PARKWOOD SPRINGS REIMAGINED Adventure Of The Peaks In The Heart Of The City
CONTENTS AIMS and OBJECTIVES CONTEXT, HISTORY and SOCIAL CIRCULATION and TRANSPORTATION ECOLOGY, HYDROLOGY, and TOPOGRAPHY SUITABILITY STUDY STRATEGY FUNDING THE PROJECT MASTERPLANNING ADDITIONAL DRAWINGS
AIM AND OBJECTIVES AIM The aim of the re-imagination of Parkwood Springs is to bring the adventure of the Peak District to the city. OBJECTIVES To achieve this there are two main objectives. First is to enhance the parks existing habitats and create new ones throughout the park. The second is to interweave an adventure park with many different activities ranging from hiking to skiing to zip-lining.
THEORIES What is a site? It is a physical space but this is temporal. The site has had a past, it most likely has not always been the way it looks now. Temporal context can be very important to the identity of the site (Source: Site Matters - Designs Concepts, Histories, and Strategies edited by Carol Burns and Andrea Kahn). Questions of Scale. When regenerating a site you must look at what went wrong in the past and try to fix that, be it transportation, environmental, economical, or social. Looking back at the failures of the past can help to prevent them in the future (Source: The Landscape Urbanism Reader edited by Charles Waldheim). Places to be wild. Young people love to go and explore risky and unsupervised spaces. Providing space for this could get children out and enjoy nature. Buried Narratives. Redeveloping derelict landscapes involves restoring ecology, connecting to the history, nature and culture of the site. (Urban Wildscapes edited by Anna Jorgensen and Richard Keenan) These different theories help to understand how to approach the design at Parkwood Springs. These theories suggest that history and context of the site is very important as are studying how problems of the past got the park to its current state. Parkwood Springs’ temporal histroical context is rich with life, select positive uses shall be reawakened, enhanced and celebrated in this reimagined park. The failures in the past (transport, topography or underuse?) have been examined in the following pages and proposals to prevent these being barriers in the future are revealed.
CONTEXT, HISTORY AND SOCIAL HISTORY
SHEFFIELD CITY CENTRE PEAK DISTRICT
Parkwood Springs has rich in history dating back hundreds of years. The site became a deer park in 1392. Throughout the next few centuries it was deforested for timber. In mid 1800’s the village of Parkwood Springs was built. Industry started to inhabit the riverside as well. Neepsend Power Station was built in 1902. Over the next few decades the northern end of the park was deforested and the residential areas started to enclose the park. The residential area expands and quarrying starts to take place on site. The power station was then decommissioned in 1967. Then it began to be demolished in 1980’s. The original ski village was opened in 1988 and closed in 2012. The landfill became the dominating operation of the park and has recently closed in 2014 and restoration has begun to create woodland and grassland, expected to be fully completed by 2020 and later mostly usable by people.
SOCIAL The map above shows a 3 km distance from the park giving a rough range of the communities that could be directly impacted by the enhancement of Parkwood Spring. This part of town reaches 41% of the population of Sheffield. This is because this area has a very high density of residents compared with the rest of the city. This area also has a large percentage of multicultural areas especially Burngrave to the south east of the park with 60% being a minority. This part of town also has 53% of people taking a car to work, 13% walk, 16% take the bus, and 17% use other means of transportation. Improvements to the public transportation could help to increase the number on public transport over taking a car, lowering emisions and providing health and social benefits to the users.
ECCLESFIELD PARSONS CROSS
CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIONS
CITY CENTRE
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
The diagram to the left shows schools in the surrounding area in purple. Buses Most of these schools are primary schools. The park could offer a great place within walking distance that can provide active recreation, outdoor There are several bus routes that go within a 20 minute walking distace of learning, forest school activies, short adventure holidays and much more. a park entrance but they are infrequent and few travel too and from the city centre. Most of the routes help to service the area to the north part Currently Parkwood Springs is most ideal for the pedestrian to get to of Sheffield. This makes this area difficult to get to if you are relying on because most of the entrances are pedestrian only, but most are not public transport alone. There are few stops close to site entrances making looked after, then lead to steep and hazardous paths going through it difficult for people with limited mobility to access the site. This could the site. There are several paths that run through the site but most of be improved with alteration to some bus stop locations and the possible them are grass or uneven dirt that can become slippery when it rains. addition of another route. The path that runs along the top ridge of the park has some sections that are gravel making them much easier to walk on. There can be great Trams improvements to the paths with minor construction. Most of the existing paths would only need added gravel to minimise slippery mud that forms The yellow line between Middlewood and Meadowhall goes within a 20 when it rains. The ridge path can be improved with asphalt or concrete so minute walking distance of the site. This help to give some more access that it is accessible for everyone. for people further away but it is still a lengthy walk to get to the park making it not an ideal way to travel to it. Walking connections to the site includ the Upper Don Walk and the There is a train line that goes through the site towards Stockbridge Kelham Island Trail. Both of these walks are depicted below. From the which does not have good connection to the city. However currently drawing of the Upper Don Walk the whole walk has easy to walk on paths this trainline is used about once a day for commercial use only, but a except the portion that runs through/adjacent to Parkwood Springs. plans are in place for this to end soon causing the railway to be in disuse. This cuts off the two halves of the walk from each other. There is great There is opportunity for this line to become a tram-train line, connecting potential in this area to create a connection between the two sides. This Stockbridge, Parkwood Springs and nearby residents, with the tram connection can also link up to the Kehlam Island portion of the walk. house at Nunery Square and further to the rest of the city in a more Kelham Island has new development bringing lots of residents and day eficient and quick way. visitors to the area that are in walking distance of the park. Creating an easier experience for walkers could help to bring more people to the west side of the park.
ECCLESFIELD PARSONS CROSS
CITY CENTRE
ECOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY TOPOGRAPHY Parkwood Springs sits on the side of one of the hills of Sheffield. It has a section of the Don River valley on the west side and the top of the hill on the east. This drastic change in elevation over a short distance creates some spaces of very steep landform. This type of landform will make new development only possible in certain areas like the north east corner and the valley bottom to the south west (this presents other issues that will be discussed in hydrology section). On the diagram to the left the contour lines are shown, helping to emphasis that the area by the railway line and the heathland are the steepest areas (excluding cliff formations) and need to be dealt with in a very careful manor. ECOLOGY Parkwood Springs has many different types of habitats from very rare to very common. From this broad statement we decided that enhancing habitats would be a prime focus. The diagram to the left shows the ecological value of the different habitats as different depths of colour. The dark green represents habitats of very high ecological value including the river corridor, ancients woodland, and the heathland. These are areas that need to be protected and possibly expanded. The next type of ecological value is high, taking up a large portion of the site. This mainly consists of the woodland that is throughout the site. This is of high ecological value because of the rare species of birds that have been found in it. The next type that takes up the next biggest area is the scrub which is of medium ecological value. Scrub is the ecological stage before it reaches becoming a woodland. Saying this though scrub is very easy to recreate if it is removed for other purposes. Rough grassland is also of medium ecological value for the same reasons as scrub, it is easy to recreate and is very common particular on this site. The rest of the site is of low or very low ecological value making them perfect spots for redevelopment. The exception to this is the landfill site that does not have any data currently but the proposed plan by Viridor will create new woodland and grassland.
HYDROLOGY Parkwood Springs shares some of the lower ground with the upper Don river valley. This can be a problem because it creates flood plains along the west side of the site. These areas include medium and high probability flood areas. As stated above in the topography section most of Parkwood springs in up a hill making it safe from flooding. The area of potential flooding is the developed industrial site. If this area is to be redeveloped it needs to think carefully about the flood risk of the zone. Sheffield as a whole has a much higher risk of flooding than the cities near by. This is most likely a combinations of the amount of rivers comig together and traversing through the city, and the minimal amount of permeable surface near the water. Parkwood Springs can help to mitigate some of the flood risk in the near area for normal seasonal flooding. A larger 50 or 100 year flood would not be able to be stopped by just this site but it could be linked up with many along the rivers to help stop the flooding. Widening the river or adding holding tanks could be relitively easy solutions. Below is a diagram of the potential flooding areas. The dark blue is the river and the lighter the shade of blue, the less at risk the area is for flooding. The river is not the only source of flooding potential on the site. Surface water can be a problem as well. The site of the landfill will cause a lot of surface runoff because of the impermeable surface to help control the methane gas existing landfill is continually producing. This could create small streams and erode the earth in several parts of the site. This can be helped with the creation of swales and ditches to capture the water and direct it away from development and other habitats.
RECREATION SUITABILITY The diagram to the left shows the suitability of recreation on the park. The dark green shows where is most suitable for recreation. From this it is obvious that most of the site is very suitable for recreation. Some of these areas are current recreation such as the playing fields, mountain bike trail and the old ski village. The northern end of the site is also ideal for recreation. This could range from multiple activities like zip-line and high ropes.
SUITABILITY STUDY
HOUSING SUITABILITY The diagram to the right is showing the suitability for placing housing development on the site. The darker the colour the more suitable the site is to accommodate for development. From this it is obvious that the development would be best suited at the northern end of the site. The south west side of the park (where current industry is) does not seem that suitable for housing. The reasons though are that this is in a flood plain as well as the character the of area is very much an industrious feel. With these being the reason there are ways to make the area more suitable. These things can include creating a SUDs scheme to help with surface water drainage from the park and a buffer zone of wetland to help with seasonal flooding. This area also housed the old Village and would be a historic revival to put it in the new development. Looking at both diagrams helps to show that the site is much more ideal to accommodate recreational activities than more invasive development. These two suitability diagrams help to inform the strategic plan that is to follow. RECREATION SUITABILITY
HOUSING SUITABILITY
STRATEGY
Parkwood Springs offers a lot of rich opportunities in creating a dynamic park. Existing heathland and cliffs give this site a unique chance to get a taste of the Peak District inside the city. The plan for this site is to create an Adventure Park in the city centre. This gives people the chance to get outdoors and go on an adventure without the need for driving out to the Peaks or further. This site will include the existing mountain bike trail, a new zip-line, a high ropes course, furter activity features and a restored ski slope. These activities will be sensitively scattered around the site with a visitor centre as the anchor. The site will be accessible for the public but the activities will need to be booked and paid for to be used. Along with this the existing habitats throughout the site will be enhanced to help connect the site better with the green network that runs through Sheffield. This includes extending the heathland further down the cliffs to create a view of the heather from the main drive in. Extending the woodland through the site will help to create more habitats as well as a feeling of enclosure in these spaces. Throughout the rest of the site there will be different types of grassland and meadow. Some of this grassland will be for sheep to be on Parkwood Springs. This will help to enhance the idea of the Peak district in the city. Areas of meadow will create a space for pollinators like bees and butterflies. The whole strategy runs in line with the Sheffield Sustainablility Agenda which involves flood alleviation, habitat enhancement, and new housing requirements.
KEY
PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCES VEHICULAR ENTRANCES ENHANCED ENTRANCES
VEGETATION
DEVELOPMENT
CIRCULATION AND ACCESS
The strategy for Parkwood Springs involves enhancing existing habitats as well as creating new ones throughout the site. In the diagrams above they show which habitats are being enhance (dark green), which will stay the same (light green), and proposed vegetation in blue. The habitats to be enhanced include the habitats from the ecological value study that have very high ecological value including the heathland and ancient woodland. The existing woodland is also being enhanced to give it more ecological value. The areas that will stay the same include the playing fields and the SSSI area by the rail line. The playing fields have a low ecological value but they are used by the community giving it a social value. The habitats that are being created range from extending woodland areas, extending heathland, rough grassland for farm animals, wildflower meadows, and wetland by the river to help with flooding.
The diagram above shows the difference in types of development throughout the site. Dark brown shows where existing buildings are to be demolish, medium brown showing enhancment to existing development, and the light brown being areas of existing development that will stay the same. The areas being demolished includ most of the industry on the site. We proposed that these businesses move to the other side of the river that has current industry with abandoned lots and buildings that could house the industry on site as well as provide easier connections to the city centre and main roads. The areas being enhance included the ski village and brewery building. Buildings being kept as they are include some of the industry and buildings associated with the landfill. Proposed development on the site mainly consists of housing along the west side and north corner. There will be a visitor centre in the centre of the site that will house the major stakeholders of the site and be the ‘go to’ place for visitors when they arrive.
The strategy for Parkwood Springs involves trying to use as much of the existing infrastructure as possible. The diagram shows the existing rail that runs through the site that will become a train-tram line to go from Stocksbridge to Meadowhall with a stop at Parkwood Springs and the city centre. Most of the existing roads will be kept and very few will be added, minimising cost on what are already appropriatly placed access routes. Oakham Dr and Vale Rd will be connected giving the visitor centre better access. For pedestrian paths, the main routes that will be enhanced goes along the ridge top and the other is along the river. These will be connected creating a wide circular route whihc will be improved as hard paths so everyone on foot or wheels can enjoy as much of the park as possible. Most of the proposed circulation will be gravel and dirt paths throughout the site. One additional entrance is proposed to the north of the site with another small parking lot being created.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEARNING MULTI-USE PATHS ENHANCED OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEARNING
HOUSING ZIP LINE OVER ENHANCED WOODLAND CELEBRATED VIEWS ENHANCING WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY FARMLAND ANIMALS WITH PUBLIC ACCESS
HIGH ROPES THROUGH ENHANCED WOODLAND
EXISTING PLAYING FIELDS MOUNTAIN SHOP & EVENT CENTRE EXISTING PLAYING FIELDS EXISTING MOUNTAIN BIKING TRAIL HEATHLAND & PEAK DISTRICT SAFETY TEACHING
HIKING
EXISTING GO KARTING
HOUSING SKI VILLAGE RESORTED EXISTING INDOOR SKATE PARK
ANCIENT WOODLAND
RIVER DON
RECREATION WOODLAND
PEDESTRIAN PATHS
WOODLAND
UPPER DON WALK
GRASSLAND
PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCES
HEATHLAND
VEHICULAR ENTRANCES
PLAYING FIELDS
ROADS
VISITOR CENTRE HOUSING INDUSTRY
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F UNDING THE PRO J E CT
Parkwood Springs can be self-funding. Here we describe how an income Parkwood Springs has the space, capacity, recreational and cultural can be made within the park to be used for the park. value, to inspire exhilarating new activities in a highly accessible location for those in Sheffield and beyond. A positive perception can We take inspiration from one of the UK’s leading educational adventure be reinstated a renewed love for locals local park for fun, multi-activity, providers called PGL. They create outdoor environments that inspire exercise and building friendships. All the while providing a successful learning through adventure with safe and ethical running of activites. income for the park by every activity being paid for and lead by trained staff, whether thats volunteer locals or paid members who will be recruited with time. Just like PGL, a visitors centre shall be the heart of the Park. This is where groups, families, schools will meet to book activites, meet instructors, get changed and put their feet up with a bite to eat if they’ve signed up for a whole day of adventure. Such adventures are listed below. Along with these, further educational events will be introduced, for interest of WE ARE PGL’ the general public as well as school groups. These may include exciting history tours, specialist training to become a adventure leader volunteer, forest school lessons, peak district ‘survival’. These will all celebrate the ‘We create life-enriching adventures for memories that last unique qualities of Parkwood Springs and its setting, bringing to life its A lifetime. Every year, we give schools and groups, active families and vast value and rich history. adventurous kids an experience they’ll never forget.` Unlike PGL centres, Parkwood Springs would still remain open for 24hourpublic use, only the built activity features will be safely secured PGL Travel Ltd. Established in 1957 and named after its founder, when not in use to prevent harm to any untrained visitor. Peter Gordon Lawrence, or more affectionately but unofficially named “Parents Get Lost” and “Pretty Good Laughs”.
‘To realise the inside, go outside
CATALYST FOR COMMUNITY Installing pockets of activity with sensitively throughout the park shall act to weave together the adrenaline seekers and peaceful strollers, the young and the old, both inspired to notice, enjoy and respect the beauty of the enhanced natural habitats in the park. Children are one of the most important catalysts for bringing communities together. Children quickly and easily make friends with no stigmas attached, bringing parents together, leading to bonds being formed across all ethnicities, backgrounds, beliefs and ways of life. Creating purposeful adventure spaces for children to have fun and build friendships could be the answer to bringing community together.
What is it?: A group of activity centres providing school activity courses & summer camps for children. Where are they?: 21 UK centres, 2 Spanish, 10 French, connections with numerous ski resorts, ‘Action Stations’ at Eurocamp in France and ‘Go Active’ at 6 UK Pontins sites.
Sheffield
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES Just Visiting? Free entry and easy, open access to the whole park, for all those not intending to use the equipment needing a trained leader. This equipment shall be safely inaccessible when not being used. ‘Adventure Groups’ Those visiting the park intending to use its additional adventure facilities. Booking is required for: Groups larger than 10 people School, College & nursery trips Faith Groups Sports Clubs Youth Groups
Brownies & Guides Cubs & Scouts Brigades and Cadets Adventure & Family Holidays Ages Under 5’s Regular events posted online for anyone to attend. For groups over 5 children, pre-booking is required. Activites include: Natural art and crafts Camp-fire with snacks Muddy play Woodland games Den building Pond dipping Nature exploration
Ages 10+ Including Adults To guarantee a space, pre-booking is advised. Activities include: Viridor Landfill Tour Park Habitat & History Tour Sports and Team games Zone Peak district ‘Survivor’ Aeroball High Ropes Adventure Low Ropes Adventure Fearless Absailing Rock Climbing Skiing Orienteering Indiana Jones SIII site Wild Wheels Cycling Pony Trekking and Riding
Archery Fencing Raft Building Kayaking Trapeze Jacobs Ladder Giant Swing Rifle Shooting Vertical Challenge Sensory Trail Problem Solving Challenge Course Leadership Challenge Go Karting Film Making Mission Spy Photography Adventure Well-being
This diagram shows how different interventions can lead Parkwood Springs to become a self-funded, poular active park. This will take place over a period of approximatly 10 years, starting with initial funding from sponsors and short term moves to create an initial profit. As the diagram demonstrated, profits will fluctuate over time, with spending occuring after profit growth so in theory the park never runs on debt. The major early interventions will be building the visitors centre, enhancing entrances and circulation and rebuiling a working ski village. These, along with others highlighted in dark green, in the long run will be the main contributors to park funds. Other interventions are described below, some being seasonal activites, others all year round, some producing a small profit and others with the potential for more.
Income from felling and clearing of land during restoration Building of the visitors centre
Volunteers from the community trained in special skills to bring in income for the park
Fixed rate parking meter in ‘woodland car park’
Enhancement of circulation
Selling land to developers for housing
Conference and teaching room booking
Local business and corporate donating
Funding: the Land Trust
Viridor Restoration complete and safe for people to enter site. Farmers invest financially in land, as well as being paid by ‘Visitor centre’ to work with them
Funding: ‘Rethinking Parks’byNesta
Ski Village reawakening
Chargeable Historic tours and Viridor landfill restoration information tour given by volunteers
Enhancements to existing habitats as well as new
Seasonalactivities: Lambing training, horticulture lessons...
Cafe in the Visitors Centre making profit
Phase 2 of activities: building facilities
Funding: Ecosystem Services
Bookings of activity days by groups to use facilities
Fund raising Phase 1 of activities: Payable activities for groups - Peak district Survival training adventure, mountain bike hire and lessons, activities needing no specialist equipment.
Innovation
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
Phase 2 of activities: building more facilities
Hiring of staff to lead specialist activities
YEAR 5
YEAR 10
Grassland area will be used as pasture for animals. The area has a steep slope making it perfect for sheep or cows. The area will help to show character of Peak District in the park. This retention pond will help to drain the surface water that comes from the landfill site. It will also help drain water from the visitor centre site. A pipe will constructed to help move the over flow water from the pond down the slope and under the railway line. This will empty into a large swale. Existing traveller/gypsy site. Mark Willis, a designer of traveller and gypsy sites, says from experience, traveller and gypsies would move if their surronding become popular to the public, concluding relocation to a council approved location is advised.
Woodland will be throughout the site to create habitats for wildlife and to give a juxtaposition to the city around it. The site currently has woodland throughout and through this plan it will be enhanced and new woodland created. This large swale will help to filter the water from the area around it and the landfill. This swale will help bring the system of water control to the surface so more people can learn about better ways to control water and flooding. Wetland will be adjacent to the river creating a buffer zone for flooding as well as creating a new habitat and a filtration area to clean the water. A residential community will be created in this area. It will help extended the area of the new Kelham Island development. Continued housing will invite people from across the river to walk through it into the park. It will be a “revival� of the old Parkwood Village and the use of the park as their adventure playground.
Playing fields will be kept and enhanced as they are used regularly and provided a service for the community. Visitor centre will be the heart of the park and the main hub for the activities throughout. There will be offices and meeting rooms that can be rented as well as classes and after school activities for the children in the area as well as a cafe welcoming any visitors.
MASTERPLAN OF THE VISITOR CENTRE
Hidden area for occasional services and waste disposal. The truck will come through and park and hidden from visitors via a timber gateway and pine trees. The ski village and slopes will be restored, building a new lodge and restoring the slopes. This will bring large numbers of people to the park of which a proportion of the profits will go directly into the park. Heathland area will be extend down the hillside to the main road creating a dramatic entrance for all who come to the park. This area will also create a little Peak District accessible for activites and within walking distance from the city centre. The cliffs in the park are protected SSSI features. The heathland will be extended nearby the cliffs, giving them a feel of peaks and opening them up to be viewed as prime features of the park. Woodland parking will allow for the park to have ample parking, approximately 250 spaces. These provide direct access to the heart of Parkwood Springs, the Visitors Centre, where activities are registered for. Other small, existing car parks are located evenly around the Park boundary for all sided access, enhanced as required.
Journey Threshold Entrance Journey
Arrival
Heart
The journey to the visitor centre takes time and helps people to feel getting away from the city before arriving. There are several points of thresholds and entrances before reaching the final one. The journey gives glimpses of the park and what it has to offer.
Two very large trees will grow to be the entrance gateway for the visitor centre. This will help create a journey and entrance like that of National Trust sites.
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Residential Community
Heathland
Grassland
Cliffs
Retention Pond
Woodland
Wetland
Parking
Under-story
River Don
Ski Village
Meadow
Oak Tree Entrance
10 20
50
Roads
Surface Runoff Water control on the site is important because of the risk of flooding from the river and the surface water from the landfill. The circled areas on the diagram above show where water can be held and filtered when it rains and floods. This should help to protect the new buildings from flooding as well as creating new habitats.
VISITOR CENTRE AND SKI VILLAGE
SSSI
The Visitor Centre will be the hub of the site. This will the first place most people go to in the park before visiting the rest. The visitor centre is situated where it is for several reasons. The main reason being that the old ski village was there and that was the most visited part of the park in the past. The next reason is that the visitor centre will be able to be seen from places like the Arts Tower and many of the residential tower blocks around. This will help to bring focus to the park because people will want to see what it is. As well as view to the centre the area will have views out to the rest of the city giving people the context of where they are in the city. Third the centre of the park seemed a prime spot because then once people arrive they can get to most of the park very easily. The visitor centre will house many different activities including after school activities, scouting events, wilderness training, school groups as well as many more. There will also be offices in the visitor centre to house organisations that are associated with the park like the Sea Cadets and the Friends of Parkwood Springs. A cafe will also be in the centre to provide food and drink to the visitors of the park. It will be situated on the first floor of the building giving it views over the city and ski slopes. The ski village will be adjacent to the visitor centre to share parking as well as creating a visitor hub in the park. The ski village will have a new building housing ski rental, classes, reception, as well as a lounge that echoes that of ski chalets in Switzerland and France. The current ski slopes will be restored and fitted with the new technology. Since the slopes are already there over all this will be minimal construction to help it open faster and save money.
VISITOR CENTRE
SKI VILLAGE
WOODLAND PARKING
WOODLAND
TRAM LINE
ENHANCEDEXISTINGWOODLAND
WOODLAND
ROAD
VISITOR CENTRE SKI SLOPES
SWALE
RUTLAND RD ENTRANCE WOODLAND PARKING HEATHLAND ENTRANCE GATEWAY SKI LODGE SHEFFIELD CITY CENTRE
ROAD
WETLAND
RIVER DON
RIVER AND WETLAND EXISTING VIRIDOR INDUSTRY
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE SWALE ‘CAPABILITY BROWN’ VIEWS
WOODLAND PARKING PROPPOSED HOUSING EXISTING PUB REJUVINATED
TRAIN-TRAM LINE RIVER DON WETLAND EXISTING RIVERSIDE VEGETATION
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LFO HIL
A61 PENISTONE WAY
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HEATHLAND AND MAIN ENTRANCE OAK TREE GATEWAY WOODLAND PARKING
BELT OF VEGETATION DISGUISING SKI SLOPES
SSSI CLIFFS EXTENDED HEATHLAND ENHANCEDEXISTINGWOODLAND ENHANCEDEXISTINGWOODLAND
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RIVER DON
WOODLAND
MAIN ROAD
HEATHLAND
CLIFFS
HEATHLAND
REFERENCES Site Matters: Designs Concepts, Histories, and Strategies edited by Carol Burns and Andrea Kahn The Landscape Urbanism Reader edited by Charles Waldheim Urban Wildscapes edited by Anna Jorgensen and Richard Keenan http://www.visitpeakdistrict.com/Ashbourne-Celebration-of-Animals-Service/details/?dms=3&venue=6074332&feature=1001 http://www.jetsongreen.com/2010/04/top-10-green-built-neighborhoods.html http://www.onthesnow.co.uk/news/a/13166/the-uk-s-dry-ski-slopes http://www.pgl.co.uk/en-gb/school-trips?gclid=CPqV8oCSitACFUa3Gwod_q4MEA Images were also taken from the following presentations from phase one Vegetation Hydrology, Topography and Landfill Social Profile Ciculation Landscape Character Assessment