West Settlers Historic District ReSurvey by Charlene Farrington

WEST SETTLERS HISTORIC DISTRICT

HISTORIC SURVEY REPORT

INTRODUCTION

The City of Delray Beach has retained the firm of R.J. Heisenbottle Architects, P.A. (RJHA) to resurvey four areas within the city previously listed on the Local Register of Historic Places as Historic Districts. The four areas to be studied are Del-Ida Park, Nassau Park, Old School Square, and West Settlers Historic District. RJHA's task will be to prepare individual Survey Reports for each of the four historic districts. These survey reports will include the following information:

• Historical overview of the district.

• Review existing criteria for determining contributing and non-contributing structures.

• Recommendations on extending Periods of Significance, where appropriate, within the district.

• Update Florida Master Site File forms for previously recorded structures

• Prepare new Florida Master Site File forms for previously unrecorded structures.

• Prepare maps and photographs for all sites within the district.

These surveys are reviewing all structures located within the locally designated historic districts that are thirty-five (35) years or older. Information on structures currently listed is being updated, noting any alterations, relocations and demolitions since the time that the Designation Report was originally prepared. Structures not previously listed, that meet the 35 year or older criteria and that are deemed "contributing" to the historic district, are being added to the Florida Master Site File and are being recommended for inclusion in the Local Register of Historic Places' Historic District Designation Report.

To date, RIHA has completed work on the Nassau Park Historic District and on the Old School Square Historic Arts District. The West Settlers Historic District Survey Report will provide information on those items outlined above, based on field work, research conducted on City records, including building cards and permits, Sanborn map records available at the Delray Beach Planning and Zoning Department, existing historical publications and on historical research conducted at the Delray Beach Historical Society

The West Settlers Historic District was listed on the Local Register of Historic Places in 1997. As the Designation Report states, " the district should be assessed for its historical significance which perhaps weighs more heavily than its architectural importance" It would be fair to say that although, as the Designation Report goes on to say, " many of the structures rank low in the history of architectural achievement", the

buildings do comprise a good representative cross section of the architectural types found within the area in general and present a good timeline of the historical development of this early African American settlement in Delray Beach Many of the significant historic structures have perished in recent years, victims of development and of demolition-byneglect, some even after the historic district designation was put in place These losses to the visual and historical fabric of the neighborhood further reinforce the significance of the remaining ones, even when their numbers continue to diminish.

BOUNDARIES (See Attachment A: Historic District Map)

The West Settlers Historic District boundaries, as designated in 1997, are as follows:

• Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard (N.W. 2nd Street) to the north, then,

• The alley running north-south in Block 43, between N.W. 2nd and 3rd Avenues, then,

• N W 1st Street, running west from said alley in Block 43, to N W 3rd Avenue, then,

• N.W. 3rd Avenue, running south to east-west alley between N.W. 1st Street and Atlantic Avenue, then,

• The east-west alley between N.W. 1st Street and Atlantic Avenue as the southern boundary, then,

• N.W 5th Avenue running north to the south property line of Lot 13, Block 20, then,

• The south property line of Lot 13, Block 20 to the alley running north-south between N W 5th and 6th Avenues, then,

• The alley running north-south between N W. 5th and 6th Avenues northerly to Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard (N.W. 2nd Street).

NEW BOUNDARY RECOMMENDATIONS (See Attachment A)

The historic district's southern boundary has undergone significant erosion of its historic fabric to merit justifiable inclusion within the current boundary delineation. The southeastern-most block was already vacant at the time of designation Although sometimes vacant property may be included within district boundaries as a mechanism to allow for review of future infill construction, in this case that block has already been developed and is currently occupied by the Atlantic Grove Townhouses. Similarly, the southwest comer of the district, on the west side of N.W. 5th Avenue between Atlantic Avenue and N.W. 1st Street, immediately north of the Fire Station, contains only vacant land and non-contributing structures. Removing this corner from the district boundaries increases the overall density of contributing structures within the redefined boundaries In this particular case, though, the City may want to retain this corner within the district in order to have review authority over new infill construction.

The original northern physical boundary was defined during segregation days in the 1950s by the construction of a wall that separated the black and white residential areas just to the north of present-day Lake-Ida Road (N.W. 4th Street). This wall is still in evidence at the northern edge of Boy Scouts Park, on the north side of Lake-Ida Road. As part of preparing this report, RJHA studied the possibility of expanding the northern boundary of the West Settlers Historic District to this historic edge. Although there are several contributing structures located within this potential expansion area, their number and density is not sufficient to justify the district's expansion. In fact, the ratio of contributing to non-contributing structures would be low enough that it would hurt the overall integrity of the district as presently designated.

The presence of the wall, unsavory as it may be, is a strong reminder of a historical period in the development of the West Settlers Historic District and should be memorialized either through historic designation or through placement of a historical marker.

Segregation Days Dividing Wall

CONTEXT

The West Settlers Historic District is located just to the northwest of downtown Delray Beach, a small enclave that speaks of the days of segregation when Americans of African descent were restricted to live and do business within the confines of their own community. Originally it was the site of an early African American settlement that rivaled the early days of the town of Linton in the resourcefulness of its residents in getting an agricultural industry, along with a public school, religious and social institutions established. It included a series of neighborhoods named after physical characteristics of their respective areas, such as The Sands and Frog Alley (See Historical Significance below). During the segregation days of the 1950s, its boundaries were more

clearly defined, as its residents were not allowed to live or shop east of Swinton Avenue or north of N.W. 4th Street.

After segregation, many of the early housing stock and businesses fell into decline, as the residents were able to move about anywhere within the city limits. The neighborhood, however, never lost its identity or its cohesiveness, as new apartment buildings went up, and the old commercial establishments such as grocery stores, barber shops and other "ma-n-pa" operations continued to provide basic services and livelihood to the residents.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

It was 1894 when a confluence of factors resulted in the establishment of both the black and white settlements that eventually would become Delray Beach. That year, William S. Linton, U S Congressman from Saginaw, Michigan, purchased 160 acres of land in the area we know today as Delray Beach from the original homesteader, Captain George Gleason. Mr. Linton, encouraged by the development opportunities that Henry M Flagler' s extension of the Florida East Coast Railway and his Model Land Company brought to the South Florida area, started a settlement, along with a group he recruited in Michigan, recorded the town plat and named the town after himself. But soon after, when a hard freeze devastated the local crops, Mr. Linton fell on hard times and defaulted on his land payments. Some of the early settlers left, while W.W. Blackmer rallied those who remained and renamed the town Delray, after a section in his hometown of Detroit, Michigan.

During the same year of 1894, a small group of African American families from the Florida Panhandle, led by Fagen Henry and his wife Jane, purchased land from Henry Flagler's Model Land Company and settled in the area just to the west of the Linton settlement. That geographic location marks the origins of the name West Settlers Historic District. Soon these families began farming the land and by 1895 they had harvested their first winter crop. The settlement grew, as more Americans of African descent were attracted by the opportunity to buy land that could be cultivated for cash crops and by employment that the railroad and the nearby white settlement known as the Town of Linton provided Different neighborhoods arose-the Sands in the Central area, Frog Alley, Red Line and Hanna Town among them

Along with the expansion of the settlement came a growth in educational, religious and social institutions In 1895 the settlers petitioned the County School Board to establish a school for their children. The site of the original schoolhouse has been memorialized by a small park, located at N.W. 5th Avenue between Atlantic Avenue and N W. 1st Street, and is listed in the Local Register of Historic Places

In 1896 the Mount Olive Baptist Church congregation purchased land from the Model Land Company's land set-aside program for cultural and religious organizations for $1.25 and began construction of their first church. Although the original church no longer

stands, the congregation built a new facility in 1957, which has been renovated and expanded over the years. The present-day church retains its original location at 40 N.W. 4th Avenue

New Church, Circa 1929

Mount Olive Baptist Church New Church, Circa 1957 Renovated Church, 1993

Similarly, the St Paul African American Methodist Episcopal Church, originally established as Mt. Tabor in 1897, was organized in 1899. The first church was constructed in its present site at 119 N.W. 5th Avenue in 1911 and seriously damaged by the 1928 hurricane. The original structure still stands at that location, after several renovations and additions over the years.

St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal Church

Another important institution during the early days of the settlement was the Free and Accepted Masonic Lodge 275, established in 1899. Their original building, constructed in 1904 at 85 N.W. 5th Avenue, no longer stands. The present structure, still at the original site, was built in 1978

Along with these early institutions, a number of prominent individuals from the community contributed to the development of the West Settlers Historic District and of Delray Beach in general:

William Robinson moved from South Carolina to Delray Beach in 1901. Starting as a sharecropper, he soon purchased and began cultivation on his own land at the northeast comer of N.W. 1st Street and 4th Avenue. By 1904 he had built his own house on the property, currently at 3I 7 N.W. 1st Street and had acquired additional farm land west of town. His knowledge of farming and house building both continued to grow. He was asked to build houses for neighbors, while he expanded and improved his own home. His house, in fact, was the first one in the community to have electricity and running water, and later a telephone. In the 1920s he enlarged a room in the northwest comer of the house and converted it into a grocery store, which he and his wife Essie ran. The Robinson house was an important center for social life in the community, and because of its sturdy construction, served as a Red Cross shelter during hurricanes. In 1916 he built a packing house to serve his farming business adjacent to his house. Located at 315 N.W. 1st Street, the structure still stands, currently used as a residence.

Isaiah Bruin came to Delray Beach from Quincy, Florida in 1909. Soon after, he married Martha Goldwire, also from Quincy, and had a daughter named Letha. He distinguished himself as a carpenter and builder. Founder and Deacon of the Primitive Baptist Church, he was responsible for all the woodwork of the church, constructed in 1920 and no longer standing.

Many of the early structures in the community are attributed to Isaiah Bruin, among them the Nelson House, at 125 N.W. 3rd Avenue, and the Susan Williams House, originally at 30 N.W. 3rd Avenue, relocated to 154 N.W 5th Avenue.

William Robinson's House

Solomon David Spady was one of the most influential educators in Delray Beach for over 35 years. Mr. Spady came to Delray Beach in 1922 as the third African American public school principal and teacher assigned to the area. Originally from Northampton County, Virginia, he came to Delray Beach as principal of Delray County Training School, originally known as Delray Colored School Number 4, the first school founded in 1895 in the community. His assignment to Delray Beach came upon recommendation from Booker T. Washington, founder and president of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.

According to a biographical sketch provided by the Spady Cultural Heritage Museum, "His plans trained students so that upon their graduation they were able to excel in outstanding institutions of higher learning He organized extra-curricular activities to include a drama club, two literary societies, a glee club, sports teams, a parent teacher association, and at least three entertainments that brought the community together through the school".

Mr. Spady passed away in 1967 at age 82. He was awarded the "Great Floridians Unsung Hero Award" posthumously in the year 2000.

Nelson House (Built by Isaiah Bruin) 125 N.W. 3rd Avenue Susan Williams House (Built by Bruin) 154 N.W. 5th Avenue Solomon Spady House.

Charles William Patrick, Jr. and his wife Francenia were among the most prominent, best loved figures in the Delray Beach African American community. Together they owned and operated the La France Hotel, the only hotel in Delray Beach catering to blacks, during the segregation years when African Americans were not allowed in any of the local hotels. Charlie, as he was popularly known, was born in Social Circle, Georgia, sometime between 1908 and 1910, according to varying family recollections, to a family of farm hands, descendants of slaves In the early 1920s Charlie moved to the Boynton Beach area in Florida. In 1925, at the height of the Florida real estate boom, the rest of his family joined him, and they settled in Boynton Beach, a predominantly rural area at the time, pretty much similar to the one they had left behind in Georgia Charlie was kind and loving, according to family accounts, and helped the family members, including his parents and nine siblings, to find jobs in the area. By 1926, when Charlie was just 17 years old, he married his first wife, Eva Collins, and soon after set up his own dry cleaning business in Boynton Beach. A year later his mother died, and it was up to him and his father to care for the rest of the children, all under age 14.

By the 1930s, during the height of the Great Depression, Charlie had divorced his first wife, fallen in love and remarried to Francenia (Frankie) Johnson, an elementary school teacher and recent college graduate from Bethune-Cookman in Daytona Beach. Charlie in the meantime, continued to struggle, running a beer hall at night, and driving a school bus during the day. In 1943 he enlisted in the army and served during World War II. Upon his return, he decided to build a hotel to cater to African American waiters, chauffeurs and others in the service industry who came to Delray Beach and were not allowed to stay in segregated hotels Charlie and Frankie bought three lots in Delray Beach for $1,700 and began work on their new venture.

La France Hotel The 16-room La France Hotel, designed by locally prominent architect Kenneth Jacobson and built by contractor Jay Callaway, was completed in 1949. Its name was derived from Frankie's cousin Lola ("La") Johnson and Francenia ("France"), not having

anything to do with the country of France, as most people believe The hotel became a big success, as one of the few establishments in South Florida that welcomed an AfricanAmerican clientele. During the 1950s and 1960s when traveling musicians and entertainers performed in South Florida, they were not allowed to stay at segregated hotels, but rather had to be either put up by local families, sleep on the beach and face possible arrest or get back on the bus to their next destination.

The La France Hotel provided a major service to guests that included well known entertainers, professionals and many in the service industry. More than a place to stay, it was a social center where entertainers gathered after they finished performing for the evening and would stay up until late eating, drinking, playing cards and catching up with old friends and new acquaintances. It also served as a social center, hosting a variety of events through the years.

The contribution of Charlie and Frankie Patrick to the African American community during the difficult days of segregation is of major historical significance. As the hotel prospered, so did the Patrick family. Charlie Patrick owned a gas station, commercial and office buildings and two pool halls in the neighborhood.

During the post-segregation days of the 1970s, the hotel started a downward spiral. African Americans could now stay and shop where they chose and the clientele dwindled. The hotel became a rooming house and fell into disrepair. In 2005 the La France Hotel was restored and expanded. The new complex, now owned by the Community Redevelopment Agency, has been returned to its former glory and now operates as apartments for senior citizens.

Today the area is a mixed bag of residential, commercial, religious and social activity, some of its buildings in disrepair, others recently restored or on their way back, thanks to the involvement of programs such as Community Revitalization Agency (CRA) and to the commitment and dedication of organizations such as the Expanding & Preserving Our Cultural Heritage, Inc. (EPOCH). Although many of the early structures have been lost, the sense of neighborhood and the physical roots of the community remain quite strong. The revitalization efforts of government and non-profit organizations, such as those named above, point to a brighter future towards the preservation of the West Settlers Historic District.

ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

The West Settlers Historic District is mostly distinguished for its historical significance, not for its architectural significance. The structures which have survived the passage of time, ravages of storms and lack of maintenance for the most part reflect the simple, modest means of its builders and residents. There is, however, a good cross section of

architectural styles, materials and construction methods representative of more than a century since the community was established

The earliest and most prevalent building type found are the Frame Vernacular houses, with pier foundations, wood siding and low to medium pitch gable roofs generally covered in composition shingles The use of front porches is one of the most common threads among these early houses. Some of the early vernacular structures were later built in or modified to include Bungalow details, especially incorporating the two-part battered porch supports characteristic of this building type

The Mission style, popular in the 1920s, is best represented in the West Settlers Historic District by the Spady House, located at 170 N W 5th Avenue, recently restored under the ownership and auspices of the Community Redevelopment Agency, and home to the Spady Cultural Heritage Museum The two-story structure (photo shown under the Historical Significance Section) is a fine example of the Mission style, with its textured stucco finish, simple lines, flat roof and molded parapets.

120 N.W. 4'h Avenue (Frame Vernacular) 133 N.W. 4th Avenue (Frame Vernacular) Susan Williamson/Agnes Munnings House (Frame Vernacular with Bungalow porch)

Even a simple, late version of Art Deco/Streamline Moderne can be found in the district in the 1946 Green Inn Building, located at 53 N.W. 5th Avenue. This structure has the massing and clean lines of the Moderne style, the stepped central parapet inspired by the earlier Art Deco style and glass block-covered openings (the latter probably not original).

There are several examples of the Ranch Style, popular in the 1950s.The home that Charlie and Frankie Patrick built in 1960, adjacent to the La France Hotel, is a fine example of this post World War II style that took America by storm. The structure has the typical low-slung horizontal lines, low pitched gable roof and the garage which in this case opens to the side and is decorated with perforated concrete blocks. Considered a luxury home for the neighborhood, it boasted a large swimming pool with a platform diving board which became a focal point of gathering and entertainment for the local youth.

Green Inn Building (Art Deco/Streamline Moderne Influence) The Patrick Family House (Ranch Style)

Another example typifying relatively more affluent times in the West Settlers Historic District is the Ola Vickers House, located at 220 N.W. 2nd Street. This Frame Vernacular structure, built in 1948 with a marked Cape Cod influence, has a steeply pitched gable roof, central chimney and symmetrical dormers. Its scale and classical elegance are aesthetically a few steps up from the humble beginnings of other residential structures in the neighborhood.

PERIOD OF SIGNIFICANCE

One of the objectives of the Delray Beach "Resurvey of Four Local Register Historic Districts" project is to assess the feasibility of expanding the current Period of Significance. Structures thirty-five (35) years or older will be recorded in the Florida Master Site File, so that the information contained in the State's database will be not only current but actually ahead of the 50 thresholds for historic consideration. This does not mean that structures that are 35 to 50 years old will automatically be deemed contributing, but rather they will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis for possible eligibility.

The West Settlers Historic District Designation Report, approved in 1997, places the Period of Significance by which structures are to be evaluated at 1947 The cut-off date is based in the generally accepted 50 year old threshold for considering eligibility of structures for listing as "contributing" within a designated historic district. In terms of historical and architectural development, it is difficult to justify this date under any other criteria than the 50-year threshold.

The 1950s through the 1970s were a significant period in history in the community. The post World War II era saw a marked population increase in Delray Beach, and a resulting

Ola Vickers House (Cape Cod Vernacular)

expansion in business and tourism. While the 1950s period of segregation isolated this neighborhood from the rest of the city, it solidified the community and made it stronger from within. The brief history of the La France Hotel, as previously recounted, is proof of the importance of these years in the development of the West Settlers Historic District. The hotel became the center of social life for the local community and attracted visiting professionals and entertainers who found a welcome "home away from home". The concentration of business, social, religious and educational activities that was forced to remain within the neighborhood limits had a positive effect in the economics of the area.

This is evidenced in much of the housing stock from this period, when more substantial structures, such as the previously mentioned Patrick and Vickers family residences were built.

With the end of the segregation era in the 1970s residents from the West Settlers area began moving out and shopping elsewhere. Commercial activity declined and the neighborhood lost some of its earlier liveliness, although it continued as a strong center of life of the local African American community. Palm Beach County schools were integrated in 1969, marking the end of the segregation era, and providing our study with a tangible milestone to redefine the Period of Significance for the West Settlers Historic District.

Based on the above cited historical milestones, it is our recommendation to extend the Period of Significance to 1970.

RE-EVALUATION OF CONTRIBUTING STRUCTURES

This report has updated and re-evaluated the "District Inventory" provided as part of the 1997 Designation Report. Following is a summary of our re-evaluation:

Five structures previously evaluated as "non-contributing" have been re-evaluated as "contributing" This re-evaluation is based on extending the "Period of Significance" from 1947 to 1970, as previously indicated New Florida Master Site File forms have been prepared for these structures.

One of the contributing structures, the Munnings/Williamson Cottage, was relocated from 30 N.W. 3rd Avenue to 154 N.W. 5th Avenue where it will be restored and become part of the Spady Cultural Center.

2008 Survey 1997 Inventory • Contributing structures 22 23 • Non-contributing structures 25 30 • Demolished structures 6 0 • Total structures surveyed 53 53

Mount Olive Baptist Church, located at 40 N.W 4th Street, and St. Paul A.M E. Church, at 119 N.W. 5th Avenue, have been re-evaluated as "contributing" under the recommended extended "Period of Significance". This re-evaluation was based on their historical significance and ongoing contribution to the community's religious, educational and social life since the early days of pioneer settlement.

The park located on N W 5th Avenue just south of the Mount Olive Church property has been evaluated as "contributing", due to its historical significance as the site of the first school, organized in 1895.

Masonic Lodge #275, located at 85 N.W. 5th Avenue, has been evaluated as "noncontributing" due to its 1978 date of construction, even though the organization is historically significant and has occupied the site since 1899.

NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBILITY

The La France Hotel, at 140 N.W. 4th Avenue, is potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A for its historical significance and great contribution to the community during the days of segregation. It would also be eligible under Criteria B for its association with the Patrick family. Although the building was recently enlarged by a substantial addition, the original portion of the structure was sympathetically rehabilitated and should be eligible in spite of the addition

The Spady House, at 170 N.W. 5th Avenue is also potentially eligible for National Register listing. Eligibility is based both on its historical significance under Criteria A and B, and on architectural significance under Criteria C as a unique example of the Mission Style, substantial size and prominence among the more modest structures during that period in the district.

It is recommended that both structures be nominated to the National Register of Historic Places.

The William Robinson House, at 317 N.W. 1st Street may be potentially eligible for National Register listing for its historical and architectural significance under Criteria A, B and C, but the substantial alterations it has undergone over the years may hinder its eligibility.

National Register Historic District nomination for the West Settlers Historic District is not recommended at this time due to the number of "non-contributing" structures within the local district boundaries.

FLORIDA MASTER SITE FILES

Florida Master Site File forms have been updated for all "contributing" structures. New FMSF forms have been prepared for structures previously evaluated as "noncontributing"

The following structures will be submitted for addition to the FMSF and new numbers will be requested for them:

• Robinson's Packing House. 315 N.W. 1 Street

• 214 N.W. 2 Street

• Mount Olive Baptist Church. 40 N.W. 4th Avenue

• 107 N.W. 4th Avenue

• 124 N W 4th Avenue

• 131 N.W. 4th Avenue

• St. Paul A.M.E. Church 119 N.W. 5th Avenue

• Patrick Family House 400 S W. 2nd Street.

SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS

It is recommended that the West Settlers Historic District local designation be amended to reflect the following:

• Amend the Boundaries as proposed in the Boundaries Section, and shown on the "Historic District Map" in Appendix A. The City, however, may want to take into consideration retaining the present southwestern corner boundary in order to keep review authority over future infill construction in that particular area.

• Extend the Period of Significance to 1970 to coincide with the end of the segregation era in Delray Beach.

• Amend the Inventory reflect the new updates on "Contributing", "Noncontributing" and "Demolished" structures as shown on the "List of Surveyed Resources" in Appendix B.

• Prepare National Register Nomination Proposals for the La France Hotel and the Spady House.

• Consider local historic designation or historic marker for the wall north of N.W. 4th Street that once defined the northern edge of where African-American families were allowed to live.

The West Settlers Historic District is not particularly remarkable for containing structures of major architectural significance and its ratio of "contributing" to "non-contributing" structures is not very strong. The district's historical significance, though, is indisputable.

The pride and identity of its present residents and those descendants of the pioneer settlers is quite evident.

This is a neighborhood that speaks eloquently of its past, its struggles and its triumphs. Its story needs to be told for future generations to never lose track of where it all started for them. This story needs to be told in written accounts, but most importantly through the preservation of the remaining physical fabric of the West Settler Historic District.

SOURCES

• Florida Master Site Files. Delray Beach.

• Historic Sites Files. City of Delray Beach Planning and Zoning Department.

• Delray Beach Historic Sites Survey. By John P. Johnson Historic Palm Beach County Preservation Board. July 1987.

• West Settlers Historic District. Designation Report. Historic Preservation Board. Delray Beach, Florida. September 1996. By Vera Farrington and Patricia Cayce.

• The La France Hotel and the Charles Patrick Family By Richard F Robinson, CG, with Dorothy W. Patterson. Researched by Dorothy W. Patterson, Richard F Robinson, CG and Vera Farrington. Edited by Nancy Stein. 2006.

• "A Sharper Focus on the Historical Accounts of Delray Beach By Vera Farrington. Expanding & Preserving Our Cultural Heritage, Inc. (EPOCH)

• "Solomon David Spady" Biographical Sketch. Expanding & Preserving Our Cultural Heritage, Inc. (EPOCH).

• Interview with Charlene Farrington. Spady Cultural Heritage Museum EPOCH.

• Photographic Files. Spady Cultural Heritage Museum. EPOCH.

• Interview with Dorothy W. Patterson. Archivist. Delray Beach Historical Society

• Photographic Files. Cornell Museum. Delray Beach Historical Society

• Delray Beach Property Appraisers Records.

• Sanborn Insurance Maps. 1922, 1926, 1949, 1963.