Romantic Era Times - For all you 1860s Folk

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Featured Articles Alcohol Abuse………………………………...…….………p. 1-5 New Hope For The Convicted………………………...p. 6 Transcendentalism………………………………………..p. 7 Short Story Novelists…………………………..……...…p. 8-9 Mistreatment & Treatment…………….…….….....….p. 10 The Second Great Awakening………………….....…..p. 11 The Reinvented Steamboat……….……….…………...p. 12 Interviewing A Legend/ Typewriter………………...p. 13 Telegraph………………………………………………….….p. 14 Look into Childhood……………………………….....….p. 15-16 Who’s Who?...........................................................p. 16-18 Citations………………………………………………...……..p.19

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Alcohol Abuse When the era of Manifest Destiny was beginning, the average Americans were eating a decidedly unhealthy diet.

Usually after eating their meal, they would wash it down with quantities of alcohol, which seemed perfectly normal at the time. Many Americans drank more alcohol in this time period than any other time in the history of the nation.

Since alcohol abuse was reaching levels higher than ever before. There was a concern that many with limited income, wer wasting their meager resources on strong drink, and, as a result neglecting their families. Efforts focused on persuading them to “take the pledge” not to abstain, but to drink in moderation.

In the 19th century people became troubled by the rise in drinking.

Then the rate of drinking tripled, meaning that the typical drinker would consume nearly half a pint of distilled alcohol everyday.

On June 22, 1832 my crew and I interviewed Edgar Allan Poe. He is an American poet, short-story writer and a veteran; he is best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre​ .​ Mr. Poe has had a somewhat successful career so far although he is starting to gain many critics. Many of his critics are starting to believe that he is abusing alcohol. We walked into his office with the same mindset of the critics, however when we started interviewing him, our opinions about him slowly began to change.

First we started asking him about any recent or significant trials he went through. When he was only one years old,his parents had separated and unfortunately soon after his mother died. His father would not support him with his schooling even though his 2

father inherited his brother’s death insurance. Mr. Poe could not support himself so he enlisted in the Army; he was doing extremely well until his stepmother died. Edgar Poe moves back home and then applies to Westpoint (an elite military college) which his father supports, although he got kicked out a few months later.

Because of all the things he went through many people started to believe he was abusing alcohol which was not the case. Normally people would have a drink or two a day which was what Poe tells us that was what he did. He was seen out drinking at bars because he simply did not keep any in his home. We asked if we could look around to see if he was telling the truth, and frankly he was.

Although we wonder why people judged Poe the way they did, my crew and I believe that he wasn't an alcoholic abuser.

click link for QR code

https://drive.google.com/drive/my-drive

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ALCOHOL ABUSE ​ and

Life

A​

a​

s I walked around town, I asked Susan Woodford, Patrick Williams, and

the Callen family about who their favorite poets were. “Two years ago, I had a serious drinking problem.” The poem “I Tasted a Liquor Never Brewed” by ​ Emily Dickinson​ , helped me get over my addiction.” said Susan.

Mr. Patrick Williams also had an alcohol problem, where he neglected everything he had like​ his family, job, and reputation as a ​ Christian. “While I was drinking, I neglected everything that I had, I let my church and family down. If I didn’t stop, I would’ve had nothing,” Patrick said. “Then, I read this poem called “Drinking Versus Thinking” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. ​ He helped me realize what good was drinking if I knew that I almost lost everything, so I finally stopped drinking and got my life back together.”

Drinking Versus Thinking by Samuel Taylor Coleridge My Merry men all, that drink with glee This fanciful Philosophy,

Pray tell me what good is it?

If _antient Nick_ should come and take, The same across the Stygian Lake,

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I guess we ne'er should miss it.

Away, each pale, self-brooding spark

That goes truth-hunting in the dark, Away from our carousing!

To Pallas we resign such fowls--

Grave birds of wisdom! ye're but owls, And all your trade but _mousing_!

My merry men all, here's punch and wine, And spicy bishop, drink divine!

Let's live while we are able.

While Mirth and Sense sit, hand in glove, This Don Philosop hy we'll shove

Dead drunk beneath the table!

After talking to Mr. Williams, I went to the residence of the Callen family.

I asked Mrs. Clara Callen and her children who their favorite poet was. I was told by her youngest daughter, Amy Callen that they didn’t have a favorite poet because they would always read poems by the fireplace. “Our favorite poem was by ​ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow​ called “A Psalm of Life,” Clara said. “We are a very Christian family and we only read Christian poems by the fireplace.” ​ By: Marquisha Anty

Authors : Marquisha, Carmine, Tatiyana Illustrations: Carmine & Marquisha

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New hope for the convicted New​ ideals are flowing through this country like water through an aqueduct. We are becoming more and more educated, even our prisoners are becoming more educated. In America, we allow our prisoners to be mistreated and neglected.

We’ve overlooked how they are treated because they were separated and not a threat to us, the common people. We never stopped to think about how they will return to our society. Of course, it would make sense for them to repeat their actions.

Adults need a bit more than a session in timeout to truly readjust to society.

​ Jonathan Riece​ , an ex inmate at Walnut Street prison, was kind enough to sit down and have a chat with us about his time inside. We asked Jonathan to explain his daily routine.

“We woke up early, and they fed us. After that, we were immediately put to work. Hard, manual labor, all while having to remain as silent as possible for 10 hours a day. But that wasn’t the worst part”, he said, “the worst part was the overcrowded, dirty, disease ridden cesspool that was the entire facility. Our cells were freezing, dirty, and dangerous”. These inmates are people, just like us, the only difference is that they made a few mistakes. You may want to think about that while you’re cozy in your bed.

Prisons​ should loosen their rules and respect the rights of their inhabitants. They should teach and help the inmates become hardworking contributions to society. It was believed that this is where the idea of prison reform through education takes root. We will continue to monitor this budding flower of progress as it becomes a beautiful example of American innovation.

To truly hit home with the American people, a first hand account is probably needed.

Evan Peterson and Tyler Medloc

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Transcendentalism What is it really?

By: Reid and $Geezy

During the nineteenth century an American literary, political, and philosophical movement began. It was a reaction against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality. Beginning in New England transcendentalism produced a native blend that was romantic, intuitive, and ethically engaged. Transcendentalism operated with the sense that a new era was at hand. It gave the world a chance to believe in the power of being an individual. Ralph Waldo Emerson expressed his thoughts of being an individualist by creating brilliant and wide­ranging essays.

Followers of the transcendentalism period were against conformity. In the words of Emerson, “an original relation to the universe.” These were his words to express what he thought about the new era. What he meant by “an original relation” is like what we mean by an individual thought. He believed in the fact that people should be themselves.

They should not use other people's thoughts and believes as their own they should be original.

Other famous writers who also believed in these statements were men like Henry David Thoreau, Amos Bronson Alcott,Frederic Henry Hedge, and Theodore Parker. Like Ralph, Henry David Thoreau put his fingers on those truths by merging nature and spiritual autobiography. Henry’s work named Walden still remains central to American literature. At this point in time, everyone began to have their own thoughts and opinions. This was the start of, or break out of people being individuals. You could say that at this point everyone began to be themselves. attacked.

….then everything changed when the fire nation

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Short Story Novelists E​ dgar Allan Poe A​ n American writer, editor and literary critic, he is mostly known for his poetry and short stories. The most famous poem was​ The Raven​ (1845) known for its stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere.

H​ ere is just a couple of his works: -

Tell-Tale Heart (1843) The Raven (1845) Lenore (1843) Annabel Lee (1849) The Gold Bug (1843) The Black Cat (1843)

T​ ell-Tale Heart​ (1843) is one of the many books that Edgar

wrote, the story is investigating a man's paranoia. Many people say it is one of the darkest books Edgar has written and it makes the reader question whether that main character is crazy or not. https://goo.gl/yGhCRL

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N​ athaniel Hawthorne, very famous American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer.

Nathaniel wrote many famous short stories, such as The Scarlet Letter. Some of the stories he wrote are: The White Old Maid (1835), The Birthmark (1843),The Scarlet Letter (1850), and The House of the Seven Gables (1851). Hawthorne developed a style of writing romance fiction representative of what he believes.

(​ The Scarlet Letter ​ by Nathaniel Hawthorne, adulteress Hester Prynne must wear a scarlet A to mark her shame) Many of the tales and novels that Hawthorne wrote focused on a type of historical fiction, even though Hawthorne’s thinking of the past is used as an idea to express themes of sin, guilt and retribution.His themes sometimes center around evil and sin of humanity, and his writings have moral messages to them also. ​

By Wil & Cahshauna

Mistreatment & Treatment Mistreatment and Treatment of the Mentally Ill

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How Are The Mentally Ill Really Being Treated?

Mistreatment

No one is allowed to visit the patients. It’s not like there would be visitors, because the mentally ill are usually abandoned by family and sent to asylums. Although, you can pay a penny to watch the violent patients on display as a freak show. How much more inhumane can the world get?

Electroconvulsive Therapy was another way they tried to Hailey Ouzts treat illnesses. The therapy We may think that the was used to intentionally mentally ill are being taken cause a seizure that could care of while living in possibly reverse chemicals in asylums, but we’ve the brain and help symptoms discovered otherwise. of some mental illnesses.

Treatment for the

Mentally Ill

Lauryn Parris

Although the treatments

were meant to help the Mentally ill patients being restricted

patients, many of the

Many are imprisoned with treatments had a negative

effect on the mentally ill. One criminals. They’re shackled “The Gyrating Chair” invention, the Gyrating Chair, to a wall, beaten, and left

was meant to shake blood unclothed in dark, cramp

and tissue and return the cells. Most staff aren’t trained

body to equilibrium, but it did and treat the patients worse

not have any cases of than animals. Not having

heat, beds, or bathrooms­ the success. It only resulted in

unconsciousness for most ill have to sit in their own

patients. Some ministers feces. They have to wear

believed the only treatment collars around their necks

was to have the patients which constricts them. attend church.

The Second Great Awakening

​

By: Hayley Madden & Tyler Gallman

The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement that happened during the early 19th 10

century in the United States. This movement was led by preachers of Baptist and Methodist churches. The movement began around 1790, but it gained momentum by 1800 and by 1820 the movement grew rapidly. In fact, with these denominations being evangelistic, this led to the formation of other different denominations, however these denominations were very similar.

In the 1830s people would gather around the ministers on a stage. This was a huge part of the movement. (Image above)

Once The Second Great Awakening kicked off, it made the churches of different denominations grow in great masses.​ The new denominations that grew from the religious ferment of the Second Great Awakening are the Churches of Christ, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), The Seventh Day Adventist Church, and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada.

The Second Great Awakening was best known for its large camp meetings which had people surrounding the preachers of the churches while they were teaching about God. Many of the early religious groups were emphasizing on you only being able to be saved by the grace of God, but the later on evangelical group were focusing more of “free will” and that salvation was open to all human beings.Their messages sometimes would even move people so much, that several people decided to become ministers of churches. The second great awakening was moving to mainly all of the united states, and it has helped us better our country.

The Reinvented Steamboat What runs on steam and floats? I think it's a steamboat!!!

By: Marco Guareschi & Ben Kinney

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“The power of propelling boats by steam is now fully proved.” by Robert Fulton. The father of steam navigation

The New Thing _____________________________________________________________________

M​

onday, August 17th, 1807,

Today we observed a steamboat sailing in the harbor. Robert Fulton, the man behind the first commercially successful steamboat might be long gone but his invention had a major impact on our society. Robert became known as the ¨father of steam navigation¨ after the death of John Fitch. Robert Fulton changed the way of life for many Americans.

The steamboat ​ enabled relatively fast and comfortable travel across the rivers and waterways of the US and some people even held steamboat races. By the 1860s and 1870s, some steamboats had grown to huge sizes.

The Robert E. Lee of 1866 was over 285 feet long. The J.M. White, built in 1878 was even larger at 313 feet in length. The steamboat had grown in less that 50 years from a small, simple craft to a floating paradise. Steamboats were not without dangers. Fires and boiler explosions were not rare. In the first 40 years of the steamboat era, several thousand people had been hurt or killed in over 500 steamboat disasters. In conclusion, thanks to Robert Fulton, the lives of Americans were changed greatly, however, some lost their lives in the earlier stages of the steamboat.

Click the link or scan the code for a modern world connection: ​ https://goo.gl/kPMWbM

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Interviewing a Legend Aubre Sanders & Amalia Huertas

We got the chance to sit down with Melville. These were his words: “As I was traveling to my father's store, the carriages were rushing past me down the street of New York. I finally arrived at my father's store, these were good times. We were wealthy and well known, but that was short lived because we went into debt. So by the young age of 15. I had to work as a clerk, farmer, and teacher to earn money.

I went to the South Pacific at the age of 19 , and spent several years working on whaling ships. I came back to the U.S in 1844 with the bright idea of starting a career as a Novelist. My ideas were more fictional than realistic, due to them coming from my adventures in the South East. I’ve written a few popular novels, such as Typee (1826), Omoo (1847), Mardi (1849), and the novel Moby- Dick.”

We enjoyed having the opportunity to interview Mr. Melville.

Moby -Dick​ was written nine years ago. I wonder how it will become popular in the future.

The Typewriter Invented in 1714, Recreated by Christopher L Sholes in 1867. The Typewriter helped revolutionize the way writers typed from now in the future and you can find yours today at your at your nearest shop around the corner or down the road. For the low price of $100 for one of your very own

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Telegraph

Noah Turner Who Invented it?

Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by ​ Samuel Morse​ 1791­1872 and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long­distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations.

In 1844, Morse sent his first telegraph message, from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore, Maryland; by 1866, a telegraph line had been laid across the Atlantic Ocean from the U.S. to Europe. Although the telegraph had fallen out of widespread use by the start of the 21st century, replaced by the telephone, fax machine and Internet, it laid the groundwork for the communications revolution that led to those later innovations.

The Telegraph.

This invention revolutionized long distance communication. ​ It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. In addition to helping invent the telegraph, Samuel Morse developed a code (bearing his name) that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across telegraph lines.

Talk about it?

Today we interviewed Peter Black on what he thought about the telegraph. He said that there is both good and bad talk about the telegraph, but I personally think it's a great thing because now we can talk across long distances. This will help advance technology .

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The advances it will provide.

Prior to the telegraph the only way to talk was through letters or in person. But now with the telegraph we can send messages over long distances. Yeah it may take a while for the message to get there but it will get there eventually. The telegraph will provide many advances in technology and society. All though many people couldn't afford the telegraph just the idea of it working was very exciting. Also it changed politics because they did not have to travel long distances just to have a meeting. It made politics ten times better and made it more efficient.

A Look into Childhood https://goo.gl/ffKzhN

Visit this link to get a modern world perspective on the topic:

R​

ecently we interviewed Mrs. Mary Stewart. Her child,

George Stewart works in a factory on twenty second Maine street. We asked her about the work conditions George worked in and the amount of pay he receives. Her response was, “Since George is nine years old, he is allowed to work in the factory.

Sometimes he works twelve to fifteen hours a day, with a very short break. Most times my George doesn't even eat lunch because he doesn't have time.” Mary claims her child is required to work near and use large, heavy, and dangerous equipment.

Mary said, “Often times, George comes home with cuts and scrapes.” She also informed us that last week George’s friend James had a finger get stuck in one of the machines. He was rushed to the emergency room, where he had his finger stitched up. “Just recently,” Mary said, “the Factory Act of 1833 helped children working in factories get paid a fraction of what the adults get.” Mary claims that George is sometimes treated harshly by the owners of the factories. Sometimes the children in factories are whipped and punished for something as simple as 15

being late or not working hard enough. This is a crisis that we need to change to have a better future.

Over the past several decades, we have been indulging in new forms of technology and new ways of scientific thinking. For the sake of documenting this historical movement for future generations, I’ve compiled a series of interviews with our latest influential poets, essayists , lecturers, journalists, novelists, dark romantics, writers, editors and literary critics. These people have contributed to the development of America by sharing their creativity and publicizing the views of this day and age.

Who’s Who? -The Romantic Era in America-

~Death begins with life’s first breath and life begins at the touch of death~

Romantics The Poet?

Alyssa Williams Kara Ridlehuber

“Long Islander”

Master of Horror

Alyssa Williams ________________​ _______

Alyssa Williams

_______________________ _​ Walt Whitman, a poet, essayist, journalist and humanist has been competing with us in his own 16

_______________________ _

_______________________

Emerson, a well­known poet, essayist and lecturer, developed a taste for reading as a child. In his teenage years he decided to attend (continued on following pg) (continued from Emerson) Boston Latin School and also attended the Harvard Institution to further his knowledge for literature and writing. Throughout his life, He has written many short stories, his best­known article is named “​ Self­Reliance​ ”.

During this time of publication, his wife became sick with tuberculosis and unfortunately took a turn for the worst. While grief took over, he threw himself into his work and soon became known as a champion of individualism and a critic of countervailing pressures of society. Stating that, “​ For all men live by truth, and stand in need of expression. In love, in art, in avarice, in politics, in labor, in games, we study to utter our painful secret. The man is only half himself, the other half is his expression” ​ he is spreading his thoughts through dozens of published essays and traveling to give lectures all around the United States, he is known as “The poet”.

Emerson continues to travel the world to spread his work

newspaper, the “Long Islander”. In it he displays the transition between transcendentalism and realism. He has contributed to society in many other ways. Such as being a (continued on following pg) ​ (continued from Whitman) teacher,government clerk, and a volunteer nurse in the civil war. His most famous work, which you may be most familiar with, “Leaves of Grass” has allowed the public to see into the changes of society and for all the societies to come. Just remember, as Whitman says, “Keep your face always toward the sunshine ­ and shadows will fall behind you.” and be sure to buy a copy of his newspaper. _______________________

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_​ Edgar Allan Poe, a writer, editor, and literary critic, is best known for his poetry and short stories, Particularly, his tales of mystery and the massacre. These tales initiate the start of (continued on following pg) (continued from Poe) modern detection and will keep you on edge throughout the entire story. during our interview, Poe stated, ​ “I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity.”

The atmosphere and the environment that Poe submerges himself in, affects American Fiction, which creates so much success throughout his life and opens the door for many more writers to come. _______________________ _

and make an impact through his writing. _______________________ _

Women in writing?

Kara Ridlehuber

Emily Dickinson, an American poet and a major figure in American Literature, is a very secluded introvert, who keeps herself hidden in her room to write poetry throughout the day. so far, only seven of her poems have been published. you may know some of her work, ​ “Because I could Not Stop For Death” ​ or ​ “I had no time to Hate because…” ​ ​ ​ Dickinson has not only displayed the dark fantasies of this era but also displayed how women can contribute to the writings of history.

When we asked her how she thought it proper for a woman to publish her own works she answered, ​ “Forever is composed of nows.” so perhaps, in the years to come we will see more women like dickinson contribute to society.

For a modern world perspective click the link or scan the code :) https://goo.gl/DyosR0

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Citations

Short Story Novelists (Wil & Cahshauna) ● "Edgar Allan Poe Museum : Poe's Life, Legacy, and Works : Richmond, Virginia." ​ Edgar Allan Poe Museum : Poe's Life, Legacy, and Works : Richmond, Virginia​ . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ http://www.poemuseum.org/​ >. ● http://www.biography.com/people/edgar­allan­poe­9443160 ● http://www.britannica.com/biography/Nathaniel­Hawthorne

A Look into Childhood (Treshawn & Tye’jah) ● http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/childlabor.html

Telegraph (Noah Turner) ● http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/telegraph

The Second Great Awakening (Hayley & Tyler) ● http://www.ushistory.org/us/22c.asp

Alcohol Abuse and a Life (Marquisha Anty) ● "Drinking Versus Thinking." ​ Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Poem:​ . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ http://www.readbookonline.net/readOnLine/37730/​ >. ● Emily Dickinson ­ Emily Dickinson Poems ­ Poem Hunter. "Emily Dickinson ­ Emily Dickinson Poems ­ Poem Hunter." ​ Poemhunter.com​ . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ http://www.poemhunter.com/emily­dickinson/​ >. ● Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ­ Poem Hunter. "A Psalm Of Life Poem." ​ Poemhunter.com​ . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/a­psalm­of­life/​ >. ● "Poetry: I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed by Emily Dickinson." ​ Lords of the Drinks​ . N.p., 22 Sept. 2013. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ http://lordsofthedrinks.com/2013/09/22/poetry­i­taste­a­liquor­never­brewed­by­emily­dickinson/​ >.

Alcohol Abuse (Carmine & Tytianna) ● http://poestories.com/timeline.php ● http://www.eapoe.org/geninfo/poealchl.htm

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● ●

http://www.eapoe.org/geninfo/poealchl.htm http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/claybaugh/files/claybaugh_scribners_temperance.pdf

The Reinvented Steamboat (Ben and Marco) ● Holt, B. "Steamboat Fact Sheet." ​ Steamboat Fact Sheet​ . 2002. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. http://www2.gcs.k12.in.us/bholt/Steamboats.htm

New Hope for the Convicted (Evan and Tyler Medlock) ● “​ 19th Century Prison Reform (7A)." ​ ReformProject ­​ . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ https://reformproject.wikispaces.com/19th+Century+Prison+Reform+(7A)​ >.

Treatment of the Mentally Ill (Hailey and Lauryn) ● "The History of Mental Illness: From "Skull Drills" to "Happy Pills"" RSS. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. ● "Treatment Of Mental Illness In The 1800s." Treatment Of Mental Illness In The 1800s. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.

Interviewing A Legend/ The Typewriter (Aubre & Amalia) ● The literature book

Transcendentalism What is it really? (Reid and Sarah Grace) "What Is Transcendentalism?" ​ What Is Transcendentalism?​ N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ http://www.transcendentalists.com/what.htm​ >. ● Goodman, Russell. "Transcendentalism." ​ Stanford University​ . Stanford University, 06 Feb. 2003. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <​ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/transcendentalism/​ >.

Kara & Alyssa

● Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. ●

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