
j»i_^ -J.P
t
c^l ^1
LJl
.
Jj
jjSs,
U ULj
ijli
Ajjjl
^J
4ijy<il
^j
PHILOLOGIE
f
m
ls^j^jUi\j
L«Jt
Uj
Axjjl
Ob>J,l-?.,^U
J,l
JS
JUxi^'l
LEXICOLOGIE
=i!tj
.
jl
j,
iS-y^y '^yi 4:3^
jJpj
^y^S^Jj
>-Uilj
GRAMMAlREi
JljJJI fr^^lj
1
i^tjjjl
_
3
C^jJ-1
(^j^j^J^
^y^')i\j
_
^^1 jUil Ul
DIALECTOLOGIE
ONOMASTIQUE
TOPONYMIE
L^Ail
4iy<^
j:)^I
.
LINGUISTIQUE r^^h-A Uj:)l^
J5
ETYMOLOGIE ^.j^''
L.o.>JI
j ^j..^ US^I
UL:>Al oUsjLt^l
^^
jJ!>
iv-lj:)!
'W?j.,,'?.i
.
-t-Wl
JjCj^ji^
oU^I
—>JU
j
MORPHOLOGIE
STYLISTIQUE vj^"^*
— 2
iiLljjjI^I
113
^^ \ Ob) ^>ij (IJj) ^1 (^) H\
•
.
Jaii
j
"y
(S^U)
oUjl^l j
•
(UiUi)
(S'li)
.
^^1
s^Lvj
"yi
-^
Jiu.
(^U)
(jU:)
c
Uy j_^>o
^yi
S/1
^-^^ ^y^i
(jij) ^ji
Gj)
so^lj
(«jj_<^
•
4
^
l^ia.
'^|il
''^l
J^
j^l
(^1)
f
L^l
^^l|
('^) dr^
^
'-^-
oyJl
^
t*--'
j
ji
_
^-
j oL
^^
^J
4
j ^1
iUS^ oyJl
Sjj^X. OLO-;
^l.) <]jl
J^''
^^
1
_
^
-
'4jj - 2
^/J '^Ij - 3
djj^\j
C^jlJ-l J>aaJl
/ iiiil k_-;l>^
(iLjXvwi) -b-(j Jiii (^_^
t
:
>•
i^J*^* .
.
j_^
^yJI
oUir
(8)
^*>ir
jri^
t/j) (^'^J *^^J
^^-Ujj
^l>oij
c
(^1:)_^
J
lo^lj
fU>L) (
\ij>-
^
ojUo- Oli
i^j'
(j^j*)
Lxjla)
^
JjtiJI
fU
<u^j
jjvii» A»t<>^j bjJjf
(*J-^
114
t^^J
{^ jAj)
c
,_^ _
j
^J^J
^Up"Jj
'^'^J
(i?-jjjjil
5i>
^U^j »
—
;
I
° I
>__^l "Uij
i
^b
—
j*
jj^ ^ _
ijjyJl
lJ^'l
gs*j)
'-i-'Ji
-
'
;
'i
115
•
j
iiijl
Q^
a**^
1^
c^^U^
JjS/i
UjU
i._-s>I.
:
*L>-
JJ
U UU
IJuij
^o;
c5:>U:>-
jjlyJl
a_pL> (*lj) Ujju (j_^) ^_yjl
(
^^
j^- ^ ^_5
'^1
o*c- jU
.
^^/Ij
J^'yt
Jul
c
j.^ J
A-4
.
.
aSnI^-
o-a!
Ij*>l3
:
y. a^ij
:
JiiJ
.
J
^1
I
.
jjfcj
.
jiij
c
"yi
cJl;
^
(iUij) jjj
-^Ij jwUaI -bull
^LaJj
LjLiSj
j
OiJi^
jp
jj^a^
5_^..Lp
^^J K^J
^
*Ul;
^'
Jp1> Jp Jul
^1
^yi\ ^ys'
Jl
i
L5^J
^
-^
^' ^
_
^
_
ij
^'l; ot A^yJl <--!y^
^J
_
J_^j s^Sfl c^jiL^j •
Ui
>
^^
S^UJ*
;
//j ^U!
if
(r)-j (^)-j
JyJi
•
_ ^)\ _
•
j-j'^ili
J-*U- a'j^lj
_ ^1 _ ^U!i _
,^j^
s'y'
- (jWl
(r)
^\ _ _
cr^'
ji!oi
-^ ^^* ^
_
o-^ -
^y - >l!i -
JUjcLv-I a_^:^) jUaA^ sly<|
_ (^jj
4j a-^^^
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
116
.
j
j^\ i^\
aJ^WI Ijy.
j
c^^U^
Sj^TIll
^Ujs.
^
j_^l)
dJill
J^IjNI
xp
_
:
j^^l
:
ApUpr
:
-
(-lUJl iiL.) ^L<il
^Uua
/^I
-UUil
^
i
^^\ oIpLj
J^>
.IpL.
oil
t-
jlSotl
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
Jp
di^i- ajN
av Ji
ij
.
4lv
»-^
5;
^^^^
:
3^j
j^
-^^
J^j
Aiiiljjjl^l
117
/-
.
.
^^^\ _ c^jdl _ a^JI
".
='p'y»"
(.UJI
f
L^l
•
''
'
*
\
_ ^Ul _ y^\ _ ^1 _ ^^il
i
Aft-
^) ^'
i
i^nj*-
'
As*;
(,i]ji
^) ^^
jj^ij
>
.
A^lj
iji\^\
J^i
/ aili
L^l
118
-
cJj
,
(j
dJ}jj /"Je
j^ Uil^i
f
^\>^
(^^*
Jiijfj
*-^
rj^
*^1
s-^.>^'
l^''j(
^i
*
lyj
-^^Sm
119
U]ljjil_^l
dJ a*^J\^
jj^u^lU
eJiW Jw^l
UjJj jjS'j
.
.
(Khalis)
4^' ji
f
L^l
ijii
^UJl
IKOS _
4^j>^
^
^li iii
ji^j
UJI
L^
ob^j ((tr^^*)
j^i J^ -
/
=
^<-o.::jr-*
^J
ObjJI -Up t
^'Up
(f^)
t;^
120
»^* ('^y^^)
(l/^) cT^-J
^^. (o^^*)
oj^iii '^os;^
\J^ Uj^^
'J*
v^-v^b
^'>^i
oi^
-
«
fLo-JI j4p
121
t
-v-W
tiji
'>U5v«
J^J
^-J^l
2
oLi>JI jU.
Lf^l^-'j
t
j^ljj'
i^ljJi
4^U]I
Jl
OlPjx>.>t^ y>l_Ji!
^r~:j<j
syl^
j_5
IjLipIj
(
jUil
f*^^'
(aJ|j_^j_^x^Ij)
til
i^^l^-j
ilr^'i^''
(^'
J^
'-^
t'~»---) j(
J*^
|j
oiy^
aJjIjU^
^_^ljJl
1^1 Jj^
AJiiUI
«-^
AiJJI
JJi;
j/> j^:iS'
ij
/^
j
L^l
(J
j*^
^-^-^^
-v^
jAljii
4J(JJI
iU^
Aivsi-^
i__$'l^lj SJjJl>-
j^«
A:^«->-
j-a:^
-*i-*^
U
ij
^j:3l
JS' (i>iX-o jAj
tL^I
~J}*^
€\
sJlSi
'--'J^
jb
-IUJlI
_
^-^.J
IjyJ:
JjJjJklj
t
A_-(jJ
-bliJl
JUii^^lj ^pJL)
aj^
CJjj^ oL^ljjJl
aJ
^^1*^1
jSi^^
^J^\ _ ^LJI
f
^j^
^jjj^
-^ jc^«^ "^Ux^ [^Jl^
AJajlJlj jy.^2f^\
0->tJ OjUi"
j O-^y^
SEMANTIQUE tW-^'
jjj^
,
^^,~jc1I
^-L^
7Jlj>-
(fjt^j.r^)
t5'
i
Jn;
^jji;
("l^
t5j-iwl _psiJl
,
JLOI
1883
«.U;-j
^l>-
i^ljOj
Oii
|-/2:j'
'
Ip
Aj
AjyJ
A^U:;>-1
^i
^y>i\ jLJ]l ;<^lj
;<^
1
jj^lj (Linguistique) a-uJVI
^Jip
jUJl
Jp
J^l
^^^ji^kJ
j^l
L-AJJ
SjjLs^
^^'j [/-J^ eJuVj
^jjUo?- Ai^
f
'm
.
f^\
i_-«-i
uy.
odll
^W^
Jauljjt
#
ft
L^^l
/
122
*iUj
oN^Lllj Jj^UaNlj LpU;;>-VI Liu;
.
j_y^ r^J^ *)^^
(_^ 1-Oj^
^'ir
AiJJl
i
oU-fUlj oUUIj ^
^
ft
jl
jj-^j j-,^1
oI^^L
Jp La_^
r i-)i
fi
JU;*>IJ U^j^^^
_)y^^
_
L§J
<lj\.Jaiiu>
123
OyOl
jjp
aI^jJI
' \
iiiilj
^1 <> ^-^'
'^.A
4j^y:5C
Oijiyill
jlvi:>-( '
' -
(AJ^^I
.
J-*-^ '
"
4.J53I) jijjUJl Ji>^
oLJ53l
Xs-y^y
i^ljJj
'
° ^
UwU-
A>-J^l
\'x^.
C-^y>-
e^'Uil
Jii
Jjjj'j
(ajL^) i^L. vb' ^-*^
982
V-j^ 2-^
850
4jl3jj
ijr
470
A^"N
iJT
67
4j^
iJ5'
42
isTy
iJT
32
aJILI
iJT
17
2503
f
L^l
. ^ >
" ^
""'
*^
>
°' I
<uIp
^^I
J^)
4i^ ^Jalp
:
_ (4^>^l) ^^ _
^y
_
_
_
(|_^p~^)
j_^
_ ^jy _
Sii
(
J^ .
jLS'
f
L^l
-US'
_ ^j^ _ <-^
_ CjjXU _ _
_
iJ*>l«
_
(jt-WI
— ^j*b _
tJLwiJ
A>t_w
_
A;>-*>U
_
ji^^>ti
f-
bo _
4^Uj
_
^
fl^jS'
^j^ _ jl>o
jji»lj
—
—
_ Jby^ —
aIp
rJli
J:>.i
_ Ji _
^Ji-
- j:u^ di^
'
-
o-.h'^
_
J-^li
«
- Ir^ - u'-^
_ (j^l -^j) J-^7^ - (^^)
(-"^j^) jjj'^
_
_
- J>^ -
L^jl>o
J'
(9 yCj\
jb)
f-
(J
c"!)^
_ ^IJi —
ojjjU
_ JjS^Juf _
_
_
J^ - LK^ -
^ — ^^ —
—
^jA»i^
jiJi
'
^^) ^'/ -
Aj*>IS'
—
_ jby _
•*
uT*/
-lalp
I
— i-^^ —
^j^>v-v«
^y>r^ cj'^r^
A-v-:^
— 0>*^
_ A^Lw> _
CjJii^
_
(Aa-Js)
— ^'^ —
Oj-wli
_
j\A~^y»
—
((*^^^'
Vr^^ J^y^ jy^^
(> ^-iJl oUiS^I
''^.A ^'1
125
JjjJl
J2jy>
Stabulum Imperator
aXJjJIS^I
4.,.._:S3i
Jip^fl
j_^ij
^J)
(^;>J-i
'ulSol «Ja C-i>-J)
:Bucca
(»i
-*^
l5*^'
(»r^*^^~~^
<.
•
•
^\j
-1=^
^1
Papa
Petroleum
^_/^ iuiLw Barca
^ ^Sy'~~^ j^ Buccina ^J^"
i
(^^' Residuum
'
jS
JiL. jjjis Strata
(-ijjjdi
j^\
Sacer
Furnus «L>- Vita (
jLT
i
v-jUJi
^)
aiij
(Korsan a^_/JI Uu-I^j)
^\Si jlj^ Campana
_^I ij^j^
^1^
slLip
Cursor
Calantica
Canalis
r'y^ Candela OJj
Liitl "ap-i^
(^1
Centenarium Pondus
^ ^jS^ Ji^j
ii^
jj^lj
cJliJI
.
J-^l
j»j>Jjl
/
U)l v_JU^
j^.i:p
Carbo
126
\iA ^1 (> ^-^1 oLJ^I
127
ji
Ijj'^U
.
_
jljb
-
jlj
-
(
jUi»Jl jji^il ^y
t
t
_ 2JL^ _
40/l)
^-
_
lJJ.;>-
— (j^^ — (^1)
—
(j-*^) OU-i.>
—
—
TcJj^
(«_/^y
((j^b JiJ*)
^jj
_
— yy' —
ly^j
(Jc^
_
^Ijjjj
—
— J.y^ —
Oljj
_
(^
^' ^
j'jJ^
(Jj-Wj
—
'^^ -
iSji-^
— jy^^ —
"^-V*^) Sj^^*^'^
.
_
—
^y
—
^^
—
j^:?
Ji^l) JjjS
_
d-w'
—
L^l
jlS'^)
dLt5'
_
—
2^_^^
*-^^-^*^'
j^ — f^ —
ij~i3J-^
iT'J^'^
_ ylA^ _ ^^ _
jiJa-»-w
J=*
(j:^
-
^^-'-?^'
_ ^L)^ _
(S^U-) jlbS
rcJ-,^
-
.
f
-
r-jJ^
Ji
J,
f
j=Ni?^
_
Ob^Jilj
OUJ^
^
^
— ^Jf - jj^ — o^y^ -
_
-
«jIj
^_ _ J^^ _
-
C^^jS"
qI
_
_
r-L;^
Tpjn'i
ljr>
a-/«^
>^
-
((ijj)
_
LjijJ i'
^'^
Ji-IS'
jj^lj
JJliH
J^l
/
^JUp
Sjjjl
128
Oi-^^
— Oj:^ _
UjjJ-=»-
(Kalamos)
jtii
—
v_JjS^™L'
_ J^yy — ,r~^ — ^1
jj
—
'^y^ - ~^^j-^^ ^J (Legeon) i^ _ s^L^ - ^ -
JJ**^
-
- ^'A^ - (^y - j^y -
y^
-
- ^\ji s^W*::^
^r^j^N^
- ((^1 J^ ojW^b ^Ji; ^.Ji A^^
f
L^l
r«^
_
4JI)
-
ojliJ
_
c
— j.^ —
_ Lw>^ _ ^j_JJ _ ^\j^y^ _ Jj^i _ (Cyma) ^">Vll
-
c
c
f
_
l)sSi
^ _
>^j^ - f'^j^ -
^ _ ;iy
:
(Legio,onis)
j~>w. _ ._jjSL-j^ _
H
_ ii^U
^,Ji
j (Kyma)
5^
J
;j
J^
"^^j^'
^^"MH
^>^
;^yJl i^l
129
S-^)
/.•J.J
— -^ —
Jp a^Jl
— S_^ — (Idhroghonon)
y„i^j
_
jw
— o
J
j^ —
ol<^lSCJl
jU-j_5-Ui'
^y^y^'^
—
_
V.JJ-'-N
A
c
(ijlll) (4jiiJ)
(J)) C-^'}^)
f
m
A,:jjJil
(iiiiJ)
\jj:;:-^~j^
—
—
iii^yi
d~'U~»J«
J
_ jLU _ j_^
_
—
iiLft
JU.
L^l â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i->-
131
j)
(SiL'l
bUJI
OjjJ:^\j
("^\
J)
\j\lS\
^ai
jWl j
^Jiilj
^y-l j
(ol^H)j
(Aj3Uadl)j
(j^l)j
ili
;^lll
('^j^i2j-l)j
(J}^l)j
(i^rkJI)j
(^^')j
(U>.H)J
i.iflj J
a*j
(JsL1J.I)j ('JUJI)
(^^l)j
(aIUI)
(-i'j-JlL'
(^kM')j
(^l)j
(5^^'l)j
(yjl)j (iJ^l)j
:
^ai
(^ijl)j
jr^Ji
AilkS -U;
lilaJl
aJj ('42j^\)j (AiliiJl)
(oll«^l)j
(AjLUil)j
(4;j^l)j
i^lil
J*
^^1 j ^^^ U
(A^Uai-l)
J* ^-^'
:
jai
>
i
(aJUi=LI)j (A]i.LJJl)j
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
^
,
J,
([j^l)j (IS')\)^ (ii\lU)
4^
132 >
J"
(a1U!)j
(yV)j) ^
i
(A]iUi!l)j
f
(jli>JI)j
:
(Jc-^Uil)
:
>
f
(^L^l)j
(^'j^l)
(4Jl;-l!l)j
(4il)j)
(Jil>^l)j
('^-^'>)J
a
i
(A^UulJlj
(»LJuiJI)
,
(^^\) Jill
Jjjj)
^y
A>j (4JLJI)j (^Uaill) l^ikH a^J5' (
iiliJI
(»^^l
Jalli AJUjj ^irai
r
L^l •'J>;.i->-
Uo_
Uti^.
jUjUI
133
\
jj^^iJU ^^UJl
UiiJI /
^L>^
iiJJI
134 oj-aj
^J
Jj ^'
^Jl-^il)
'^
fj '^J i*^
4^
i
?r....,'?3
1»
{.^
aj
U
JU
3
^
T«
V
JIp ^'U
'^j
e^'^cr
A^l .
^
jiy-
.
m
•'J>;.i-:^
H\j
A;^l
^
(.ui^
'^tj
i^
jir
lii
S/i
t^
jir
lil
S'l
oJjU
JLaj
y
135
jU/»il
J\^ j^
.
.
.
'm •'J>;.i-:^
ooLi
lil
\
oiT
lii
'ni
^Ij olyl 4rl-b jlT
Ijl
Nl
Nlj jUl aJ
L^ j^
^ _^
'nij iil; 4J
jjyUxJIj ^r-"UJl
Uiiil / AiUl
^Uj>
136 If
jUI
«r^ (Vj) A^ij
b fv~*'y
'k^
'%.^'-
IJj&i
^ yo
vil 'i
'pill
^lT^
.^1 >
t-
Aj'_UpI
f>
01~~''
C^-^i
Ajdi^
/'I
\
.
m
•'J>;.i-:^
/I'l
j^\, /lil
^lliJI
137
_JU cX^
.
.
(257 ^
ii
5^1
(119
^.^1
^(y^l
^jj^) ^Hr^y^J^^
W^ (jLwJ^^j)
jL.lHj
._IiJI
:
pi
iiy^
jj^r^U j_^WI
/
J-vai!l
^^')j)
(<_j_^lj v'-l)j
,111
^ij)
^^1
^Ij
fill
JlyiP^I
j
^Ij)
^j
(}^
jlyr-;
>^'^^\ iW\
138
I!l
^Ij
(^
^Uj^
^lu
Jji^ L^iJi ^ij^
{th
iiJJl
(,-^1
^1^)
^>
j'^ 5-^^>Jl
aJ
4.vUJl
v'
4_AUx,M
jj]
c
m
â&#x20AC;¢'J>;.i-:^
139
jUjUI {
140
-^j-^
>,^ -U^^
JwO
—
OUJ
ji
J,
i
>=>-*'
JU-I
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
—
^'
[1
i^
j
*UjU
141
Jju.)
•^
Jill
j—;j^W
'Ip
5JJ u
.
k_^i>Jl JjJjJl 0_U-^U
:;lj-Jl
jj>ji (*-^y)
'-^
L^l
"^J
sXj-UJI 4I.U
*u
•'J>;.i-:^
L_S^^'
,«_iilLi
U
IS
jj^pioclU ^jJ\s^\
C
m
/
ii.UI
>_JI.>>^
142
4^
t
f
l..^.jjl
C
tf
143
Sj^Jl
A^l
jJlij
wlSi
0' 4-^'
^1
JU;
iilj 5j:jUI
v^b
oll^jk^l
ol^
Jp
^
»-i)'
.1
I'U J\'
^^'1
f
Liitl
^
1^
^
^
(_
'uLLu
Jj<j
1
i^
jji
«
(
•
^ lU)
•
'
•
^
-^
m
'^'
k_JSJi JJ
jy>-
f
V
J
J
J
J
^
^ 4
J
,
145
jJUj
iii'l
J"
_
i-A
\^
lils
jli?
^1 ^LiLn
>'
'<
o
^ e
(aJjI
i
7^)
oill-j
S
,
^
4^^^ _
,
^
^ilL-
o
_ oilâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; a
ll
t
^
.0
jj^U
J^l
^:>U\
ji t.^'
*S^JJ -
^-o4-o-*J
-
^-^^-r^J
-
^
iiJJI
^U^
146
O'i W''
(Tr^fij -
/
°
.
- ^'j .
1
•
^^' ^J-^
147
ij^\\
jjlij
jj^lj ^^^Ul J^l
/
'^1 s-SW^
"
(j^./]l
f
L^l
jr>H o/i)
^^
148
*. 11
J-JI
-
^y^
149
U-H
j;l5i
>
"^
J^l
/
U.H
^'U^
151
;iiJI
!
ii
jilij
..r
JiiUl
153
A^lji?
Jp
Jjjj
4J.U1
i_~;;r^
j
fLij"^J
._-^
_
jiJi
J:>^-1.
Jp _ 4^j
^^I
l5>JJI
aL^JI
JiUJ^I
r oi
Uj'
°
r^ (_5^
J
' '
h
'
"
I
AUi
JO
^^^
I
C.
w^
iii'lp
(Jsij
iU^'
jj^
^1 IIU^
L^l
3J^
Oii
^w^xjM
•'J>;.i-:^
^
U.^
A^Jj
J
^
jlij ^Ua^o
4,1^1;^
^
4.J5')
jj^^lj
«^LJl
J^l
/
4jjji
^Up
^>tAJ >_J
jlw^
J
P«
^~j\
sU>tS
lji>-
il)'
,?l3
154 U'-'j^
«Uv-
*^-*J
._J^
y^
'J^'
L/*^
U.,N>J
Ji^
—
iSj
X-
<J<J J,
JUl
J
'/y
^\
So
J
il;'^'
e
t
f
m
;
c
t
^
t
t
JUUI
155
^j^U
ol:--j
yl^l j
f
L^l
pi^
'j^l,
^
M^\ ^.^
jJ\
^}i
ji
lil
(^'^'
J
J-JjJ
f.^
^
0^"1
^^>^.
lil
^'
5^'WI
:
aL'UJI
L^lj/«
SjLJl;
jl
^
j|
^Ul Jp
Lip
\1>-
/
oyJlkJl Jjl
_
#
A^jiJl >|
x
AjJill
_
^Up
j -
y^jSl\
oL-L-l #
1
-y*
uT^ ^jj
j-brlj
iiiljl
^L^^ ic^j — **^
^
^^
c
.
:
c
f
m
>
56
>
-
_
^UJI
^
157
1955
(;fr\).\j
j:>Uil
^>l
JfJ^
^v^
J"
•*1318
1923
Sy^Liil
1900
J-vJ
A1312
i^'^
j'^2^
^j-^
-U--I
j^JJ
C^
^^
J^^l
(pUp>
(1976-1973) 1889
"-^j^
1874
Oj^
A1316
^^
1870
Oj^
(J3_^
dil
4.**:
J^y-')
^j^l
f
L^l
Lil
yUl
Jill
^^^'
^U)
oUUJl
J>^l
j
oij'l>^l oJjj
(J-UJI ^/oJl pl^) (
jb:^!
(is^jU'
(Jx^)
^_^
rt-Juii)
J-^
xp ^yJl
jj^ 4jj>^
^--^Jail
>
^1
li^
JaJ^I
i^-J^) f-L^'l ^Jj>^
,-Jil^^
i
Ji">UJl
J^^J^l
Jj'jlait^ I—jits') Ai.Ul
,»-J*l^l
(["^i" (5^pJl
y^
v^.i^l
(^y^^^' o-^"^ uT'J^-y* ^'^') ^jj^*
(^^jUl
a1325
j
v"^ ^'I50l
^1
iUUJl
(olJ^^
1938
Jj^l
v^.ycJ!
^^' '^
^^
i^'>UJJ
^
^
°
'
clxilj cJiJ
i;_^H ^JOil
Siill
^U^
158
"
f
m
1988
^j^
^1302
r^
1867
AjU--S'l
1850
^r-^.j^
1878
oj^
1937
«y>UJl
i
^
l5^j-^'
^^
(i-U^ -Ujs^
JUJI JLjlxJI
^jU
j^I
/ JIJj'^Jj
JL-uJl c^j,p-^
U^l ^Lo-Jl
^>l' liUjS'tj
Jj^l
^jU
4;«iJl
(j
^ ^N
v^' J
^L^
'«,
i
AiJJI
JUS/I
JLrUl 'j^
J^'y JLjUJi
r^'^>
iM^J
(^^^^
U^j
a-j^JI
aaLi
y^ ^yu;
VA.1
>A
i¥i:ll /^
"jy^'ii;^
159
^j^
^\if^\
\^ U «X^
'
vV ««*--
2ijj3
5 ioyJl
7
oi^l
iiiil
i^o^S'l
15
23
jUil
27
jUxJi"yi_, ilyJI
_
31
^ly
37
^L^Nl jU~:=
47 (ioy^il
61
^1
Igt^a!
j) oUKil
j
JaU^
oUlTj
1934 2^
,__r-lj'
j
SytiJl
77
A^yc'l ^ilil
Lj^j^_) W^iy^'j
^:^y^^' **L"
91
J^
oUlT iiUkil
V''>WI_.
J-fliJ
^\)\
J-AflJ
^ Wl J^ ^jUi
J-AJJJ
j^Ul
J-AflJ
:
:
j
j-liJI J-fliJ
:
^yi
:
^^
:
:
«^
ilyJI iiLl
ol>^ Lji::^l_) oL_. Lik^l
83
U
ji^
ji^
:
ji^
:
jlill J-fliJ'
cJli!' J-aiJ'
*^J\
iUAl
^i
l^\
Ill
J-AJJJ
j^ ^Wl ^Lis ^^ ^^^jUI iUj y^ ij^Ul ^\^\ y^ cy^\
J^ J^ J^
«^UI
J^
j-ip
:
iiJJl
:
:
iiUL;
J^ J^
i^jU-l J^aiJ'
:
97 109
jljjl
oUil^l
67
cJlill
jkil :j<iWl
j
JUxJil
J-A-sJ
:
i^U:iJI
j
iilil
53
:
:
i_^j^
jlill
:
j oOkll
iilil
43
87
^_,^
jUi^il jljjl
^y«3l '-ij^'-i
JjSlI J-fliJ
:
JiJl jkdl
j
_
;iljl
^^ iJNi
J>_,>1
Jp
'CJ^\ Lf^^Uj
35
73
jli^
jl;>-'>lk^'Vl ^_-iyJ
J^
iiJJI 4ii_J iiJJI
:
jis-
Jj;
:
lJj__fij<JI
J-AflJ'
J-^
113
^W-'l
121
123 131
i^ycll iiLl
Jp
(Jp
iU-jJl oU.l<lil (iiil
j)
133 143
Aiii j-'lii
153
JiiJJI ^LiJ'Vl
:
:
vrrr^
d_iy^\j jyi
OjjjijJIj
:
liUJl
4-;L»jUl
:
:
Ojj-xj<Jlj
Ojj-is«Jlj
J-fliJ
^l_;]l
J^
^Wl J^
^jUI Ojj-ij«Jlj ^Ul
Ojj-ioJtj
:
L^l •'J>;.i-:^
J^ J^ 5^'W
156 157
J-fliJ
cJljJl
i-l>tj
oUoi'
-^\
^\^
160
.
1977
.
j^\ ^L
1949
AJLv-
L^L'jIj
jJ\y _
jJlax;
4^U^1 _
5i^'>Ulj
s.
.
1980 lSj^* ^L^^* 1985
.
1987 (i5>^) ^^lil
^r^
^W=^'
(-W_ji2i-v^)
-^-iil
^U^'
oULJil
^./ »j.Ip
-
T^lk^l _
j ^^^1 c
1988
f
L^l
(isjii^v^) A^yJl
sjJJl
Jp
A.L>-jJl
JiUJ^'l
A=ry _