CoLab publication part 02

UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

VOLUME 02

Sampling, Situating, Representing, and Projecting

“Aerial Photography: Sacramento to San Francisco Bay.� Shutter Warrior. January 09, 2015. Accessed November 29, 2017. https://shutterwarrior.com/2015/01/02/ aerial-photography-sacramento-to-sanfrancisco-bay/.

Description There is a severe lack of housing in the California’s major coastal communities. In these areas, community resistance to housing, environmental policies, lack of fiscal incentives, and limited land, hinder development.

The high demand drives up cost and pushes the mid to low income population out of the city. The city of San Francisco has propelled the problem further; in 2015, it was recorded that the city had built over double the housing needed for their high income population, leaving the mid to low income population with a severe lack of housing. The existing piers on the shoreline are an extremely underused asset, but according to NOAA projections of 2100, a large portion of the San Francisco Bay Area will be underwater as sea levels are projected to rise three feet.

Questions Due to San Francisco’s peninsular condition and lack of viable land, how might we analyze existing typology and propose methods to build on water?

In response to the housing crisis in San Francisco, how might we design atypical housing for low to medium income users?

Because of the disparity in low and medium income housing, how might we utilize mass customization in a multifamily program to provide authorship for each user type?

In response to a fast-paced, non-permanent cultural mentality, how might we design a dwelling for its entire life cycle, considering materiality, disassembly, and recyclability?

Methods Research into prefabricated methods of construction and erection through use of adaptive component modeling and small scale prototyping as an approach that minimizes impact on the existing ecological site in the bay area.

Employing computer design through parametric and building performance modeling to optimize decisions and results, presenting the opportunity of mass production, customization and efficiency in design.

Establishing the program, form, location and materiality of the design through iterative studies relating to historical, cultural, and social understandings of the site.

Significance The potential impact of this investigation could foster a dialogue around possible solutions for the housing crisis of San Francisco and cultivate speculation on what a dwelling means in a contemporary society. The design will focus on systems of mass customization for varying user types and prefabricated design with the intention of building system and material recyclability.

This investigation has the potential to challenge current housing types and construction life cycles in the United States.

San Francisco City San Francisco Bay Area

Population : 870,887 Population per square mile : 17,179.1

Figure 1

San Francisco City San Francisco History

Figure 2

Bay Area Vulnerability Flooding risk and social vulnerability

Rising water level at the slowest predicted rate around San Francisco Bay Area beginning at 1’ and progressing to 5’.

Figure 3

Population based upon social vulnerability at 3’ rise of ocean level, which has a 98% chance of occuring from present day to 2050.

Population based upon social vulnerability at 3’ rise of ocean level, which has a 98% chance of occurring from present day to 2050.

Currently, living on water is a niche market and is not considered equivalent to a house built on land by the majority of the population in the United States. But with an ever growing population that tends to migrate towards water and the gradual rise in sea level, urban areas must consider expanding new development on the water.

Not only have water dwellings proven efficient in times of extreme flooding, but the cost of building and living in a water dwelling can be significantly less than a house built on land.

Vulnerability Mapping Major Issues

Layering the outstanding issues in San Francisco, such as homelessness density, social vulnerability, susceptibility to flooding, and location of low income population reveals where there is more need in San Francisco City..

Figure 4

Vulnerability Mapping Major Issues

Fearful of losing their iconic views, San Franciscans started passing referendums that established “sunset zoning,” making it illegal for tall buildings to put any city park or public square in shadow for more than an hour after sunrise or an hour before

sunset. Other referendums made it easier for communities to prevent the development of tall buildings near residential neighborhoods, effectively cutting off major expansion outside of the downtown area. Other restrictions include cost of residential

construction and zoning of 40’ height restriction.

The rising cost of rent doesn’t just affect residents, it also affects the nonprofits.

40’ Height Restriction

Sunset Law

Steep Terrain Figure 5

CONTRA COSTA

MARIN

Transportation Commuting Patterns

There is a large portion of the working population within San Francisco that lives outside of the city and county.

As of the 2010 census a little over 9% commuted in San Francisco for work. The neighboring counties of Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Marin, Contra Cost, Alameda, Santa Clara, and San Mateo are all a part of the workforce of San Francisco. This is possible due to the extensive Rail and BAY Area Rapid Transit system (BART). BART connects Alameda county through the underwater tube that runs under the San Francisco bay to the east. BART does not run north due to the deep sea bed it would have to traverse.

ALAMEDA

9%

TRANSPORATION MODE C

50,000 25,000 10,000 1,000 500

Figure 6

OF BAY AREA COUNTIES’ EMPLOYED RESIDENTS COMMUTE INTO SAN FRANCISCO

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SAN FRANCISCO BAY VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES AREA

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The Bay Bay Activity

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EASTBOUND SAN FRANCISCO BAY TRAFFIC LANE

GOLDEN GATE

RECREATION AREA

FISHERMAN’S WHARF

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The piers in San Francisco run along the Embarcadero, the street that follows the curve of the northeastern edge of the city. The numbering starts at the Ferry Building at the end of Market Street; to the left are the odd-numbered piers, and to the right, the even-numbered piers. The waterfront tourism activity mostly happens between the Ferry Building and Fisherman’s Wharf to the north and west. Hence, the piers associated with various San Francisco activities and attractions are usually the oddnumbered ones, like the well-known Pier 39. The Port is responsible for managing the larger waterfront area that extends from the anchorage of the Golden Gate Bridge, along the Marina district, all the way around the north and east shores of the city of San Francisco. This includes Fisherman’s Wharf and the Embarcadero, and southward to the city line just beyond Candlestick Point.

SCO

ANCI

SAN FR

SAN FRANCISCO BAY VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES AREA

FORBIDDEN ANCHORAGE

FORBIDDEN ANCHORAGE

Figure 7

Noise Decible

Golden Gate Bridge

50 - 55

55 - 60

Oakland Bay Bridge 60 - 65

65 - 70

> 70

Muni Pier. Cultural.

Hyde Street Pier. Cultural.

Pier 45. Historical commercial.

Pier 43. Ferry boat dock.

Pier 41. Ferry boat dock.

Pier 39. Cultural commercial.

Pier 35. Cruise Terminal Backup.

Pier 33. Departure for Alcatraz.

Pier 31. Commercial.

Pier 27, 29. Cruise Terminal.

Pier 23. Cultural.

Waterfront Activity Pier Usage & Space

Pier 15, 17, 19. Exploratorium.

Pier 9. Commercial.

Pier 7. Walking pier and public fishing.

Pier 3. Parking. Commercial.

Pier 1. Public Boat Dock. Public Taxi.

Pier 14. Ferry Building.

Pier 14. Recreational walkway.

Pier 24. Art Gallery.

Pier 26. Historic Pier.

Pier 28. Cultural, parking.

Pier 30, 32. Inactive.

Parking.

Pier 40.

South Beach Harbor

Pier 48. Parking.

Entertainment Space.

Pier 50. Inactive. Parking Pier 52. Public Boat Launch.

Pier 54. Cultural Center.

Pier 64. Inactive. Previous Shipyard.

Recreational Area.

Pier 70. Inactive.

Previous Shipyard.

City Park.Heavy Homelessness Activity, Warm Water Cove.

Pier 80. Inactive. 60 acres paved land.

Previous Homeless Shelter site.

Pier 90, 92. Inactive.

Pier 94. Inactive. Wetland Refuge.

Pier 96. Inactive. 15 acres paved land.

Previous container handling site. Wetland.

Refuge Wedland.

Heron’s Head Park

The numbering system of the piers in San Francisco Bay are split by even and odd numbers. The odd numbers are situated on the north end and the even on the east side. The piers vary depending on use and time of construction. The overall pattern is that the even numbered piers are industrial working piers. Today the odd number piers, due to their location are associated with San Francisco activities and attractions.

The even numbered bays do not have as many attractions due to their more industrial nature, though there are a few highlights. Pier 14 juts far out into the bay, with great views of the Bay Bridge and the city. Pier 3032 are now parking lots. Pier 48 has a large indoor space that is used for various entertainment events. Pier 80 is a huge 60 acres of concrete.

This pier is San Francisco’s main cargo terminal.

Inactive. Previous Shipyard.

Decontamination Zone.

Inactive Piers based on available area.

Candlestick Park.

Recreational Zone.

Figure 8

YERBA BUENA

VAN NESS/ CIVIC CENTER

WESTERN ADDITION

SOUTH BEACH

ALAMO SQUARE

SOUTH OF MARKET HAYES VALLEY MISSION BAY

DUBOCE TRIANGLE

Waterfront

CENTRAL BASIN

Southeastern Waterfront

MISSION DOLORES

EUREKA VALLEY

INNER MISSION

POTERO HILL

CENTRAL WATERFRONT DOGPATCH

NOE VALLEY

Due to the density of prime factors in this region, we are zooming in on the Southeastern waterfront. From the zoning, to the industrial piers, and characteristics of the surrounding neighborhoods, the Southeastern waterfront is proving to be a strong potential site for our design.

ISLAIS CREEK CHANNEL

BAYVIEW

GLEN PARK

BERNAL HEIGHTS INDIA BASIN

SILVER TERRACE

RESIDENTIAL

PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND REPAIR BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT

PORTOLA

MIXED USE RESIDENTIAL

INDUSTRIAL EXCELSIOR

SOUTH BASIN

RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL

REDEVLOPMENT PLANNING ZONES

CROCKER AMAZON

VISTACION VALLEY

CANDLESTICK POINT

PUBLIC SPACE

Figure 9

Climate San Francisco

FEB

JAN

SUNLIGHT

7:22am

6:59am

HIGH WIND AVG

57

64

PRECIP

Figure 10

MAY 5:59am

JUN 70

5:48am

JUL

6:01am

10.5mph

10.3mph

10mph

SEP 73

72

71

67

9.7mph

AUG

OCT

6:52am

8.6 mph

6.8mph

46

44

1.78

49

7:46pm

8:13pm

56

55

54

52 48

7:18am

63 57

8 mph

7:04pm

DEC

6:51am

7:20am

9.8mph

8.8mph

5:48pm

NOV

71

6:27am

7.7mph

5:16pm

LOW

6:33am

7:05am

62 59

APR

MAR

8:33pm

8:30pm

7.1 mph

56

8:01pm

7.9mph

54 7:17pm

6:31pm

4:59pm

4:54pm

49 44

2.26

1.34

0.5

0.09

0.02

0.01

0.14

0.7

2.06

Energy Systems Solar, Wind, Water

Figure 11

Materials & Construction San Francisco

Figure 12

Significance The potential impact of this investigation could foster a dialogue around possible solutions for the housing crisis of San Francisco and cultivate speculation on what a dwelling means in a contemporary society. The design will focus on systems of mass customization for varying user types and prefabricated design with the intention of building system and material recyclability.

This investigation has the potential to challenge current housing types and construction life cycles in the United States.

Bibliography Figure 1 Population Per Square Mile Bureau, US Census. “Search Results San Francisco, California.” April 18, 2015. Accessed October 27, 2017. https://www.census.gov/search-results. html?page=1&stateGeo=none&searchtype=web&cssp=SERP&q=san%2Bfrancisco%2Bcity&search. x=0&search.y=0&search=submit.

Figure 2 History “A Timeline of San Francisco History.” San Francisco History - A Timeline. Accessed October 27, 2017. http://www.zpub.com/sf/history/sfh2.html.

Dwelling Units Constructed “2014 Housing Element.” City and County of San Francisco. April 27, 2015. http://www.sf-planning.org/ftp/ General_Plan/2014HousingElement-AllParts_ADOPTED_web.pdf.

Earthquakes “Earthquake History in the San Francisco Bay Area.” Earthquake Safety. 2014. Accessed October 27, 2017. http://www.earthquakesafety.com/earthquake-history.html.

Population Increase Clark, Keith C., and Leaonard J. Glaydos. “Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore.” Taylor & Francis. August 6, 2010.

Accessed October 27, 2017. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/s/10.1080/136588198241617?needAccess= true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzEzNjU4ODE5ODI0MTY xNz9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw. McDermid, Riley. “California population hits 39.5 million, as S.F. and South Bay see gains.” Bizjournals.com.

May 4, 2017. Accessed October 27, 2017. https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2017/05/03/ california-population-increase.html.

Figure 3 Rising Water Level “San Francisco, Bay Area, Sacramento Valley - Sea Level Rise Map.” Geology.com. Accessed October 27, 2017. http://geology.com/sea-level-rise/san-francisco.shtml.

Social Vulnerability “See your local sea level and coastal flood risk.” Risk Finder. Accessed October 27, 2017. https:// riskfinder.climatecentral.org/state/california.us?comparisonType=county&forecastType=NOAA2017_int_ p50&level=3&unit=ft#impacts-in-depth’.

Figure 4 Public Housing locations Wjlevay. “San Francisco Affordable Housing and Homeless Population.” CARTO. 2017. Accessed October 27, 2017. https://wjlevay.carto.com/viz/b4e13e62-df0d-11e4-9ab9-0e0c41326911/embed_map.

Homeless persons “2014 Housing Element.” City and County of San Francisco. April 27, 2015. http://www.sf-planning.org/ftp/ General_Plan/2014HousingElement-AllParts_ADOPTED_web.pdf.

Liquefaction and Social Vulnerability “Story Map Journal.” Sfgov.maps.arcgis.com. Accessed October 27, 2017. http://sfgov.maps.arcgis.com/ apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=69004eefbb3f4a27aa8b6c6566f8dc0b#.

Figure 5 Height Restrictions “Zoning Map - Height/Bulk Districts.” City and County of San Francisco. 2017. Accessed September 27, 2017. http://sf-planning.org/zoning-map-heightbulk-districts.

Figure 6 Bart lines “Bart.gov.” Station List. 2017. Accessed September 24, 2017. https://www.bart.gov/stations.

Density

“San Francisco.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2017. Accessed September 2017. https://www.britannica.com/ media/full/521129/50858.

Commuting “EMPLOYED BAY AREA COUNTY WORKERS’ COMMUTES INTO SAN FRANCISCO BY VOLUME AND MODE.” City and County of San Francisco. 2010. Accessed September 27, 2017. http://default.sfplanning. org/publications_reports/library_of_cartography/Commute2.pdf.

Figure 7 Bay Zones “NOAA Charts PDF Format.” NOAA Office of Coast Survey. Accessed November 27, 2017. http://www. charts.noaa.gov/PDFs/PDFs.shtml.

Waterfront “Planning Department.” Zoning Map - Zoning Districts | Planning Department. October 2017. Accessed November 27, 2017. http://sf-planning.org/zoning-map.

Figure 8 Sound Zones City and County of San Francisco Planning Department Department of Public Health. “AREAS POTENTIALLY REQUIRING NOISE INSULATIONS.” City of San Francisco Planning Department . 2009. Accessed 2017. http://default.sfplanning.org/publications_reports/library_of_cartography/Noise.pdf.

Piers

“Public Access to Useful Property Information & Resources at the Click of a Mouse.” San Francisco Property Information Map. 2017. Accessed September 2017. http://50.17.237.182/PIM/?search=0787001.

Figure 9 Southeastern Waterfront “Future.” Pier 70. 2017. Accessed October 27, 2017. http://www.pier70sf.com/future/.

Figure 10 Climate Data, US Climate. “Temperature - Precipitation - Sunshine - Snowfall.” Climate San Francisco - California and Weather averages San Francisco. Accessed September 28, 2017. https://www.usclimatedata.com/ climate/san-francisco/california/united-states/usca0987.

Figure 11 Solar “Compare Solar Panel Prices in Your Area.” Solar Panel Sizes - 3 Tips To Determine Which Size Is Best.

2017. Accessed September 06, 2017. https://www.theecoexperts.co.uk/what-size-solar-panel-do-i-need.

Wave

TEEIC . “Wave Energy Systems.” Wave Energy Systems. 2017. Accessed September 27, 2017. https:// teeic.indianaffairs.gov/er/hydrokinetic/restech/desc/wave/index.htm.

Figure 12 Dampener “Stopper bearings, Lead Rubber Bearing.” Vinhhungjsc.com. Accessed October 13, 2017. http:// en.vinhhungjsc.com/lead-rubber-bearing-55.html.

Aluminum “Aluminum Extrusions: Uses and Applications.” RPM Industries LLC. June 19, 2017. Accessed November 27, 2017. https://www.rpmindinc.com/aluminum-extrusions-uses-and-applications/.

Boat image Terdiman, Daniel. “In SF Bay, towing ultralarge ships with little tugboats.” CNET. May 24, 2014. Accessed October 27, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/in-sf-bay-towing-ultra-large-ships-with-little-tugs/.

Structure Harris, William. “How Earthquake-resistant Buildings Work.” HowStuffWorks Science. September 13, 2011.

Accessed September 25, 2017. http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/earthquakeresistant-buildings3.htm.