Beadle County Courthouse Courtroom Courtroom & & Third Third Floor Floor Restoration Restoration Huron, Huron, South South Dakota Dakota Charles Charles MacBride MacBride Architect Architect
Beadle County Courthouse
Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration Huron, South Dakota PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Beadle County Courthouse was originally designed and constructed in 1922 by architect William E. Hulse and contractors Bartleson and Ness. Hulse had offices in Hutchinson, KS, Sioux City, IA and Des Moines, IA, and his office built many courthouses across the Midwest.
BEADLE COUNTY COURTHOUSE
Like many of these three-story county courthouses, the courtroom itself occupied the third story, the lower floors accommodating county offices. The courtroom at the Beadle County Courthouse was extremely large, especially considering its location and rural context. A series of upgrades and interior remodels were completed in the 1960s and 70s, dividing the courtroom roughly in half, with an unadorned, drywall partition. Dropped acoustical tile ceilings were added covering the original canvas coffers and dropped beams. An elevator was added, and other room finishes were modified over the years.
NEBRASKA AVE SW
COLORADO AVE SW
3rd ST SW
SHERIFF’S OFFICE
Beginning in the 2000s another series of building renovations on the first two floors brought the building closer to its original architectural state. This project, for the (now two) courtrooms and remaining third floor, completed this long term building restoration. 4th ST SW NORTH
above Beadle County Courthouse, exterior. below Site Plan, Huron SD. on the cover Interior view of the main courtroom.
Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 2
The program included the historical restoration of most rooms, all new millwork and furnishings for the courtrooms, re-exposing and repair of the original coffered ceilings, ADA restroom renovation, and mechanical, electrical, audio-visual and security upgrades. Construction was phased to allow one courtroom to remain open during the work. The two courtroom plan also remained. The drywall partition that divided the original, large courtroom was remodeled to match the adjacent, Neo-Classical plaster and wood interior.
2 RESTORATION The original 1922 courtroom was divided in half in a later renovation. The result created a larger, main courtroom (above) and a narrower (east) courtroom. The dividing wall (above at left), initially left as an unadorned, drywall partition, was detailed and finished to match the existing interiors. This restoration also removed dropped, acoustical ceilings, re-exposing the original dropped beams and canvas finished coffers. Seating pews for the general public were refinished. New lighting, ceiling fans, and slot diffusers (seen above located in the dropped beams) were coordinated to improve the interior environment.
above Existing conditions of the main courtroom. Compare to the completed work in the photos at left and on cover. left Interior view of the main courtroom looking towards the gallery. Note the restored coffered ceiling and new pendant lighting, new matching work on the partition at left, and the original Charles Holloway murals at right.
Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 3
Jury Rooms Restoration of original ceiling, walls, casing, wainscot, base and cornice trim. New restroom and kitchenette. Dividing Partition & Ceiling Coffers The dividing partition (shaded) was added in the 1970s to create two courtrooms from one. New work finished this wall to match the original interiors, using similar materials, trim, and color. The ceiling coffers (dashed) were also re-exposed and restored, with pendant lighting added.
JURY ROOM
JURY ROOM
CONFERENCE ROOM
CORRIDOR
OFFICE
OFFICE
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3
Public Restrooms Complete tear-out of old restrooms. New work provides ADA access, new finishes, fixtures and lighting. Courtroom Niche & Second Judges Chamber The 1970s remodel that divided the original courtroom added an angled niche for the judge’s bench (dashed). The new work (shaded) maintained a smaller niche designed to compliment the interior elevations, corner pilaster, and ceiling coffers. Access to the judge’s chamber was restored and finishes upgraded.
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5
1
7
JUDGE’S LIBRARY
MAIN (WEST) COURTROOM
EAST COURTROOM
10 2 Clerk Clerk JUDGE’S CHAMBER
Millwork Each courtroom was provided with a new raised judge’s bench, jury box, clerk and reporter’s box, bar, and witness box.
Recorder
8 Judge’s Bench
Witness
Jury Box
Jury Box
Recorder
9 Witness
JUDGE’S CHAMBER Judge’s Bench
THIRD FLOOR CONSTRUCTION PLAN numbers indicate locations of photos shaded: new/revised partitions dashed: partitions to be removed Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 4
NORTH
above Construction photo of the niche in the east courtroom. The angled walls were removed in favor of a more complimentary scheme. Note the torn canvas ceiling coffer.
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left Interior view of the east courtroom looking (from left to right) towards the jury box, witness stand, and judge’s bench. New slot diffusers (not shown) are centered in the original dropped beams. New pendants by Evergreen Lighting are centered in each coffer. Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 5
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PILASTERS & INTERIOR TRIM The interior courtroom was finished with plaster panel moulding and a continuous picture rail. A dropped, prefabricated plaster cornice trim created a ledge for indirect lighting. Granite chair rail, wainscoting and base trim completed the wall ornamentation. Pilasters visually support the beams of the coffered ceiling. The existing corner pilasters provided a guide to matching the new work with the old (photos this spread). The 1970s dividing partition was positioned below one edge of a dropped beam, leaving a partial pilaster exposed in each of the resulting courtrooms. The new beam connection detail differs slightly based on this offset.
above Construction photo showing the original wall detailing and dropped beam with the 1970s dividing partition. Note the paint line showing the location of the removed acoustical tile ceiling, and the water stains & small holes that were repaired in the stretched canvas coffers. right Corner view of the east courtroom. Existing work was matched with new work (right in photo). Note the different detail as the partition meets the dropped beam. left (previous page) Corner view of the main courtroom with the original electric clock. Original wall finishes and ceiling were matched with new work (left in photo).
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New pilasters, including the recessed panels, cornice and trim were prefabricated by the millwork subcontractor from custom run paint-grade wood and MDF. Stone and caststone trim were added to match the base and chair rail. Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 7
EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
T-1 EAST WALL: NEW CROWN MOULDING MATCH EXTG REMOVE ACOUSTICAL DROPPED CEILING SYSTEM
W-1
NEW CORNER PILASTER: MATCH/ALIGN WITH EXTG PILASTER AT NW CORNER T-2 EAST WALL: NEW PANEL MOULDING MATCH EXTG HEIGHTS AND SPACING
301W 3
301W 2
301W 1
NEW PENDANT LIGHTING FIXTURE
EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
W-2
EAST WALL: NEW PILASTERS MATCH EXTG
EAST WALL: NEW PILASTERS MATCH EXTG
NEW CORNER PILASTER: MATCH/ALIGN WITH EXTG PILASTER AT SW CORNER
EAST WALL: NEW STONE CHAIR RAIL (MATCH EXTG SIZE & PROFILE) W-5 EAST WALL: WAINSCOT TO BE 2-LAYERS GWB (FOR PAINT) NEW SOLID-SURFACE WINDOW SILLS T-4 WEST WALL: NEW BLACK WOOD BASE (MATCH EXTG SIZE & PROFILE) EXTG HEATING UNITS REMAIN 4 1/2" +/MATCH PILASTER THICKNESS 1'-5 1/2" +/MATCH WEST WALL
RAISED JUDGE'S BENCH PLATFORM (DASHED FOR CLARITY) 34'-2" EXTG VIF
1
NEW JURY BOX (DASHED FOR CLARITY)
2
NORTH ELEVATION: COURTROOM 301W 1/4" = 1'-0"
15'-11" VIF MATCH WEST WALL
NEW LOW WALL (DASHED FOR CLARITY)
2'-2" VIF MATCH TYP PILASTER
15'-4" VIF MATCH WEST WALL 54'-9" EXTG VIF
2'-2" VIF
16'-4" VIF MATCH WEST WALL
MATCH TYP PILASTER
EAST ELEVATION: COURTROOM 301W 1/4" = 1'-0"
NEW CORNER PILASTER: MATCH/ALIGN WITH EXTG PILASTER AT NW CORNER EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
301W-1
301W-2
301W-3
NEW BAR / LOW WALL DIVIDER (DASHED FOR CLARITY)
EXTG PANEL MOULDING TO BE REMOVED/COVERED BY NEW CORNER PILASTER: MATCH CONDITION/DIMENSION WITH EXTG AT SW CORNER EXTG CHAIR RAIL TO BE PARTIALLY COVERED BY NEW CORNER PILASTER
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SOUTH ELEVATION: COURTROOM 301W 1/4" = 1'-0"
above Interior elevation construction drawings of the main (west) courtroom. Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 8
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WEST ELEVATION: COURTROOM 301W 1/4" = 1'-0"
EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
RAISED JUDGE'S BENCH PLATFORM (DASHED FOR CLARITY)
16'-6" EXTG VIF
EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
NEW CORNICE, PILASTERS, WAINSCOT AND WALL TRIM TO ALIGN WITH EXISTING HEIGHTS, VIF
EXTG COFFER AND BEAM
C-1 EAST WALL: VERIFY LOCATION OF EXTG BEAM AND CORNICE TRIM, AND REUSE IF POSSIBLE; IF NEW, MATCH EXTG
12'-6" +/- B.O. PENDANT (42" STEM, TYP.)
NEW CORNER PILASTER: MATCH/ALIGN WITH EXTG PILASTER AT NW CORNER EXTG PANEL TRIM AND CHAIR RAIL TO BE PARTIALLY COVERED BY NEW CORNER PILASTER: MATCH CONDITION/DIMENSION WITH EXTG AT NW CORNER
4 1/2" +/MATCH PILASTER THICKNESS 1'-5" +/MATCH WEST WALL
top & above Finished images of the side corridor and new drinking fountain.
MURALS The original courtroom was completed with four murals by the acclaimed American artist Charles Holloway (18591941). Holloway completed noted murals at the South Dakota state capitol, the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago, and dozens of other public building across the U.S. The murals at the Beadle County Courthouse depict the 19th century settlement of Dakota Territory.
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left View of two of the original main courtroom murals by Charles Holloway. New panel and picture rail moulding paint matches the original doors and casing trim. The rectangular panel shown on the left mural replaces a blank area, the location of a previously removed door. The panel was painted on canvas by a local artist to match the original mural design and color.
Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 9
EXTG HEATING UNIT REMAINS
EXTG HEATING UNIT REMAINS
VERIFY IN FIELD
10 3/4"
" +/-
8'-3 1/2" +/- FRAMING
5 1/2"
CLERK'S DESK
WITNESS BOX
7" +/2'-8" +/- FRAMING
2
ELEVATION LOOKING EAST: JUDGE'S BENCH 301W 3/4" = 1'-0"
A-3.5
SIMILAR (SHORT CAP)
"
5'-4
7 1/4"
10 3/4"
2
60°
"
3/4
2'-10 1/2" FRAMING
BUILT-IN FILE DRAWERS BELOW
10
2'-4" STAIR
K
JUDGE'S BENCH
REVISE / RE-FRAME EXISTING RAISED PLATFORM AS NECESSARY TO CONFORM TO NEW MILLWORK
ES "D
2'-2
2'-0 1/2" FRAMING
BRACKET BELOW
1/2
3'-10"
8'-9" +/- VIF 1'-2" DESK
7 1/2" DESK
4'-1
3'-11 1/2" FRAMING
1'-11 3/4" +/- VIF 1'-1" +/- DESK
4'-2 1/2" +/- FRAMING
2'-4"
3'-7" +/-
3'-2 1/2" +/- FRAMING
WOOD HANDRAIL
6" +/-
2'-5"
5 1/2"
6'-7" FRAMING
9" 6'-4 1/2" FRAMING
3'-6" 3'-7 3/4"
CENTER CONSTRUCTION AS SHOWN ON PILASTER
3'-11 1/2" +/-
REVISE / RE-FRAME EXISTING RAISED PLATFORM AS NECESSARY TO CONFORM TO NEW MILLWORK
1
2'-7 1/4"
NORTH
ENLARGED PLAN OF JUDGE'S BENCH ROOM 301W
3
3/4" = 1'-0"
6 1/2" 3'-2"
2'-0 1/2"
1 1/4" REVISE / RE-FRAME EXISTING RAISED PLATFORM AS NECESSARY TO CONFORM TO NEW MILLWORK
4'-7 1/2" +/- FRAMING 5'-3" +/- VIF
2'-6" TYP DESK HT
7"
WITNESS BOX
1'-9" PLATFORM HT VIF
2'-3 3/4" 4'-11"
1 1/4"
3/4"
BUILT-IN FILE DRAWERS
7"
7 1/4" FRAMING
3'-6"
7"
3'-2 1/2" FRAMING 3'-6" CLEAR
2'-0 1/2"
5 1/2"
3'-2"
A-3.5
2'-8 1/4"
TYPICAL
5 1/2"
6 1/2"
2
2'-6" TYP DESK HT
30°
CLERK'S DESK
2'-0 1/2"
3'-11"
A-3.5
1'-9"
TYP
3 3'-5 1/2" FRAMING
6 1/2"
UP 3 RISERS
SECTION/ELEVATION LOOKING SOUTH: JUDGE'S BENCH 301W 3/4" = 1'-0"
BUILT-UP MARBLE CAP (ACTS AS SCREEN FOR DESK BEHIND)
WOOD DESK RAISED PLATFORM BEYOND
3mm FLAT MARBLE "SHORT CAP" IN THIS AREA AS SHOWN 8'-9" +/5'-4 1/2" +/-
1'-8" EQ.
MARBLE "SHORT CAP" AREA
MARBLE CAP
1/2"
MARBLE CAP
STAINED SELECT MAPLE (ALT: BIRCH) WOOD EDGING; 3/4" THICKNESS, MITER CORNERS WITNESS BOX 3'-2"
CLERK'S DESK
2'-0 1/2"
6 1/2"
1'-8" EQ. MARBLE CAP
CLERK'S DESK
STAINED SELECT VENEER MAPLE PLYWOOD (ALT: BIRCH) FLUSH PANELING AT FACE OF NEW MILLWORK
7"
1/4" REVEAL, TYP BETWEEN FINISH PIECES
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ELEVATION LOOKING NORTH: JUDGE'S BENCH 301W 3/4" = 1'-0"
above Construction drawings of the main (west) courtroom millwork, including the judge’s bench, witness box and clerk’s desk. Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 10
NEW STONE BASE MATCHES EXISTING ROOM 301E BLACK, 7" HT. VIF
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ELEVATION LOOKING WEST: JUDGE'S BENCH 301W 3/4" = 1'-0"
WITNESS BOX
8 JUDGE’S BENCH Current courtroom design is more frequently locating the judge’s bench in the front corner of the space rather than the more traditional center. This can be based on the judge’s preference, realigning the room’s focus on the witness and allowing the judge to be more of an observer. Other design considerations include the increased need for flexibility with various forms of communication technology, and the sightlines of jurors and councilors. The two judge’s benches in this project were left in the front corners of the courtrooms, a change originally made in the 1970s. The design of the bench and desk itself accommodated a stone “cap” to visually unify all new millwork (see description below), while also hiding desk clutter and maintaining required sightlines.
9 top Existing condition of the east courtroom judge’s bench, witness box and clerk’s desk. left Finished interior view of the east courtroom judge’s bench, with the revised niche behind. right Detail view of the main courtroom judge’s bench, showing the typical flush wood panels, stone cap, and black cast stone base.
Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 11
DESK VARIES: SEE MILLWORK PLANS
3mm (1 1/4") PROFILED MARBLE LEDGE: CARRARA
10 3/4" WALL 1/2"
9 3/4" "CAP"
1/2"
1/2" GWB
7 1/4"
TYPICAL DESKTOP: 3/4" MAPLE VENEER PW WITH EDGE CAP (ALT: BIRCH)
FRAMING
6 1/2" CAP
2mm (3/4") MARBLE WITH 1/4" REVEAL
DESK VARIES: SEE MILLWORK PLANS
9" WALL 1/2"
8" "CAP"
3mm (1 1/4") PROFILED MARBLE LEDGE: CARRARA
1/2"
5 1/2"
TYPICAL DESKTOP: 3/4" MAPLE VENEER PW WITH EDGE CAP (ALT: BIRCH)
1/2" GWB
FRAMING
1/4" REVEAL
2 1/2"
2 1/2" X 3/4" MAPLE (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
3/4" WOOD BASE: BLACK LACQUERED FINISH
2x6
7" BASE
7" BASE
7" BASE
TOE KICK SPACE
3/4" WOOD BASE: BLACK LACQUERED FINISH
2x6 3/4" BASE
1 1/2"
5 1/2" FRAMING
2
TYPICAL SECTION AT JUDGE'S BENCH 1 1/2" = 1'-0"
9" WALL 1/2"
1 1/4"
FRAMING
END WALL FRAMING
2x6
11" WALL BRACE (TOP)
2 1/2" 1/4"
1/4"
3/4"
5 1/4"
1'-6"
2 1/2"
2 1/2" X 3/4" MAPLE (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
1 1/2" = 1'-0"
1/2"
5 1/2"
3/4" 1/4"
6 1/2" "CAP"
2mm (3/4") MARBLE WITH 1/4" REVEAL
TYPICAL LOW WALL SECTION AT DESK
1'-6" WALL
8" "CAP"
1/2" GWB
6 1/2"
3mm (1 1/4") PROFILED MARBLE LEDGE: CARRARA
1/4"
3
3/4" MAPLE CAP (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
2'-5 1/2"
2'-2 3/4"
1'-5" 1/4"
2 1/2"
2x6
TOE KICK SPACE 7" BASE
1'-0" WALL BRACE (BOTTOM)
3/4" WOOD BASE: BLACK LACQUERED FINISH
2x4 3/4" 1/2" 3 1/2"
2 1/2"
7"
NOTE: PLYWOOD VENEER ATTACHES DIRECTLY TO FRAMING AT WALL BRACE; NO GWB TO COVER ROUGH FRAMING
3/4" WOOD BASE: BLACK LACQUERED FINISH 1 1/2"
3/4" BASE
3/4"
FRAMING
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2X FRAMING FOR WALL BRACE (DASHED); ATTACH TO 2X FRAMING AT BAR / LOW WALL DIVIDER 3/4" MAPLE VENEER PW FLUSH PANEL (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
2 1/2" X 3/4" MAPLE (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
2 1/2"
3'-0"
WALL BRACE
7" BASE
1/4" REVEAL
1/4" REVEAL: ALIGN ALL AROUND 1'-10 1/2"
3/4" MAPLE VENEER PW (ALT: BIRCH) FLUSH PANEL W/ CHERRY FINISH
2'-10 1/4" ROUGH FRAMING
1/2" GWB ON 2X FRAMING 1/2" SPACERS OR 1/2" THK MASONITE BACKER
3 1/2"
3/4"
FRAMING 1'-0"
TYPICAL SECTION AT NEW BAR / LOW WALL DIVIDER 1 1/2" = 1'-0"
above Construction drawings of typical millwork details. Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 12
ELEVATION OF WALL BRACE
1
TYPICAL LOW WALL SECTION 1 1/2" = 1'-0"
1 1/2"
3/4" BASE
3'-0"
1'-5"
3'-2"
2'-0 1/2" FLUSH PANEL
1/4" REVEAL
3/4" MAPLE VENEER PW (ALT: BIRCH) FLUSH PANEL W/ CHERRY FINISH
2'-5 1/2"
1/2" GWB ON 2X FRAMING 1/2" SPACERS OR 1/2" THK MASONITE BACKER
1'-10 1/2" FLUSH PANEL
1/4"
2 1/2"
2 1/2" X 3/4" MAPLE (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
2'-7 1/2"
1'-7"
6 1/2" CAP
2x6
2 1/2"
1 1/2" 2'-7 1/2"
2'-6" TYP DESK HT
1/4" REVEAL
2 1/2" X 3/4" MAPLE (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
2 1/2"
1'-9" VIF RAISED PLATFORM
1/2"
5 1/2"
2mm (3/4") MARBLE WITH 1/4" REVEAL
1/4" REVEAL
4'-11"
3/4"
1 1/2"
2x6
ALIGN REVEAL AS SHOWN
1/4" REVEAL
8" "CAP"
1/4"
NOSING (TYP) TO MATCH
2x8
REVISE / RE-FRAME EXISTING RAISED PLATFORM AS NECESSARY TO CONFORM TO NEW MILLWORK
9" WALL 1/2"
FRAMING
4'-4 1/2"
3'-4"
3'-9 1/2" FLUSH PANEL
3/4" MAPLE VENEER PW (ALT: BIRCH) FLUSH PANEL W/ CHERRY FINISH
2'-6" TYP DESK HT
2'-7 1/2"
1/2" SPACERS OR 1/2" THK MASONITE BACKER
2 1/2"
1/2" GWB ON 2X FRAMING
6 1/2" CAP
2 1/2"
2 1/2" X 3/4" MAPLE (ALT: BIRCH) W/ CHERRY FINISH
1/4" REVEAL
1 1/2"
3/4"
1 1/2"
2x8
above Existing condition of the east courtroom jury box. left Finished interior view of the east courtroom jury box, with the typical bar or low-wall detailing. The revised paneled partition wall sits behind the jury box (compare to photo at top). below Construction photos showing stone samples and the installation of the typical Crema Marfil marble cap.
10 MILLWORK The millwork design concept creates a solid, heavy and consistent series of low walls and benches that supports the original Neo-Classical building interior. Flush maple panels maintain the scale of the room, mixing a modern yet subtle series of reveals with the feeling of traditional wood furniture. The base trim maintains the original size and color of green and white-veined black granite. Originally specified as lacqured wood, the new base was changed to cast stone during construction. The off-white stone “cap� is an oversized, continuous rail that establishes a horizontal datum in each courtroom. The cap is cut from Crema Marfil marble slabs. This detail lends solidity and permanence to the new built-in millwork, allowing it to not be overpowered by the existing room. The entire low-wall assembly was mocked-up for final approval, and multiple samples and finishes of all three materials were reviewed prior to fabrication. Beadle County Courthouse : Courtroom & Third Floor Restoration 13
PROJECT CREDITS Beadle County Commissioners: Denis Drake, Rick Benson, Tom Hansen, Linda Marcus, Larry Mattke. Third District Court: Judge Jon R. Erickson, Marie Fawcett. Beadle County Jail: Deputy Skip McWethy. Owners Representative: Richard Freske, Professional Construction Services. Architect: Charles MacBride, AIA, NCARB, Charles MacBride Architect. Engineering (M/E/P): Jeffery A. Renken, PE, Damon deWit, PE, Associated Consulting Engineering, Inc. General Contractor: Todd Brueske, Todd Brueske Construction. Electrical Contractor: Norm Ferguson, Ferguson Electric. Mechanical Contractor: Curt Kemp, Curts Heating and Cooling. Plumbing Contractor: Gayland Roth, GPR Plumbing. Millwork: Tom Patzer, Patzer Woodworking. Stone: Lee Thompson, Jason Bauer, Granite Accents. Paint: Heath Greenfield, Greenfield Paint. Custom Mural Painting: Jane Meekins. Audio/Visual: Steve Hirsch, AVI. Furniture Restoration: Robeson & Sons Upholstering. Carpet: Bill Anderson, Anderson Furniture. Detail of original Third Floor Plan by William E. Hulse, 1922. Note the original layout of the single, large courtroom.
Project Photography: Emily Heezen, Charles MacBride.