A THESIS BY CHARMIAN LUI
A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The NewSchool of Architecture & Design
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture
by Charmian Lui June 2018 San Diego, CA
I
Copy Right Notice © 2018 Charmian Lui
II
All Rights Reserved
A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of The NewSchool of Architecture & Design
By Charmian Lui
Approved by:
Undergrad Chair
Date
Studio Instructor
Date III
Thesis Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was defined in 1943 by Leo Kanner
Control
and
( Ka n n e r, 1 9 4 3) .
estimates
autism’s
According
to
Autism
Prevention
(CDC)
prevalence
as
1
Speaks, ASD is a range of condition
in
that
have
Based on problems occur along with
with
ASD diagnosis cases increase, there
nonverbal
is a lack of education and resources
repetitive
available
children
challenges social
or
and
skill,
adult
difficulties
speech
and
communication,
59
children
to
our
in
United
society
States.
causing
a
behaviors, as well as by unique and
negative stigma. The hypothesis in
special
this study is to design a space that
of
difficulties.
strengths The
term
and
“Spectrum”
capable
of
accommodating
refer a wide variation in challenges
people
and different ability by each person
non-autistic people.
with ASD that no one has exactly the same symptoms caused by different combinations
of
genetic
and
influences from the environment.
IV
According to Centers for Disease
living
with
autism
both and
TOO MUCH
BEING FRAME Figure A
“BEING FRAME” by Author
V
Dedication
To
my
fa m i l y
and
friends
always support and love me.
VI
That day is the happiest day with my brother driving around DTLA Greg, Do you remember this picture?
Figure B
“ 1 0 1 F R E E WAY ” by Aut h or
VII
Acknowledgements
Thank you my professor Dan Manlongat! Thank you my mentor Joanne McAllister and Hannah Hobbs! Thank you professor Amin Espandiari! Thank you professor Allision Riley! T h a n k y o u a l l p r o fe s s o r s a n d s t a f fs f r o m E L AC ! Thank you class 2018! Thank you my roomates! Thank you Charlie, Chanel and Hiro San, wolf wolf! Thank you to all of you for helping me in the thesis year and my architecture life!
VIII
Always Appreciated Always Humble, Kind and Honest
IX
By Charmian Lui
02
01 Problem Statment
Statistics
Critical Postion
Impairments of ASD
Thesis Statment
ASPECTSS™ design index
Autism is NOT a problem!
Nature
06
Research & Analysis
05
Introduction
Design Solution Floor Plans
Design Prototype
Section Drawings
Floor Plan
Elevation Drawings
Section
Details Drawings
Elevation
Renderings
Architectural Elements
Summary of AR 503
Summary of AR 501 + 502
04
03 Design Development
Design Development Contiune
Case Studies
To p o l o g y A n a ly s i s
Hazelwood School (Material) Advanced Special Needs Education Center
Program Development Master Plan Form Generation Concept
(ASPECTSS™ index) Katsura Imperial Villa (Zen Design) Market Hall @ Rotterdam (Program)
Concept Development Site Selection Preliminary Sites Selected Site Analysis
Architecture Elements Sensory Zoning
01
BEING WIRED
Introduction Problem Statment Critical Postion Thesis Statment Figure C
Autism is NOT a problem!
“BEING WIRED” by Author 1
Introduction
Introduction The
research
environmental related
to
is
design
investigating and
ASPECTSS™
spatial
index,
basic
design
mental
that
health
design and neuroscience architecture regarding the
design
of
sensory
cue
thesis
will
guideline
of
light,
for
c o l or,
people
develop
material
living an
architectural
with
usage autism.
as
a
The
innovative
design
design
people
for
living with autism as well as non-autistic users that allowing them to adapt to space easily.
2
What’s the Problem?
Problem Statement In our society, there is a lack of education and resources autism,
causing
architect they
available
or
do
concern
to
a
help
have
design?
living
understand
stigma. ASD
in
To d ay ’s
non-autistic people
people
negative
designer
a
represents
to
mind
an
when
architecture
people with
Does
and
autism,
lacks causing
s t r e s s t o t h e i r fa m i l i e s a n d s c h o o l s . T h e ex i s t i n g built
environment
such
as
schools,
grocery
stores and most public spaces are not capable of accommodating unless
the
for
space
people is
living
specifically
with
autism
designed
for
them. Indeed, it is important to design a space that
is
autism
accommodating and
non-autistic
for
people
users.
living
Autism
is
with not
a
problem!
3
Scope
Critical Position People
living
with
autism
observe
the
world
different from neurotypical people(normal brain development people). That does not mean should be
separated
people
living
with
ASD
from
neurotypical people in our society. Architect and designer
should
create
a
new
design
guideline
for a space that capable of accommodating people w it h A S D a n d n on-a ut i s t i c u s e r. T h i s n ew d e s i g n guideline
could
be
a
solution
to
negative
influences from society affect people living with ASD
in
their
human right.
4
daily
life,
job
opportunity
and
Rethinking Architectural design
Thesis Statement Autism is not a problem and should not separate people
living
Numerous affect
autism
negative
people
fa m i l i e s .
with
The
living future
from
influences with of
the
society.
from
society
autism
and
architectural
their design
should be capable of accommodating both people living with autism and non-autistic users.
5
6
“Rethink of Autism T h i n k I C A N , n o t I C a n ’ t ”. C h r i s Va r n e y Founder + Chief Enabling Officer of I CAN Network
Chris was diagnosed as high-functioning autism when he was a child.
M r. Va r n e y ’ s q o u t e a n d h i s t e d t a l k ( Va r n e y, 2 0 1 3 ) inspired me to choose Autism as my thesis topic. I believe people with ASD can do anything with try and pratice baesd on brain plasticity.
7
02 Research & Analysis Statistics
BEING TESTED
Impairments of ASD ASPECTSS™ design index Figure D
Nature
“BEING TESTED” by Author 8
Statistics
AUTISM WITHIN SPECIAL EDUCATION 2000-2015 18.71%
20% 18% 16% 14%
12.65%
12% 10% 8% 6% 4%
2.58%
2% 0%
2.16% 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
ORANGE COUNTY CALIFORNIA Figure 2.1 Autism within special education 2000-2015 (Thompson Poolicy Institue & Champman University, 2016 )
The graph is showing there is a trend that increasing of ASD diagnosed within special 9
education.
HOW MANY CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN UNITED STATES
1:59
1:37
59%
CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
BOYS WITH AUTISM
TEENAGER WITH AUTISM
IN UNITED STATES
IN UNITED STATES
1 6 Y E A R S O R O L D E R H AV E N O T LOOKED FOR WORK IN UNITED STATES
Figure 2.2 How many childern with autism in US (CDC, 2018) and working status numbers (Thompson Poolicy Institue & Champman University, 2016)
10
Impairments in ASD
R E S T R I C T E D / R E P E T I T I V E B E H AV I O R AGITATION/ AGGRESSION HYPERACTIVITY/ IMPULSVITY INSISTENCE ON SAMENESS SENSORY ABNORMALITIES
SOICAL INTERACTION DOES NOT UNDERSTAND FACIAL EXPERSSION
AND GESTURE
ADVOID EYE CONTACT LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT DOES NOT UNDERSTAND OTHER PEOPLE EMOTION AND MEANING
UNUSUAL SENSORY PERCEPTION LOUD NOISES HYPER OR HYPO SENSITIVE TO TOUCH & PRESSURE BRIGHT LIGHT BUZZ SOUND FROM LIGHT FIXTURE
MENTAL HEALTH & PHYSICAL DIFFICULITIES ANXIETY DEPRESSION CLUMSINESS M AY H AV E AT T E N T I O N - D E F I C I T/ H Y P E R AC T I V I T Y D I S O R D E R ( A D H D)
11
Figure 2.3 Impairments in ASD by Author
ASPECTSS™ DESIGN INDEX
ASPECTSS™ architecture ASD.
design design
ASPECTSS™
index
is
the
guidelines
design
index
evidence for is
people
based with
comprised
of
seven criteria to direct the architecture design fo r A S D fa c i l i t y ( M o s t a fa , 2 0 1 4 ) .
12
Minimize background noise, echo and reverberation A vary acoustical control in different stimulus zone Higher level acoustical control in low-stimulus zone Acoustical control should be from high level to low level that accommodated typical environment
Affinity of people with ASD to routine and predicability Organizing the spaces in logical order Simple and straightfoward circulation Minimal disruption and distraction
Provide a space to people with ASD from over-stimulation Small separate space from the room Provide a neutral sensory environment with minimal stimulation User can customized the sensory input
Figure 2.4 ASPECTSS™ design index diagram by Author 13
Limit the sensory environmment of each space in the building
C ompartmentalization
Clearly define the function of space and consequent sensory quality Different color flooring, level or variances lighting in between each space Provide sensory cue the expecting result with minimal ambiguity
The bridging in between spatial sequencing and sensory zoning
T ransitions
Readjust a senses of user as they move from one space to next space Distinct node to indicate for different space
S ensory
Design the space with quality sitmulation for people with ASD
Zoning
Grouping spaces for people with ASD that not overwhelming them
Advoid a sharp edges and corners
S afety
Need more concern to the safety in design
Figure 2.5 ASPECTSS™ design index diagram by Author 14
Nature
Nature
is
improve engaging.
15
a
stimulus
their
motor
to
people
skill
with
with
all
ASD
and
senses
Figure E
“NATURE” by Author
16
03 Design Development Case Studies Hazelwood School (Material) Advanced Special Needs Education Center (ASPECTSS™
design index)
Katsura Imperial Villa (Zen Design) Market Hall @ Rotterdam (Program)
Concept Development Site Selection
B E I N G S E P A R AT E D
Preliminary Sites Figure F
Selected Site Analysis
“BEING SEPARATED” by Author 17
Case Studies Material
H A Z E LW O O D S C H O O L @ G L A S G O W, S C O T L A N D Architect: Alan Dunlop [Alan Dunlop Architect Limited] Date completed: 2007 Building type: Education Location: Glasgow Client: Glasgow City Council Figure 3.1 Hazelwood School
18
Summary Hazelwood School design concept is based on sensory. the
Environment
independent
awareness
sense
improve
could and
help
act
as
sensory cues for people with ASD and people with
senses
impairment.
route
and
access
guide
themselves
are to
A
simple
allowing
the
circulation
users
destination.
easy
to
Sensory
w a l l i s m a d e of a d i ffe r e nt c o l or, t ex t u r e , a n d materials.
Figure 3.2Hazelwood School interior space
Analysis The project is successful to perform a simple circulation
and
the
material
wall
is
a
good
sensory cue for people with ASD.
Figure 3.3 Surrounded by Nature by Author
F i g u r e 3 . 4 : S e n s o r y Wa l l by Au t h o r
19
C ompartmentalization
ASPECTSS™ design index
A DVA N C E D S P E C I A L N E E D S E D U C AT I O N C E N T E R Architect: M a g d a M o s t a fa [Progressive architects]
T ransitions
Building type: Education Location: Cairo, Egypt
S ensory
Zoning
S afety
20
Figure 3.5: ASPECTSS™ design index by Author
Summary Advance
special
needs
education
center
design concept is based on ASPECTSS™ design index. ASPECTSS™ design index has 7 criteria including
Acoustics,
Escape
Space,
Spatial
Sequencing,
Compartmentalization,
Tr a n s i t i o n z o n e s , S e n s o r y Z o n i n g , a n d S a f e t y . Building design with ASPECTSS™ design index allows
minimizing
overwhelms buzzing
the
children
noise
surroundings.
from The
sensory
with
autism.
lighting design
input
or is
Such
noises
that as
a
from
providing
a
simple circulation for transitional from each space to keep users daily routine.
Analysis The building design is allowing users to learn how to navigate less controlled environments i n o r d e r t o a v o i d a " T h e G r e e n H o u s e E f f e c t ". I t means the user is protecting from stimuli and allow
them
to
adapt
a
different
level
of
stimulation within each space in the building.
21
Zen Design
KATSURA IMPERIAL VILLA@KYOTO, JAPAN Date complete: 17th Century Building type: Residential Location: K a t s u r a m i s o n o , N i s h i k y o Wa r d , Ky o t o , Ky o t o P r e fe c t u r e 6 1 5 - 8 0 1 4 , J a p a n
22
Figure 3.6: Katsura Imperial Villa
Summary The Katsura Imperial Villa or Katsura Detac is a villa with Japanese gardens. Its gardens are considered
a
masterpiece
gardening,
and
the
of
Japanese
are
regarded
buildings
among the greatest achievements of Japanese architecture.
The
palace
includes
a
shoin
(“drawing room�), tea houses, and a strolling garden. Japanese architecture has influenced by Zen Buddhism. From the form to space to function.
Japanese
building
scale
Architecture
to
human
concern
size
the
and
the
circulation is simple. the spatial design also has a specific design guideline. A tatami mat is
helping
a
spatial
design
with
its
arrangement and size. F i g u r e 3 . 7 : Ta t a m i m a t & s p a t i a l d e s i g n
Analysis Japanese architecture has influenced by Zen. Zen focus on spatial design, space of function, scale, or d e r.
a
simple
In
circulation
addition,
Zen
and
program
influence
in
Japanese
F i g u r e 3 . 8 : Ta t a m i m a t &
Figure 3.9: Scale by Author
spatial design by Author
garden
design.
From
unit
to
random,
from
g r e e n l a n d s c a p e t o w a t e r, w a t e r f l ow a n d t h e harmony
atmosphere
and the house.
surrounding
the
garden Figure 3.10: Zen Design by Author 23
Program
MARKET HALL@ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS Architect: MVRDV Date completed: 2014 Building type: Mix Use Location: Rotterdam, The Nertherlands Client: P r ova s t Ne d e rl a n d bv, T h e hu g ue , Ne t h e rl a n d s Figure 3.11: Market Hall interior space
24
Summary The Market Hall is part of the new inner city h e a r t of t h e L a u r e n s Q u a r t e r. T h e b u i l d i n g i s a sustainable living
and
combination parking,
of
all
food,
fully
leisure,
integrated
to
enhance and make the most of the synergetic possibilities hall
is
formed
developed private space.
of
the
different
from
the
apartments,
investment The
covered
and
functions.
arch
of
privately
strategically to
provide
square
which
The
allowing a
public
acts
as
a
central market hall during the day and, after closing
hours
remains
lively
due
to
r e s t a u r a nt s on it s f i r s t f l o or.
Analysis The
Figure 3.12: Food stall in Market Hall
Market
Hall’s
programmatic
approach
all
in one. The Market Hall is allowing people to experience
the
different
function
of
each
program in one typology smoothly. Such as the typical
market
square
and
its
surrounding
residential area.
Figure 3.13 All in one by Author
25
Concept Development Conceptual Idea
Communication
ASD
Reduce a negative stigma
Non Autistic user
Intereaction
Figure 3.14 Brain Drawing and Conceptual Idea diagram by Author
26
Conceptual Idea
Corpus
Callosum
hemispheres
is
and
the
part
allows
interaction
with
each
represents
the
hemispheres
represent
two
o t h e r.
public
between
hemispheres
Corpus
market
people
two
with
Callosum and ASD
two and
non-autistic users. Public market act as a media to allow both types of people to communicate and interact.
27
Development Goals
28
Development Goals Based on the study and analyzed of case studies. T h e r e a r e f ive c r i t e r i a i n c o n c l u s i o n . To f u r t h e r investigate the criteria would become the main design
guidelines
criteria
are
visual,
for
the
solution.
material/
tactile,
The
five
light
and
color design, zen design, and ASPECTSS™ design index.
The
next
step
is
going
to
research
how
visual,
material, light and color impact on people with ASD.
The
study
of
zen
design
from
traditional
Japanese Architecture for escape space design. ASPECTSS™
design
index
is
helping
the
spatial
design process.
29
Site Selection Site Selection Criteria I MMERSI VE VI EW POSSIBILITY
ACTI VE
AROM A F USE
C ONNEC T
ATTACH OPPORT UN ITY
SENS ES DI SC ON N ECT
CAL M
S T IGMA
JOIN
TR AINING LINK P OLLUTION
E NGAGE
NATUR E PR ACTICE LIGHT
USER FRAGRANCE
PROBL EM WOR D S
INTER ECT
L EARNI NG
S OLU T ION WOR D S Fi g u r e 3 . 1 5 P r o ble m Wor d s & S olut ion Wor d s d i a g r a m
30
Site Selection Criteria
Site selection criteria is a based on the problem investigation
and
criteria
as
a
solution
criteria
then
site
generate
selection
are
active,
the
solution
application. attach,
The
connect,
engage, nature, learning, and calm.
In
the
further
research connection
as
a
investigation whole,
between
the
it
is
of
the
to
define
selected
sites
thesis
and
the the
solution criteria for site selection.
31
The
martix
condition located
Preliminary Site Maywood Site Tw o l o t s a t t h e c o r n e r o f K i n g Av e a n d S l a u s o n Av e M a y w o o d , C A
diagram of
on
below
solution a
busy
is
showing
criteria.
street
the
Maywood
within
an
site site
active
neighborhood without nature surroundings and attaches to the local freeway. There is no any Au t i s m fa c i l i t y w i t h i n 1 0 m i l e s .
Engage and Learning is not capable of applying on Maywood site.
Figure 3.16 Maywood Site Map
[ACTIVE]
[ATTACH]
[CONNECT]
[CALM] atmosphere
[NATURE] Fi g u r e 3 . 1 7 Sit e & S ou lot ion Wor d s A n a ly s i s Ma t r i x 32
NEIGHBORHOOD
TRANSPORTATION
AUTISM FACILITY
BUSY atmosphere
LACK OF NATURE
The martix diagram shown as below is showing the site condition of solution criteria. Newport Beach site located in a bay within a non-active
Preliminary Site Newport Beach Site A huge site located in the bay next to Pacific Coast Hwy 1
neighborhood calm
with
atmosphere.
natural The
surroundings
comparison
of
and
Newport
Beach site to Maywood site, there is lack of the transportation
connect
to
the
site.
The
most
convenient transportation is a boat. There are a fe w fa c i l i t i e s w i t h i n 1 0 m i l e s .
Learning are not capable of applying on Newport Beach site. Figure 3.18 Newport Beach Site Map
[ACTIVE] [ATTACH] [CONNECT] [CALM]
atmosphere
NEIGHBORHOOD TRANSPORTATION AUTISM FACILITY BUSY
atmosphere
[ENGAGE]
DECLINE
[NATURE]
LACK OF NATURE
Fi g u r e 3 . 1 9 Sit e & S ou lot ion Wor d s A n a ly s i s Ma t r i x 33
Preliminary Site
Newport
Beach
condition
of
site
was
the
selected.
site
is
Based a
on
the
non-active
neighborhood and DISCONNECT transportation. It is an OPPORTUNITY to create an iconic building in
Newport
Beach
to
attract
people
to
come
in
and learn what is Autism to reduce the STIGMA. The natural surroundings are allowing people to ENGAGE the atmosphere with their SENSES.
34
wind path
Selected Site Analysis
JA
MB
OR
EE
RD
VIEW
DO
VE
R
DR
NEWPORT BEACH, CA ORANGE COUNTY
BA
YS
ID
FREE
E
WAY
1
DR
wind path wi
nd
pa
th
N
750 ft
Figure 3.20 Selected Site (Newport Beach SIte) Analysis A
35
AVERAGE NOISE 74.3 dB
Figure 3.21 Selected Site (Newport Beach SIte) Analysis B 36
DOCK
SITE
POLLUTION PIPE DRAIN
NOISE FROM CAR
NOISE FROM PLANE
ACTIVITIES AVERAGE NOISE 75.3 dB
FISHING
KAYAKING
WILDLIFE & VEGETATION
DUCK
WOODPECKER
SEAGULL
VEGETATION
LIVE FISH
SENSES BREEZE
SMELL
37
Site zoning information & Limitations
Zoning Information
Limitations
To t a l S q u a r e Fo o t a g e 25 Acre
PR -
Zoning Site PC-48 * PC- Planned Community PR zoning * PR - Parks and Recreation
38
zone is allowing to build Amusement Rides Recreational Boating Facilities Exercise Machines and Equipment Fishing Piers and Platforms Golf Facilities Miniature Golf Facilities Play Areas S w i m m i n g Po o l s , Wa d i n g Po o l s , a n d S p a s Shooting Facilities with Firing Positions
“The word “autism” still conveys a fixed and dreadful meaning to most
people—they
visualize
a
child
mute,
rocking,
screaming,
inaccessible, cut off from human contact. And we almost always speak of autistic children, never of autistic adults, as if such children never grew up, or were somehow mysteriously spirited off the planet, out of society. (Grandin, 2006)” Te m p l e Gr a n d i n was diagnosed with autism as a child and went on to pursue work in psychology and animal science.
39
04 Design Development Contiune To p o l o g y A n a ly s i s Program Development Master Plan Form Generation Concept
BEING BULLIED
Architecture Elements Sensory Zoning Design Prototype Figure G
Summary of AR 501 & 502
“BEING BULLIED” by Author 40
Topology Analysis F u n c t i o n o f Ty p o l o g y
SCHOOL HOSPITAL
CHALLENGE THE EXISTING BUILT ENVIROMENT FOR ASD
INCREASE AN INTERACTIVION BETWEEN PEOPLE WITH ASD
BULDING IN
AND NEUROTYPICAL PEOPLE
NEWPORT BEACH,CA
F i g u r e 4 . 1 F u n c t i o n o f Ty p o l o g y b y A u t h o r
41
CREATE AN ICONIC
Ty p o l o g y M a r t i x [ACTIVE]
[CONNECT]
[ENGAGE]
[INTERECT]
[LEARNING]
[TRAINING]
[OPPORTUNITY]
[PRACTICE]
COMMUNITY CENTER F i g u r e 4 . 2 Ty p o l o g y M a r t i x b y A u t h o r
MUSEUM
PUBLIC MARKET
SOCIAL HOUSING
TRANSPORTATION HUB 42
Ty p o l o g y A n a l y s i s The
typology
criteria typology.
to
selection
seek The
for
based the
on
most
proposed
solution
The
engaging
matching
typologies
program to
people's
with
social housing, and transportation hub. All
United States.
typologies
were
considered
ASD
have
not
to
have a positive influence on the site and the neighborhood.
Public
Market
is
matching
all
solution
criteria and to the selected site - Newport Beach site. Public Market acts as a media to welcome
and
interaction non-autistic
provide
between u s e r.
the
opportunity
people Along
with
with
ASD
the
for and
public
market, the program development could be the
tool
to
reduce
a
stigma
from
learning
what is Autism through the interaction. 43
need.
is
always
According
to
Champman University, 59% of the teenager
are
c om mu n it y c e nt e r, mu s e u m , p u b l i c m a rke t ,
proposed
development
looked
for
a
job
in
the
Program Development Program Sketches
The
sketches
are
showing
the
process
of
programmatic relation to the site condition. The wind is coming from SW and NE, then create two axes
for
the
program
placement.
Space
in
between public market would be a green space.
Figure 4.3 Program Sketches by Author
44
Program Analysis
EN
TR
Y
MEDITATION (ESCAPE) CORNER
PUBLIC MARKET
EDUCATIONAL PARK
RESTING AREA
EN
EDUCATIONAL PARK
MEDITATION (ESCAPE) CORNER
E
NC
TRA
EN
TR Y
LAGOON NATURE CENTER
MEDITATION (ESCAPE) CORNER
EDUCATIONAL PARK MEDITATION (ESCAPE) CORNER
MEDITATION (ESCAPE) CORNER
EDUCATIONAL PARK
MAIN PROGRAM COMPONENT Figure 4.4 Program Analysis diagram A by Author
45
CE
ENTRAN
Figure 4.5 Program Analysis diagram B by Author
ENTR
ANCE
Y
RESTING AREA
LAGOON NATURE CENTER
ENTR
MEDITATION (ESCAPE) CORNER
RESTING AREA
PUBLIC MARKET
E N T RY
CE
AN
TR
EN
COMMUNITY GARDEN
Program Analysis
Program concept diagram shows the relation to each
program
concept
is
and
the
allowing
component.
the
user
to
The
program
experience
a
different atmosphere from program to program. After
a
week
8
presentation
in
Fall
2 0 1 7,
the
feedback was the scale of the site is huge and the program
is
too
board.
In
the
next
step,
the
update program analysis would be more specific to
the
public
maket
and
scale
down
the
square
footage.
46
Program Analysis
LAGOON NATURE CENTER
3
TRANSPORTATION HUB
OPEN SPACE / GARDEN
VIEW TO MEDITATION GARDEN
1
MEDITATION GARDEN
PUBLIC MARKET
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
HOUSING/ HOTEL
2
HOUSING/ HOTEL
JA
M
BO
RE
E
RD
HOUSING/ HOTEL
HOUSING/ HOTEL
N FREE
BA
YS
ID
E
DR
Figure 4.6 Program Analysis diagram C by Author 47
WAY 1
Program Analysis
1.SMELL
In the second attempt at designing the program. The 3.VISUAL & SOUND
2.TOUCH & SMELL
sensory
zoning
was
integrated
and
considered to be the program design elements.
4.SOUND & TOUCH
5.VISUAL
Figure 4.7 Sensory Zoning Map
48
Program Analysis
Figure 4.9 Sensory Zoning Sketch - Plan View by Author
Figure 4.8 Master Plan Sketch by Author
Figure 4.10 Sensory Zoning Sketch - Section View by Author
49
Program Analysis
PUBLIC MARKET
LIGHT (ACTIVE)
DARK (CALM)
ZEN GARDEN SENSORY ZONE TRANSIONAL SPACE Figure 4.11 Public Market program analysis diagram in section view by Author
In the third attempt at designing the program. The
PUBLIC MARKET
ZEN GARDEN
(HIGH STIMULUS ZONE)
(LOW STIMULUS ZONE)
VISUAL
and
ASPECTSSâ„¢
design
index were integrated and considered to be the program design elements. The upper level is a
Public
SMELL VISUAL
zoning
public market and lower level is a zen garden.
VISUAL
SMELL
sensory
TACTILE
Market
is
the
active
and
high-stimulus
zone with all sensory cues around. Zen Garden is the calm and low-stimulus zone allows people
TACTILE to experience the harmony environment. SENSORY ZONE TRANSIONAL SPACE Figure 4.12 Public Market program analysis diagram in plan view by Author
50
4 Figure 4.13 Master Plan by Author
51
5
6
VI
1 BAYSIDE DR
EW
2
3
Master Plan
The windpath from SW and NE create two axes for the program placement and site circulation. The public market acts as a media to filter out the negative emotion and stigma from outside world. Users experience all sensories enjoyment in the public
market.
ocean
view
In
and
the the
end,
users
meditation
can
see
the
garden(Phase
three) view through the east side of the public market.
52
Form Generation Concept Form Sketch
Figure 4.14 Form Sketch by Author
53
Form Analysis 1
EACH
2
SHAPE
REPRESENT
A
3
NEUROTYPICAL BOTH PARTIES START
PEOPLE & PEOPLE WITH ASD. BOTH PARTIES INTERACTION
R A R E LY I N T E R AC T ION .
THE INTERACTION IS ALLOWS BOTH PARTIES TO KNOW EACH OTHER.
4
THE
5
GENERATION
OF
SPACE
PROVIDES
A
STRUCTURE STUDY MODEL
PLACE FOR BOTH PARTIES
Figure 4.15 Form Analysis by Author 54
3D Print Form Study Model
TOP
SIDE VIEW 01
SIDE VIEW 03
SIDE VIEW 02
SIDE VIEW 04
Figure 4.16 3D Print Form Study Model by Author 55
Form Analysis
A stigma is separate people with ASD from our society. shapes
That to
inspires
represent
me both
to
use
two
parties
identical
are
rarely
i n t e r a c t . Tw o i d e n t i c a l s h a p e s i n t e r l o c k t o e a c h other represent both parties to start interacting. In the end, the generation space provides a place for
both
parties.
The
space
is
public
market
allows both parties to have more interaction and reduce the stigma.
56
Architecture Elements Five Development Goals How does five development goals connected to architecture elements?
Figure 4.17 Five Development Goals by Author
The
five
design
development
guideline
for
the
goals
is
public
a
foundation
market.
All
the
architecture elements design is base on the five development goals.
57
Visual VISUAL SYMPTOMS in ASD
Hyper Visual Symptoms in ASD
Based
on
the
hyper
visual
symptoms
and
hypo
FOCUS ON SMALL PARTICLES OR DUST
DISKLIKE Dark Bright lights Sharp flash of light Closing eyes at bright lights
visual symptoms in ASD, the visual design in the public market should avoid bright light and seek for a material can diffuse the light and project
Always looking down. Figure 4.18 Hyper Visual Symptoms in ASD by Author
color when the sunlight or artificial light going through the glass.
Hypo Visual Symptoms in ASD Attracted to...... light looked at the object or people intensely moved fingers or objects in front of eyes obsessed with a brightly colored objects or reflection touched the object edges around Figure 4.19 Hypo Visual Symptoms in ASD by Author
58
Visual COLOR FILTERED EXPERIMENT by Amanda K. Ludlow @ University of Hertfordshire
Can you read his emotion from face?
Can you read his emotion with colored overlay?
Can you read his emotion with colored overlay?
Can you read his emotion with colored overlay?
Can you read his emotion with colored overlay?
Can you read his emotion with colored overlay?
Figure 4.20 Color Filtered Experiment Diagram by Author
All
children
were
given
28
pictures
of
human
eyes with four words provided to describe that person's emotion from the pictures. The first set of
pictures
colored
were
plastic
given
sheet
to
all
overlay
children randomly
without and
the
second set of pictures were given to all children with 59
colored
al., 2011).
sheet
overlay
randomly(Ludlow
et
Visual
There is a significant to show children with ASD have
a
better
visual
perception
with
colored
plastic overlay. Children with ASD were able to read
fa s t e r
with
colored
plastic
sheet
overlay
than without with colored plastic sheet overlay and
read
the
mind
easily
with
colored
plastic
sheet overlay than without with colored plastic sheet overlay(Ludlow et al., 2011).
Visual perception and social communication in people with ASD can be improved by color overlay.
60
Visual L IG H T I NG A N A LY S I S
AVO I D D I R E C T S U N L I G H T/ D I R E C T L I G H T
USE DIFFUSE LIGHT MATERIAL
NO FLUORESCENT LIGHT
REFLECTING LIGHT
SUN LIGHT
SUN LIGHT
DIFFUSE LIGHT MATERIAL Figure 4.21 Lighting Analysis A by Author
61
Figure 4.22 Lighting Analysis B by Author
Visual WAY F I N DI NG DE S IG N
F i g u r e 4 . 2 3 Way f i n d i n g d e s i g n by Au t h o r
Imagine this graphic on the wall instead of using a small sign and arrows
62
Visual
Way f i n d i n g the
current
is
the
way
location
to
human the
identifying
from
destination(Farr
et
a l . , 2 0 1 2) . Way f i n d i n g d e s i g n i s a t o o l t h a t h e l p s people identifying from the current location. For example, the figure 4.
is a huge restroom sign on
the wall that helps people looking for a restroom. .
63
Visual WAY F I N DI NG DE S IG N -
Figure 4.24 Public Market South Elevation (N.T.S) by Author
Way f i n d i n g d e s i g n o n t h e b u i l d i n g fo r m wo u l d b e design an iconic building. It is the same theory to design a sign in the built environment.
64
M a t e r i a l / Ta c t i l e Tex t u r e
F i g u r e 4 . 2 5 Wo o d Tex t u r e
The
material
sensory
provides
cue
( Ay e r s ,
a
texture
1964
profile
pp.6-11).
Wo o d
as
a
is
a
c om mon s u s t a i n a ble a r c h it e c t u r a l m a t e r i a l . Wo o d provides a rich texture profile as a sensory cue. According to the experiment of tactile perception and
emotion
in
children
with
ASD(E.
Pernon
et
al.,2007 ). The result is showing wood is a neutral material significant
to
children result
of
with
ASD
positive
without or
a
negative
e mot ion . Wo o d c ou ld b e a m a i n m a t e r i a l for t he 65
public market.
Light & Color Design Light & Color
Figure 4.26 Facial Experssion Through Eye
Learning from the color filter experiment, light and color has to consider together based on the hyper
visual
symptoms diffuse Dichroic
in
direct film
symptoms ASD,
the
sunlight is
a
right
and
hypo
material
should
and
artificial
material
for
visual able
light. the
to The
public
market. The dichroic film is a translucent color film with the color change when looking at the different angle.
66
ASPECTSS™ design index Design Guidelines
ASPECTSS™ architecture
design design
index
is
the
guidelines
evidence-based for
people
with
A S D ( M o s t a fa , 2 0 1 4 ) . A p p l y i n g A S P E C T S S ™ d e s i g n index on the public market is a challenge because of ASPECTSS™ design index applying to school or hospital the most.
67
ASPECTSS™ design index Five criteria of ASPECTSS™ design index applied to the public market.
Simple and straight foward circulation
Zen Garden
C ompartmentalization
T ransitions
S ensory
Zoning
Ascending/ Descending floor Way f i n d i n g D e s i g n Programmatic Sensory Zoning
A slope flooring in between flat floori
Sensory Zoning, Zen garden and Colore Filter wall
Figure 4.27 ASPECTSS™ design index application diagram by Author
Zen Design
Simplicity
Nature
Zen Garden
Calm
Harmory
Figure 4.28 Zen Garden Design criteria by Author
69
Sensory Zoning Sensory Zoning Map PUBLIC MARKET (UPPER LEVEL) (HIGH STIMULUS ZONE)
Wind Path Heavy Smell
N
Medium Smell Light Smell Visual Ta c t i l e
Figure 4.29 Public Market Sensory Zoning Map by Author
70
Sensory Zoning Map ZEN GARDEN (LOWER LEVEL) (LOW STIMULUS ZONE)
Figure 4.29 Sensory Zoning Map by Author
Wind Path Heavy Smell
N
Medium Smell Light Smell Visual Ta c t i l e
Figure 4.30 Public Market Sensory Zoning Map by Author
71
Sensory Zoning Map
Both
of
public
market
and
zen
garden
sensory
map are showing the stimulation of visual, small and
tactile.
According
to
the
experiment
of
tactile perception and emotion in children with ASD(E.
Pernon
et
al.,2007
),
air-fluid
(Wind)
is
part of a tactile sensory. The result is showing children
with
ASD
has
a
significant
positive
emotional reaction with the air-fluid (Wind).
72
??????????????
05
??????????????
BEING MISUNDERSTOOD
Design Prototype Floor Plan Section Elevation Architectural Elements Figure H
Summary of AR 501 + 502
“BEING MISUNDERSTOOD” by Author 73
Design Prototype 1
Floor Plan
A 2
3 UP
the
sensory
zoning.
EL
OR AT EV
public
GE
RA
TO &S NE .FT ZO SQ Y .5 ER 871
The
concern
sensory
about zoning
should
show
the
relationship
market.
Also,
how
is
the
users
D
LIV
experience each zone by their sensory.
7 1 OM RO T TH Q.F BA .5 S 7 48
Y TR
EN
E
8 M
were
between each zone and to the programs in the
C
F.
comments
diagram
M OO SR AS CE CL SPA T EN T .F CH VEN SQ KIT / E 721 3
5
DE
critique
B
4
6
The
1
O RO T TH BA Q.F M. 7.5 S 48
Y TR
EN
Y TR
F
EN UP OR AT EV
1.SMELL
EL
Y TR
EA
G
AR
EN
IN
Y TR
ITT &S N DE .FT AR SQ Y G 4625 NIT
U
MM
EN
CO
EA
ET RK MA .FT Q IC BL 5 S PU 1585
AR DIO N TU ITIO T S IB T AR EXH Q.F S Y ER 3721 LL
G
A
/G
H
EN A RD RE GA N A ND TIO .FT SA ITA SQ ED 142 3
Y TR
EN
3.VISUAL & SOUND
2.TOUCH & SMELL
Y TR
EN
4.SOUND & TOUCH
I
/M
5.VISUAL RY
T EN
Y TR
EN
ET RK MA IC FICE T .F OF SQ 3.5 62
Figure 5.2 Process Sensory Map by Author
BL
PU
Y TR
OM RO TH Q.FT BA F. 3.5 S 62
EN
OM RO T TH BA Q.F M. 3.5 S 62
2
2
Also,
the
square
footage
for
the community garden in the middle Figure 5.1 Process Floor Plan by Author 74
may
take
a
large
portion of the public market.
Section
Figure 5.3 Process Section by Author
Other critique comments were concern about the programs
other
than
the
public
market.
The
vocational training classroom, training kitchen, and
the
market
art
studio
design
may
should
not be
develop.
focusing
The on
public
sensory
zoning and how the sensory zoning help people with
ASD
improve
their
condition
through
the
architectural elements in the public market.
75
Elevation Fifth Floor 79' - 6"
Fourth Floor 66' - 0"
Third Floor_C 56' - 6" Third Floor_B 52' - 6"
Thrid Floor_A 44' - 6"
Second Floor 30' - 0"
Ground Floor 11' - 6"
Sea Level 0' - 0"
Figure 5.4 Process Elevation by Author
The box shape building form is represent People with ASD and how they confluence to the worl and intereact with people. The critique comment was not agree with the concept.
76
Architectural Elements Shell Material Information Shell Material: Glulam beam, Size: 2’ x 8�
The critique comments were concern how to hold up the shell and the shell could be part of the s t r u c t u r e . For t h e s e c o n d q u a r t e r o f t h e s i s ye a r, the
shell
structure
developing comments
the
concept
The
shape
cannot
the
public
market
wayfinding
to
the
design
site. to
exploring
structure.
the
and
engaging
detail
been
about
generation. concept
has
an
other
behind
form
represent building
Howeve r,
create
The
and
is
the not
it
was
a
iconic
build
in
Figure 5.5 Process Form Analysis by Author
Newport Beach to attract the users.
77
Architectural Elements
The solution of handing up the shell is using four
masts,
steel
cable,
and
metal
rod.
Howeve r, t h e fo u r m a s t s m ay h ave n o t e n o u g h support for handing up the shell. All forces are going towards to one point at the top of each mast.
Therefore,
another
solution
came
up
Figure 5.6 Plan View: Steel cable
Figure
connet to one point at the top of
may
mast.
weight of the shell.
by Author
5.7
Side
bending
View:
to
improve the structure. The new solution is to build two arch masts to handing up the shell with steel cable and metal rod. The arch has a larger
potential
to
share
all
forces
to
the
foundation.
Figure are
5.8
going
Plan to
View:
the
arch
All
forces
mast
and
transfer evenly to the foundation 78
by Author
The
outward
due
masts tothe
by Author
Architectural Elements Shadow
Shadow project when the light hit the cover or blocking.
The
different
position
shadow
stays
would
still
project
during at
the
night
the
shadow
daytime, time
in
and
projected
a
the by
artificial light.
79
Architectural Elements Colored Filter Glass Material Information Colored Filter Glass Material: Color film (3M Fasara™ Dichroic)
Learning from the COLOR FILTERED EXPERIMENT by
Amanda
K.
Ludlow.
The
result
is
showing
Filter out all distraction
c h i l d r e n w i t h A S D c a n r e a d fa c i a l ex p r e s s i o n w i t h c o l o r p l a s t i c s h e e t o v e r l a y o n fa c i a l p i c t u r e s s e t . Apply the experiment theory into public market by using a color film to overlay on the glass. For example the railing and skylight to filter out all distraction.
80
Figure 5.9 Color film
Architectural Elements Spatial Design
F l o o r i n g Tr a n s i t i o n s
Flat
Upward Curved
Flat
Downward Curved
Tr a n s i t i o n a l A r e a Stall Area
Stall Area
Figure 5.10 Spatial Design diagram by Author
According
to
ASPECTSS™
design
index,
the
the
transitional
area
acts
as
the
bridging
to
The
purpose
of
floor system is designed with ascending order
connect
o r d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r. It m a ke s a s i m p l e t wo w ay
defining the function of those areas by using
and
ASPECTSS™
straightforward
circulation
market.
The
each
sensory
design
zone.
index
is
allowing
senses
as
they
flat flooring and downward curved flooring are
with
stall
one space to the next space.
area.
The
upward
curved
flooring
is
a
ASD
readjust
people
move
from
transitional area with skylight.
81
Architectural Elements Zen Garden
F i g u r e 5 . 1 1 R y o a n J i , Ky o t o z e n g a r d e n [ P h o t o g r a p h ] . ( 2 0 0 7, M a y ) . C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s , Ky o t o .
Zen Garden is providing a low stimulus zone as an escape pace/ meditation garden to the users.
82
Summary of AR 501 +AR 502
The continuous research through two quarters is an
important
procedure
to
shape
the
thesis
project. After review all critique comments, the purpose of this thesis project is to find out how is the architectural elements to help both people with ASD and non-autistic user start to interact. From that point, people would understand what is Autism. Autism is not a problem! The problem is our
society
lack
of
resource
and
education
available to allow people to understand what is Autism.
83
06
BEING HAPPY
Design Solution Floor Plans Section Drawings Details Drawings Renderings Figure I
Summary of AR 503
“BEING HAPPY” by Author 84
Floor Plan
ZEN GARDEN
*ZEN GARDEN IS OPEN TO PUBLIC
N
1
85
ZEN GARDEN (GROUND LEVEL) SCALE: 1/64” = 1’0”
A E L E VAT O R
DN
DN
M A L E BAT H .
S TA L L DN
Floor Plan D
D DN
FEMALE
BAT H .
UP
DN
S TA L L
UP
S TA L L
SKYLIGHT
C
C
UP
SKYLIGHT
M A L E BAT H .
DN
UP
S TA L L
FEMALE BAT H .
DN
S TA L L
SKYLIGHT
B DN
B
VIEW
DN
DN
S TA L L
MEDIUM SMELL SENSORY N
PUBLIC MARKET(UPPER LEVEL) SCALE: 1/64” = 1’0”
A
E L E VAT O R
1
H E AV Y S M E L L S E N S O R Y
DN
OFFICE
LIGHT SMELL SENSORY
86
Section Section AA S: N.T.S
MAST
147’-0”
15ӯ AIR DUCT
0.5” Ø STEEL CABLE 2’ X 8” GLULAM BEAM
3’ Ø ARCH MAST
MAST & FOUNDATION CONNECTION 72” x 72” CAST
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 2
9’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 1
9’-6”
CONCRETE FOUNDATION
87
Section Section BB Scale: N.T.S
6” THICKNESS WOOD FLOORING
SHELL
80’-0”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 5
45’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 4
36’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 3
27’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 2
18’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 1
9’-6”
88
Section Section CC Scale: N.T.S
COLOR FILTER GLASS SURROUND THE SKYLIGHT ELEVATOR
89
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 5
45’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 4
36’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 3
27’-6”
Section Section DD Scale: N.T.S
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 5
45’-6”
PUBLIC MARKET LEVEL 4
36’-6”
90
Mast
Detail Drawings Glu l a m Wo o d B e a m
Con ne c t ion fr om Wo o d B e a m t o Ma s t
Connection from Floor to Mast
Wo o d B e a m Con ne c t ion 91
Renderings
Color Filter Glass The color filter glass at the food stall, railing glass, and surround skylight. Color filter glass diffuse sunlight and project a colorful shadow on the ground. Users can experience the enjoyment of
public
market
under
a
colorful
shadow
and
people
with
ASD
could
enhance
their
visual
perception and social interaction by filtering out distraction. Also, the colorful filter glass would project the shadow in a different angle during a daytime as the sun move.
92
Renderings
F l owe r, F l u i d , a n d Co l or Besides the color filter glass, In a medium smell area, the stall selling flower and fruit are provided another visual sensory cue and smell sensory cue for the users. A color and smell would change every day due to the owners are selling a fresh different kind of flower and fruit. 93
Renderings
Na t u r e E nv i r o n m e nt & Way f i n d i n g D e s i g n This is the entrance from the east side. The ocean and meditation garden view provide a sensory cue for the users by natural environment and wind. The
huge
restroom
sign
on
the
wall
is
a
wayfinding
design
allows
people
easy
destination. Especially for people with ASD, they need a clear index for direction. 94
to
go
to
the
Summary of AR 503
The innovative architectural design never ends until you found a solution. I believe my thesis is a successful hypothesis at this moment. I hope I could
continue
between design.
to
people People
investigate with
with
ASD
ASD
can
the
relationship
and
architectural
see,
can
feel,
and
can think more than other people. Autism is not a problem! The problem is the label to frame and restrict what they can do.
95
Author Contact Charmian Lui happivia@gmail.com www.linkedin.com/in/charmianlui h t t p s : // a r c h i n e c t . c o m / c h a r m i a n l u i
Linkedin QR code 96
Archinect QR code
Appendix
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List of Figures Front Matter
Chapter 03
Figure B
“ 1 0 1 F R E E WAY ” by Aut h or
Figure 3.1 Hazelwood School
Figure E
“NATURE” by Author
Figure 3.2Hazelwood School interior space
“Being” series
Figure 3.3 Surrounded by Nature by Author F i g u r e 3 . 4 : S e n s o r y Wa l l by Au t h o r
Figure A
“BEING FRAME” by Author
Figure C
“BEING WIRED” by Author
Figure D
“BEING TESTED” by Author
Figure F
“BEING SEPARATED” by Author
Figure G
“BEING BULLIED” by Author
F i g u r e 3 . 8 : Ta t a m i m a t &
Figure H
“BEING MISUNDERSTOOD” by Author
Figure 3.9: Scale by Author
Figure I
“BEING HAPPY” by Author
Figure 3.5: ASPECTSS™ design index by Author Figure 3.6: Katsura Imperial Villa F i g u r e 3 . 7 : Ta t a m i m a t & s p a t i a l d e s i g n spatial design by Author
Figure 3.10: Zen Design by Author Figure 3.11: Market Hall interior space
Chapter 02
Figure 3.12: Food stall in Market Hall
Figure 2.1 Autism within special education Figure 2.2 How many childern with autism in US (CDC, 2018) and working status numbers
Figure 3.13 All in one by Author Figure 3.14 Brain Drawing and Conceptual Idea diagram by Author
Figure 2.3 Impairments in ASD by Author
Fi g u r e 3 . 1 5 P r o ble m Wor d s & S olut ion Wor d s d i a g r a m
Figure 2.4 ASPECTSS™ design index diagram by Author
Figure 3.16 Maywood Site Map
Figure 2.5 ASPECTSS™ design index diagram by Author
Fi g u r e 3 . 1 7 Sit e & S ou lot ion Wor d s A n a ly s i s Ma t r i x Figure 3.18 Newport Beach Site Map Fi g u r e 3 . 1 9 Sit e & S ou lot ion Wor d s A n a ly s i s Ma t r i x Figure 3.20 Selected Site (Newport Beach SIte) Analysis A Figure 3.21 Selected Site (Newport Beach SIte) Analysis B
List of Figures Chapter 04 F i g u r e 4 . 1 F u n c t i o n o f Ty p o l o g y b y A u t h o r
Figure 4.26 Facial Experssion Through Eye
F i g u r e 4 . 2 Ty p o l o g y M a r t i x b y A u t h o r
Figure 4.27 ASPECTSS™ design index application diagram by Author
Figure 4.3 Program Sketches by Author
Figure 4.28 Zen Garden Design criteria by Author
Figure 4.4 Program Analysis diagram A by Author
Figure 4.29 Public Market Sensory Zoning Map by Author
Figure 4.5 Program Analysis diagram B by Author
Figure 4.30 Public Market Sensory Zoning Map by Author
Figure 4.6 Program Analysis diagram C by Author Figure 4.7 Sensory Zoning Map Figure 4.8 Master Plan Sketch by Author Figure 4.9 Sensory Zoning Sketch - Plan View by Author Figure 4.10 Sensory Zoning Sketch - Section View by Author Figure 4.11 Public Market program analysis diagram in section view by Author Figure 4.12 Public Market program analysis diagram in plan view by Author Figure 4.13 Master Plan by Author Figure 4.14 Form Sketch by Author Figure 4.15 Form Analysis by Author Figure 4.16 3D Print Form Study Model by Author Figure 4.17 Five Development Goals by Author Figure 4.18 Hyper Visual Symptoms in ASD by Author Figure 4.19 Hypo Visual Symptoms in ASD by Author Figure 4.20 Color Filtered Experiment Diagram by Author Figure 4.21 Lighting Analysis A by Author Figure 4.22 Lighting Analysis B by Author F i g u r e 4 . 2 3 Way f i n d i n g d e s i g n by Au t h o r Figure 4.24 Public Market South Elevation (N.T.S) by Author F i g u r e 4 . 2 5 Wo o d Tex t u r e
Chapter 05 Figure 5.1 Process Floor Plan by Author Figure 5.2 Process Sensory Map by Author Figure 5.3 Process Section by Author Figure 5.4 Process Elevation by Author Figure 5.5 Process Form Analysis by Author Figure 5.6 Plan View: Steel cable connet to one point at the top of mast.
by Author
Figure 5.7 Side View: The masts may bending outward due to the weight of the shell.
by Author
Figure 5.8 Plan View: All forces are going to the arch mast and transfer evenly to the foundation by Author Figure 5.9 Color film Figure 5.10 Spatial Design diagram by Author F i g u r e 5 . 1 1 R y o a n J i , Ky o t o z e n g a r d e n [ P h o t o g r a p h ] . ( 2 0 0 7, M a y ) . C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s , Ky o t o .
Chapter 06 Figure 6.1 Zen Garden by Author Figure 6.2 Public Market Floor Plan by Author Figure 6.3 Section AA Drawing by Author Figure 6.4 Section BB Drawing by Author Figure 6.5 Section CC Drawing by Author Figure 6.6 Section AA Drawing by Author Figure 6.7 Detail Drawing by Author Figure 6.8 Public Market Rendering A by Author Figure 6.9 Public Market Rendering B by Author Figure 6.10 Public Market Rendering C by Author