Understanding api icp653 reading 12 worksheet 8

Readings on APIICP650 Reading 12 - Q&A Practices My Pre-exam Self Study Notes 17th March 2016

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Petroleum Upstream

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Petroleum Upstream

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API 653 Exam Administration -- Publications Effectivity Sheet FOR: November 2015, March 2016 and July 2016 Listed below are the effective editions of the publications required for this exam for the date(s) shown above.

API Recommended Practice 571, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry, Second Edition, April 2011

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ATTENTION: Only the following sections / mechanisms from RP 571 are included on the exam: 1. Section 3, Definitions 2. Par. 4.2.7 Brittle Fracture 3. 4.2.16 Mechanical Fatigue 4. 4.3.2 Atmospheric Corrosion 5. 4.3.3 Corrosion Under insulation (CUI) 6. 4.3.8 Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) 7. 4.3.9 Soil Corrosion 8. 4.3.10 Caustic Corrosion 9. 4.5.1 Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Cl-SCC) 10. 4.5.3 Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking (Caustic Embrittlement) 11. 5.1.1.10 Sour Water Corrosion (Acidic) 12. 5.1.1.11 Sulfuric Acid Corrosion

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  

  

API Recommended Practice 575, Inspection of Atmospheric and LowPressure Storage Tanks, Third Edition, April 2014 API Recommended Practice 577 – Welding Inspection and Metallurgy, Second Edition, December 2013 API Standard 650, Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, Twelfth Edition, March 2013 with Addendum 1 (September 2014), Errata 1 (July 2013), and Errata 2 (December 2014).

API Recommended Practice 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks, Fourth Edition, September 2014.

API Recommended Practice 652, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms, Fourth Edition, September 2014 API Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, Fifth Edition, November 2014.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2013 Edition i. ASME Section V, Nondestructive Examination, Articles 1, 2, 6, 7 and 23 (section SE-797 only) ii. Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications (Welding Only)

See end of this study note for API Official BOK

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http://independent.academia.edu/CharlieChong1 http://www.yumpu.com/zh/browse/user/charliechong http://issuu.com/charlieccchong

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http://greekhouseoffonts.com/

The Magical Book of Tank Inspection ICP

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闭门练功

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Fion Zhang at Xitang 17th March 2016

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SME- Subject Matter Expert

我们的大学,其实应该聘请这些能干的退休 教授. 或许在职的砖头怕被排斥. http://cn.bing.com/videos/search?q=Walter+Lewin&FORM=HDRSC3 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiEHVhv0SBMpP75JbzJShqw

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Q&A Practice

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Exercise-001 Open Book

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Q1. AST fabricated to API 650 (Basic Standard) is normally designed not to exceed an operating temperature of: 1. 260 deg C 2. 100 deg C 3. 90 deg C 4. 21 deg C Q2. Minimum size of fillet welds in the construction or repairs of an AST built to API Standard 650 is: 1. Higher of 6 mm (0.25”) or half of the thickness of thinner plate joined.

2. Higher of 9 mm (0.25”) or one third of the thickness of thicker plate joined.

3. Higher of 5 mm (0.1875”) or one third of the thickness of thinner plate joined.

4. Lower of 6 mm (0.25”) or half of the thickness of thinner plate joined.

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API650: 5.1.3.3 The minimum size of fillet welds shall be as follows: On plates 5 mm (3/16 in.) thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates more than 5 mm (3/16 in.) thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than one-third the thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 5 mm (3/16 in.).

fillet size greater of 5mm or 1/3 tthinner

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Q3. As per API Standard 650, the overlap at lap-welded joints shall be at least five times the nominal thickness of the thinner plate, but need not exceed, a. 2” for single-welded lap joints and 4” for double welded lap joints b. 1” for single-welded lap joints and 2” for double welded lap joints c. 1.5” for single-welded lap joints and 2” for double welded lap joints d. 1.5” for single-welded lap joints and 1” for double welded lap joints API650: 5.1.3 Restrictions on Joints 5.1.3.5 Lap-welded joints, as tack-welded, shall be lapped at least five times the nominal thickness of the thinner plate joined; however, with double-welded lap joints, the lap need not exceed 50 mm (2 in.), and with single-welded lap joints, the lap need not exceed 25 mm (1 in.).

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Q4. Calculate by the 1-Foot method the design shell thickness Td in inches, of the following description of tank built to API Standard 650: Shell Material ASTM A36M H = Design liquid level = 50 feet D = Nominal Tank Diameter = 180 feet G = Design Specific Gravity = 0.86 CA = Corrosion Allowance = 0. 0625” = Allowable stress in design condition, in psi (23200psi) Sd = design shell thickness, inches td = Allowable stress for hydrostatic test condition, in psi St = hydrostatic test shell thickness, inch(es). tt td = 2.6 (H-1) DG/Sd + CA = 0.913 a. 0.912” b. 0.850” c. 1” d. 0.922 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5. Calculate by the 1-Foot method the hydrostatic test shell thickness Tt in inches, of the above referred tank, when water is used for the test : tt = 2.6(H-1)D/St = 0.922 St = 24900psi a. 0.935” b. 0.985” c. 1” d. 0.922” NOTE: for hydrostatic testing, CA need not to be considered.

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Q6. Maximum Reinforcement thickness of vertical butt joints of a tank shell plate of 28mm, of an AST built to API Standard 650 shall be: a. 5mm c. 1.6mm

b. 2.4mm d. 3mm

Q7. Vertical joints of a 28mm thick shell of an AST built to API Std. 650 shall be radiographed to the extent as given below : a. b. c. d.

Full Partial Spot Nil

c) Vertical joints in which the shell plates are greater than 25 mm (1 in.) thick shall be fully radiographed. All junctions of vertical and horizontal joints in this thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm (2 in.) of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection (see the bottom panel of Figure 8.1).

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Q8.

In an AST built to API Standard 650, the bottom annular plates have radial weld joints, and are single butt welded with permanent back-up bar, in which case, the extent of radiographing radial joints shall be, a. b. c. d.

One spot on 50% of radial joint One spot on 10% of radial joints Full radiography of all radial joints RT – Nil; only MT of 100% joints is adequate.

8.1.2.9 When bottom annular plates are required by 5.5.1, or by M.4.1, the radial joints shall be radiographed as follows: (a) For double-welded butt joints, one spot radiograph shall be taken on 10 % of the radial joints; (b) For single-welded butt joints with permanent or removable back-up bar, one spot radiograph shall be taken on 50 % of the radial joints. Extra care must be exercised in the interpretation of radiographs of single-welded joints that have a permanent back-up bar. In some cases, additional exposures taken at an angle may determine whether questionable indications are acceptable. The minimum radiographic length of each radial joint shall be 150 mm (6 in.). Locations of radiographs shall preferably be at the outer edge of the joint where the shell plate and annular plate join.

Q9.

As per API Std. 650, personnel who perform and evaluate radiographic examinations (RT) shall have a minimum qualification as follows : a. b. c. d.

Shall have a vision of Jaeger No.2 Shall be qualified as Level II of ASNT SNT-TC-1A Shall not be color blind Shall have an experience of at least ten years in RT.

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Q10. The minimum required shell thickness of a Tank of 60 Meter diameter (200 ft. diameter), built to API Standard 650, shall be: a. b. c. d.

Design shell thickness plus corrosion allowance Hydrostatic Test shell thickness 8 mm (5/16�)

Greater of a, b, c

Q11. Determine whether impact testing is required for A516 gr 70 normalised plates 1 inch thick, Design temp = 0 degree F (-18 degree C): a. b. c. d.

Not required Required Depends on opinion of design engineer Depends on opinion of tank inspector

Working: mtls group Group V Normalized, Killed Fine-Grain Practice

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Q12. Which of the following sets of the Transverse Charpy V-notch Impact Test Values of a fully killed 0.75 “ thick plate of ASTM A 516 gr 60 for a design metal temperature of -34 degree C, is acceptable as per API 650? Plates are not normalized. a. 20, 11, 12 Joules b. 18, 24, 12 Joules c. 24, 22, 10 Joules d. 20, 10, 27 Joules Working: ASTM A 516 gr 60 Not Normalized – Transverse specimens 4.2.9.3 An impact test shall be performed on three specimens taken from a single test coupon or test location. The average value of the specimens (with no more than one specimen value being less than the specified minimum value) shall comply with the specified minimum value. If more than one value is less than the specified minimum value (2/3 x18= 12J) , or if one value is less than two-thirds the specified minimum value, three additional specimens shall be tested, and each of these must have a value greater than or equal to the specified minimum value.

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Exercise-002 Closed Book

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Q1.

Maximum design internal pressure in an AST referred to by API 650 and API 653 is: a. b. c. d.

Not exceeding 2.5 psig 15 psig approximately Not exceeding 5.00 psig None of the above

Q2.

As per API 650, the design metal temperature of an AST is based on the lowest one-day mean temperature in the locality where the tank is installed, it is: a. b. c. d.

15ºC above the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality 8ºC above the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality Same as the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality 5ºC below the lowest one day mean temperature of the locality

3.6 design metal temperature The lowest temperature considered in the design, which, unless experience or special local conditions justify another assumption, shall be assumed to be 8 °C (15 °F) above the lowest oneday mean ambient temperature of the locality where the tank is to be installed. Isothermal lines of lowest one-day mean temperature are shown in Figure 4.2. The temperatures are not related to refrigerated-tank temperatures (see 1.1.1).

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Q3.

In an AST built to API Standard 650, the minimum nominal thickness of bottom plates, exclusive of specified corrosion allowance shall be: a. b. c. d.

12.7 mm (1/2”) 8 mm (5/16”) 6.0 mm (1/4”) 5 mm (3/16”)

5.4 Bottom Plates 5.4.1 All bottom plates shall have a corroded thickness of not less than 6 mm (0.236 in.) [49.8 kg/m2 (9.6 lbf/ft2) (see 4.2.1.2)]. Unless otherwise agreed to by the Purchaser, all rectangular and sketch plates (bottom plates on which the shell rests that have one end rectangular) shall have a nominal width of not less than 1800 mm (72 in.).

Q4.

The full course width for shell plate as per API 650 shall be minimum:

a. b. c. d.

72” 96” 60” 90”

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Q5.

In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been defined as distinct activities. State which of the following activities does not constitute an Alteration? a. b. c. d.

The addition of man-ways and nozzles greater than NPS 12 Increase and decrease in tank shell height Replacement of damaged flange on nozzle by flange of same size and material All of the above

Q6.

In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been defined as distinct activities. Activity which entails any work necessary to maintain or restore a tank to a condition suitable for safe operation. State which of the following activities does not constitute repair? a. b. c. d.

Re-leveling and/or jacking of a tank shell, bottom or roof Addition of reinforcing plate/s to existing shell penetration/s Changing the content with higher specific gravity Repair of flaws, such as tears or gouges, by grinding followed by welding

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Q7.

From the data of Figure 2, which of the plane above will be considered to calculate t1?

Plane a Plane b Plane c Plane d Q8.

What will be the value of t1 for above question?

a. b. c. d.

0.380” 0.397” 0.468” 0.371”

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Q7.

In accordance with API Standard 653, Critical Zone for repairs to a tank bottom is that portion which is: a. b. c. d.

Measured vertically upwards along shell, within 6” of tank bottom Measured radially inward, within 3” of the inside edge of shell Measured radially outward within 1 ½” of outside edge of shell A circular area measurable radially within 12” from center of tank bottom

Q8.

Normally the corrosion rates of the tank bottom control the inspection interval, which are based on the actual or anticipated rates of corrosion. In the case of a tank, where corrosion rates are not known, and where similar service experience is not available, the actual thickness of the bottom is to be determined by due inspections within: a. b. c. d.

20 years 5 years 10 years 2 years

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Q9.

In case of the following conditions, the risk of failure by brittle fracture in an AST built to API Standards is minimal: a. above b. above c. above d.

Tank shell thickness 5/8” and shell metal temperatures at 20°F and Tank shell thickness ½” and shell metal temperatures at 60°F and Tank shell thickness ¾” and shell metal temperatures at 32°F and Tank shell thickness 1” and shell metal temperatures at 0°F and above

Q10. As per API Standard 653, a routine, in service, close visual external inspection of an aboveground storage tank (AST) shall be done, at an interval not exceeding: a. b. c. d.

One year Five years One month Ten years

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Q11. As AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum required thickness is 0.5”. The known rate of corrosion of shell is 5 mils per year. As per API Standard 653, when should the external visual inspection by an Authorized Inspector be carried out at an interval not exceeding? a. b. c. d.

One year Five years Twelve and half years Ten years

Q12. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75; and its minimum required thickness is 0.5”. The rate of corrosion of shell is not known. As per API Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness measurement shall be carried out an interval not exceeding: a. b. c. d.

One year Five years Six & half years Ten years

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Q13. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum required thickness is 0.5”. The known rate of corrosion of shell is 5 mils per year. As per API Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness measurement shall be carried out at an interval not exceeding: a.

One year b.

Twenty-five years c.

Fifteen years d.

Ten years Interval: N known, RCA/4N = 0.25/2·0.005 = 25 years used 15 years b) When the corrosion rate is known, the maximum interval shall be the smaller of RCA/2N years (where RCA is the difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, and N is the shell corrosion rate in mils per year) or 15 years.

Q14. Corrosion on the bottom side of floor plates in aboveground storage tanks is affected most by: a. b. c. d.

Composition of the contents stored in the tank Welding procedures used during construction of the tank The metal used for construction of the tank floor Soil characteristics directly underneath the tank

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Q15. If arc strikes, gouges, or tears from temporary attachments are identified, they: a.

Must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis b.

Must be repaired by welding with an appropriate repair procedure c.

Must be repaired by removing the plate area containing the scars and welding in a butt-welded patch d.

Are acceptable, provided they are more than 2 feet from any weld seam Q16. Reinforcement pads shall be tested by applying pressure between the tank shell and reinforcement plate using the telltale hole. How much pressure is used to perform this inspection? a. b. c. d.

15 psig hydrostatic pressure 5 psig pneumatic pressure 5 psig hydrostatic pressure 15 psig pneumatic pressure

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Q17.

According to API 653, authorized inspection agency is:

a.

Inspection organization of jurisdiction b.

Inspection organization of insurance company which underwrites insurance of storage tanks c.

Inspection organization of owner-operator d.

Any of the above Q18. For all repairs and alterations under API 653, the ultimate responsibility rests with: a. b. c. d.

Owner-operator API Committee API 653 Inspector Jurisdiction Authority

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Q19.

In API 653, the term “RBI� means:

a. b. c. d.

Repairing Before Inspection Report Based Inspection Repair Based Inspection Risk Based Inspection

Q20.

Partial or complete jacking of a tank shell is considered:

a. b. c. d.

Routine maintenance An alteration A repair None of the above

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Q21. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is filled-up by welding overlay.

There is no change in the rating and no change is made on the nameplate.

Which of the following is the correct term to describe this process? a. b. c. d.

Repair Alteration Can be repair or alteration Neither repair or alteration

Q22. Under which of the conditions listed below is external inspection of tank bottom plate permitted to be done in lieu of internal inspection? a) In cases where constructions size or other aspects allow external access to the tank bottom to determine plate thickness. b) External inspection to determine bottom plate thickness is never permitted in lieu of internal inspection c) For tanks made of materials which have excellent chemical resistance d) All of the above

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Exercise-003 Open Book

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Q1.

Typical corroded areas on a shell plate are exhibited below in Figure 1 with measured thickness in inches indicated on the sketch. The minimum required thickness of the shell plate is 0.750” and C.A. required is 0.15”.

The total length of arrow line drawn is 8 inches. The length of the line in each of the corroded areas A, B and C are 1.5”, 0.3” and 0.2” respectively. Comment on the acceptability of the corroded condition. a.

Acceptable b.

Not acceptable c.

Conduct a patch plate repair d.The pitting can be ignored as a case of widely scattered pitting Working: acceptance criteria t’min = t min + CA ≥ 0.9mm (not OK) t2 ≥ 06 (tmin + CA) ≥ 0.54mm (OK)

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Standard Answer: Q1.

The pits are acceptable if: Thickness at bottom of pit (excluding C.A.) ≥ ½ tmin.; and Sum of dimensions in 8” length ≤ 2” In the example, The minimum thickness at bottom of the pit = 0.54” The thickness excluding C.A. = 0.54 – 0.15 = 0.39” This thickness ≥ ½ tmin 0.39” ≥ ½ (0.75), i.e., 0.39” ≥ 0.375” ---------- OK b.

Total sum = 1.5 +0.3+ 0.2 = 2” - - - - - - - - - OK

ANSWER: A

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API653: 4.3.2 Actual Thickness Determination 4.3.2.1 c) The authorized inspector shall visually or otherwise decide which vertical plane(s) in the area is likely to be the most affected by corrosion. Profile measurements shall be taken along each vertical plane for a distance, L. In the plane(s), determine the lowest average thickness, t1, averaged over a length of L, using at least five equally spaced measurements over length L. e) The criteria for continued operation is as follows: I.the value t1 shall be greater than or equal to tmin (see 4.3.3 or 4.3.4), subject to verification of all other loadings listed in 4.3.3.5; II.the value t2 shall be greater than or equal to 60 % of tmin; and III.any corrosion allowance required for service until the time of the next inspection shall be added to tmin and 60 % of tmin.

4.3.2.2 Widely scattered pits may be ignored provided that: a)no pit depth results in the remaining shell thickness being less than one-half the minimum acceptable tank shell thickness exclusive of the corrosion allowance; and b)the sum of their dimensions along any vertical line does not exceed 2 in. in an 8-in. length (see Figure 4.2).

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Q2.

A tank is constructed as per API 650. Its original thickness is 0.500 inch.

Its diameter is 25 feet and height is 15 feet. After 10 years, the tank is inspected and the following readings are recorded on the shell. Figure 2 exhibits a corroded portion of the developed shell of the tank from the inside. The designed corrosion allowance is CA=0.125”. Minimum thickness (t2) is among the following readings.

What is the minimum thickness recorded? a)0.315” b)0.275” c)0.330” d)all of the above

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Q3.

Calculate the critical L dimension for this condition

a.

9.7” b.

40” c.

12” d.

All of the above L = 3.7√(Dt2) = 9.70” Q4.

For the same conditions of Figure 2 if the location of the bottom of the critical length is 2 feet from the tank floor and the designed liquid height is 12 feet what is the value of H in the formula for calculating tmin? a. b. c. d.

3 feet 15 feet 10 feet 13 feet

H is the height from the bottom of the shell course under consideration to the maximum liquid level when evaluating an entire shell course, in feet (ft); or is the height from the bottom of the length L (see 4.3.2.1) from the lowest point of the bottom of L of the locally thinned area to the maximum liquid level, in feet (ft); or is the height from the lowest point within any location of interest to the maximum liquid level, in feet (ft); Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5.

Find the value of S which may be assumed for the lower course of old tank for calculating tmin considering the fact that the material is A516 gr 70. a. b. c. d.

30,000 psi 18,000 psi 23,995 psi 23,595 psi

Q6.

Find the value of the allowable stress in the first shell course (means bottom course) of the conditions of the tank considered in above question if material is not known. a.

4680 psi b.

23600 psi c.

2550 psi d.

30000 psi

first shell course

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API650: 5.1.5.2 Vertical Shell Joints a)Vertical shell joints shall be butt joints with complete penetration and complete fusion attained by double welding or other means that will obtain the same quality of deposited weld metal on the inside and outside weld surfaces to meet the requirements of 7.2.1 and 7.2.3. The suitability of the plate preparation and welding procedure shall be determined in accordance with 9.2. b)Vertical joints in adjacent shell courses shall not be aligned, but shall be offset from each other a minimum distance of 5t, where t is the plate thickness of the thicker course at the point of offset.

5tthicker min

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Q7.

From the data of Figure 2, which of the plane above will be considered to calculate t1? a. b. c. d.

Plane a Plane b Plane c Plane d

Q8.

What will be the value of t1 for above question?

a.

0.380” b.

0.397” c.0.468” d.0.371” Standard answer: Q8. Value of t1 = 2.73 / 7 = 0.371” ANSWER: D

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Q9. A corroded roof plate is found to have an average thickness of 0.1" measured over an area of 100 sq. inches. This area shall be: a. Repaired or replaced b. Found to be acceptable c. Repair is prohibited d. Replacement is mandated Q10.When determining average thickness in a corroded area of a shell, a minimum of equally paced measurements shall be taken over a length of L. a. 10 b. 5 c. 8 d. 6

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Q11. a. b. c. d.

Vertical welds must be fully radiographed if the shell thickness exceeds inches: 3/4 1 1 - 1/4 1-½

c) Vertical joints in which the shell plates are greater than 25 mm (1 in.) thick shall be fully radiographed. All junctions of vertical and horizontal joints in this thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm (2 in.) of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection (see the bottom panel of Figure 8.1).

Q12.

Anticipated minimum thickness of tank bottom where bottom / foundation design provides for leak detection and containment is:

a. b. c. d.

0.10 inch 0.05 inch 0.09 inch same as without leak detection and containment

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Exercise-004 Closed Book

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Q1.

A hydrostatic test for a relocated tank:

a. b. c. d.

May be waived by the Owner/Operator Is required May be waived by the Inspector Is not necessary

Q2.

Minimum thickness of tank bottom in critical zone shall be at least 0.1 inch but also it shall be: a.

Greater of: ½ tmin for lowest shell course and half of original thickness in critical zone b.

Smaller of: ½ tmin for lowest shell course and half of original thickness in critical zone c.

0.1” only d.0.05” as from Table 6-1, if leak detection system is provided 4.4.5.4 Unless a stress analysis is performed, the minimum bottom plate thickness in the critical zone of the tank bottom defined in 9.10.1.2 shall be the smaller of one-half the original bottom plate thickness (not including the original corrosion allowance) or 50 % of tmin of the lower shell course per 4.3.3.1 but not less than 0.1 in. Isolated pitting will not appreciably affect the strength of the plate.

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Q3.

During the hydrostatic test, no less than _______ settlement measurement points shall be surveyed. a. b. c. d.

8 10 15 5

Q4.

For vacuum box test, a partial vacuum of at least _______ shall be used using _________ to check the cracks. a. b. c. d.

3 psi, penetrating oil 5 psi, water immersion 3 psi, film solution 5 psi, liquid penetrant

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Q5. Which tests are usually conducted to verify acceptability of shell to bottom plate welds? a. b. c. d.

Penetrating oil RT Vacuum box test “a” and “c”

Q6. Except for cast iron parts, internal coils and supports may be: a b. c. d.

Dye penetrant tested Leak tested Hammer tested Magnetic particle tested

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Q7. At the next out-of-service inspection on a tank that has had a hot tap performed, the visual inspection should include: a. Size of the hot tap nozzle holes b. Thickness of the plate at the hot tap c. Height of the hot tap from the tank bottom d. Trimming of the hot tap nozzle holes Q8. The term “roof drain� is applicable for which type of tanks? a. b. c. d.

Tanks with a breather device installed on the roof High octane fuel tanks (Dome roof tanks) Tanks with floating roofs (open top-tanks) Tanks with internal floating roof

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Q9.

Industry experience and laboratory test have shown that a membrane stress in tank shell plates of at least _______ is required to cause failure due to brittle fracture? a.500 psi b.100 Mpa c.7 ksi d.18 kg/mm2 Q10. Which of the following is an advantage of magnetic particle testing over penetrant testing? a.it can detect surface discontinuities with foreign material imbedded in them b.It is faster on individual parts c.It can detect near-surface discontinuities d.All of the above

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Q11.Which of the following types of discontinuities is not normally detected by radiography? a. b. c. d.

Cracks Incomplete penetration Laminations Slag

Q12.The reason for periodical inspection of ASTs is to: a. b. c. d.

Determine their physical condition Determine the rate of deterioration Maintain safe operating conditions All of the above

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Q13. Resistance of grounding connection shall not be, a.more than 25 Ohms b.less than 1 Meg-Ohm c.less than 25 Ohms d.more than 5 Ohms Q14. Internal inspection is primarily to: a.All of the below b.Ensure that the bottom is not corroded and leaking; c.Gather data for shell assessment d.Identify and evaluate bottom settlement.

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Q15. a. b. c. d.

Repairs on butt welds shall be radiographically examined by: Full radiography over entire repaired length of weld 1 spot on repair portion for each vertical weld 1 spot on each 50’ for horizontal weld “b” and “c”

12.2.1.1 For vertical joints: a.new replacement shell plates to new shell plates, no additional radiographs required, other than those required by API 650, Section 8.1.2.2 and Figure 8-1 for new construction; b.new replacement shell plates to existing shell plates, one additional radiograph shall be taken in each joint; c.repaired joints in existing shell plates shall have one additional radiograph taken in each joint.

12.2.1.2 For horizontal joints: a.a) new replacement shell plates to new shell plates, no additional radiographs required, other than those required by API 650, Section 8.1.2.3 and Figure 8-11 for new construction; b.new replacement shell plates to existing shell plates, one additional radiograph for each 50 ft of repaired horizontal weld; c.repaired joints in existing shell plates shall have one additional radiograph taken for each 50 ft of repaired horizontal weld.

Q16. The API 653 standard covers the maintenance inspection, repairs, alteration, relocation and reconstruction of tanks constructed to ____________ as basic standards though it may be adopted for other tanks also. a.

ASME b.

API 651 c.

API 652 d.

API 650 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

8.1.2 Number and Location of Radiographs 8.1.2.2 The following requirements apply to vertical joints. a) For butt-welded joints in which the thinner shell plate is less than or equal to 10 mm (3/8 in.) thick, one spot radiograph shall be taken in the first 3 m (10 ft) of completed vertical joint of each type and thickness welded by each welder or welding operator. The spot radiographs taken in the vertical joints of the lowest course may be used to meet the requirements of Note 3 in Figure 8.1 for individual joints. Thereafter, without regard to the number of welders or welding operators, one additional spot radiograph shall be taken in each additional 30 m (100 ft) (approximately) and any remaining major fraction of vertical joint of the same type and thickness. At least 25 % of the selected spots shall be at junctions of vertical and horizontal joints, with a minimum of two such intersections per tank. In addition to the foregoing requirements, one random spot radiograph shall be taken in each vertical joint in the lowest course (see the top panel of Figure 8.1). b) For butt-welded joints in which the thinner shell plate is greater than 10 mm (3/8 in.) but less than or equal to 25 mm (1 in.) in thickness, spot radiographs shall be taken according to Item a. In addition, all junctions of vertical and horizontal joints in plates in this thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm (2 in.) of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection. In the lowest course, two spot radiographs shall be taken in each vertical joint: one of the radiographs shall be as close to the bottom as is practicable, and the other shall be taken at random (see the center panel of Figure 8.1). c) Vertical joints in which the shell plates are greater than 25 mm (1 in.) thick shall be fully radiographed. All junctions of vertical and horizontal joints in this thickness range shall be radiographed; each film shall clearly show not less than 75 mm (3 in.) of vertical weld and 50 mm (2 in.) of weld length on each side of the vertical intersection (see the bottom panel of Figure 8.1).

8.1.2.3 One spot radiograph shall be taken in the first 3 m (10 ft) of completed horizontal butt joint of the same type and thickness (based on the thickness of the thinner plate at the joint) without regard to the number of welders or welding operators. Thereafter, one radiograph shall be taken in each additional 60 m (200 ft) (approximately) and any remaining major fraction of horizontal joint of the same type and thickness. These radiographs are in addition to the radiographs of junctions of vertical joints required by Item c of 8.1.2.2 (see Figure 8.1).

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q17. The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 inches of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a: a.minor alteration b.minor repair c.major alteration d.major repair Q18. The difference between peaking and banding is: a.peaking pertains to the roof; b.banding is external to the tank; c.peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to horizontal weld seams; d.peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical weld seams.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q19. The minimum (maximum?) interval for external inspection by a qualified inspector is ____ years or at the quarter corrosion-rate life of the shell, whichever is less: a.Twenty b.Five c.Ten d.Fifteen Q20. The minimum retirement thickness of an annular plate ring is usually greater than: a. b. c. d.

0.10 inch 0.25 inch 0.0625 inch 0.1875 inch

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Exercise-005 Closed Book

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q1. a. b. c. d.

Guided bend test represents: Ductility of weld Strength of weld Soundness of weld Both soundness and ductility of weld

Q2. a. b. c. d.

All positions of groove welds are qualified by pipe positions 1G and 5G pipe positions 2G and 5G pipe position 6G only b and c

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q3.

According to ASME Sec. IX, A welder for SMAW can be qualified by following minimum tests: a.

1 tensile and 2 bend tests b.

2 bend tests only c.

2 tensile tests and 1 bend tests d.

1 tensile and 1 radiography Q4.

Procedure Qualification Record is a document which can be revised time to time. a. b. c. d.

True False Depends on company policy Depends on client of the company

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5. a. b. c. d.

Use of Radiography is made for: Performance qualification only.

Procedure qualification only Both a and b Use of Radiography is not permitted by ASME Sec. IX.

Q6. a. b. c. d.

Procedure Qualification is done by: 1 Tensile and 2 bend tests 1 tensile and 1radiography 1 bend test and 1 radiography 2 Tensile and 4 bend tests

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q7.

Which of the following represent grouping of weld-metals in ASME IX? a. P - Nos b. F - Nos c. S - Nos d. A - Nos Q8. For A 516 gr 60 (SMTS = 60000 psi) material, following results were obtained for two tensile test specimens in PQR qualification.

Specimen T1: failed in B.M. at 57,400 psi Specimen T2: failed in weld metal, at 59,500 psi Your assessment is: a. PQR test is ok since both are within acceptance criteria b. PQR test is rejected as both T1 and T2 are not within acceptance criteria c. PQR in rejected because T1 is ok but T2 has failed d. PQR in rejected because T1 is failed thoughT2 is ok

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q9.

Based on a measured corrosion of 0.006" annually and using a corrosion allowance of 0.120", what is the interval for the next UT thickness measurements on shell are required for AST? (a) (b) (c) (d)

10 years 6.5 years 20 years 15 years

Q10. Per API 650, calculation of shell thickness by the 1-foot method cannot be used for tanks: (a) Under 200 ft. in diameter (b) Over 200 ft. in diameter (c) Under 150 ft. in diameter (d) Of any size

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q11. Impressed current system results in following advantages compared to Galvanic System. a.

Can be used for large structures b.

Maintenance cost is lower c.

Installation is cheaper and easier d.

No external power supply required Q12. Power source for impressed current system shall be checked at intervals not exceeding: a.

Annually b.

Six months c.

Two months d.

Five years

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q13. a. b. c. d.

Thick film lining means thickness: Greater than 10 mils Equal or greater than 20 mils Greater than 20 mils Equal or greater than 10 mils

Q14. Sand blasting and painting operations shall not be performed if humidity exceeds: a. b. c. d.

90% 80% 85% 95%

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q15. Which of the following statement is correct? a) Soil resistivity is a measure of resistance offered by soil to drilling operation for oil exploration and it has no connection with corrosivity of soil. b) Lower soil resistivity indicates less corrosive soil. c) Soil resistivity has nothing to do with corrosiveness of soil because soil corrosion depends on the amount of corrosive chemicals present in the soil. d) Higher soil resistivity indicates less corrosive soil.

Q16.

The preferred method for inspecting non-metallic coating is: a. Visual inspection only b. Holiday detection c. M.P. check d. D.P. check

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q17. The accuracy of a piece of magnetizing equipment that is equipped with an ammeter shall be verified: a. b. c. d.

Each year Each two years When possible Every 6 months

Q18.

It is decided to carryout a surface NDT for austenitic S.S. welds.

Choose a best combination. a. b. c. d.

Penetrant testing with Halogen free developer Penetrant testing with any aqueous developer Magnetic particle testing with wet particles Magnetic particle testing with dry particles

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q19. use:

In ultrasonic testing, for thickness measurement on corroded surface,

a. b. c. d.

CRT read out Digital read out Any of above None of above

Q20.

For which of the following can yoke technique be used?

a. b. c. d.

Sub-surface cracks Surface cracks Both a and b For none of a and b

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Exercise-006 Closed Book

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q1. Which condition below best describes the result of tensile tests reported on the PQR? a.Test T1 & T2 are acceptable b.Test T1 & T2 are unacceptable c.Test T1 is acceptable & T2 is unacceptable d.Test T1 is unacceptable & T2 is acceptable Q2. What condition below describes the results of the guided bend test? a.The three bend test is acceptable and the fourt one is not acceptable b.The test result overall is acceptable c.The test result is not acceptable due to the linear indication d.The bend test result is indeterminable

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q3. a. b. c. d.

The minimum qualified preheat temperature for the WPS is: 200° F 100° F 75° F 5 mm (3/16”)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q4.The full course width for shell plate as per API 650 shall be minimum a. b. c. d.

72” 96” 60” 90”

Q5.In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been defined as distinct activities. State which of the following activities does not constitute an Alteration? a) The addition of man-ways and nozzles greater than NPS 12 b) Increase and decrease in tank shell height c) Replacement of damaged flange on nozzle by flange of same size and material d) All of the above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q6.In accordance with API Standard 653, Repairs and Alteration have been defined as distinct activities. Activity which entails any work necessary to maintain or restore a Tank to a condition suitable for safe operation. State which of the following activities does not constitute a Repair? a. b. c. d.

Re-leveling and/or jacking of a Tank shell, bottom or roof Addition of reinforcing plate/s to existing shell penetration/s.

Changing the content with higher specific gravity Repair of flaws, such as tears or gouges, by grinding followed by welding

Q7.In accordance with API Standard 653, Critical Zone for repairs to a Tank Bottom is that portion, which is, a. b. c. d.

Measured vertically upwards along shell, within 6” of tank bottom.

Measured radially inward, within 3” of the inside edge of shell.

Measured radially outward within 1 ½” of outside edge of shell.

A circular area measurable radially within 12” from centre of tank bottom.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q8.

Normally the corrosion rates of the Tank Bottom control the inspection intervals, which are based on the actual or anticipated rates of corrosion. In the case of a Tank, where corrosion rates are not known, and where similar service experience is not available, the actual thickness of the Bottom is to be determined by due inspections within: a.

20 years b.

5 years c.

10 years d.

2 years Q9.

In case of the following conditions, the risk of failure by brittle fracture in an AST built to API Standards is minimal: a.

Tank shell thickness 5/8” and shell metal temperatures at 20ºF and above b.

Tank shell thickness ½” and shell metal temperatures at 60ºF and above c.

Tank shell thickness ¾” and shell metal temperatures at 32ºF and above d.

Tank shell thickness 1” and shell metal temperatures at 0ºF and above Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q10.As per API Standard 653, a routine, in-service, close visual external inspection of an above ground storage tank (AST) shall be done, at an interval not exceeding: a. One year b. Five years c. One month d. Ten years Q11.An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75�; and its minimum required thickness is 0.5�. The known rate of corrosion of shell is 5 mils per year. As per API Standard 653, when should the external visual inspection by an Authorized Inspector shall be carried out at an interval not exceeding: b. One year c. Five years d. Twelve & Half years e. Ten years 6.3.2 External Inspection 6.3.2.1 All tanks shall be given a visual external inspection by an authorized inspector. This inspection shall be called the external inspection and must be conducted at least every five years or RCA/4N years (where RCA is the difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, and N is the shell corrosion rate in mils per year) whichever is less. Tanks may be in operation during this inspection.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q12. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum required thickness is 0.5”. The rate of corrosion of shell is not known. As per API Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness measurement shall be carried out at an interval not exceeding: a. b. c. d.

One year Five years Six & Half years Ten years

Q13. An AST has a measured shell thickness of 0.75”; and its minimum required thickness is 0.5”. The known rate of corrosion of shell is 5 mils per year. As per API Standard 653, the external ultrasonic thickness measurement shall be carried out at an interval not exceeding , a. One year b. Twenty five years c. Fifteen years d. Ten years

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q14. Corrosion on the bottom side of floor plates in aboveground storage tanks is affected most by: a. composition of the contents stored in the tank. b. welding procedures used during construction of the tank c. the metal used for construction of the tank floor d. soil characteristics directly underneath the tank.

Q15. If arc strikes, gouges, or tears from temporary attachments are identified, they: a. must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. b. must be repaired by welding with an appropriate repair procedure. c. must be repaired by removing the plate area containing the scars and welding in a butt-welded patch. d. are acceptable, provided they are more than 2 feet from any weld seam.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q16.When a tank is being dismantled for relocation, the roof, shell, and bottom plates may be cut: a. to one-half the size of the original plates b. along the existing weld seams for transportation to the new site. c. to a size no smaller than one-half the maximum weight allowed by the transporting vehicle including the crane. d. to any size suitable for transportation Q17.According to API 653, authorized inspection agency is: a) Inspection organization of jurisdiction b) Inspection organisation of Insurance company which under writes insurance of storage tanks c) Inspection organization of owner-operator d) Any of above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q18. For all repairs and alterations under API 653, the ultimate responsibility rests with: a.Owner-operator b.API Committee c.API-653 Inspector d.Jurisdiction authority 19.

In API-653, the term “RBI “means: a.Repairing Before Inspection b.Report Based Inspection c.Repair Based Inspection d.Risk Based Inspection

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q20. a. b. c. d.

Partial or complete jacking of a tank shell is considered: Routine maintenance.

A alteration.

A repair.

None of the above

Q21. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is filled-up by welding overlay.

There is no change in the rating and no change is made on the nameplate.

Which of the following is the correct term to describe this process? a.

Repair b.

Alteration c.

Can be repair or alteration d.

Neither repair or alteration

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q22. Under which of the conditions listed below is external inspection of tank bottom plate permitted to be done in lieu of internal inspection? a) In cases where construction size or other aspects allow external access to the tank bottom to determine bottom plate thickness. b) External inspection to determine bottom plate thickness is never permitted in lieu of internal inspection. c) For tanks made of materials which have excellent chemical resistance d) All of the above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Exercise-007 Closed Book

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q1.

A hydrostatic test for a relocated tank:

a. b. c. d.

May be waived by the Owner/Operator Is required May be waived by the Inspector Is not necessary

Q2.

Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from:

a. b. c. d.

A cathode to anode An anode to cathode Both installations are acceptable Neither of a and b

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q3.

During the hydrostatic test, no less than _______ settlement measurement points shall be surveyed. a. b. c. d.

8 10 15 5

Q4.

Reinforcement pads shall be tested by applying pressure between the tank shell and reinforcement plate using the telltale hole. How much pressure is used to perform this inspection? a. b. c. d.

15 psig hydrostatic pressure 15 psig pneumatic pressure 5 psig hydrostatic pressure 5 psig pneumatic pressure

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5.

Which tests are usually conducted to verify acceptability of shell to bottom plate welds? a. b. c. d.

Diesel test RT Vacuum box test “a” and “c”

Q6. a b. c. d.

Except for cast iron parts, internal coils and supports may be: dye penetrant tested leak tested hammer tested magnetic particle tested

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q7.

At the next out-of-service inspection on a tank that has had a hot tap performed, the visual inspection should include: a. b. c. d.

size of the hot tap nozzle holes thickness of the plate at the hot tap height of the hot tap from the tank bottom trimming of the hot tap nozzle holes

Q8.

The term “windgirder� is applicable for which type of tanks?

a. b. c. d.

Tanks which a wind measuring device installed at the top of the tank.

High octane fuel tanks Tanks with floating roofs None of the above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q9.

Industry experience and laboratory test have shown that a membrane stress in tank shell plates of at least _______ is required to cause failure due to brittle fracture? a. b. c. d.

500 psi 100 Mpa 7 ksi 18 kg/mm2

Q10. Which of the following is an advantage of magnetic particle testing over penetrant testing? a. them b. c. d.

it can detect surface discontinuities with foreign material imbedded in It is faster on individual parts It can detect near-surface discontinuities All of the above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q11. Which of the following types of discontinuities is not normally detected by radiography? a. b. c. d.

Cracks Incomplete penetration Laminations Slag

Q12.

The reason for periodical inspection of ASTs is to:

a. b. c. d.

Determine their physical condition Determine the rate of deterioration Maintain safe operating conditions All of the above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q13.

Resistance of grounding connection shall not be,

a. b. c. d.

more than 25 Ohms less than 1 Meg-Ohm less than 25 Ohms more than 5 Ohms

Q14.

Internal inspection is primarily to:

a. b. c. d.

All of the below Ensure that the bottom is not corroded and leaking; Gather data for shell assessment Identify and evaluate bottom settlement.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q15.

Vacuum box tests require ____ psig of partial vacuum.

a. b. c. d.

3.0 psi 15 psi 21 psi 30 psi

Q16. The API 653 standard covers the maintenance inspection, repairs, alteration, relocation and reconstruction of tanks constructed to which one of the following standards: a.

ASME b.

API 651 c.

API 652 d.

API 650

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q17. The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 inches of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a :a. b. c. d.

minor alteration minor repair major alteration major repair

Q18. The difference between peaking and banding is: a. peaking pertains to the roof; b. banding is external to the tank; c. peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to horizontal weld seams; d. peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical weld seams.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q19. The minimum interval for external inspection by a qualified inspector is ____ years or at the quarter corrosion-rate life of the shell, whichever is less: a.Twenty b.Five c.Ten d.Fifteen Q20. The minimum retirement thickness of an annular plate ring is usually greater than: a.

0.10 b.

0.25 c.

0.0625 d.

0.1875

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Exercise-008 Closed Book

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q1.

Guided bend test represents:

a. b. c. d.

Ductility of weld Strength of weld Soundness of weld Both soundness and ductility of weld

Q2. a. b. c. d.

All positions of groove welds are qualified by pipe positions 1G and 5G pipe positions 2G and 5G pipe position 6G only b and c

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q3.

According to ASME Sec. IX, A welder for SMAW can be qualified by following minimum tests: a.

1 tensile and 2 bend tests b.

2 bend tests only c.

2 tensile tests and 1 bend tests d.

1 tensile and 1 radiography Q4.

Procedure Qualification Record is a document which can be revised time to time. a. b. c. d.

True False Depends on company policy Depends on client of the company

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5.

Use of Radiography is made for:

a. b. c. d.

Performance qualification only.

Procedure qualification only Both a and b Use of Radiography is not permitted by ASME Sec. IX.

Q6.

Procedure Qualification is done by:

a. b. c. d.

1 Tensile and 2 bend tests 1 tensile and 1radiography 1 bend test and 1 radiography 2 Tensile and 4 bend tests

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q7. a. b. c. d.

Which of the following represent grouping of weld-metals in ASME IX ?

P - Nos F - Nos S - Nos A - Nos

Q8.

For A 516 gr 60 (SMTS = 60000 psi) material, following results were obtained for two tensile test specimens in PQR qualification.

Specimen T1: failed in B.M. at 57,400 psi Specimen T2: failed in weld metal, at 59,500 psi Your assessment is: a. b. criteria c. d.

PQR test is ok since both are within acceptance criteria PQR test is rejected as both T1 and T2 are not within acceptance PQR in rejected because T1 is ok but T2 has failed PQR in rejected because T1 is failed thoughT2 is ok

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q9.

Based on a measured corrosion of 0.006" annually and using a corrosion allowance of 0.120", how long before the next UT thickness measurements are required? (a) (b) (c) (d)

10 years 6.5 years 20 years 15 years

Q10. Per API 650, calculation of shell thickness by the 1-foot method cannot be used for tanks: (a) under 200 ft. in diameter (b) over 200 ft. in diameter (c) under 150 ft. in diameter (d) of any size

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Exercise-009 Closed Book

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q1. a. b. c. d.

Open-top type tanks (with floating roof) are typically storing petroleum products that are : Non-volatile Heavy distillates (e.g. Bitumen, asphalt etc) Volatile All of above

Q2. a. b. c. d.

The term “Critical Zone� in storage tanks refers to: Lower part of shell interior, which is welded to bottom Upper part of shell interior, which is welded to roof Lower part of roof exterior, which is welded to shell Annular part of bottom interior, which is welded to shell

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

adopted for

Q3.

API 650 code is tank construction code for: a. Atmospheric Storage tanks b. Tanks with pressure up to 15 psig c. Aboveground tanks including Refrigerated tanks d. All of above Q4.

The terms “Sketch plates” and “annular plates” refer to _____Plates in: a. Tank roof b. Tank bottom c. Tank shell d. None of above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5. a. b. c. d.

Hydrostatic testing of tank shells is: Basically water fill test Conducted at 1.1 times the static column pressure of product Conducted at 1.0 times the static column pressure of product Highest Pressure value of a, b, c above

Q6.

Internal inspection of tanks during shut-down is essentially ____ for inspection of: Tank roof Tank bottom Tank shell Tank Nozzles

a. b. c. d.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q7. a. b. c. d.

During tank inspection, the inspector should be more strict ____ while inspecting: The shell Horizontal welds The shell vertical welds Both a and b. are equally critical The roof welds

Q8. a. b. c. d.

Cathodic protection is provided to tanks normally for guarding The tank shell against product corrosion The tank bottom against product corrosion The tank bottom against soil corrosion Both b and c

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

the:

Q9. For the new tanks to be constructed to the API 650-Basic _____ Standard, radiography for shell butt-welds is: a. Optional and its extent depends on the Joint efficiency used for design b. Optional and its extent depends on the Plate thickness used for shell c. Mandatory and its extent depends on Joint efficiency used for design d. Mandatory and its extent depends on the plate thickness used for shell Q10. a. b. c. d.

“Vacuum box testing� is Typical testing, normally applied for: Bottom welds Mandatory for shell welds, optional for bottom welds Mandatory for shell welds, optional for roof welds Pad testing

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q11.When the tank is empty, the floating roof of open-top tank is a.

At its top-most position b.

Resting on the bottom c.

Resting on the legs d.

May be at any location Q12.Since the tank is neither a pressure vessel, nor the piping, the welding procedures and welders for API 650 tanks are qualified as per: a.

AWS D 1.1 b.

API 1104 c.

Still use ASME IX d.

Any of above is OK

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q13. Which of the following is/are mandatory appurtenances for Storage tanks? a.

Tank level gauge b.

Tank vents c.

Pressure guage d.

Temperature gauge / thermometer Q14.Hot tapping for the tanks are provided in: a.

Vapour space only b.

Liquid space only c.

Any of a or b d.

Hot taps are not permitted for storage tanks.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q15. API 650 covers: a. Cylindrical, welded, above ground tanks only b. Cylindrical welded and riveted tanks c. Cylindrical & rectangular, welded & riveted tanks d. Cylindrical & rectangular, aboveground and underground tanks

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Exercise-010 Closed Book

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q1.The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 inches of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a: (a) minor alteration; (b) minor repair; (c) major alteration; (d) major repair.

Q2.

A single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a Cobalt60 source. The minimum permitted density in the area of interest is: a.

4.0 b.

1.8 (x-ray) c.

2.0 (Îł-ray) d.

1.3

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q3.Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from: a.

A cathode to anode b.

An anode to cathode c.

Both installations are acceptable d.

Neither of a and b Q4. __________ is a change from previous operating conditions involving different properties of the stored product such as specific gravity or corrosivity and / or different service conditions of temperature and / or pressure: (a) Re-rating; (b) Change in service; (c) Repair; (d) Reconstruction

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5. Describe how a liquid penetrant examination should be performed in order to detect discontinuities which are open to the surface. a. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, remove excess penetrant, inspect the part, clean the part b. Clean the part, apply penetrant, remove excess penetrant, apply the developer, inspect the part, clean the part c. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, remove excess penetrant, clean the part d. Clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, clean the part Q6. A radiographic technique in which radiation passed through two walls and both the walls are viewed on the same radiograph (double wall, double image – ellipse) the limitation for the outside diameter is: a. 3-1/2” b. 2” c. 4” d. Any diameter possible

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q7. a. b. c. d.

Information needed when determining the rate of corrosion: Original thickness or last inspection thickness Current thickness Length of time in service All the above

Q8.

The maximum acceptable undercutting for base metal in reconstructed tank for horizontal welds is:

(a) 1/64";

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

(b) 1/32";

(c) 1/16";

(d) 1/8"

Q9. Tank was inspected in 1985 and the thickness was observed to be 0.32 inch. The thickness observed during inspection in 1995 was 0.30 inch. What is corrosion rate? a. 2 mpy b. 20 mpy c. 0.2 mpy d. 1 mpy Q10. If remaining corrosion allowance (RCA) at present is 0.05 inch, the next thickness inspection (UT) due for above tank shall not be later than: a. 10 years b. 15 years c. 6 years d. 12.5 years Interval = RCA/2N

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q11. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is repaired by welding overlay.

There is no change in the rating and no change is made on the nameplate.

Which of the following is the correct term to describe this process? a.

Reconstruction b.

Repair c.

Alteration d.

None of the above Q12. The maximum interval between internal inspections shall not exceed ____ years when corrosion rate is known: (a) 10; (b) 20; (c) 5; (d) 15.

Q13. a. b. c. d.

Hot taps are not permitted under which of the following conditions?

On plates requiring PWHT. On ultrasonically sound plate On tanks with dia. more than 80 feet.

None of the above.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q14. A tank of 160 ft diameter is to be checked for shell settlement. Minimum number of equally spaced settlement points to be checked will be: a. 16 b. 20 c. 24 d. 12 Q15. For a tank made by reconstruction, under what circumstances may a new shell-to-bottom weld be exempt from hydrostatic testing? a. When the root pass has been visually inspected and the final weld is fully examined, visually and radiographically. b. Reconstructed tank is never exempted from hydrostatic testing. c. When the root pass has been visually inspected and the final weld is fully examined, visually and by vacuum box. d. When the welding method has been reviewed and approved by an engineer experienced in tank design in accordance with API Standard 650.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q16. In atmospheric conditions, bottom coatings may be applied if the steel temperature is: a.

2⁰F above the dew point b.

5⁰F below the dew point. c.

10⁰F above the dew point. d.

At the dew point.

Q17. Procedure qualification for welding during repair of tanks is done in accordance with: a.

AWS D1.1 b.

API 1104 c.

ASME Section IX d.

All of the above

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q18. Widely scattered pits may be ignored under the following conditions a. Where the service fluid is corrosive or hard to hold. b. If sum of pit lengths along any 8� vertical line does not exceed 2� c. When no pit has depth which results in the minimum thickness being less than one-half the minimum acceptable thickness of the shell plate exclusive of corrosion allowance d. b and c Q19. For verification of radiographic sensitivity and image quality, which of the following are used: a. Cassettes b. Penetrameters c. Cameras d. Collimators

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Q20. a. b. c. d.

Internal corrosion in the vapour space above liquid level occurs due to: Hydrogen Sulphide vapour Water vapour Oxygen Any combination of the above three

Q21. API 650: Appendix M provides requirements for Tanks designed to operate at the following range of temperatures: a.

Exceeding 260⁰C b.

Above 90° - 260⁰C c.

Below 90°C d.

Below 0°C

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Q22. a. b. c. d.

Q23. a. b. c. d.

For a reconstructed tank as per API 653 Verticality (out-of-plumbness) of top of the shell shall not exceed, 1/300 of total tank height 1/250 of total tank height 1/400 of total tank height None of the above When lining is applied to bottom on inside of tank, the lining shall extend ___________ up the shell.

6” min 12” min 18” min 3” min

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Q24. Hot tap can be performed on: a. Vapour space in the shell b. On the roof c. In the shell below liquid level d. Anywhere on the tank Q25. a. b. c. d.

A radiograph was having density near the penetrameter equal to 3.0.

Hence the acceptable density range of the radiograph is: 1.7 to 4 2.55 to 3.9 2.0 to 4.0 None of the above

T-282.2 Density Variation (a) General. If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of the hole IQI or adjacent to the designated wire of a wire IQI, within the minimum/maximum allowable density ranges specified in T-282.1, then an additional IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph retaken. When calculating the allowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the range specified in T- 82.1.

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Q26. a. b. c. d.

Q27. a. b. c. d.

The examiner for conducting magnetic particle testing on the tank welds shall be: Qualified as per ASNT Level II or III Able to read Jagger-2 Qualified as per ASME Sec. V None of the above In atmospheric conditions, grit blasting can be done at temperature of at least: 2째F above the dew point.

5째F below the dew point 5째F above the dew point At the dew point

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Q28. How many equally spaced measurements are required for the thickness averaging technique? (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3 Q29. How many specimens must be used for impact tests from a single test coupon or test location? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 Q30. (a) 2

Hydrostatic tests shall be held for ____ hours for the reconstructed tank. (b) 8 (c) 24 (d) 72

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Q31. In a radiographic film of a weld, how is back scatter checked? (a) By use of a penetrameter (b) By film density (c) Using lead letter “B� (d) All of the above Q32. In general, if shell thickness does not exceed ____ inch, it does not require further assessment for brittle fracture: (a) 0.25 (b) 0.75 (c) 1.00 (d) 0.50

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Q33. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Potential for brittle fracture exists for tanks constructed according to: API 650 – 7th edition API 650 – latest edition API 650 – 4th edition None of the above

Q34. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Three types of external inspections are: Scheduled, routine and liquid penetrant Scheduled, routine and UT thickness Scheduled out of service, routine and UT thickness Unscheduled, routine and liquid penetrant

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Q35. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Welders qualifications shall expire as they do not weld: Within a given process for a 6 month period Using a given procedure for a 6 month period; On a tank for 6 months; For a 3 month period.

Q36. What are penetrameters used for: (a) A penetrameter is used for radiographic technique in that it serves as an image quality indicator (b) It indicates the magnetic properties of the materials (c) To check penetrant quality in PT inspection (d) To check weld penetration during welding

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q37. Unless otherwise agreed to by the purchaser, what is the minimum nominal width of a shell plate? (a) 36 inches (b) 48 inches (c) 72 inches (d) 96 inches Q38. “Each vertical weld must be radiographed (either spot or full radiography) for the bottom shell course (i.e., course no. 1) for all tanks constructed to current API 650 Basic Standard.” This statement is: a.

False b.

True c.

Whether any radiography is required or not depends on shell thickness. d.

Depends on tank design Engineer’s opinion

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q39. According to ASME Sec. IX, welding filler metals are grouped into groupings (based on their usability) as: (a) P-numbers (b) F-numbers (c) Z-numbers (d) ASTM spec.

Q40. When reviewing a radiograph, a light image of the letter B can be seen on the film with dark background. (a) This is cause for rejection (b) This is not cause for rejection (c) This is the same as a light letter B (d) An unusual safety hazard existed during the exposure

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Q41.Which of the following penetrant system is generally considered least sensitive? a. Water-washable – visible dye b. Solvent removable – visible dye c. Water-washable – fluorescent dye d. Post-emulsification – visible dye Q42.The nondestructive examination method to be used for a particular inspection should be determined by the: a. Availability of certified NDE examiners b. Length of time since the last inspection c. Age of the component to be inspected d. Type, location, and orientation of the expected flaws

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Q43. Out of the following four options in LPT, most sensitive results can be obtained by: a. Visible penetrant – water washable b. Fluroscent penetrant – post emulsifying type c. Visible – solvent removable type d. Visible – post emulsifying type Q44. A PQR was qualified in 5G position using a new welder. But production welding is to be done in 2G position. Which of the following are applicable as a minimum? a. Both procedure and welder shall be re-qualified in 2G position. b. The qualified procedure can be used ,only welder needs to be requalified c. The welder is qualified, but the procedure needs re-qualification d. Both procedure and welder need not be re-qualified.

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Q45. Minimum thickness evaluation may be conducted by? a. Use of an external micrometer only b. Ultrasonic testing c. D.P. Check b. None of above Q46. For procedure qualification documentation: a. WPS gives the procedure test data and results of tensile/bend test b. PQR gives ranges qualified by procedure test c. PQR gives procedure test data and WPS gives ranges qualified d. WPS and PQR both give test data and ranges qualified

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Q47. Identify correct statement from following: a. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure occurs at or above Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (SMTS) of base metal b. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure occurs above SMTS of base metal c. Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed even if weld metal failure occurs above 95% ( ≼ 95%) of SMTS of base metal d. None of the above QW153-1 (d) if the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the weld or weld interface, the test shall be accepted as meeting the requirements, provided the strength is not more than 5% below the minimum specified tensile strength of the base metal.

Q48. When using radiographs to qualify welder, the acceptance standards used are found in: a. ASME Section V b. ASME Section IX c. ASME Section VIII d. The referencing code

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Q49. An RBI assessment can be used to alter the internal inspection strategy provided: a) RBI is performed considering likelihood of failure and consequence of failure. b) The RBI is fully documented. c) A third party conducts the RBI. d) Both “a” and “b” above Q50. You are reviewing a WPQ for a welder. The test results indicate the following: a. Satisfactory side bend b. Face bend satisfactory c. Visual satisfactory Will these tests qualify the welder? a. Yes b. No, because bend tests are not correct type. c. Not enough information given d. No, because radiography is essential for welder qualification

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Exercise-011 Assorted

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q1) __________ is a change from previous operating conditions involving different properties of the stored product such as specific gravity or corrosivity and / or different service conditions of temperature and / or pressure" (a) Re-rating; (b) Change in service; (c) Repair; (d) Reconstruction REF : API-653, - 1.5.4 ANS : (b) Q2) A __________ is a device used to determine the image quality of a radiograph. (a) A step wedge comparison film; (b) A densitometer; (c) A penetramter (d) All of the above.

REF : Section V, T-233 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q3) A corroded roof plate is found to have an average thickness of 0.1" measured over an area of 100 sq. inches. This area shall be :(a) Repaired or replaced; (b) Found to be acceptable; (c) Repair is prohibited; (d) Replacement is mandated REF : API-653, 2.2.1.2 ANS : (b) Q4) A double-welded butt joint is defined as :(a) A joint between two members that intersect at an angle between 0 degrees (a butt joint) and 90 degrees (a corner joint). (b) A joint between two abutting parts lying in approximately the same plane that is welded from both sides. (c) A joint whose size is equal to the thickness of the thinner jointed member. (d) A joint between two overlapping members in which the overlapped edge is welded.

REF : 650 3.1.1.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q5) An external floating roof shall be provided with at least one manhole having a minimum inside diameter of __________ inches. (a) 18; (b) 15; (c) 24; (d) 30.

REF : 650 APP. C. 3.11 ANS : (c) Q6) A formal Visual External inspection by a qualified inspector shall be done At least :(a) Every 5 years of ¼ CR life whichever is less (b) Every 5 years of ½ CR life whichever is less (c) Every 2 years (d) Every 1- years or ¼ CR life whichever is greater REF : 653 4.3.2.1 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q7) A full hydrostatic test (when required) shall be held for __________ hours :(a) 24; (b) 8; (c) 18; (d) 12 REF : 653 10.3.1.1 ANS : (a) Q8) A full-fillet weld is a weld that :(a) not less than 1/3 the thinner plate; (b) the legs equal the thickness of the thinner plate; (c) the largest isosceles triangle that can be inscribed within the cross section of the weld (d) is at least the thickness of the thicker plate REF : API 650 3.1.1.7 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q9) A hot tap in a 1.25" thick tank with a minimum metal temperature of 65oF at time of hot tap, without having material toughness data is :(a) not permitted; (b) permitted; (c) not enough information; (d) not addressed by the code REF : API 653 – 7.13.4 & Fig. 7-5 ANS : (a) 10.4.2.3 No welding of any kind shall be performed when the surfaces of the parts to be welded are wet from rain, snow, or ice; when rain or snow is falling on such surfaces; or during periods of high winds unless the welder and the work are properly shielded. No welding of any kind shall be performed when the temperature of the base metal is less than 0 °F. When the temperature of the base metal is between 0 °F and 32 °F or the thickness is in excess of 1 in., the base metal within 3 in. of the place where welding is to be started shall be heated to a temperature warm to the hand (approximately 140 °F) before welding. (See 10.4.4.3 for preheat requirements for shell plates over 1 1/2-in. thick.)

Q10) A hydrostatic test for a relocated tank :(a) may be waived by the Owner / Operator; (b) is required; (c) may be waived by the Inspector; (d) is not necessary REF : 653 10.3.1.1 (a) ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q11) A liquid penetrant examiner must have vision to enable him to read Jagger Type 2 standard chart at a distance of not less than 12 inches and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast between colours used.

Examiners shall be checked __________ to ensure that they meet these requirements :(a) Quarterly; (b) Semi-Annually; (c) Annually; (d) Bi-Annually.

REF : 650 6.4.3 (a) ANS : (c) Q12) A procedure qualification record (PQR) shall address :(a) non-essential variables; (b) essential variables; (c) supplemental essential variables (when required); (d) both (b) and (c) REF : IX QW-200.2 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q13) A radiograph is made using an X-ray source and two films in each film holder. For composite viewing, each film of the composite shall have a minimum density of :(a) 4.0; (b) 1.8; (c) 2.0; (d) 1.3 REF : Section V, T-282.1 ANS : (b) (d?)

Q14) A reconstructed tank with a total height of 25' has been determined to have an out-of-plumbness of 2 ¾". This is :(a) acceptable; (b) unacceptable; (c) not covered by the code (d) corrected by eternal strengthening REF : API-653, 8.5.2.1 ANS : (a) Lesser of 5” or 25x12/100 = 3”

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q15) A riveted tank shell with a butt joint has 3 rows. What is the joint efficiency ? (a) 0.75"; (b) 0.85"; (c) 0.90; (d) 0.91.

REF : API-653, Table 2-1 ANS : (b) Q16) A SAW welding operator is attempting to quality by radiography on a 6 inch thick test coupon. Elongated slag inclusions are measured to be 0.2 inch long. (a) Must weld 2 additional coupons; (b) meets the requirements (passes) (c) slag must not exceed 0.5" (d) slag is not acceptable.

REF : Section IX, QW-191.2.2 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q17) A self-supporting cone roof :(a) is formed approximately to the surface of a right cone; (b) both a and d (c) has columns and / or rafters on trusses (d) is supported at the periphery.

REF : API 650 3.10.1 (a) ANS : (b) Q18) A shell to bottom fillet weld for a Grade IV material shall be (a) made with at least 2 passed; (b) may be made with 1 pass (c) shall be at least 3 / 16" (d) both (a) and (c) above REF : API 650 3.1.5.7 c ANS : (a) Q19) A single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a Cobalt-60 source. The minimum permitted density in the area of interest is : (a) 4.0; (b) 1.8; (c) 2.0; (d) 1.3.

REF : Section V, T-282 ANS : (c) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q20) A supported cone roof :(a) is formed approximately to the surface of a right cone; (b) both (a) and (c); (c) has columns and / or rafters on trusses; (d) is supported at the periphery REF : API 650 3.10.1 (a) ANS : (b) Q21) A tank bottom depression is 9.125" deep, radius of depression is 22.5 feet.

What is the maximum depth of depression ? (a) 7.825"; (b) 8.062"; (c) 8.125"; (d) 8.325" REF : 653 APP. “B” B-6 ANS : (d) BB = 0.37R = 0.37x 22.5 = 8.325”

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q22) A tank bottom lining with a measured thickness of 15 mils should be tested with :(a) A high voltage detector in accordance with NACE RP0188; (b) A low voltage (67.5 volts) wet sponge detector; (c) A calibrated Ultrasonic tester; (d) An Eddy Current lift-off detector; REF : API-652, 7.3.2 ANS : (b) Q23) A weld shall be unacceptable by Visual Inspection if the inspection shows which of the following ? a) The weld has no crater cracks or other surface cracks. b) Undercutting exceeds the limits given in 5.2.1.4 for vertical or horizontal butt joints. c) The frequency of surface porosity in the weld does not exceed one cluster (one or more pores) in any four inches of length, and the diameter of each cluster does not exceed 3/32 inch. d) All of the above; REF : 650 6.5.1 ANS : (b) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q24) A weld with a nominal thickness of 1.5 inch is to be radiographed using a film side penetrameter, hole type. The penetrameter designation should be :(a) 25; (b) 30; (c) 35; (d) Both (a) and (b) are responsible; REF : Section V, T-276 ANS : (a) Q25) A welder may deviate from the parameters specified in WPS if they are nonessential variables :(a) Provided authorization from inspection is documented; (b) Provided the welding supervisor approves; (c) No; (d) Nonessential variables only apply to PQRs REF : Section IX, QW-200.1 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q26) A welder qualifies in the 3G position on a plate coupon, he is then qualified to weld in the position(s) on NPS 6 pipe :(a) F, V; (b) F only; (c) F, V, O; (d) ALL REF : IX QW-461.9 ANS : (b) Q27) A welder who is qualified using a double-groove weld :(a) is also qualified to make a single V-groove weld without backing; (b) is also qualified to make a single V-groove weld with backing; (c) may weld in the 6G position; (d) must requalify every 2 months REF : Section IX, QW-402.2 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q28) A welder's ID must be placed at intervals not exceeding along completed welds :(a) One foot; (b) One and a half feet; (c) Two feet; (d) Three feet.

REF : API-653, 9.2.2 ANS : (d) Q29) A welding procedure qualified on Âź inch thick plate can be used to weld groove welds in materials from to :(a) 3/16 to 3/4; (b) 1/16 to 3/4; (c) 3/8 to 3/4; (d) 1/16 to 1/2.

REF : QW-451.1 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q30) A welding procedure qualified on 3/8" thick plate can be used to weld groove welds in materials :(a) 3/16 to 3/4; (b) 1/16 to 3/4; (c) 3/8 to 3/4; (d) 1/16 to 3/8.

REF : IX QW-451.1 ANS : (b) Q31) A welding procedure qualified under the 1965 ASME Code Section IX : (a) Is obsolete; (b) Is still applicable; (c) Must be re-qualified every 3 years when code is re-issued; (d) is not addressed by the code REF : Section IX Forward ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q32) Above-ground storage tank is defined as a stationary container with a barrel capacity greater than :(a) 2000 barrels; (b) 300 barrels; (c) 500 barrels; (d) 750 barrels.

REF : API 651-1.2.1 ANS : (c) Q33) Acceptance standards for MT examination shall be per :(a) AWS D-1.1; (b) SNT-TC-1A; (c) Appendix 6 of ASME Sect VII, div. 1 (d) Article 7 of ASME Sect V REF :650 6.2.4 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q34) All tanks shall be given a formal visual external inspection by an inspector at least :(a) every 3 years or at quarter corrosion rate; (b) every 5 years or at quarter corrosion rate; (c) every 3 years or at half corrosion rate; (d) every 5 years or at half corrosion rate.

REF : API-653-4.3.2.1 ANS : (b) Q35) An external inspection may be used as an alternative to the internal inspection only when :(a) operations dictate; (b) construction allows external access to the tank bottom to determine thickness; (c) all insulation is removed from the tank; (d) no alternate is allowed.

REF : 653 4.5 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q36) Anticipated minimum thickness of tank bottom where bottom / foundation design provides for leak detection and containment is :(a) 0.10"; (b) 0.05"; (c) 0.09"; (d) same as without leak detection and containment.

REF : API 653 Table 4-1 ANS : (b) Q37) Radiographic location markers are to be placed (a) on the exposure holder / cassette; (b) on the part; (c) between the part and the film; (d) either (b) or (c) above REF :ASME Section V-T375 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q38) At what design metal temperature must impact tests be made for all weld metal and procedures to be used ? (b) Below 20oF; (a) Below 32oF; (d) Below10oF. (c) Below 15oF; REF : API 650-7.2.2.4 ANS : (b) Q39) At what level is the atmosphere considered oxygen-deficient ? (a) less than 19.5 %; (b) less than 21.9 %; (c) less than 24.9 %; (d) less than 16.0 % REF : API 2015 – 3.3 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q40) Base metals are grouped into groupings according to their welding characteristics :(a) F-number; (b) AWS; (c) A-number; (d) P-number.

REF : IX QW-421 ANS : (d) Q41) Based on a measured corrosion of 0.006" annually and using a corrosion allowance of 0.120", how long before the next UT thickness measurements are required ? (a) 10 years; (b) 36.5 years; (c) 20 years; (d) 15 years.

REF : API-653 4.3.3.2 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q42) Based on variable-design point method, calculate the first course thickness, exclusive of CA, for a 200 foot diameter tank, purchaser specified specific gravity of 1, 56 feet in height, using 96 inch courses with material stress of 23,000 psi. Design is based on test conditions :(a) 0.853; (b) 0.934; (c) 1.239; (d) 1.220 REF : API 650-3.6.4 ANS : (c) Q43) Before elevating the operating temperature of a shell tank to a temperatur above 200 degrees F, what document must be considered ? (a) API RP 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage; (b) API 650, Appendix M; (c) API RO 650, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Tanks; (d) Publication 2207, Preparing Tank Bottoms for Work.

REF : API-653, 2.2.4.4 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q44) Bimetallic corrosion can occur when :(a) A bronze check valve is joined to steel piping; (b) Either stainless steel or copper is connected to a steel tank; (c) Neither (a) or (b); (d) Both (a) and (b).

REF : API 651 2.2.2 ANS : (d) Q45) Bottom leak detection :(a) can be detected by installation of cathodic protection; (b) can be detected by observation at a tell-tale hole; (c) is a hazard that can not be detected; (d) never happens when lining are properly installed.

REF : API 651 2.2.2 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q46) Bottoms exceeding 100' diameter in tanks operating above 200oF shall have :(a) butt-welded annular bottom plates; (b) be made of a Group IV, V or VI material; (c) have a modulus of elasticity of 30,000,000; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 650< M.4.1 ANS : (a) Q47) Hot works is defined as :(a) Work than can lead to fever; (b) an operation that can produce a spark or flake hot enough to ignite flammable vapours; (c) an atmosphere between the LEL and UEL; (d) both (a) and (c) above.

REF : API 2207, 1.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q48) Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from :(a) A cathode to an anode; (b) An anode to a cathode; (c) Both installations are unacceptable; (d) Neither (a) or (b).

REF : 651 5.2.1 ANS : (b) Q49) Concrete rings shall be inspected for :(a) broken concrete, spalling, cracks; (b) vegetation against tank; (c) holidays in paint; (d) only (a) and (b).

REF : API 653 Appendix C, C.1.1.1 ANS : (d).

Q50) Construction, inspection and repair records shall be maintained by the :(a) Manufacturer; (b) Inspector; (c) Owner / Operator; (d) Jurisdiction.

REF : 653 11.2.1 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q51) Describe how a liquid penetrant examination should be performed in order to detect discontinuities, which are open to the surface :a) clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, remove excess penetrant, inspect the part, clean the part; b) clean the part, apply the penetrant, remove excess penetrant, apply the developer, inspect the part, clean the part; c) clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, remove excess penetrant, clean the part; d) clean the part, apply the developer, apply the penetrant, inspect the part, clean the part.

REF : Section V-T620 ANS : (b) Q52) Determine the exact interval for ultrasonic thickness measurements for a tank with 17 mils of the original 25 mils corrosion allowance still remaining after 15 years ? (a) 5 years; (b) 15 years; (c) 23.875 years; (d) 31.875 years.

REF : 653 4.3.3.2 (c) ANS : (b) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q53) Determine the maximum allowable height for a 90 foot diameter tank based on a maximum shell plate thickness of 0.5 inch and maximum allowable stress of 21,000 psi, with a joint efficiency of 0.85, and no corrosion allowance :(a) 29.6; (b) 35.3; (c) 39.1; (d) 43.9 REF : API 650-Table A-4 ANS : (c) tmin = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE H= tminSE/(2.6xDG) +1 = 38.14â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Q54) Differential settlement leads to :(a) potential floating roof hang up; (c) oval shape at the top; REF : API 653 Appendix B.2.2.3 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

(b) lack of circularity at the top; (d) all of the above.

Q55) Distorted anchor bolts may indicate :(a) overpressure uplift condition; (b) foundation settlement; (c) both (a) and (b) above; (d) anchor bolts do not distort.

REF : API 653, 2.5.3 ANS : (c) Q56) During an inspection, you are required to calculate the retirement thickness for the bottom course of a tank. The information available is as follows :Diameter = 150 feet Height = 40 feet Specific gravity of contents = 0.77 Joint efficiency = 0.7 Material tensile strength is unknown Material tensile strength is unknown; Material maximum allowable stress is unknown. (used 23600) (a) 0.050; (b) 0.7141; (c) 0.500; (d) 0.5625 REF : API 653 2.3.3.1 ANS : (c) tmin = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE = 0.472 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q57) During hydrostatic test, no less than ______ settlement measurement points shall be surveyed :(a) 8; (b) 10; (c) 15; (d) 5.

REF : 653 10.5.1.2 ANS : (a) Q58) E7018 electrodes are classified as F number :(a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 4; (d) 5.

REF : IX QW-432 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q59) Essential variable on a welding procedure specification :(a) those in which a change, as described in the specific variables, is considered to affect the mechanical properties of the weldment; (b) variable are listed in section IX of the ASME CODE; (c) both (a) and (b) above. (d) are the same for all procedures.

REF : Section IX, QW 251.2 ANS : (c) Q60) Examiners who perform ultrasonic examinations under API-650 shall be qualified and certified by the manufacturers as meeting the requirements of certification as outlined in ? (a) ASME; (b) ASNT-TC-1A; (c) API-650; (d) API-653.

REF : 650 6.3.3 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q61) Except as modifed in Section 6 of API-650, the radiographic method employed shall be in accordance with which Section and article of the ASME code ? (a) Section II, Article 2; (b) Section III, Article 1; (c) Section V, Article 2; (d) Section IX, Article 1.

REF : 650 6.1.3.1 ANS : (c) Q62) Exclusive of corrosion allowance, what is the minimum nominal thickness for all new construction bottom plates ? (a) 1/2 inch; (b) 1/4 inch; (c) 3/16 inch; (d) 5/8 inch.

REF : API 650-3.4.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q63) Existing shells shall be analysed by experienced personnel for :a) fluid static head, internal and external pressure, wind loads, settlement and business needs; b) wind loads, settlement, fluid static head, internal and external pressure and nozzle loads; c) internal and external pressure, wind loads, fluid static head, settlement and if it convenient. d) only (a) and (b) above.

REF : API 653, 2.3.1.2 ANS : (b) Q64) External tank bottom inspection is permitted :(a) when required by the inspector; (b) only when reassembly is being done. (c) where construction, size or other aspects allow; (d) is not permitted.

REF : API-653, Table 4-1; 4.5 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q65) Find the capacity of a small tank, with a joint efficiency of 0.85, specific gravity = 1.0, no corrosion allowance, diameter is 40 feet, height is 30 feet with 5 completed 72" courses. (a) 5,370; (b) 5,140; (c) 6,710; (d) 7,350.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix A.2.2 Table A-1 ANS : (c) C = 0.14D2H Q66) Flaws such as cracks in the weld in shell-to-bottom of a tank are :(a) not critical; (b) acceptable if length is less than twice the width; (c) to be removed and repaired; (d) welded over without needing to be removed.

REF : API-653, 2.3.6 ANS : (c)

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Q68) For a 30 inch shell manhole, 0.5 inches thick shell and reinforcing plate, what minimum neck thickness is required ? (a) 3/16; (b) 3/8; (c) 1/2; (d) 5/16.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3.7.5.1 (Table 3-5) ANS : (d)

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Q69) For an existing 150 foot diameter storage tank, which has been in service for 28 years, known joint efficiency is 1.0, contents have been the same, with a specific gravity of 1.0, material yield of plate is 30,000 and tensile strength is 55,000, liquid fill level is 50 feet, calculate the minimum allowable thickness for the second course :- used S =23600psi (a) 0.6789; (b) 0.7962; (c) 0.8056; (d) 0.8156.

REF : API 653 2.3.3.1 ANS : (d) 0.809â&#x20AC;?

Q70) For butt-welded joints in which the thinner shell plate is 3/8 inch or less, how many spot radiographs shall be taken in the first 10 feet of completed vertical joint of each type and thickness welded by each welder or welding operator ? (a) One; (b) Two; (c) Three; (d) Four.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6.1.2.2 ANS : (a)

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Q72) For impact testing materials, what is the minimum transverse value of Group IV materials, 1.5" thick ? (a) 13 foot – pounds; (b) 15 foot – ponds; (c) 20 foot – pounds; (d) 25 foot – pounds; REF : API-650 Table 2-4 ANS : (c) Q73) For impact testing materials, what is the minimum longitudinal value for a 1.8" thick A-516-70 as rolled material for a WPS ? (a) 50 foot – pounds; (b) 15 foot – pounds; (c) 42 foot – pounds; (d) 40 foot – pounds.

REF : 650 7.2.2.5 or Table 2-3 ANS : (c) 35 ft-lbf

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API573-70

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Q74) For new or repaired shell horizontal joints, how many radiographs shall be taken for each 50 feet of horizontal joint, not including those required at intersections of vertical and horizontal joints ? (a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 3; (d) 5.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10.2.1.2 ANS : (a) Q75) For welds that attach nozzles, manholes, cleanout openings and permanent attachments, undercut shall not exceed ______ inch. (a) 3/32; (b) 1/8; (c) 3/16; (d) 1/64.

REF : 650 6.5.1 ANS : (d)

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Q76) Foundations of relocated tanks specified as true to horizontal plane without ringwalls shall be true :(a) ± 1/8" in any 30' and ± 1/4" in the total circumference; (b) ± 1/8" in any 30' and ± 1/2" in the total circumference; (c) ± 1/8" in any 10' and ± 1/2" in the total circumference; (d) ± 1.4" in any 30' and ± 1/2" in the total circumference.

REF : API 653 8.5.6.2 b ANS : (c) Q77) From what type of material should shims be fabricated when they are to be used to radiograph welds ? (a) Malleable materials capable of being drilled; (b) From the same heat number as the material being inspected; (c) Fabricated of radiographically similar material to the object to be inspected; (d) All of the above.

REF : Section V, T277.3 ANS : (c)

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Q78) Generally, tank bottom linings cover the entire tank bottom and extend ____ inches up the shell of the tank :(a) 10 – 15 inches; (b) 12 - 18 inches; (c) 18 – 24 inches; (d) 24 – 30 inches.

REF : API 652 4.4 ANS : (c) Q79) Hot taps are not permitted :(a) on the roof of a tank or within the gas / vapour space of a tank; (b) where heat of welding may cause environmental cracking; (c) (a) and (b); (d) (a) only.

REF : API 653 – 7.13 ANS : (c)

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Q80) Safe entry administrative controls include :(a) an emergency plan; (b) atmospheric testing; (c) ventilation procedures; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 2015, 2.1 ANS : (d) Q81) How does the calculation of minimum thickness for a riveted tank shell differ from that of a welded tank shell :a) The formula for the calculation of minimum thickness of a riveted tank shell is the same as for a welded tank shell except that the maximum allowable stress (S) is 21,000 lbs / sq. inch and the efficiency equals 1 for the shell plate 6 inches away from rivets; b) The formula for the calculation of minimum thickness of a riveted tank shell is exactly the same for a welded tank; c) The formula for the calculation of minimum thickness of a riveted tank shell is the same as for a welded tank shell except the minimum allowable stress (S) is 21,000 lbs /s q. inch and the efficiency equals 0.85 for the shell plate 6 inches away from the rivets. d) API does not set minimum thickness.

REF : API-653, 2.3.4.1 ANS : (a) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q82) How many equally spaced measurement are required for the thickness averaging technique ? (a) 2; (b) 5; (c) 4; (d) 3.

REF : API 653, 2.3.2.1 ANS : (b) Q83) How many impact specimens must be broken for an average value for P1, Group 1, 2, 3 material ? (a) 2; (b) 3; (c) 4; (d) 6.

REF : API-650, 2.2.8.3 ANS : (b)

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Q84) How many inches must project beyond the outside edge of the weld attaching t he bottom sketch plate to the shell plate ? (a) At least 1/2 inch; (b) at least 2 inches; (c) At least 9/16 inch; (d) at least 1.0 inch REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3.4.2 ANS : (d) API650: 5.4 Bottom Plates 5.4.1 All bottom plates shall have a corroded thickness of not less than 6 mm (0.236 in.) [49.8 kg/m2 (9.6 lbf/ft2) (see 4.2.1.2)]. Unless otherwise agreed to by the Purchaser, all rectangular and sketch plates (bottom plates on which the shell rests that have one end rectangular) shall have a nominal width of not less than 1800 mm (72 in.).

5.4.2 Bottom plates of sufficient size shall be ordered so that, when trimmed, at least a 50 mm (2 in.) width will project outside the shell or meet requirements given in 5.1.5.7 d whichever is greater.

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Q85) How many settlement measurement points are required for a tank that measures 200 ft. in diameter ? (a) 30; (b) 8; (c) 21; (d) 10.

REF : 653 APP. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bâ&#x20AC;? B-2 ANS : (c) 20 N = D/10 where D is the tank diameter, in feet (ft).

N is the minimum required number of settlement measurement points, but no less than eight. All values of N shall be rounded to the next higher even whole number. The maximum spacing between settlement measurement points shall be 32 ft.

Q86) How many specimens and impact tests must be performed from a single test coupon or test location ? (a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 3; (d) 4.

REF : API 650 2.2.8.3 ANS : (c)

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Q87) How many specimens must be broken for an average value for P1, Group 1, 2, 3 material ? (a) 2; (b) 3; (c) 4; (d) 6.

REF : 650 2.2.8.3 ANS : (b) Q88) Hydrochloric acid may be formed by :(a) Sodium and potassium; (b) Magnesium and calcium chlorides; (c) Calcium chlorides and sodium; (d) Potassium and Magnesium.

REF : API Chapter II, 202.022 ANS : (b) Q89) Hydrostatic tests shall be held for ____ hours :(a) 2; (b) 8; (c) 24; (d) 72.

REF : API 653 10.3.1.1 ANS : (c)

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Q90) If penetrameters are not placed adjacent to the welds, what rules apply ? a) The penetrameter should be placed on the source side of the material b) being radiographed. c) The penetrameter may be placed on the film side of the material being d) radiographed. e) Lead letter "F" at least as high as the identification number is placed f) adjacent to the film side penetrameter; g) All of the above.

REF : Section V, T277 ANS : (d) Q91) In a radiographic film of a weld, how is film sensitivity or quality measured ? (a) by use of a penetrameter; (b) by film density; (c) comparing to known defects; (d) all of the above.

REF : Section V, T282, T283 ANS : (a)

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Q92) In a riveted tank shell, a butt joint has 3 rows. What is the joint efficiency ? (a) 0.75; (b) 0.85; (c) 0.90; (d) 0.91.

REF : 653 Table 2-1 ANS : (b) Q93) In accordance with Section V, intensifying screens :(a) Can always be used; (b) Can be used unless restricted by the referencing Code; (c) Can never be used; (d) Can be used only with Type 1 film.

REF : Section V T-232 ANS : (b)

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Q94) In general, if shell thickness does not exceed ____ inch, it does not require further assessment for brittle fracture :(a) 0.25; b) 0.75; (c) 1.00; (d) 0.50 REF : 653 Notes for FIG. 3-1 ANS : (d) Q95) In tank floors, the maximum depth of bulge or edge settlement is dependent upon :(a) Floor thickness; (b) The radius of an inscribed circle in the area; (c) tank diameter; (d) Tank height.

REF : 653 APP. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bâ&#x20AC;?

ANS : (b) Q96) Information needed when determining the rate of corrosion :(a) Original thickness or last inspection thickness; (b) Current thickness; (c) Length of time in service; (d) All of the above.

REF : AI 653, ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q97) Inspection history as required in the tank records is :(a) all measurements taken, condition of all parts inspected and a record of all tests and examinations; (b) personnel certification; (c) training records; (d) the as built record from the erector.

REF : API 653, 4.8.3 ANS : (a) Q98) ______ inspection may be substituted for a program of external UT thickness measurements :(a) Hydrostatic; (b) External; (c) Acoustic; (d) Internal.

REF : 653 4.3.3.3 ANS : (d)

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Q99) Inspection of emergency P/V hatches includes :(a) Servicing; (b) Removing oil from seals; (c) Action to prevent chattering; (d) Only (a) and (c) above.

REF : API 653, appendix C.2.7.4 ANS : (d) Q100) Inspection of insulation :(a) is not required; (b) is done in routine in-service inspections; (c) requires material traceability records; (d) only (b) and (c) above.

REF : API 653, 4.3.1.3 ANS : (b)

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Q101) Insulated tanks shall have their insulation removed :(a) completely prior to inspection; (b) yearly; (c) from welded joints only; (d) to extent necessary to determine the external condition.

REF : 653 4.3.2.2 ANS : (d) Q102) Interference current problems in cathodic protection are can be approached by :(a) drainage of collected current to sacrificial anodes; (b) design to mimnimise exposure; (c) provide metallic return of collected current to a foreign structured; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 651 8.4.1 ANS : (d)

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Q103) Internal inspection intervals are determined by corrosion rates. Normally, the corrosion rates govern :(a) roof; (b) upper shell; (c) bottom; (d) lower shell.

REF : API 653 4.4.2.1 ANS : (c) Q104) Internal inspection intervals normally :(a) are controlled by bottom corrosion rates; (b) shall not exceed 20 years; (c) owner / user is free to set any convenient material; (d) both (a) and (b) above.

REF : API 653 4.4.2.1 ANS : (d)

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Q105) Internal inspection is primarily to :(a) all of the below; (b) Ensure that the bottom is not corroded and leaking; (c) Gather data for assessment; (d) Identify and evaluate bottom settlement.

REF : API â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 653, 4.4.1 ANS : (a) Q106) Intervals between internal inspections shall be determined by the corrosion rate. Normally, bottom corrosion rates control the inspection interval. However, in no case shall the interval inspection interval exceed ____ years :(a) 10; (b) 15; (c) 20; (d) 25.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4.4.2.1 ANS : (c)

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Quick Reminder Corrosiveness ohm/cm  <500 Very corrosive  500-1000 corrosive  1000-2000 moderately corrosive  2000-1000 mildly corrosive  >10000 progressive less corrosive

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Q107) Letters and numerals on nameplates shall not be less than inch high. (a) 5/32; (b) 5/16; (c) 3/16; (d) 1/8.

REF : 650 8.1.1 ANS : (a) Q108) Liquid penetrant examiners shall be qualified in accordance with ____ :(a) ASME Section VIII, div. 1 Appendix 8. (b) API 650; (c) ASNT proc. SNT-TC-1A (d) ASME SECTION V, Art 6.

REF : 650 6.4.3 ANS : (b) Q109) Magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure that is in compliance with the requirements of :(a) ASME Section V, Art. 7; (b) ASME Sectin IX, Art. 2; (c) SNT-TC-1A; (d) Appendix C, API 653.

REF : 650 6.2.1 ANS : (a) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q110) Measurement of film thickness of tank bottom linings are taken :(a) only when the film has completely dried; (b) both before and after the film has dried; (c) in accordance with ASNT; (d) only if there is reason to believe it is thin.

REF : API-652, 7.3.2.2 ANS : (b).

Q111) Minimum spacing between toes of welds for a radius (R) on a penetration and other welds of 1.25" plate must be :(a) 6"; (b) 7.5"; (c) 3"; (d) 1.25" REF : API 653 Figure 7-1 ANS : (b)

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Figure 9.1â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Acceptable Details for Replacement of Shell Plate Material

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SSPC-SP1—Solvent Cleaning.

SSPC-SP3—Power Tool Cleaning.

SSPC-SP5 or NACE 1—White Metal Blast Cleaning.

SSPC-SP6 or NACE 3—Commercial Blast Cleaning.

SSPC-SP7 or NACE 4—Brush-Off Blast Cleaning.

SSPC-SP10 or NACE 2—Near-White Blast Cleaning.

SSPC-SP11—Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal.

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q112) Minimum thickness calculation for shells of tanks 200 ft. or less in diameter shall be done using ____ :(a) the variable design point method of API 650; (b) ASME section VII, div. 1; (c) the formula given in API 653; (d) either (a) or (c) may be used.

REF : 653 2.3.3.2 ANS : (d) Q113) Acceptance criteria for NDT of reconstructed tanks are to be in accordance with :(a) ASME Section VIII; (b) ASME Section V; (c) API 653; (d) API 650.

REF : API 650 6.1.5, 6.2.4, 6.3.4 ANS : (d)

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Q114) Of the following welding processes, which one is not permitted for welding on above ground storage tanks :(a) SMAW; (b) GMAW; (c) OFW; (d) SAW. REF : 650 5.2.1.1 ANS : (c) Q115) On plates more than 3/16 inch thick, the fillet weld thickness shall not be less than 1/3 the thickness of the thinner plat at the joint and shall be At least :(a) 1/2 inch; (b) 1/4 inch; (c) 3/16 inch; (d) 9/32 inch.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3.1.3.3 ANS : (c) Q116) On the drawing that the manufacturer shall furnish the purchase, you would expect to see which of the following information :a) The required shell thickness for both the design condition (including corrosiono allowance) and the hydrostatic test condition; b) The nominal thickness used; c) The material specification and allowable stresses; d) All the above.

REF : 650 3.6.1.8 ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q117) Opening in tank shells larger than required to accommodate a _____ inch standard-weight coupling shall be reinforced :(a) 1.0 inch; (b) 1.5 inch; (c) 2.0 inch; (d) 2.5 inch.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3.7.2.1 ANS : (c) Q118) Pan-type, pontoon-type and double-deck-type are examples of :(a) internal roofs; (b) external roofs; (c) both internal and external roofs; (d) roofs on tanks < 200' in dia.

REF : API 650 appendixes C & H ANS : (c)

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Q119) Per API 650, calculation of shell thickness by the 1-foot method cannot be for tanks :(a) under 200 ft. in diameter; (b) over 200 ft. in diameter; (c) under 150 ft. in diameter. (d) of any size.

REF : 650 3.6.3.1 ANS : (b) Q120) Pinhole leaks or porosity in tank bottom joints may be repaired by :(a) grinding and out area; (b) penning over affected area; (c) applying additional weld bead over area; (d) mechanical caulking.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5.4.2 ANS : (c)

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Q121) Piping connections such as nozzles shall be inspected for :(a) structural adequacy; (b) thickness of component; (c) reinforcement; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 653, 2.3.9 ANS : (d) Q122) Plate material thicker than ____ inches shall be normalised or quench tempered, killed, made to fine grain practice and impact tested :(a) 2.00; (b) 1.75; (c) 1.50; (d) 1.00 REF : 650 2.2.1.4 ANS : (c) Q123) Plates found to be thinner than those in the course above it are :(a) not allowed; (b) permitted; (c) permitted provided they were so designed; (d) need to be calculated for suitability for service.

REF : API 650, 3.6.1.5 ANS : (a) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q124) Procedure qualification for welding on a tank of unknown or obsolete material shall be done using test coupons of :(a) any P-1 material; (b) any similar type material; (c) material from the same P number grouping; (d) actual material from the tank.

REF : 653 9.1.2 ANS : (d) Q125) Procedure requirements for ultrasonic examination of welds :(a) shall be performed to a written procedure; (b) approved by ASNT; (c) proven to the satisfaction of the inspector; (d) both (a) and (c) above.

REF : Section V, T150 c ANS : (d) Q126) Pure hydrocarbon fluids :(a) usually cause corrosion; (b) both (a) and (b); REF : API-651, 1.1.3 ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

(b) require special corrosion control; (c) (d) are usually not corrosive.

Q127) Radiographic acceptance standards are found in :(a) ASME Section VIII, div. 1, para UW-51; (b) ASME Section V, Article 2; (c) API 650, Section 3; (d) API 653, Appendix D. REF : 650 6.1.5 ANS : (a) Q128) Reinforcement pads shall be tested by applying pressure between the tank shell and reinforcement plate using the telltale hole. How much pressure is used to perform this inspection :(a) 15 psig hydrostatic pressure; (b) 15 psig pneumatic pressure; (c) 5 psig hydrostatic pressure; (d) 5 psig pneumatic pressure.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5.3.5 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q129) Repairs of cracks in the shell-to-bottom :(a) are only necessary if they exceed 0.25" in length; (b) are performed on an individual basis, according to extent of damage; (c) may be welded over and left as is without reinspection; (d) both (b) and (c) above.

REF : API-653, 2.3.6 ANS : (b) Q130) Resistivity of surrounding soil may be used to determine the probability of corrosion on tank bottoms. Which of the following resistivity ranges is considered to be very corosive :(a) < 500; (b) 500 – 1000; (c) 1000 – 2000; (d) < 10,000 REF : API 651 – 3.3.1.3 (Table – 1) ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q131) Rewelding vertical joints requires cutting horizontal welds back from the joint a minimum of ____ inches :(a) 1/2; (b) 1; (c) 2; (d) 12.

REF : API 653 Figure 7-1 ANS : (d) 132) Flame arresters are to be inspected :(a) semi-annually; (b) annually; (c) at intervals determined by experience locally; (d) every 5 years.

REF : API Chapter XIII 13.4.2.11 ANS : (c)

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Q133) Routine visual inspection by Owner / Operator personnel shall be done at least :(a) annually; (b) bi-monthly; (c) monthly; (d) semi-annually.

REF : 653 4.3.1.2 ANS : (c) 134) With a vertical sweep board 36 inches long, banding on reconstructed tanks shall not exceed ____ inch(s) :(a) 1/2"; (b) 3/4"; (c) 1"; (d) 1 ½".

REF : API-653, 8.5.5 ANS : (c) Q135) Scheduled external inspections shall be performed at least :(a) the lesser of every 5 years of 1/2 corrosion rate of the shell life; (b) the lesser of every 5 years or 1/4 corrosion rate of the shell life; (c) the lesser of every 10 years or 1/2 corrosion rate of the shell life; (d) the lesser of every 10 years or 1/4 corrosion rate of the shell life.

REF : API 653 4.3.2.1 ANS : (c) (b?)

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Q136) Seal material shall be placed :(a) between the outer periphery of the roof and the tank shell; (b) around columns, ladders and gauge pipes that penetrate the deck; (c) the seal shall be flexible; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 650 Appendix H.3.5 ANS : (d) Q137) Shell penetrations experiencing corrosion must be assessed and :(a) tank rerated; (b) repair procedures established; (c) tank removed from service; (d) both (a) and (b) above.

REF : API 653, 2.3.9 ANS : (d) Q138) Small punctures in floating roof systems :(a) may be ignored if they have been determined to be non-critical; (b) shall be repaired; (c) shall be replaced; (d) Either (b) or (c) above.

REF : API-653 2.2.3.1 ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q139) Tack welds shall be made using a procedure qualified in accordance with ASME Section IX :(a) Fillet weld; (b) Groove or fillet weld; (c) Special; (d) Butt weld.

REF : 650 5.2.1.8 ANS : (b) Q140) Tank grounding shunts shall be inspected :(a) visually; (b) infrared camera; (c) by a certified electrician; (d) need no inspection.

REF : API 653, 4.3.2.4 ANS : (a) Q141) Tanks reconstructed in accordance to API-653 shall be identified with a corrosion-resistant metal nameplate with letters not less than ____" high :(a) 5/32; (b) 7/32; (c) 9/32; (d) 3/32.

REF :-653, 11.1.1 ANS : (a)

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Q142) Tests for leaks in reinforcing plate welds require ____ psig :(a) upto 2.5; (b) upto 15; (c) upto 21; (d) upto 30.

REF : API 653/10.4 & 650 5.3.5 ANS : (b) Q143) The "critical zone" for tank bottom repairs is the area within the annular plate ring, within inches of the shell or within inches of the inside edge of the annular plate ring:(a) 12, 6; (b) 6, 12; (c) 12, 12; (d) 6, 6 REF : 653, 7.9.11 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q144) The "L" in actual thickness determination for each shell course : (a) may be greater than 40"; (b) is valid only when corroded area is less than 40"; (c) applies even if corroded area is greater than L; (d) requires converting "D" from feet to inches.

REF : API 653, 2.3.2.1 See Note ANS : (c) 145) The 6 G position for welding is a :(a) Qualification position; (b) Production welding position; (c) Rod position; (d) Rank position.

REF : IX QW-120 ANS : (a) Q146) The API 653 standard covers the maintenance inspection, repairs, alteration, relocation and reconstruction of tanks constructed to which one of the following standards :(a) ASME; (b) API 651; (c) API 65; (d) API 650.

REF : 653 1.1.1 ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q147) The assessment period for inspection of tank bottom integrity is :(a) is always 5 years; (b) is fixed by corrosion rate; (c) less than or equal to the appropriate internal inspection interval given in API-653 4.4.2 (d) determined by the designer.

REF : API-653, 2.4.1 ANS : (c) Q148) The complete or partial removal and replacement of more than 12 inches of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a :(a) minor alteration; (b) minor repair; (c) major alteration; (d) major repair.

REF : 653 10.3.1.2 (c) ANS : (d)

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Q149) The definition of a confined space is :(a) large enough to enter; (b) restricted means of entry; (c) not designed for continuous occupancy; (d) (d) all of the above are required.

REF : API 2015 1.4 ANS : (d) Q150) The determining factor for intervals between internal and external inspections :a) Change of service to a higher specific gravity; b) Tank service history provided earlier inspection is not required by special reasons; c) Corrosion activity either known or suspected. d) Governmental regulations REF : 653 4.4.2.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q151) The difference between peaking and banding is :(a) peaking pertains to the roof; (b) (b) banding is external to the tank; (c) peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to horizontal weld seams; (d) peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical weld seams.

REF : General Knowledge ANS : (c) Q152) The first checks for tanks out-of-service are :(a) (b) and (d) below; (b) cleaned, gas freed and safe for entry; (c) hammer test the roof; (d) complete isolation.

REF : API 653 Table C-2.1 a & b ANS : (a)

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Q153) The flammable range is when a vapour exists :(a) above the ambient temperature; (b) between the lower flammable limit and the upper flammable limit; (c) between the extremes of the lower flammable limit; (d) between the extremes of the upper flammable limit; REF : API 20151.3.10 ANS : (b) Q154) The formula for maximum bulge or depression of a tank bottom is :(a) B = 0.37 R, gives an Answer in feet; (b) B = 0.37 R gives an Answer in inches; (c) B + 0.37" is the minimum; (d) B = 0.37 + R REF : API 653 B.3.3 ANS : (d) (b?)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q155) The general shape of gas cavities on a radiograph : (a) appear darker in contrast with areas of defect-free material; (b) are generally round in shape; (c) are acceptable; (d) both a and b.

REF : General Knowledge ANS : (d) Q156) The Heat Affected Zone is :(a) that portion of the base metal which has not been melted; (b) whose mechanical properties or micro structures have been altered by the heat of welding; (c) is least likely to contain discontinuities; (d) both (a) and (b) above.

REF : Section IX, QW-492 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q157) The inspection interval for a tank is determined by :(a) size; (b) service history; (b) the manufacturer; (d) type of tank.

REF : 653 4.2.2 ANS : (b) Q158) The lower flammable limit (LFL) is the concentration of a flammable vapour in air that will ignite :(a) approximate; (b) maximum; (c) average; (d) minimum.

REF : 2015 1.3.1 ANS : (d) Q159) The maximum acceptable undercutting for base metal in repaired or altered horizontal welds is :(a) 1/64"; (b) 1/32"; (c) 1/16"; (d) 1/8" REF : API-653, 8.4.2.5 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q160) The maximum acceptable undercutting for base metal in vertical welds is :(a) 1/64"; (b) 1/32"; (c) 1/16"; (d) 1/8, ANS : (a) Q161) The maximum interval between internal inspections shall not exceed ____ years :(a) 10; (b) 20; (c) 5; (d) 15.

REF : 653 4.4.2.1 ANS : (b) (25 W.O RPB/ 30 RBB) Q162) The maximum spacing between settlement measurement points shall be :(a) 30 ft.; (b) 20 ft.; (c) 40 ft.; (d) 25 ft.

REF : 653 APP. “B” ANS : (a) (32’)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q163) The minimum dimension for replacement shell plate is 12 times t or ____ inches :(a) 8; (b) 18; (c) 6; (d) 12.

REF : API 653 7.2.2.1 ANS : (d) Q164) The minimum (maximum) interval for external inspection by a qualified inspector is ____ years or at the quarter corrosion-rate life of the shell, whichever is less :(a) Twenty; (b) Five; (c) Ten; (d) Fifteen.

REF : API-653, 4.3.2.1, 4.4.2.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q165) The minimum size of a fillet weld is which of the following :(a) On plate 3/16 inch thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates more than 3/16 inch thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than 1/3 the thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 3/16 inch. (b) On plate 5/16 inch thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates more than 5/16 inch thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than 1/3 the thickness of the thinner plate at hte joint and shall be at least 3/16 inch. (c) On plate 3/16 inch thick, the weld shall be a full-fillet weld, and on plates more than 5/16 inch thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than 1/3 the thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 5/16 inch. (d) On plate 1/4 inch thick, the weld thickness shall not be less than 1/3 the thickness of the thinner plate at the joint and shall be at least 1/4 inch. REF : API-650 3.1.3.3 ANS : (a) Q166) The minimum thickness of an annular plate ring is usually greater than :(a) 0.10; (b) 0.25; (c) 0.0625; (d) 0.1875.

REF : 653 2.4.8.1 ANS : (a) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q167) The permissible exposure limit (PEL) is the maximum ____ time-weighed average of any airborne contaminant to which an employee may be exposed :(a) 8 hour; (b) 24 hour; (c) 4 hour; (d) 1 hour.

REF : 2015 1.3.8 ANS : (a) Q168) The proper method for dismantling tank bottoms that are to be reused shall be cut by:(a) deseaming of lap welds; (b) cutting alongside remaining welds at a minimum of 2 inches from existing welds; (c) cutting alongside remaining welds at a minimum of 3 inches from existing welds; (d) Both (a) and (b) are acceptable.

REF : API 653-8.3.2.1 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q169) The purchaser has not specified the use of 1-foot method for calculating thickness and L/Hâ&#x2030;¤ 2, therefore, what is the shell plate thickness for the first course for the following tank design ?

Height = 40 feet Diameter = 260 feet Stress @ test condition = 30,000 psi Specific gravity = 1.0 Course Length = 8 feet Corrosion Allowance = 0 Joint Efficiency = .0 (a) 1.209"; (b) 1.171"; (c) 0.856"; (d) 1.038â&#x20AC;&#x153; REF : 650 3.6.4.3 Table K-2 ANS : (c) Q170) The purpose of electrical grounding of A/C power connections is :(a) protect against lightening; (b) corrosion control for tank bottoms; (c) personal safety; (d) corrosion control for tank shells; REF : API 651, 1.1.1 ANS : (c) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q171) The root opening for square grooves for butt-welded bottom plate shall not be less than :(a) 1/2 inch; (b) 1/4 inch; (c) 3/16 inch; (d) 9/32 inch.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3.1.5.5 ANS : (b) Q172) The sequence of welding of the shell-to-bottom :(a) is the welder's option; (b) is not addressed; (c) is completed after the bottom joints are fully welded; (d) must be completed before the welding of bottom joints.

REF : API-653, 8.4.3.2 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q173) The shell plate formula tmin = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE (a) only (b) and (c) below; (b) is only valid if tmin is not les than 0.1"; (c) applies only to tanks less than 200' in diameter; (d) does not apply to riveted construction.

REF : API 653 2.3.3.1 ANS : (c) (a?)

Q174) The tank shall be cleaned and ____ prior to commencement of dismantling :(a) gas-freed; (b) inspected; (c) surveyed; (d) cleaned; REF : API-653, - 8.2 ANS : (a) Q175) The thickness to be used for each shell course when checking the tank design after reconstruction shall be based on measurements taken within ____ days prior to relocation :(a) 45; (b) 90; (c) 180; (d) 360.

REF : API-653, 6.4.1 ANS : (c) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q176) The types of tanks covered by API 653 are :(a) non-refrigerated; (b) vertical, cylindrical, above ground closed and open top; (c) built to API 650 and 12 C; (d) All of the above.

REF : API 650-1.1.1 and 653-1.1.1 ANS : (d) Q177) The upper flammable limit (UFL) is the concentration of a flammable vapour in air that will ignite :(a) approximate; (b) maximum; (c) average; (d) minimum.

REF : 2015 1.3.2 ANS : (b) Q178) The variable design point method shall be used for tanks greater than ____ in diameter :(a) 50'; (b) 200'; (c) 150'; (d) 200'.

REF : API-653, 2.3.3.3 ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q179) Thick-film internal linings :(a) are frequently used as an alternative to replacing the steel bottom; (b) are prohibited from use as an alternative to replacing the steel bottom; (c) removes the need for external cathodic protection; (d) removes the need for external anodic protection.

REF : API 651 3.4.4 ANS : (a) Q180) Thickness readings taken on a tank shell after 5 years of service show a minimum thickness of 0.420 inches. The data sheet shows the original thickness as 0.5 inches. What is the corrosion rate for the tank :(a) 0.008; (b) 0.0016; (c) 0.016; (d) 0 REF : API-653 4.3.3.22 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q181) Three different methods of conducting "Visual Examinations" (VT) :(a) Direct, indirect and previously recorded; (b) Translucent, direct and previously recorded; (c) Translucent, direct and indirect or (remote visual examination) (d) all of the above.

REF : Sec. V, T940, T941, T942, T943 ANS : (c) Q182) Three types of external inspections are :(a) scheduled, routine and liquid penetrant; (b) scheduled, routine and UT thickness; (c) scheduled out of service, routine and UT thickness; (d) unscheduled, routine and liquid penetrant.

REF : API 653-4.3.1, 4.3.2 & 4.3.3 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q183) To be an alteration a nozzle must be :(a) 12" or greater NPS nozzles; (b) greater than 12" NPS nozzles; (c) greater than 2" NPS nozzles; (d) greater than 10" NPS nozzles.

REF : API 653, 1.5.1 (a) ANS : (b) Q184) To be certified under the program which of the following educational and experience requirements must be met :(a) A degree in engineering plus 6 months of experience in inspection of tanks, pressure vessels, or piping; (b) A two-year certificate in engineering or technical college and two years of experience in construction, repair, operation, or inspection of tanks, pressure vessels or piping; (c) The equivalent of a high school education and three years of experience in construction, repair, operation or inspection of which one year must be in inspection of tanks, pressure vessels or piping; (d) Four years of experience in the inspection of above ground storage tanks in petroleum / chemical industries.

REF : 653 4.10 ANS : (c) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q185) To evaluate tank settlement, elevation measurements are performed and compared with measurements marked just after construction. Where are these measurements made ? (a) Tank circumference, tank height; (b) Tank diameter, tank height; (c) Tank height, tank base; (d) Tank circumference, tank diameter.

REF : API-653, Appendix B.2.

ANS : (d) (?)

Q186) To qualify a GMAW, short circuit transfer, welding procedure :(a) Radiography may be used; (b) Tension tests and transverse bend test are required; (c) May be omitted if another manufacturer has a qualified WPS; (d) Require bend tests only.

REF : Section IX, QW-202.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q187) Top decks of external floating roofs (double deck or pontoon type) which are designed with are designed with a permanent slope for drainage shall have a minimum slope of ____ inch in 12 inches :(a) 3/16; (b) 1/2; (c) 1/4; (d) 3/8.

REF : API-650 APP-C C.3.3.4 ANS : (a) (1:64) Q188) Underun on plate not more than inch from the computed design thickness or minimum permitted thickness is acceptable :(a) 0.01; (b) 0.02; (c) 0.03; (d) 0.04.

REF : API 650, 2.2.1.2.3 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q189) Unless otherwise agreed to by the purchaser, what is the minimum nominal width of a shell plate ? (a) 36 inches; (b) 48 inches; (c) 72 inches; (d) 96 inches.

REF : 650 3.6.1.2 ANS : (c) (72’ x 48’) Q190) UT examination methods shall be in accordance with :(a) ASME Code Section V, Article 5; (b) ASME Code Section II, Article 5; (c) API 653; (d) ASME Code Section IX, Article 2.

REF : 650 6.3.1 ANS : (a) Q191) Vertical welds must be fully radiographed if the shell thickness exceeds inches :(a) 3/4; (b) 1; (c) 1 1/4; (d) 1 1/2.

REF : API-650 6.1.2.2 (C) ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q192) Visual examination shall be done in accordance with :(a) ASME Section V, Article 9; (b) API 650; (c) AWS Guidelines; (d) ASME B-31.1, Chapter VI. REF : 650 5.2.1.8 & 6.5 ANS : (b) (b-ok) Q193) Welded joints that have experienced metal loss due to corrosion :(a) must be X-Rayed prior to further use; (b) may be repaired by welding; (c) may be repaired by grinding; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 653, 7.5.3 ANS : (b) Q194) Welder identification is not required for :(a) lap welds; (b) corner joints; (c) fillet welds around opening; (d) roof plate welds.

REF : 650 7.4 ANS : (d) (d-ok) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q195) Welder or welding operator's identification marks shall be located adjacent to completed welds at intervals not exceeding :(a) 9 feet; (b) 6 feet; (c) 3 feet; (d) As identified on the approved welding procedure specification.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 9.2.1 ANS : (c) Q196) Welders qualifications shall expire as they do not weld :(a) within a given process for a 6 month period; (b) using a given procedure for a 6 month period; (c) on a tank for 6 months; (d) for a 3 month period.

REF : IX QW-322 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q197) Welding filler metals are grouped into groupings based on their AWS classification:(a) P-numbers; (b) F-numbers; (c) Z-numbers; (d) ASTM spec.

REF : IX QW-432 ANS : (b) Q198) Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), and welders and welding operators must be qualified in accordance with ____ :(a) API-653; (b) API-650; (c) Section V of the ASME; (d) Section IX of the ASME REF : API-653, 9.1.1 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q199) Welding procedures are qualified in accordance with ____ (a) ASME Section IX, Art. 3; (b) ASME Section V, Art. 2; (c) ASME Section IX, Art. 2; (d) AWS D-1.1 REF : IX Article 2 ANS : (c) Q200) What are penetrameters used for :(a) A penetrameter is used for evaluating radiographic technique in that it serves as an image quality indicator; (b) It indicates the magnetic properties of the materials; (c) Is the same as penetration in Ultrasonic Inspection; (d) both (a) and (c) above.

REF : SECTION V, T233, T262 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q201) What are the two general approaches for determining minimum thicknesses of tank bottom plate and briefly describe their differences :(a) Deterministic and Probabilistic; (b) Probabilistic and Actualistic; (c) Actualistic and Deterministic; (d) Variable design and Actual thickness determination.

REF : API-653, 2.4.7 ANS : (a) Q202) What are the two methods of guided-bend tests permitted by ASME Section IX ? (a) Bottom ejection method and Wrap around method; (b) Top ejection method and Bottom ejection method; (c) Side ejection method and Wrap around method; (d) All to the above.

REF : Section IX, QW-162 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q203) What diameter bolt circle is required and how many bolts for a 24 inch roof manhole? (a) 26.0 inch diameter bolt circle and 18 bolts; (b) 25.5 inch diameter bolt circle and 20 bolts; (c) 27.5 inch diameter bolt circle and 16 bolts; (d) 27.5 inch diameter bolt circle and 20 bolts.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3.8.4 ANS : (d) Q204) What F number is E70T1 electrodes classified as :(a) 1; (b) 2; (c) 4; (d) 6.

REF : QW-432 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q205) What is calcination :(a) An accumulation of a mineral coating on the lining of the tank; (b) Increase of water of hydration; (c) Loss of water of hydration; (d) Form of tank deterioration.

REF : API-653, 2.5.1.2 ANS : (c) Q206) What is meant by "non destructive examination" of a welded joint ? (a) An examination of a welded joint that will disclose surface and subsurface discontinuities without physical harm to the welded joint; (b) An examination of a bolted joint; (c) An examination of a welded joint that will disclose surface and subsurface discontinuities that may cause physical harm to the welded joint. (d) An examination of a welded joint that will disclose only surface discontinuities without physical harm to the welded joint.

REF : Section V, T110 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q207) What is MRT2 as used by the deterministic method ? (a) Minimum remaining thickness due to maximum internal pitting and average external pitting; (b) Maximum remaining thickness that can be used for calculations; (c) Maximum reported thickness minus all corrosion; (d) Minimum remaining thickness due to average internal p itting and maximum external pitting.

REF : 2.4.7.1 ANS : (a) (?)

Q208) What is the 42 gallon barrel capacity of a tank 110 feet in diameter, 24 feet high, joint efficiency is 0.85, specific gravity = 1.0, corrosion allowance = 0. (a) 34,303; (b) 38,909; (c) 39,910; (d) 40,656.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix A Table A-1 C = 0.14D2H ANS : (d) (C = 0.14D2H)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q209) What is the allowable stress at root of anchor bolt threads for a tank with a design pressure up to 2.5 psig ? Uplift is based on tank design pressure and wind. (a) 15,000; (b) 20,000; (c) 25,000; (d) 30,000.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; F.7, Table F-1 ANS : (b) Q210) What is the capacity of a tank 110 feet in diameter, 24 feet high, joint efficiency is 0.85, specific gravity is 1.0, corrosion allowance = 0 ? (a) 34,303; (b) 38,909; (c) 39,910; (d) 40,656.

REF : 650 Table A-1 ANS : (d)(C = 0.14D2H) Q211) What is the distance from the centre pipe to shell for a 3 inch nominal pipe size, 36 diameter draw off sump, which is 18 inched deep ? (a) 2.1875'; (b) 3.2343'; (c) 5.0000'; (d) 5.3780' REF : API 650 - 3.8.6 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q212) What is the distance in inches, that both a roof plate or a shell bottom must be cut from the weld when dismantling a shell tank :(a) One; (b) Two; (c) Four; (d) Six. REF : API-653, 8.3.2; API-653, 8.3.4.1 ANS : (b) Q213) What is the expected service life for a properly applied tank bottom lining ? (a) 5 – 10 years; (b) 10 – 15 years; (c) 10 – 20 years; (d) 20 – 30 years.

REF : API 652 3.6 and 8.1 ANS : (c) Q214) What is the flammable range for Methane ? (a) 1 – 5; (b) 2 – 8; (c) 2 – 9; (d) 5 – 15.

REF : 2015 – 3.2 (Table – 1) ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q215) What is the maximum acceptable undercutting of new constructed base metal for vertical butt joints ? (a) 1/4 inch; (b) 1/8 inch; (c) 9/32 inch; (d) 1/64 inch.

REF : API 650 - 5.2.1.4 ANS : (d) Q216) What is the maximum acceptable undercutting of new construction base metal for horizontal joints ? (a) 1/4 inch; (b) 1/8 inch; (c) 1/32 inch; (d) 1/64 inch.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5.2.1.4 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q217) What is the maximum depth of a depreciation, oval in shape, which measures 18 feet long by 11 feet wide ? (a) 6.6"; (b) 24.42"; (c) 4.07"; (d) 2.035".

REF : 653 APP. “B” B-5 ANS : (d) (BB=0.37R = 2.035) Q218) What is the maximum depth of edge settlement if the distance from the inside of the shell to the bend point of the depression is 7 feet ? (a) 2.59"; (b) 1.295"; (c) 5.18"; (d) 31.08".

REF : 653 APP. “B” ANS : (a) (D=?)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q219) What is the maximum interval between external UT thickness measurements for a tank, given the following information ? Remaining CA = 0.064", Corrosion rate is 0.008" per year. (a) 5 yrs; (b) 4 yrs; (c) 8 yrs; (d) 3 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1/2 yrs.

REF : 653 4.3.3.2 ANS : (b) Q220) What is the maximum out-of-plumbness of a new tank from the top of shell relative to the bottom of the shell ? (a) 1/100 of the total tank height; (b) 1/50 of the total tank height; (c) 1/60 of the total tank height; (d) 1/200 of the total tank height.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5.5.2 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q221) What is the maximum reinforcement allowed on a 1/2" thick vertical butt weld made on a reconstructed tank ? (a) 3/16; (b) 3/32; (c) 1/8; (d) 1/4.

REF : API-653, 8.4.2.6 ANS : (b) Q222) What is the maximum spacing between settlement measurement points ? (a) 20 feet; (b) 30 feet; (c) 35 feet; (d) 50 feet.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10.5.1.2 ANS : (b) (32) Q223) What is the maximum thickness of weld reinforcement for a 0.5625 inch plate ? (a) 1/16; (b) 3/32; (c) 1/8; (d) 3/16.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6.1.3.4 ANS : (b) (RT?)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q224) What is the minimum acceptable shell plate thickness for a tank shell made of A 283 grade C material, 70 feet in diameter and 50 feet high ?

Specific gravity of contents is 0.8. Original joint efficiency was 100 %. (a) 0.356; (b) 0.339; (c) 0.480; (d) 0.304.

REF : API-653 2.3.3.1 ANS : (d) (S=23600, tmin=0.302”) Q225) What is the minimum allowable density through the image of the penetrameter for radiographs made with a 2000 kv tube ? (a) 1.8 – 4.0; (b) 1.3 – 2.8; (c) 2.0 – 4.0; (d) 1.3 – 1.8; REF : Sec. V, T-282.1 ANS (a) REF : Sec. V, T-282.1 ANS : (b) 2.0 – 4.0 (for any gamma source – anything besides a tube) (a?)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q226) Windgirders are evaluated for :(a) Corrosion of structural elements; (b) attachment welds; (c) the same evaluation as for shell stiffeners; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 653 2.3.7 ANS : (d) Q227) What is the minimum nominal shell thickness required when the normal tank diameter is less than 50 feet ? (a) 3/16; (b) 1/4; (c) 5/16; (d) 3/8.

REF : API-650 3.6.1.1 ANS : (a) Q228) What is the minimum nominal thickness for bottom plates, exclusive of any corrosion allowance ? (a) 3/16 inch; (b) 1/4 inch; (c) 5/16 inch; (d) 7/16 inch.

REF : 650 3.4.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q229) What is the minimum number of settlement measurement points ? (a) 4; (b) 6; (b) 8; (d) 10.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10.5.1.2 ANS : (c) Q230) What is the minimum permissible design metal temperature for a 280 foot diameter tank, 75 feet high, tank radius is 1,680 inches, plate material ordered is 1.125" (including corrosion allowance) A 516 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 555 as rolled, killed fine-grain practice without impact testing :(a) + 8; (b) 0; (c) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4; (d) All Material must be impact tested.

REF :API 650 - 2.2.9.2 (Fig. 2-1) ANS : (c) Q231) What it the minimum permitted density of radiographic film using an Iridium source ? (a) 2.0; (b) 1.8; (c) 1.3; (d) 4.0 REF : V-T282.1 ANS : (a) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q232) What is the minimum required number of settlement measurement points for a 200' diameter tank ? (a) 10; (b) 8; (c) 21; (d) 20.

REF : API 653 – 10.5.1.2 ANS : (c) (d?)

Q233) What is the minimum thickness of bolting flange and cover plate for a 24 × 24 size flush-type cleanout to be installed in a tank having maximum height of 53 feet :(a) 1/16; (b) 1/8; (c) 3/16; (d) 9/16.

REF : API 650 – 3.7.7 (Table 3-12) ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q234) What is the calculated minimum thickness of shell plates from the stress on vertical joints for a field-erected small capacity tank, which has a diameter of 30 feet, height of 36 feet, joint efficiency is 0.85, specific gravity is 1.0, with a corrosion allowance of 0.125 ? (a) t = 0.1529; (b) t = 0.1875; (c) t = 0.2779; (d) t = 0.3125.

REF : API 650 – A.4 (See 3.6.1.1) ANS : (c) (d?)

Q235) What is the minimum weld length that must be shown on each radiograph ? (a) 2 inches; (b) 3 inches; (c) 4 inches; (d) 5 inches.

REF : API 650 – 6.1.2.8 ANS : (b) (minimum diagnostic length= 6”?)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q236) What is the most common protective cushion for aboveground storage tanks ? (a) Clean sand; (b) Clay; (c) Gravel; (d) Carbonaceous.

REF : API â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 651, Section 3 ANS : (a) Q237) What is the nominal shell thickness required when the nominal tank diameter is less than 50 feet ? (a) 3/16 inch; (b) 1/4 inch; (c) 5/16 inch; (d) 3/8 inch.

REF : 650 3.6.1.1 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q238) What is the radii tolerance measured at 1 foot above the shell to bottom for a reconstructed 125 foot diameter tank ? (a) +/- 1/2; (b) +/- 3/4; (c) +/- 1; (d) +/- 1 1/4.

REF : 653 8.5.3 ANS : (b) Q239) What is the title of API Publication 2015A ? (a) "Guide for Controlling the Lead Hazard Associated with Tank Entry and Cleaning.â&#x20AC;&#x153; (b) "Cleaning Open-Top and Covered Floating-Roof Tanks" (c) "Guidelines for Confined Space Work in the Petroleum Industry" (d) "Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage" REF : API-653, 1.6 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q240) What must be done to the tank prior to dismantling to insure proper alignment after the tank is reconstructed ? (a) At least four sets of matching centre punch marks should be placed at the top and bottom edges of each shell plate. (b) At least two sets of matching centre punch marks shall be placed at the top and bottom edges of each shell plate. (c) At least three alignment tabs shall be tack welded to the top and bottom edges of the each shell plate. (d) At least two sets of matching centre punch marks may be placed at the top and side edges of each shell plate.

REF : API-653, 8.3.5.2 ANS : (b) Q241) What are NDE methods and to what extent shall they be used for the examination of repairs to butt welds ? (a) MT and PT over full length; (b) MT and PT spot; (c) UT and RT over full length; (d) UT or RT over full length.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10.1.3.2 ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q242) What of the following are not principal causes of shell distortion :(a) Thinning caused by corrosion; (b) Foundation settlement; (c) Over-or under-pressuring; (d) High wind.

REF : API-653, 2.3.5 ANS : (a) Q243) What percentage of selected spot radiography shall be at junctions of vertical and horizontal joints ? (a) 15 %; (b) 20 %; (c) 25 %; (d) 50 %.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6.1.2.2 ANS : (c) Q244) What size diameter cover plate is required for a 20 inch roof manhole ? (a) 22 inch; (b) 24 inch; (c) 26 inch; (d) 28 inch.

REF : API 650 3.8.4 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q245) What size penetrameter is required for RT of a tank 0.75 inches thick ? (a) 17; (b) 20; (c) 25; (d) 1.

REF : ASME V Article 2 ANS : (a) Q246) What spacing must be used for a settlement survey of a 100’ diameter tank ? (a) 31.4’; (b) 30’; (c) 28.56’; (d) 31’4”.

REF : API 653 2.3.3.1 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q247) When a new nameplate is attached, the existing nameplate :(a) is removed; (b) is covered by the new name plated; (c) is located next to the new name plate; (d) is left for the owner / user to keep on file REF : API-653, 11.1.2 ANS : (c) Q248) When alternative inspection intervals are selected, the owner / user :(a) shall document the procedure and make it part of the permanent record; (b) alternatives are not allowed; (c) alternative method shall include method for determining bottom plate thickness; (d) both (a) and (c) above.

REF : API 653 4.4.3 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q249) When calculating the maximum liquid level for reconstructed tanks, the required corrosion allowance shall be :(a) deducted from the actual thickness before calculating maximum liquid level; (b) added to actual thickness before calculating maximum liquid level; (c) not be considered when calculating maximum liquid level; (d) deducted from the original design thickness.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6.4.4 ANS : (a) Q250) When changing a non-essential variable on a welding procedure, the procedure must be :(a) revised; (b) requalified; (c) no action required; (d) re-written as a new procedure.

REF : IX QW-200.1 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q251) When concrete ringwalls are provided under the shell, the top of the ringwall shall be level with ______ inch in the total circumference measured from the average elevation :(a) 1/4; (b) 1/8; (c) 3/8; (d) 5/16.

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5.5.5.2 a ANS : (a) Q252) When determining average thickness in a corroded area of a shell, a minimum of equally paced measurements shall be taken over a length of L. (a) 10; (b) 5; (c) 8; (d) 6.

REF : 653 2.3.2.1 (c) ANS : (b)

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Q253) When evaluating roof support systems, special attention should be paid to: (a) Rafters; (b) Prior repairs; (c) Distortions; (d) The possibility of severe internal corrosion of pipe columns.

REF : API â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 653, 2.2.2 ANS : (d) Q254) When is pitting an important factor in determining tank shell acceptability ? (a) When pits are 1/4" in diameter; (b) When the pits are 1/8â&#x20AC;? in diameter. (c) When the pits are present in a severe form in close proximity. (d) Pitting always represents a significant threat.

REF : API-653, 2.3.1.3; 2.3.2.2 ANS : (c) Q255) When liquid penetrant is specified, the method of examination shall be in accordance with one of the following :(a) ASME, Section V, Article 6; (b) API-650, Section 6; (c) API-653, Section 6; (d) ASME, Section 8, Article 6.

REF : 650 6.4.1 ANS : (a) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q256) When preparing the surface for lining, the abrasive blasting should not be performed if the temperature of the steel surface is less than ____ above the dew point or if the relative humidity is greater than ____ %. (a) 10 degrees, 75 %; (b) 5 degrees, 80 %; (c) 10 degrees, 80 %; (d) 5 degrees, 75 %.

REF :API-652, 5.4 ANS : (b) Q257) When replacing rim-mounted shoe seals on a floating roof, no more than ____ of the seal should be out of service at any one time. (a) 1/4; (b) 1/2; (c) 1/3; (d) 1/8.

REF : API-653 7.12.1 ANS : (a) 258) When required, a set of Charpay V-notch impact specimens shall be taken :(a) Before heat treatment; (b) After heat treatment; (c) Either before or after; (d) Both before and after heat treatment.

REF : API 650 2.2.8.1 ANS : (b) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q259) When required, how long shall a full hydrostatic be held ? (a) 18 hours; (b) 24 hours; (c) 36 hours; (d) 38 hours.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10.3.1.1 ANS : (b) Q260) When reusing the entire bottom in the intact condition, the shell cut shall be a minimum of ____ inch(es) above the top of the bottom plate :(a) 1/2; (b) 6 except where crossing existing welds; (c) 12; (d) 12 is the maximum.

REF : API 653 8.3.2.2 ANS : (c) (a?)

Q261) When reviewing a radiograph, a dark image of the letter B can be seen on the film (a) This is cause for rejection; (b) This is not cause for rejection; (c) This is the same as a light letter B; (d) An unusual safety hazard existed during the exposure.

REF : Section V, T-284 ANS : (b) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q262) When the corrosion rate is not known or determinable from similar service experience, actual bottom plate thickness shall be determined by inspection within the next ____ years of operation :(a) 10; (b) 7; (c) 5; (d) 3.

REF : 653 4.4.2.2 ANS : (a) Q263) When the tank is out of service, additional bottom plate examination includes :(a) All of the below; (b) ultrasonic; (c) hammer testing; (d) turning of coupons.

REF : API 653 Appendix C, C.1.1.4 ANS : (a) Q264) When two (2) welders weld opposite sides of the same butt joint :(a) 2 spot radiographs shall be taken; (b) heat generated by twin arc removes the need to radiograph; (c) shall be inspected by ultrasonics; (d) 1 spot radiograph shall be taken .

REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6.1.2.5 ANS : (d) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q265) When two or more tanks are installed concurrently in the same location for the same purchase :(a) spot radiographs to be taken is based on each tanks footage of the welds; (b) spot radiographs may be omitted in tank # 2 if no defects were found in tank # 1; (c) spot radiographs may be taken based on the aggregate footage of the welds of the same type and thickness; (d) spot radiographs to be taken be based on the aggregate footage of the welds regardless of weld type and thicknesss; REF : API 650 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6.1.2.5 ANS : (c) Q266) When ultrasonic thickness measurements are used to take in-service thickness measurements, what is the maximum interval for reinspection on a tank corroding at a rate of 1.13 mils per year and has a remaining corrosion allowance of 22 mils ? (a) 5 years; (b) 9 years; (c) 15 years; (d) 20 years.

REF : API 653 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4.3.3.2 ANS : (b) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q267) When used, in-service UT thickness measurements shall be taken :(a) 10 years after commissioning; (b) 15 year intervals where corrosion rate is unknown; (c) the smaller of RCA/2N or 15 years; (d) all of the above.

REF : API 653 4.3.3.2 ANS : (c) Q268) When vacuum testing is performed, a partial vacuum of at least psig should be used :(a) 2; (b) 3; (c) 4; (d) 5.

REF : 650 5.3.3.4 ANS : (a) (b?)

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Q269) Which below best describes how surfaces shall be prepared for Ultrasonic examination :(a) The finished contact surfaces shall be free from weld splatter and any roughness that would interfere with free movement of the search unit or impair the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations; (b) The weld surfaces shall be finished so they cannot mask or be confused with reflections from defects, and should merge smoothly into the surfaces of the adjacent base materials; (c) The volume of base material through which the sound will travel in angle beam examination shall be completely scanned with a straight beam search unit to detect reflectors which might affect interpretation of angle beam results; (d) all of the above.

REF : Section V, T-542.7.1 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q270) Which below option Thin-Film lining system shall be used for the following service conditions; Temperature 200 degrees F, product contents are distillates, (a) Coal tar epoxy; (b) Epoxy amine; (c) Epoxy polyamide; (d) Epoxy Polyamidoamine REF : API 652 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4.3, Table 1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q271) Which is not a factor in determining intervals between internal inspections for storage tanks :(a) Measured during previous inspection; (b) Based on experience with similar tanks; (c) Anticipated corrosion rate; (d) Consistent with conditions at a particular site.

REF : API-653, 4.4.2 ANS : (d) Q272) Which item is not found on a gauge well ? (a) hold-off distance; (b) marker vapour control float; (c) blow-down valve; (d) pipe seal system.

REF : API 653, Appendix C.2.1.1.1 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q273) Which of the following equations refer to an anodic reaction :(a) O2 + 2 H2) + 4 e- > 4 OH(b) Fe + 2 e- ____ Fe2 (c) H2O2 + Fe > 2 e (d) Fe --> Fe-2 +2 eREF : API-651, 2.1.1 ANS : (d) Q274) Which of the following is a cause for tank bottom failure ? (a) Erosion corrosion; (b) Concentration Cell corrosion; (c) Sulphate-reducing bacteria; (d) All are causes.

REF : API-652, Section 2 ANS : (d)

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Q275) Which of the following is a factor in the effectiveness of cathodic protection :(a) Concrete foundation; (b) An impervious lining between tank anode such as a secondary containment system (c) High resistance soil or rock formations; (d) All are factors.

REF : API-651 3.1.4 ANS : (d) Q276) Which of the following is a principle cause of concrete foundation deterioration :(a) Attack by frost; (b) Rusting; (c) Wind load; (d) Floods.

REF : API-653, 2.5 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q277) The difference between peaking and banding is :(a) peaking pertains to the roof; (b) banding is external to the tank; (c) peaking pertains to vertical weld seams, banding pertains to horizontal weld seams (d) peaking pertains to horizontal weld seams, banding pertains to vertical weld seams.

REF : General Knowledge ANS : (c) Q278) Which of the following is not a cause of bottom failure :(a) Stresses placed on the bottom plates by roof support loads and shell settlement; (b) Inadequate drainage; (c) Rock or gravel foundation pads with inadequately filled-in surface voids; (d) Operating conditions.

REF : API-653, 2.4.2 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q279) Which of the following is not a factor in determining suitability for service of shell tanks :(a) Internal corrosion due to the product or water bottoms; (b) Location relative to other tanks; (c) Chemical analysis and mechanical properties of the materials of construction; (d) Tank foundation, soil and settlement conditions.

REF : API-653, 2.1.3 ANS : (b) Q280) Which of the following is not a shell distortion ? (a) undersize weld; (b) out of roundness; (c) flat spots; (d) buckled areas.

REF : API 653, 2.3.5.1 ANS : (a)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q281) Which of the following is not required information on a nameplate :(a) Edition and revision number; (b) Shell material for shell course; (c) Nominal diameter; (d) Test Pressure.

REF : API-653, 11.1.1 ANS : (d) Q282) Which of the following is not true regarding dismantling of the shell :(a) Temporary attachments welds must be ground flush; (b) Shell stiffener rings, including wind girders and top angles, may be removed; (c) Shell stiffener rings, including wind girders and top angles, may be left attached; (d) Temporary attachments welds need not be ground flush.

REF : API-653, 8.3.3.2 ANS : (d)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q283) Which of the following is not true regarding small punctures in a floating roof plate :(a) May be ignored if they have been determined to be non-critical; (b) Shall be repaired; (c) Shall have affected sections replaced; (d) Is considered a change from the original condition.

REF : API-653 2.2.3.1 ANS : (a) Q284) Which of the following types of welds do not need welder identification ? (a) Shell vertical welds; (b) Roof Plate welds; (c) Flange-to-nozzle-neck welds; (d) Both (b) and (c) REF : API-653, 9.2.2 ANS : (d) Q285) Which thin-film lining system shall be used for the following service conditions : Temperature 200 degrees F, product contents are distillates :(a) Coal tar epoxy; (b) Epoxy amine; (c) Epoxy polyamide; (d) Epoxy polyamidomine.

REF : 652 4.3 Table 1 ANS : (b) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q286) Which tool would least likely be used in an in-service inspection ? (a) UT thickness device; (b) X-ray equipment; (c) Steel rule; (d) paint or crayon.

REF : API Chapter XIII 13.4.1 ANS : (b) Q287) Who is responsible for preparing the Welding Procedure Specification ? (a) Purchasing; (b) Erector / Manufacturer / Repairer; (c) Weld Testing Laboratory; (d) A qualified welder REF : IX QW-200.1 ANS : (b) Q288) Who is responsible for qualifying the welders used to repair an above ground storage tank ? (a) The tank manufacturer; (b) The repair concern; (c) The inspector; (d) The test laboratory.

REF : IX QW-103.1 ANS : (b)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Q289) Who is responsible for stating the design metal temperature (based on ambient temperatures), the design specific gravity, the corrosion allowance (if any), and the design wind velocity ? (a) PURCHASER; (b) FABRICATOR; (c) INSPECTOR; (d) ERECTOR. REF : 650 XIII ANS : (a) Q290) Widely scattered pits may be ignored provided that the sum of their dimensions along any vertical line does not exceed 2 inch in an 8 inch length and no pit depth results in a shell thickness of less than of the minimum thickness exclusive of corrosion allowance :(a) 5/8; (b) 3/4; (c) 1/2; (d) 2/3.

REF : API-653 2.3.2.2 ANS : (c)

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

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https://www.yumpu.com/en/browse/user/charliechong Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang