CITYSCAPES
Chattanooga Streetscapes Part One: Current Conditions
CITYSCAPES
Chattanooga Streetscapes Part One: Current Conditions
Authors and Acknowledgements Chattanooga Design Studio 719 Cherry Street, Suite 100 Chattanooga, TN 347402 chattanoogastudio.com
With Gratitude Stroud Watson Eric Myers Blythe Bailey
Christian S. Rushing, AICP LEED AP
Bert Kuyrkendall
Roy Wroth
Jenny Park
Ryan Sandwick
Michael Walton
Ann Coulter
2016 Summer Interns
Board of Directors 2016
Katie Hines, University of Virginia
Ethan Collier
Christian Rushing
Briana Keith, Kennesaw State University
Kelly Fitzgerald
Virginia Anne Sharber
Xiao Zhang, Harvard Graduate School of Design
Lisa Flint
Rob Taylor
Mitch Patel
Macon Toledano
Jeff Pfitzer
Kim White
Stacy Richardson
Contents Celebrating the Public Realm in Chattanooga
1
Qualities of the Urban Room
2
A Public–Private Partnership
5
Urban Design Vocabulary
8
Chattanooga’s Public Realm
10
Streetscape Character
12
Weighted Streetscape Quality
29
Observing Streetscapes: Visual Inventory
30
Conclusion and Next Steps
49
About This Study In 2016, Chattanooga Design Studio initiated a baseline study of Chattanooga’s public realm. Our goal is to increase the public’s awareness and understanding of public space downtown and to promote quality urban design. The Cityscapes project defines the essential qualities of good urban spaces, collects expressions of the community’s values, and inventories the current condition of Chattanooga’s streetscapes. As we evaluate the basic elements of streetscapes in the downtown area, we are creating opportunities for the public to participate in the urban design process. In future years, we will continue adding to the baseline data and gaging public opinion. Visual representations of the urban environment at a variety of scales increases community awareness of the importance of streetscapes. A better informed public can have a greater influence on Chattanooga’s future vision.
The streetscape and public realm improvements surrounding Miller Plaza are examplary and can serve as a template for work throughtout the downtown.
Celebrating the Public Realm in Chattanooga While it is a city’s architectural landmarks that dominate the skyline and populate its picture postcards, it is its public spaces that truly contain the life and heart of the community. Streets, parks, plazas, pedestrian walks and passages - all of these places are built and maintained for the use and benefit of all citizens, and together make a network of spatial experiences we call the “Public Realm.” The Public Realm consists of a series of “outdoor rooms” visually enclosed spaces that hold activities and promote social interactions. Most of the outdoor rooms in any city are quite ordinary streets, providing light, air, visibility and access to the buildings along them. The character of these ordinary streets has a significant impact on the civic culture of a city. Streetscape is the sum of all the factors that contribute to the character of a street, and make it an effective part of the Public Realm.
In Chattanooga, several decades of effort has gone into improving and restoring the character of our streetscapes. We have rediscovered and preserved aspects of 19th century streetscapes, and we have also invented new types of streetscapes according to the fashions and perceived needs of each generation.
We can be proud of the convivial atmosphere that has developed in the downtown. Chattanooga’s public realm has entered a virtuous cycle, attracting the activities and businesses that inspire further investment in our streetscapes. The Urban Room As we continuously refine Chattanooga’s streetscapes, we must hold a common understanding of the purposes and functions that our streets serve. Making wise choices about possible improvements to our streets requires a shared standard against which to measure proposals and results. The basic unit of the Public Realm is a single block-long segment of one street, including everything in the street and the facades of the buildings lining it. The word ‘block’ can be ambiguous: sometimes meaning a group of buildings with streets on all sides, and sometimes referring to the urban room, a one-block long section of a street, with buildings on both sides. In this study, we will call this unit an “urban room” to maintain our focus on the spatial qualities of the street, rather than the architectural qualities of the buildings.
Public realm improvements can also include street furniture and publicly accessible builings.
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Streetscape Inventory
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Qualities of the Urban Room Great spaces support great social experiences, great social experiences attract local businesses, and commercial activity helps sustain the activity of the street. Spatial, social and economic factors combine to strengthen and enrich the public realm.
A. Spatial Qualities Public space in cities draws upon and combines age-old instincts related to both landscapes and dwellings. Good streetscape provides a balance of protective enclosure and open vistas; a balance of comfort and exposure; and a balance of memorable wayfinding and exploration of the unknown. Enclosure The simplest quality of any space is containment. Views out from the space are mostly limited and return the viewer’s attention to the activities within the space. Enclosure provides focus and some elements of security. Consistency and Legibility We “read” the urban environment, both to help us navigate and to help us make emotional sense of our participation in the life of the city. Consistency and predictability in streetscapes helps us feel at home and comfortable in the city.
Market Street, 1917. The unique character of this street has outlasted many of the individual buildings along it.
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Complexity and Surprise City life offers some enlivening surprises, with diverse environments and experiences in close proximity. A spatially complex urban environment, with unexpected transitions and connections, engages the imagination and makes room for cultural diversity.
B. Social Qualities The urban room provides the place and occasion for certain kinds of social interactions which are vital to community. These beneficial interactions can be prompted by the design of urban space, but cannot be fully planned or controlled. They rely on the spontaneous agency of many thousands of citizens over time. Good streetscapes allow for a variety of social activities, encourage beneficial behaviors, offer an inclusive welcome, and support diverse cultural expressions.
C. Economic Qualities The economic function of public space is inseparable from its civic purpose. Commerce creates ordinary occasions for citizens to enter the public realm; and the public realm creates an amenity that attracts workers and customers to local businesses. Good streetscape provides context and continuity to the local economy, increases the visibility and supports the reputations of local businesses, and supports the quality of life of workers and visitors.
Visibility and Imageability People need to be able to find, identify, and remember the locations of social activities in the public realm. Good public places are distinctive, highly visual, and easily connected to widely shared cultural concepts and narratives.
Access and Exposure The public realm provides access and visibility to local businesses allowing them to reach a wide base of customers; and for all citizens to participate in the local economy on an equal footing. Public space lets each business present itself to the public.
Welcome and Belonging Public spaces are constantly being ‘found’ by new people, and must welcome them in many ways, boldly and also subtly. In great public spaces, returning and regular visitors develop a sense of belonging and of local pride. Formality and Maintainability Participating in public life requires self-awareness and awareness of social context. Good social places have an element of formality to remind us of the presence of others. A clean and easily cleanable space sustains the dignity of every user of the space and maintains our confidence in the ‘social contract’ of the public realm.
Integration and Identity Public space helps to integrate businesses into an ensemble of experiences which can reflect diversity and consistency. Places and businesses can inherit uniqueness, authenticity and identity from each other. Optimism and Generosity Over time, businesses and workplaces become part of the local landscape contributing a sense of confidence, permanence and community spirit to the place. Long-standing businesses, embedded and integrated into the public realm, can convey a spirit of generosity and stability, and reinforce these values in the community. Cityscapes
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The hallmark of the 21st Century Waterfront project was public private partnership. In this case, public and private entities joined to create one of the finest districts in the city, inclduing: the 1st Street Arts Walk, Holmberg Pedestrian bridge, and two phases of private housing development. 4
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
A Public–Private Partnership The public realm consists of urban rooms that are defined by a unique combination of public and private elements. They are enclosed by the facades of private buildings, and populated by the various elements of the public streetscape, including sidewalks, trees, and street furniture. Good decision-making about streetscapes must consider factors in both the public and private sectors, and must understand the dynamic interactions between the two.
Private Elements
Public Elements
What:
Land and buildings
What:
Streets, sidewalks and parks
Agency:
Landowners and tenants
Agency:
Governments
Means:
Private financing
Means:
Public expenditure
Motive:
Self interest and philanthopy
Motive:
Public benefit
Control:
Zoning ordinances and building codes
Control:
Policy, standards, and community engagement
PRIVATE
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
Public and Private Elements form the Public Realm
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PRIVATE
PRIVATE
Private Realm
How buildings contribute to the urban room Enclosure Buildings provide enclosure by simply building out the ‘streetwall,’ the spatial edge of the urban room. The height, location, and shape of the front facade of the building defines the shape of the space it helps to contain. All of the buildings surrounding an urban room work together to define the shape of the space. A missing building will detract from the sense of enclosure. Frontage Any building can provide simple enclosure, even a parking garage or a building with blank walls. Frontage concerns various treatments of the front of the building that can enhance the social value of the space created in the public realm. Frontage includes massing treatments (setbacks, awnings, porches, arcades, entry courts); landscape treatments, and facade treatments (doors, windows, and decorative elements.)
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Transparency Businesses choose to locate on busy public streets because they want to share in the public life of the street. Although they control access to the building, they want to create inviting entrances and views into the building to attract customers. This experience then spills over and adds activity to the street and increases foot traffic to neighboring businesses. Transparent facades are essential to creating a sociable commercial environment, and can include clear glazed windows, shop display windows, plate glass doors, doors that stay open during business hours, roll-up doors, and even trellised plantings that allow partial visibility. Transparent facades allow passers-by to see whatever the business owner has chosen to share with them: activities, merchandise, visual displays and communications, and attractive interior spaces. Activity Commercial activities provide the occasion for citizens to participate in the public life of the city. Social activities provide the occasion for citizens to participate in commerce. Just as businesses can invite the public inside for informal activities (browsing, eating, meeting, entertainment) so too can business activities spill out into the street (displays, sales, outdoor seating, meetings). Activity, places for activity, and visible traces of recent activities all attract more attention and increase participation in both commerce and public life.
PUBLIC
Public Realm
How streets contribute to the urban room Access and passage Streets provide access to private property and to the amenities of the public realm. Streets provide clear passage through the public room, which can often be the primary need of a visitor to the place. Good streetscape design, and the larger concerns of the Complete Streets philosophy, balances the demands of mobility through the space with the activities that happen within the space. Gathering spaces The social life of the public realm requires a variety of types of gathering spaces, covering the spectrum of small and large gatherings, formal and informal, and specialized and multipurpose spaces. Our most important and memorable events take place in formal plazas and parks, but the great majority of our time is spent in the ordinary spaces of the public realm, in the streets. Each kind of space has its contribution to city life, and spaces will carry different meanings and values for different people.
Comfort and security With so many various reasons for people to participate in the public realm, the urban room must provide safety and comfort in ways that work for every kind of visitor to the space. Comfort and security are interrelated, because a comfortable space will attract more people, adding to the informal security of the space. Good streetscape design provides shade, light, visibility, and seating, and coordinates the sharing of space among pedestrians, bicycles and cars. Views and expressions The public realm is a place for reflection, expression and celebration. The street can provide memorable views of city, spaces for reflection, and places for cultural expression of all kinds. Good streetscape design accommodates a variety of points of view, and must balance the need for individual expression with the potential for benefit to the whole society.
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Urban Design Vocabulary STREET COMPONENTS
STREETSCAPE ELEMENTS
TYPES OF STREETS
Roadway- paved lanes intended for through traffic.
Curb Cut- an interruption of the curb and sidewalk allowing vehicles to enter a parcel from the street, and creating a point of interaction between vehicles and pedestrians.
Avenue- a wide street lined with trees, providing a ceremonial approach to a landmark or destination.
Right-of-way- publicly-owned land containing roadway and sidewalk elements.
Travel Lanes- lanes intended for use by vehicles and bicycles. Bicycle lanes- a lane reserved for use by bicycles. On-street Parking- space for parking cars within the street right-of-way; onstreet parking creates a buffer between pedestrians and vehicles. Planting Strip- the area between the street right-of-way line and the sidewalk, intended to provide a buffer between pedestrians and vehicles. Streetscape- the elements within and along the street right-of-way that define its appearance, identity, and functionality, including adjacent buildings and land uses, street furniture, landscaping, trees, sidewalks, and pavement treatments.
Hardscape- paved surfaces including streets and sidewalks.
Bollards- short vertical posts arranged to exclude vehicles from a pedestrian area. Signage- signs may be graphical and written, notices and advertisements, public or commercial, and may be posted in the right-of-way or on private land or buildings.
Connector Street- a complete street, serving bicycle, pedestrian, transit and vehicles, and carrying a moderate volume of traffic, mostly local. Local Street- a complete street, carrying lower volumes of local traffic, such as a neighborhood street.
Bulb-outs- an extension of the sidewalk or curb line into the parking lane, that reduces the pedestrian crossing distance, visually and physically narrows the roadway, and improves the ability of pedestrians and motorists to see each other.
Plaza- a public gathering space with a predominance of hardscape and a close connection between the space and the adjoining commercial buildings.
Street Furniture- fixtures installed along the roadway, at or above grade level, including lamp posts, pedestrian lighting, fire hydrants, street signs, benches, trash cans, bike racks, newspaper boxes, water fountains, and planters.
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Boulevard- a wide street lined with trees, usually with a center median or medians that create side access lanes.
Crosswalks- marked portion of the street designated for pedestrian crossing, either mid-block or at an intersection.
Pedestrian Oriented Lightingoutdoor lighting designed to enrich the pedestrian experience, typically with lower lamp heights, warmer light temperatures, and more frequent spacing.
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Parkway- a highway, often divided with a median, with wide, open landscaped areas on both sides.
URBAN LANDSCAPES
Festival Ground- an assemblage of open space facilities intended to accommodate a variety of large community gatherings and events. Pocket Park- a small public space, usually too small for formal recreational use, that increases access to open space for urban populations. Urban Trail- a linear urban park, often following a riverbank or rail line. Promenade- a paved walkway suitable for sociable pedestrian strolling.
BUILDING FRONTAGE
Front Facade- the wall planes of a building that face and are parallel to the street . Setback- the minimum distance required between the property line and the building. Build-to Line- a ‘maximum’ setback, specifying that the building must be built within a certain distance from the property line. Storefront- the front facade of a commercial building, usually composed of entry doors and display windows. Forecourt- an entry court or yard formed by increasing the setback of a portion of the building’s front facade. Gallery- a continuous covered public walkway along the front of a building, consisting of a roof and columns built outside the building footprint, often with a second story porch above. Arcade- a gallery built within the footprint of the building, with columns or arches, often with heated building space above. Canopy- a permanent roof extending from the building over the sidewalk, typically protecting a storefront or entrance. Awning- a canopy built of fabric or other temporary or movable materials. Porch- an open, covered outdoor room, attached to the building, often serving to protect an entrance Stoop an small stair and platform leading to a building entrance; the entry may be covered with a canopy or awning.
HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Public Realm- the network of places and spaces which are accessible by the public and contribute to the cultural identification of a community and a locality. Sense of Place- the characteristics that give a place its unique identity; especially those that foster a sense of human attachment and belonging. Sight Line- an unobstructed space providing direct visibility of a landmark or vista from the observer’s position. Terminated Vista- a street view that ends at a building or other landmark, increasing the sense of enclosure and memorability of the street. Walkability- the degree to which a neighborhood or district provides close and comfortable pedestrian access between common destinations. Wayfinding- the skillsets with which people navigate urban environments; the ways in which well-design places support navigation; and the signage and graphic information systems that supplement navigation.
VEHICULAR TRAVEL
QUALITIES OF STREETSCAPES
Posted Speed- the maximum legal speed of a roadway, posted and enforced by local government.
Transparency- the visual openness of the edges of a space, allowing people to partially see or understand things beyond the space, such as understanding the activities in a building from the street.
Design Speed- the anticipated vehicular speed used to guide design decisions about a roadway.
Operating Speed- the speed of the majority of traffic on a roadway, set by driver expectations. Traffic Calming- strategies and features that make traffic safer, which may include slowing traffic reducing traffic volumes, and making it more predictable. Speed Table- a traffic calming device consisting of a raised portion of the street long enough to lift the entire vehicle.
Enclosure- the spatial definition of a place, created by visual boundaries including buildings, walls, or trees.
Complexity- the visual richness of a space, arising from both the diversity of elements and their latent relational order. Continuity- the visual coherence of a space, arising from similarities in its elements. Imagability- the qualities of a place that makes it distinct, recognizable.
Mode Share- the percentage of travelers using each type of transportation. Vision Cone- the extent of a driver’s visual awareness; the vision cone narrows as speed increases.
Barrier Free Design- an approach to the design of public space that ensure equal access to persons across the spectrum of physical ability, including factors in mobility, strength, vision, and hearing.
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The public relm near the corner of 3rd and Market is a rich tapestry of streetscape elements: pedestrian pavers, mature trees, understory planting, street furniture, and lighting. 10
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Riverfront Park
First St.
org ia A ve. Ge
High St.
Walnut St.
Market St.
Broad St.
Chestnut St.
Aquarium
Fourth St.
Sixth St.
The pubic realm of downtown Chattanooga emerges from a network of stories and pathways that trace the city’s history and portray its cultural identity. Each urban room has a unique sense of place and tells certain local stories. There are also bigger stories, told across grouping of urban rooms corridors that run across the whole downtown, clusters of streets that form districts, and streets that join with parks to create great landmark gathering spaces.
Market St.
Broad St.
Pine St.
Chattanooga’s Public Realm
Cherry St.
County Courthouse
Pat
Legend
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MLK Jr. Blvd.
Par
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Miller Park and Plaza
Public Realm
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ssie
Centers and corridors
Sm
ith
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Public Library
Streets with established character
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Streets with emerging character Major open space
Private Realm Buildings and private land
Public Realm
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.
Streetscape Character Streetscape character is the sum of the qualities of real streets that promote the growth and enrichment of the public realm. We rarely have the opportunity to design and build a downtown street from scratch - usually we begin in the middle, with a street bearing many marks of the city’s history. Character just as often comes from the quirks of history as from a designer’s intent. Our needs and expectations of streetscapes change over time. Our streets and buildings may be left unfinished, or decay, or be neglected. And our budgets and priorities change, all leading to a great variety in streetscape character. With close observation, we can discover the character of each street, emerging from its history, its typical activities, the proximity and juxtaposition of elements, and the ‘sense of place’ that collective memory builds.
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CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
We must learn to distinguish between the enduring character and the passing character of a street. At first impression, the character may seem to be set by the current business tenants and activities. But on the city-building timescale, these factors change relatively rapidly, and the changes take relatively small investments. Enduring character, found in physical buildings and in cultural habits, changes much more slowly, and takes more resources to change. City character is in a slow state of flux. It is reinforced or weakened by a steady stream of incremental actions undertaken by a variety of stakeholders, from building owners to passing pedestrians. The urban environment can be influenced by policies, plans, and cultural ideas that influence stakeholders.
Elements of Streetscape Character Streetscape character is the sum and interaction of numerous elements in the physical configuration of a street. Some are easy to observe and measure, like the presence of street trees. Recognizing the contribution of various elements of the streetscape requires observation and discussion because the impact of an element on the many kinds of activities and types of users of the street may not be apparent at first. Buildings
Lighting
Do the buildings add activity and enclosure to the space?
Does the street have pedestrianscaled lighting fixtures?
Street Trees
Bike Lanes
Do street trees add shade and visual interest to the street?
Are there dedicated bike lanes in the street?
Street Parking
For the present study, we identified elements of streetscape that are easy to observe and measure, and contribute widely to the qualities of good streetscape discussed in the Introduction. We started with the eight questions below, representing just a sample of the many aspects of streetscape character. A stronger streetscape will have more of these elements, but we don’t believe that every street needs all of these elements.
Public Seating
Is on-street parking available?
Does the street provide a place to sit and rest?
Sidewalks
Public Art
Does the sidewalk provide a continuous 6-foot clear walk zone?
Is any public art present, including sculpture and murals?
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Buildings According to Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente, authors of Measuring Urban Design: Metrics for Livable Places, “Active uses are defined as shops, restaurants, public park, and other uses that generate significant pedestrian traffic. Inactive uses include blank walls, parking lots, vacant lots, abandoned buildings, and offices with no apparent activity.�
Lots with active uses give people a reason to be in that space, encourage social interaction, and make the space safer. A block with more lots with active uses is more likely to be a space where people feel comfortable and want to spend time and therefore indicates a higher quality public realm.
Do the buildings add activity and enclosure to the space?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
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CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
Street Trees According to Allan Jacobs, author of Great Streets, “Trees can transform a street more easily than any other physical improvement. For many people, trees are the most important single characteristic of a good street.� Trees provide environmental,
economic, aesthetic, psychological, social, and safety benefits for a space. From providing shade to make walking the street more comfortable to emphasizing the linearity of a street to increasing biodiversity, trees can do a lot for a space.
Do street trees add shade and visual interest to the street?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
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Street Parking Allan Jacobs claims, “On-street auto parking is permitted and provided for along many of the best streets, far more than where there is none, but almost certainly in amounts that are far below demand or what any contemporary standard would require. At best, drivers seem to have a long shot at finding a space in the block they are destined for; they take the chance, usually lose, then look elsewhere
nearby for a place to park. That may be enough: a chance.� The presence of on-street parking increases use of a space by those that travel by vehicle, but also can act as a form of protection to pedestrians on the sidewalk or bikers in a protected bike lane from traveling vehicles in the roadway. On-street parking offers economic, safety, accessibility, and connectivity benefits.
Is on-street parking available?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
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CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
Sidewalks According to the FHWA Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation, “Sidewalks require a minimum width of 5.0 feet. Walking is a social activity. For any two people to walk together, 5.0 feet of space is the bare minimum.” Sidewalks serve as the links between two places, and the process of getting from one place to another should be made enjoyable by maximizing the quality
of the sidewalk. According to Allan Jacobs, “There have to be walkways that permit people to walk at varying paces, including most importantly a leisurely pace, with neither a sense of crowding nor being alone, and that are safe, primarily from vehicles.” By providing at least 6 feet of clear, walkable space, pedestrians will have a comfortable travel experience.
Does the sidewalk provide a continuous 6-foot clear walk zone?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
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Lighting “Pedestrian-oriented lighting� refers to lighting fixtures that are specifically designed to light the space for pedestrians, rather than vehicles. Pedestrian lighting serves the functional purpose of providing light for people to safely inhabit the space during
the morning, evening, and night, increasing a block’s flexibility. However, pedestrian lighting can also have benefits beyond this immediate practical intent as well-designed fixtures can also provide aesthetic and placemaking benefits.
Does the street have pedestrian-scaled lighting fixtures?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
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CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
Bike Lanes As a city with a bike share program, it is important for an extensive network of bike lanes to exist in order to promote biking culture. Bike lanes provide a safe space for bikers, making them feel more comfortable and more likely to bike rather than drive
or walk. Biking has sustainability, health, accessibility, and safety benefits that enhance the quality of a block as well as the overall city. Every street should be a safe place for bicyclists, but we shouldn’t expect every street to have dedicated bike lanes.
Are there dedicated bike lanes in the street?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
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Public Seating The existence of public seating along a block not only provides people with a place to rest, but also shows that this is a place in which people want to pause and spend time. Public seating encourages social interaction
among members of the community, which is a fundamental function of public spaces. Welldesigned public seating can greatly enhance a space as it affects the sociability, flexibility, distinctiveness, and safety of the block.
Does the street provide a place to sit and rest?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
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CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
Public Art According to Jack Becker, founder of Forecast Public Art, public art’s positive effects include: “engaging civic dialogue and community, attracting attention and economic benefit, connecting artists with communities, and enhancing public appreciation of art.” Public art can help to
define a space and create a sense of place. It also adds a cultural dimension to a space as it helps form and express a community’s identity. From educational to economic to aesthetic benefits, public art is an important characteristic of a space.
Is any public art present, including sculpture and murals?
0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
1 - Mostly present on one side of the street
2- Mostly present on both sides of the street
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Streetscape Inventory Process In June 2016, three Design Studio interns surveyed 192 blocks within the downtown core using a Google Forms questionnaire. For each block, the team recorded the presence or strength of eight elements of streetscpae character. In an effort to minimize surveyor bias, steps were taken to decrease the likelihood that the entire length of one street would be observed by a single respondent. Surveyors also carried with them a map of the labeled blocks and a document listing clarifications for possible issues that had previously been discussed and resolved for each of the elements. The results of the inventory are presented on the following pages. Please note, that while we have identified certain facts about each street, that is has or lacks street trees, for example, we have not made a value judgement about each street. There will be many cases where a streetscape element would not be considered necessary, or would not be a valued contributor to the total character of the street.
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Tennessee River
US-27
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
Innovation District
13th Street
Study Area Boundary
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PI-06
CS-06 7W-01
4E-02
5E-01
6E-00
6W-00
6W-01
7W-02
CR-01
MA-01
BR-03
CS-03 CS-04 CS-05 6W-02
3E-03
04
4E-01
5E-00
5W-00
5W-01
6W-03
4E-00
4W-00
4W-01
4W-02
2E-04
3E-02
3E-01
3E-00
3W-00 MA-03
3W-01
3W-02
AE-02
AE-01
MA-02
CS-02
PO-02
BR-01 AW-01
AW-02
AE-00
AW-00
BR-02
PO-01
CS-01
1E-00
AE
East Aquarium Way
AW
West Aquarium Way
BR
Broad Street
CA
Carter Street
CO
Columbia Street
CR
Cherry Street
CS
Chestnut Street
CU
Custom Street
DO
Douglas Street
FO
Foster Street
GA
Georgia Avenue
HI
High Street
HO
Houston Street
KE
East Martin Luther King Boulevard
KW
West Martin Luther King Boulevard
KI
King Street
LI
Lindsay Street
LO
Lookout Street
MA
Market Street
MB
Mabel Street
MC
McCallie Avenue
NB
Newby Street
OA
Oak Street
PI
Pine Street
PO
Power Alley
PP
Patten Parkway
SP
Spring Street
VI
Vine Street
WA
Walnut Street
BR-03
Indicates Street Name
Indicates Address Block
Block Naming Convention
Street Name Suffixes Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
23
Key 2 - Mostly present on both sides of the street 1-P artly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street
24
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Do the buildings add activity and enclosure to the space?
Do street trees add shade and visual interest to the street?
BUILDINGS
STREET TREES
Key 2-M ostly present on both sides of the s treet 1 - Partly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street
Is on-street parking available?
Does the sidewalk provide a continuous 6-foot clear walk zone?
STREET PARKING
SIDEWALKS Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
25
Key 2 - Mostly present on both sides of the street 1 - Partly present / only one side of the street 0 - Mostly absent on both sides of the street
26
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Does the street have pedestrian-scaled lighting fixtures?
Are there dedicated bike lanes in the street?
LIGHTING
BIKE LANES
Key 2-M ostly present on both sides of the street 1-P artly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street
Does the street provide a place to sit and rest?
Is any public art present, including sculpture and murals?
PUBLIC SEATING
PUBLIC ART
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
27
Streetscape Characteristics Summary
Buildings
Street Trees
Street Parking
Sidewalks
Lighting
Bike Lanes
Public Seating
Public Art
Key 2-M ostly present on both sides of the street 1-P artly present / only one side of the street 0-M ostly absent on both sides of the street
28
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Riverfront Park
Percent of total score attributed to each Streetscape Characteristic:
20%
Lighting:
10%
Bike Lanes:
5%
Public Seating:
10%
Public Art:
5%
ia A ve.
Sidewalks:
org
15%
Ge
Street Parking:
Sixth St.
County Courthouse
Eig
hth
Pat
ton
The combined score can help us identify streetscapes which are mostly complete and streetscapes which are in need of further improvement. Weighting is a subjective process, reflecting the community’s priorities and preferences, and can be adjusted to reflect the interests of the intended user group.
MLK Jr. Blvd.
Miller Park and Plaza
Ma
rtin
Par
St.
kw
Lut
her
ay
Kin
gJ
r. B lvd . Be ssie Sm it
h
Ten t
hS
Public Library
t.
TVA
Streetscape Quality Scale: 0
weaker
Cherry St.
15%
Market St.
Street Trees:
Broad St.
This map reflects our initial weighting model. We put greater emphasis on elements like sidewalk width and street trees, and less emphasis on bike lanes and public art. These are secondary elements that wouldn’t be essential to every streetscape.
20%
Fourth St.
Pine St.
Some streetscape elements have a greater impact on the quality of the public realm than others.
Buildings:
High St.
Weighting is the process of assigning greater or lesser value to each element of streetscape character, allowing us to arrive at a composite measure for each block-long urban room.
Market St.
Combined Measures
Broad St.
Weighting
Chestnut St.
Weighted Streetscape Quality
Walnut St.
First St.
Aquarium
5
10
stronger
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
29
Observing Streetscapes: Visual Inventory Improvements to individual blocks will require close observation of the existing condition of each block. In addition to the character elements inventoried distrcit wide, we have also made observations of the extent of these physical elements within each block. Because the character of great streets varies, we have avoided making judgements about the presence or absence of streetscape elements in a given block. For example, while street trees are a broadly desirable design element, there may be many streets downtown where street trees would not be a desired or necessary part of the streetscape character.
Graphic Legend Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Mass
30
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
GE
OR
GIA
AV E
CHERRY ST
12TH STREET
11TH STREET
10TH STREET
MARKET ST
M L KING, JR. BLVD
8TH STREET
7TH STREET
MILLER PARK
BROAD ST
CHESTNUT ST
Legend Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing
Innovation District Streetscapes
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
31
100 Broad Street street section type A weighted 5.6 streetscape score
Lighting •
• Public Art
• Public Seating
BR-02 200 Broad Street street section type B weighted 6.4 streetscape score
Bike Lanes •
300 Broad Street
street section type B weighted 6.4 streetscape score
Bike Lanes •
W6 ST
6TH STREET E6 ST
5TH STREET E5 ST Lighting •
• Public Seating
BR-03
• Parking Lanes
W11 ST
• Public Art
Street Trees • Buildings •
FSG Bank Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Seating
BR-04
400 Broad Street street section type B
• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art
Bike Lanes •
E11 ST
Lighting •
Moonpie Store W10 ST
• Sidewalks
Bike Lanes •
W5 ST
W4 ST E4 ST
4TH STREET
3RD STREET E 3 ST E 3 ST
• Parking Lanes
Buildings •
• Public Seating
BR-05 500 Broad Street
street section type B
weighted 7.6 streetscape score
weighted 7.2 streetscape score
percent of 15% frontage built
percent of 67% frontage built
percent of 37% frontage built
percent of frontage 73% built
percent of frontage 72% built
frontage suitable 15% for retail
frontage suitable 63% for retail
frontage suitable 27% for retail
frontage suitable 66% for retail
frontage suitable 48% for retail
average building 2 height
average building 2.8 height
average building 1.7 height
average building 3 height
average building 3 height
travel lanes 2
travel lanes 5
right-of-way width 125.5 ft.
right-of-way width 120.5 ft.
roadway width 97 ft.
roadway width 96 ft.
BROAD STREET 32
Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
• Public Seating
BR-01
Market Court
E10 ST
• Public Art
• Parking Lanes
EML KING ST
Lighting •
Street Trees •
Buildings •
WML KING ST
• Sidewalks
EML KING ST
• Parking Lanes
W8 ST
Street Trees •
Lupi’s Pizza
Majestic Theater
The Block
Buildings •
Bike Lanes •
W7 ST
Mostly Present Partly Present Mostly Absent
W7 ST
Aquarium Plaza
WML KING ST
Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing
W8 ST
Legend
Sports Barn
Blue Water
W AQU WAY W AQU WAY AQUARIUM WAY
Aquarium Annex
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 121 ft. roadway width 95.5 ft.
travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 122 ft. roadway width 95 ft.
travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 120.5 ft. roadway width 96 ft.
• Parking Lanes
Reed House Hotel
UBS
Street Trees •
• Parking Lanes
• Parking Lanes
TVA
W11 ST
E12 ST
E11 11TH ST STREET
E10 10TH ST STREET
W10 ST
WML STSTJR. BLVD EML KING ST ST WML KING EML KING M LKING KING, Street Trees •
E6 ST
empty lot
W12 ST
EPB
W8 ST
Tivoli Theater
E5 ST
Elkins Building
W8 ST8TH STREET
W7STST E7 7TH STREET W12 ST
E6 ST 6TH STREET
W6 ST
W7W7 ST ST
TVAFCU
CWC/ Bancorp South Street Trees •
E 3 ST E4 ST
W AQU WAY
Regions Bank
Chattanooga Public Library
Street Trees •
• Parking Lanes
Street Trees •
TVA
• Parking Lanes
Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
Bike Lanes •
E12 ST
Buildings •
• Public Seating
BR-06 600 Broad Street street section type B weighted 5 treetscape score
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
BR-07 700 Broad Street street section type B weighted 4.4 streetscape score
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
BR-08 800 Broad Street street section type B weighted 6.4 streetscape score
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
BR-09
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
900 Broad Street
1000 Broad Street
street section type C
street section type C
weighted 3 streetscape score
• Sidewalks • Public Art
Bike Lanes •
BR-10
• Parking Lanes
• Public Seating
BR-11 1100 Broad Street street section type D
weighted 5.2 streetscape score
weighted 6.6 streetscape score
percent of 66% frontage built
percent of 90% frontage built
percent of 76% frontage built
percent of 73% frontage built
frontage suitable 60% for retail
frontage suitable 75% for retail
frontage suitable 60% for retail
frontage suitable 50% for retail
frontage suitable 0% for retail
frontage suitable 0% for retail
average building 4 height
average building 5.8 height
average building 4.4 height
average building 8.5 height
average building 4 height
average building 5.6 height
travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 120 ft. roadway width 96 ft.
travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 120 ft. roadway width 93 ft.
travel lanes 5
travel lanes 4
percent of 48% frontage built
percent of 75% frontage built
travel lanes 5
travel lanes 4
right-of-way width 120 ft.
right-of-way width 83 ft.
right-of-way width 82 ft.
right-of-way width 80 ft.
roadway width 94.5 ft.
roadway width 54 ft.
roadway width 56 ft.
roadway width 58 ft.
BROAD STREET
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
33
120’ Right of Way 96’ Curb to Curb
BROAD STREET SECTION TYPES 34
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Section B
Section A
120’ Right of Way 96’ Curb to Curb
Section C
82’ Right of Way
56’ Curb to Curb
Section D
82’ Right of Way
56’ Curb to Curb
BROAD STREET SECTION TYPES
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
35
e 3rd st.
e aq. way
bridge
Jacks Liquors
e 3rd st.
e aq. way
bridge
100 Market Building
a
a
a
Johnson Group
Parking Garage
empty lot
market street a a
Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing
Mostly Present Partly Present Mostly Absent
Big River Brewing
Street Trees •
e 4th st.
• Parking Lanes
Street Trees e 5th st. •
6TH STREET
5TH STREET
4TH STREET
Street Trees • e 6th st.• Parking Lanes
Buehler’s e 7th st. Trees • Street
Market Court • Parking Lanes
Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Seating
MA-01 100 Market Street street section type A weighted 6.4 streetscape score
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
MA-02 200 Market Street
300 Market Street weighted 6 streetscape score
frontage suitable 44% for retail
average building 2.3 height
average building 1.6 height travel lanes 5 right-of-way width 98 ft. roadway width 69.5 ft.
MARKET STREET CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
MA-03
weighted 6 streetscape score
frontage suitable 57% for retail
roadway width 69 ft.
• Public Seating
street section type A
percent of 44% frontage built
travel lanes 5
Bike Lanes •
street section type A
percent of 75% frontage built
right-of-way width 95 ft.
36
e 6th st.
b
Chattanooga Lifestyle Center
• Parking Lanes
e 5th st.
Buildings •
Bike Lanes •
a
e 5th st.
e 4th st.
a
a
Puckett’s
e 4th st.
e 4th st.
e 3rd st.
e aq. way
bridge
Legend
3RD STREET
1ST STREET
AQUARIUM WAY
a
a
a
a
percent of 100% frontage built
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
MA-04 400 Market Street street section type A weighted 5.6 streetscape score
• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
MA-05 500 Market Street street section type A weighted 5.6 streetscape score
percent of 76% frontage built
percent of 45% frontage built
frontage suitable 33% for retail
frontage suitable 68% for retail
frontage suitable for 32% retail
average building 1.6 height
average building 1.6 height
travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 98 ft. roadway width 68 ft.
travel lanes 5 right-of-way width 100 ft. roadway width 69 ft.
average building 3.4 height travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 101 ft. roadway width 69 ft.
e 6th st.
e 7th st. e 8th st.
e 4th st.
County Courts Building
700 Block
Miller Plaza
bc
Miller Park
Warehouse Row
b
aa
cc
a a
bc
Park Plaza Building
b
e 8th st.
11TH STREET
e mlk blvd. e mlk blvd.
e 8th st.
e 7th st.
10TH STREET
e 7th st.
e 7th st.
e 6th st.
M L KING, JR. BLVD
8TH STREET
7TH STREET
6TH STREET
houston st.
e 11th st.
e 11th st.st. e 11th
10thst.st. e e10th
b
b
Region’s Bank Street Trees •
• Parking Lanes
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Lighting •
• Public Art
Bike Lanes •
houston st.
TVFCU
• Public Seating
600 Market Street weighted 7 streetscape score
houston st.
Street Trees •
• Parking Lanes
Street Trees •
• Parking Lanes
• Parking Lanes
Street Trees •
• Parking Lanes
Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
e 11th st.
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
MA-07 700 Market Street street section type B weighted 4.4 streetscape score
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
MA-08 800 Market Street street section type A weighted 6.2 streetscape score percent of 57% frontage built
frontage suitable 51% for retail
frontage suitable 67% for retail
frontage suitable 50% for retail
average building 3.9 height
average building 6.5 height
average building 3.2 height
roadway width 50 ft.
Street Trees •
TVA
Buildings •
percent of 98% frontage built
travel lanes 4
Puckett’s
• Sidewalks
percent of 74% frontage built
right-of-way width 99.5 ft.
EPB
e 11th st. Buildings •
MA-06 street section type B
Fischer Evans Jewelry
travel lanes 4 right-of-way width 100 ft. roadway width 50 ft.
travel lanes 4
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
MA-09 900 Market Street street section type C weighted s 6.4 treetscape score percent of 100% frontage built
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
weighted 5.6 streetscape score
• Public Art • Public Seating
MA-11
1000 Market Street street section type A
• Sidewalks
Bike Lanes •
MA-10
• Parking Lanes
1100 Market Street street section type B weighted 6 streetscape score
percent of 50% frontage built
percent of 89% frontage built
frontage suitable 85% for retail
frontage suitable 50% for retail
frontage suitable 47% for retail
average building 7.3 height
average building 6.7 height
average building 5.6 height
travel lanes 5
travel lanes 5
travel lanes 4
right-of-way width 100 ft.
right-of-way width 100 ft.
right-of-way width 100 ft.
right-of-way width 96 ft.
roadway width 52.5 ft.
roadway width 53.5 ft.
roadway width 65.5 ft.
roadway width 45 ft.
MARKET STREET
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
37
Section A
100’ Right of Way 70’ Curb to Curb
MARKET STREET SECTION TYPES 38
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Section B
100’ Right of Way 50’ Curb to Curb
Section C
100’ Right of Way 70’ Curb to Curb
MARKET STREET SECTION TYPES
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
39
Bike Lanes •
Buildings •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Seating
Bike Lanes •
Buildings •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Parking Lanes
• Public Art
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
CR-02
CR-03
100 Cherry Street
200 Cherry Street
300 Cherry Street
weighted 2 streetscape score percent of 47% frontage built
street section type E weighted 2.6 streetscape score percent of 84% frontage built
street section type C weighted 2 streetscape score percent of 0% frontage built
frontage suitable 7% for retail
frontage suitable 0% for retail
frontage suitable 0% for retail
average building 5 height
average building 3 height
average building 0 height
travel lanes 2
travel lanes 2
travel lanes 2
right-of-way width 42 ft.
right-of-way width 40 ft.
roadway width 24 ft.
roadway width 24 ft.
CHERRY STREET CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
right-of-way width 40 ft. roadway width 25.5 ft.
E 3 ST
UNUM
E 6 ST 6TH STREETE 6 ST
E 5 ST5TH STREET E 5 ST
Don Close Building Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
E 3 ST
E AQU WAY
E 1 ST
E 4 ST E 4 ST4TH STREET E 4 ST Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
• Public Seating
E 7 ST
empty lot
CR-01 street section type F
40
• Parking Lanes
E 4 ST
E 3 ST 3RD STREET E 3 ST Street Trees •
• Sidewalks
E AQU WAY
E 1 ST Lighting •
Cherry Street Townhouses
E 6 ST
E 5 ST • Parking Lanes
UNUM Garage
E 7 ST
Street Trees • Buildings •
E 5 ST
E 4 ST
Mostly Present Partly Present Mostly Absent
empty lot
empty lot
E 6 ST
E 1 ST E 1 ST 1ST STREET
Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing E 4 ST
Legend
Cherry Street Townhouses
E AQU WAY E AQU WAY AQUARIUM WAY
Museum Bluffs Condominium
empty lot
• Parking Lanes
Street Trees •
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
CR-04 400 Cherry Street street section type C weighted 4.4 streetscape score percent of 59% frontage built
• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
CR-05 500 Cherry Street street section type B, D weighted 3.4 streetscape score percent of 47% frontage built
frontage suitable 0% for retail
frontage suitable 0% for retail
average building 4.1 height
average building 3 height
travel lanes 2 right-of-way width 60 ft. roadway width 39.5 ft.
travel lanes 2 right-of-way width 60 ft. roadway width 38.5 ft.
E 4 ST
County Court Street Trees •
Chattanooga Billiards Club • Parking Lanes
Smart Bank
ST STREETE 8 ST E 8 8TH
E 7 ST E 7 ST 7TH STREET E 7 ST E 7 ST
River Street Architecture
Street Trees •
• Parking Lanes
MLK ST
M L KING, JR. BLVD
E 4 ST
E 3 ST E 6 ST6TH STREET E 6 ST
E 3 ST
Courts Garage
Loveman’s Building Street Trees •
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
• Sidewalks
Buildings •
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
• Public Art
Lighting •
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
Bike Lanes •
CR-06
CR-07
600 Cherry Street street section type C weighted streets- 4.6 cape score
• Public Seating
700 Cherry Street street section type B weighted streets- 4.4 cape score
• Parking Lanes • Sidewalks • Public Art
Bike Lanes •
• Public Seating
CR-08 800 Cherry Street street section type A, B weighted streets- 3.6 cape score
percent of frontage 83% built
percent of front- 85% age built
percent of front- 49% age built
frontage suitable 0% for retail
frontage suitable 76% for retail
frontage suitable 28% for retail
average building 4.1 height
average building 3.3 height
average building 5.3 height
travel lanes 2
travel lanes 2
right-of-way width 60 ft.
right-of-way width 60 ft.
roadway width 39 ft.
roadway width 41 ft.
travel lanes 2 right-of-way width 60 ft. roadway width 37.5 ft.
CHERRY STREET
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
41
Section A
Section C
60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb
60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb
CHERRY STREET SECTION TYPES 42
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Section B
60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb
Section D
60’ Right of Way 40’ Curb to Curb
Section E
40’ Right of Way 24’ Curb to Curb
CHERRY STREET SECTION TYPES
Cityscapes
I
Streetscape Inventory
43
E 6 ST
E 5 ST
E 4 ST
E 4 ST
CS-02
E 6 ST
E 4 ST
E 3 ST
E 4 ST
E 3 ST
W AQU WAY W AQU WAY
CS-01
CS-03
CS-04
CS-05
CHESTNUT STREET
E 7 ST
E 6 ST E 6 ST
E 7 ST
LK WM
E 5 ST
WML KING ST
ST W8
E 4 ST
E 4 ST
Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing
ING
ST
Legend
CA-09
CA-10
CH ST
MA ST
BR ST
BR ST
S W8
T
CARTER STREET
7W-01
7W-00
CH ST
BR ST
BR ST
7W-02
MA ST
7th
7E-00
7E-01
7TH STREET
H ST
A ST
R ST
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO R ST
44
7E-02
8W-02
8W-01 8W-00 CH ST
W8 ST
8E-00
NG S
L KI
CS-08 WM
T
W7 ST E 7 ST
CS-07
CH ST
MA ST
BR ST
BR ST
CS-06
MA ST
BR ST
BR ST
E 6 ST
CH ST
MA ST
BR ST
BR ST
BR ST
WML KING ST
CH ST
W8 ST
MA ST
E 7 STW7 ST BR ST
E 6 ST
7th
CHESTNUT STREET
8th
8E-01
8TH STREET
Cityscapes I Streetscape Inventory 45
46 TO N ST
ST
10E-01
US
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
10E-00 MA
ST
GIA AVE
ST MA
BR
ST
CH
T S MA
ST
GIA
AVE
GEORGIA AVE
OR
MA ST
ST
BR ST
BR
GE
KE-01
10E-02 KING ST
HOUSTON ST
LINDSAY ST
GEORGIA AVE
OR
GE
MA ST
KE-00
HO
10TH STREET MA ST
MLK BLVD KW-00
SAY
10W-00 T
Legend
S BR
ST
BR ST
KW-01
LIN D
10W-01 BR
BR ST
KW-02 KE-02
Travel Lane Street Parking Bike Lane Street Trees Sidewalk Lighting Facade Transparency Building Massing
S MA
T
BR
ST
ST
T YS ERR CH
CHERRY ST
MA ST
ST MA
BR ST
CH ST
CH
GEORGIA AVE
ST BR
S MA
US TO N
HO
ST
11E-00 DS AY ST
11TH STREET 11W-00 LIN
11W-01 11E-02
Cityscapes
11E-03
I Streetscape Inventory 47
AVE
MA ST GIA
ST MA GEORGIA AVE
GE OR
HOUSTON ST
LINDSAY ST
T S BR
BR ST
48
CHATTANOOGA DESIGN STUDIO
Conclusion and Next Steps Reflections on Part One Cityscapes is a portrait-in-progress of a downtown that is undergoing rapid growth. The project seeks to create a foundation of fact and analysis- a common ground for the many ongoing conversations guiding the growth of the city. Cityscapes must take a holistic view: it must be comprehensive of all aspects of the downtown, and it must also be a principled process that unites many disparate actions within a shared vision of the goals and purposes that our downtown serves. That is, we must put our values into words and discuss them with each other. And we must connect our values to the concrete features and processes of the built environment. Cityscapes relies on a categorization of the city into public and private spheres of activity and is primarily concerned with the public realm. Public and private will never be perfectly separate, and in fact it is common to characterize the city as a place where public and private concerns are productively mingled. We find private businesses relying upon and benefiting from public amenities like streets, and we also find the private sector making significant contributions to the vitality of the street. ‘Private contributions to the public realm’ is an awkward phrase, but describes a significant factor in the growth and character of cities. Individual accomplishments, like constructing a beautiful building facade, or planting a garden visible from the street, enrich the public realm in ways that no amount of public sector effort could.
That said, the responsibility for most of of the public realm rests with local government, which owns and maintains our streets, public facilities, and parks. In the ideal, every part of the city should be built in such a manner as to sustain the community’s deepest purposes and values. Concerning public amenities managed by local government, this ideal emerges as an imperative. We are all responsible for ensuring that public resources are used to increase the common good. The city, considered physically, consists of many various parts which cannot be perfectly categorized. It is a complex system, made complex by the semi-independent contributions of many different people and organizations, and by the persistence of many of its physical elements over different time frames. Any systematic study of a city must consider as many aspects of the city as it can.
Next Steps As the Cityscapes project proceeds, we will continue to add new layers to the portrait of Chattanooga’s downtown. We plan to include at least the following topics: Parks and Social Spaces; Landmarks; Streetscape Types; Building Types; Redevelopment Opportunities; and Cultural Heritage and Memories. The Chattanooga Design Studio welcomes the participation of residents and local organizations. We will host a series of workshops to further develop the Cityscapes study; and we welcome any suggestions or collaborations.
Cityscapes
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Streetscape Inventory
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