Autism-friendly ER 3 Executive changes 7 PERIODICAL RATE PUBLICATION
JUNE 1, 2019 VOLUME 35, NUMBER 10
Providence invests to yield a lifetime of well-being for troubled children Mental health program provides therapy, case management, resources to children and families
SANTA MONICA, Calif. — It is rug time at the therapeutic preschool at the Child and Family Development Center. About a half dozen children gather in a semicircle around mental health rehabilitation specialist Denise Sweeney to talk about how they’re feeling today. They can select a “happy face,” “sad face” or “mad face” out of a stack of placards. “I’m feeling happy,” says one child as she retrieves a smiley face. “Why are you feeling happy?” asks Sweeney. “Because mommy came to see me today,” says the girl. Sweeney mirrors the girl’s joy, demonstrating emotional engagement and empathy for her young charges as she does so.
David Crane/©CHA
By JULIE MINDA
Jenon Lee, a therapeutic child specialist, works with Desiree Harrington in the Day Treatment Intensive Therapeutic Preschool program at Providence Saint John's Health Center’s Child and Family Development Center. The center in Santa Monica, Calif., provides behavioral health and mental health services to lowincome families who might otherwise be unable to access care.
One by one, the children share the reasons for the emotion that dominates their psyches this morning. All of the children have behavioral issues that can manifest in
emotional outbursts or extreme withdrawal. Sweeney helps the children to process complex emotions and experiences. In this exercise, called community meeting time, she
does so by simply modeling how to identify and speak about feelings. Many of the children who attend the therapeutic preschool or receive therapy at the center have experienced trauma and upheaval that has derailed their sense of safety and well-being. They may have witnessed or suffered violence at home. They may be living in a foster home or shelter. They may manifest their anxiety, frustration and powerlessness by lashing out or shutting down. They and their families have been referred to this center to receive intensive intervention, to heal from their trauma and begin a new trajectory. The Day Treatment Intensive Therapeutic Preschool is one of nearly a dozen programs and services offered for children and their families, and for adults at the Child and Family Development Center, which is part of Santa Monica’s Providence Saint John’s Health Center. The mental health facility’s focus is on children and parents in low-income families, including immigrant families. Continued on 4
Benedictine Health uses Bon Secours expands its volunteer ministry for recent college graduates virtual reality to build Participants plumb the empathy in those caring spiritual in themselves and for cognitively impaired in their chosen vocations By KATHLEEN NELSON
By KEN LEISER
Beatriz Rogers is a math teacher in her mid-60s whose mental acuity slowly gives way to Alzheimer’s disease — a neurodegenerative disease that afflicts about 5.5 million Americans. During a virtual reality lab that tracks her decline over 10 years, caregivers and others have a chance to experience her cognitive impairment. Employees of Benedictine Health System’s Saint Anne of Winona, Minn., and Madonna Living Community of Rochester, Minn., have completed the interactive training module that features the fictitious Beatriz. The module was created by Embodied Labs of Los Angeles. Dr. Neal Buddensiek, the chief medical officer of Benedictine Health in Shore– view, Minn., said the virtual reality offering is recognition that many nursing home residents live with some level of cognitive impairment or dementia and that its stafftraining content needed Buddensiek an upgrade to support compassionate, empathetic interactions with these patients. Training is offered to members of the interdisciplinary team — from “culinary to environmental services to the frontline care providers,” Buddensiek said. “A lot of it was on an e-learning platform,” Buddensiek said of the traditional staff training materials used by Benedictine Health. “It was a lot of lecture. It was a lot of PowerPoint presentations. It was a lot of Continued on 3
Chris Dethlefs graduated from the University of Notre Dame with a degree in mathematics and an acceptance into medical school at the University of Nebraska. Rather than jump immediately back into studies, though, he committed to a year of faith-based service where he could focus on patients as people rather than diagnoses and explore healing as a vocation. “I wanted to work on the relational aspects of care, practicing empathy and compassion, before the stresses of medical school would consume my time,” he said. Dethlefs works with patients in a special unit of Bon Secours Richmond Community Hospital in the East End area of Richmond, Va. The unit cares for people whose conditions require them to spend a month or more in the hospital. He takes patients for
Chris Dethlefs plays bingo with a patient at Bon Secours Richmond Community Hospital in Richmond, Va. Dethlefs is using his time in the Bon Secours Volunteer Ministry program to work on the relational aspects of health care before beginning medical school.
walks, plays cards with them, talks a little and listens a lot. Dethlefs is one of five young adults who
are extending the mission and charism of the Sisters of Bon Secours in Richmond Continued on 6
CHRISTUS doctors get coached on how to connect with patients By PATRICIA CORRIGAN
When some accomplished physicians in the CHRISTUS Trinity Mother Frances Health System of Tyler, Texas, repeatedly rated low in communication skills on patient satisfaction surveys, Dr. Scott Smith proposed a program designed to enhance those skills and improve patient service. “All of us were a little embarrassed,” recalled Smith, a senior vice presiSmith dent of CHRISTUS Trinity Clinic. The CHRISTUS Health-owned
specialty physician group practice is a notfor-profit organization. Its doctors work at CHRISTUS Mother Frances Hospital and in its medical offices in Northeast Texas. “I said let’s take our top communicators and teach them how to coach other physicians and advanced practice clinicians,” Smith said. Smith, who came to CHRISTUS Health four years ago, had faith in the coaching program, which he had observed in practice when he worked at Kaiser Permanente in Colorado. “Good communication skills provide a quality experience for patients and providers alike, and a good experience also is a quality indicator for better health out-
comes,” said Smith, who is also vice president of primary care and clinical operations for the CHRISTUS Health system. In 2015, CHRISTUS Mother Frances Hospital–Tyler initiated the coaching program; and, after a bumpy start, the results have been impressive. Last year, 82 doctors at the hospital received perfect scores from the agencies that track consumers’ assessments of satisfaction with their medical professionals. Before taking part in the program, Smith said, some of those doctors had ranked in the 50th percentile or below on their patient-rated communication skills. Continued on 6
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CATHOLIC HEALTH WORLD June 1, 2019
CHI St. Joseph makes good use of community resource referral guide By KEN LEISER
A female patient was about to be discharged from CHI St. Joseph Regional Health Center in Bryan, Texas, but she had no place to go. Recognizing that she would require ongoing treatment at CHI St. Joseph, a hospital case manager contacted the health resource center to figure out what could be done for the woman. “We were able to call on our members, find the type of support that she needed — including six weeks of a place to stay at our local community shelter,” said Patricia Schoenemann, director of the Brazos Health Resource Center, a program of CHI St. Joseph. The health center is part of Chicago-based CommonSpirit Health. Provisions were made to transport the patient to treatment. Because public transportation runs just five days a week, a local church pitched in to provide rides to weekend treatment appointments. Prescription medication assistance also was found. Brazos Health Resource Center, located in the seven-county Brazos Valley in eastern Texas, is part of a statewide 211 information and referral network. Schoenemann was one of two presenters in an April 18 webinar on the findings of University of California, San Francisco researchers who studied community resource referral platforms. Health care providers increasingly have turned to technology platforms that include electronic community resource directories and facilitate referrals to social service agencies to meet their patients’ nonmedical needs. (Traditional social service listings were rarely kept up to date and did not lend themselves to effective tracking of referral outcomes.) The research was commissioned by the Episcopal Health Foundation of Houston; St. David’s Foundation in Austin, Texas; and Methodist Healthcare Ministries of South Texas. The resulting 98-page Community Resource Referral Platforms: A Guide for Health Care Organizations is designed to assist safety net health care providers navi-
gating the emerging market of technologybased platforms for community resource referrals. The need for such a guide reflects the growing movement among health care organizations to refer patients to community-based social service providers. The health care sector requires accurate, accessible and up-to-date information about those services, as well as the ability to make electronic referrals, according to the guide. “There are a number of technologies out there that are designed to help health care organizations streamline the process of referring patients to community resources to help address their unmet needs,” said Yuri Cartier of the Social Interventions Research & Evaluation Network at UCSF,
one of the researchers. The team evaluated nine data platforms. The platforms have common elements including a searchable directory of organizations and social service agencies and a management system capable of sending referrals to community organizations and tracking outcomes. Researchers interviewed representatives of 39 organizations that use the platforms. Most were in health care organizations. Brazos Health Resource Center uses the CharityTracker platform, Schoenemann said. There are more than 1,000 networks using the CharityTracker platform across the U.S. (The other eight platforms reviewed in the guide were Aunt Bertha, CrossTx, Healthify, NowPow, One Degree, Pieces Iris, TAVConnect, and Unite Us.)
Authors made several recommendations in the guide, underscoring the benefits of successfully engaging community organizations from the beginning. By successful engagement, the authors stressed that buy-in and collaboration are easier when health care organizations “reach out to community-based partners prior to platform selection.” The authors recommended that those evaluating technology platforms for purchase compare costs and examine what already exists in the community in order to prevent duplication. More information on the guide and the report findings can be found at https:// sirenetwork.ucsf.edu/newsroom/events/ siren-webinar-community-resource-refer ral-platforms-lessons-early-health-care.
THE HEART OF...
Catholic Health Assembly JUNE 9 – 11 | DALLAS
2019 AWARD RECIPIENTS
Celebrating Extraordinary Contributions to the Catholic Health Ministry S I S T E R C O N C I L I A M O R A N AWA R D For demonstrated creativity and breakthrough thinking
Upcoming
Events
from The Catholic Health Association Pre-Assembly Mission Leader Seminar June 8 | 1 – 5 p.m. CT
Pre-Assembly Physician Leader Forum June 9 |8 a.m. to noon CT
Pre-Assembly Community Benefit Program June 9 |8 a.m. to noon CT
Holly Austin Gibbs, Director, Human Trafficking Response Program, Dignity Health, San Francisco, a member of CommonSpirit Health
L I F E T I M E A C H I E V E M E N T AWA R D For a lifetime of contributions Fr. Francis G. Morrisey, OMI, Ph.D., JCD, Professor Emeritus of Canon Law, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Canada
TOMORROW’S LEADERS PROGRAM Honoring young people who will guide our ministry in the future Tiffany Capeles, Director, Health Equity, CHRISTUS Health, Irving, Texas W. Carson Felkel, II, MD, Lead Physician, Behavioral Health Program, Bon Secours St. Francis Health System, Greenville, S.C. Jenna K. Floberg, Executive Director, Villa Loretto Nursing Home and Villa Rosa Assisted Living, Mt. Calvary, Wis., a member of SSM Health
Pre-Assembly Program: The Heart of Aging Services
Sunny Lay, Director, Nursing Operations, St. Anthony Hospital, Gig Harbor, Wash., a member of CHI Franciscan Health/CommonSpirit Health
2019 Catholic Health Assembly
Bryan Lee, President and Chief Executive Officer, Our Lady of Lourdes Regional Medical Center, Lafayette, La., a member of Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady Health System
June 9 |9:30 – 11 a.m. CT
June 9 – 11
Abby Lowe McNeil, Vice President, Communications and Public Affairs, CHRISTUS Health, Irving, Texas
REGISTER NOW! Assembly 2019 | June 9-11 chausa.org/calendar
Join us in Dallas where CHA will celebrate these and the other award recipients on June 10, during the Awards Banquet.
chausa.org/assembly
Sponsor of the 2019 Tomorrow’s Leaders Program
Cody McSellers-McCray, Regional Director, Community Health, AMITA Health, Chicago, a member of Ascension Scott O’Brien, Chief Operating Officer, WashingtonMontana Region, Providence St. Joseph Health, Spokane, Wash. Peter Powers, Chief Executive Officer, St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, Colo., a member of Centura Health/ CommonSpirit Health Sara Vaezy, Chief Digital Strategy Officer, Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, Wash. Heather Wall, Chief Nursing Officer, PeaceHealth Sacred Heart Medical Center at RiverBend, Springfield, Ore.
June 1, 2019 CATHOLIC HEALTH WORLD
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‘Autism-friendly’ ER rooms provide soothing environment for children By PATRICIA CORRIGAN
Bright lights. Alarms. Sporadic overhead pages. A parade of unfamiliar clinicians. Patients who are stressed, maybe demonstratively so. The abundance of sensory stimulation in the average mental health emergency department can feel overwhelming to children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. To better care for these patients, Saint Mary’s Hospital in Waterbury, Conn., offers two “autism-friendly” exam rooms set apart from the cacophony. “The emergency department can be a terrifying experience for anybody, but particularly terrifying for kids with autism, whose perceptual experiences are different,” says Ava Boornazian, a psychiatric nurse practitioner affiliated with Saint Mary’s. “As we saw more children start to panic in that environment, we realized we needed to help make coming to the hospital a little easier on these patients.” She added that clinicians also wanted to create environments that were conducive to engagement with the patient’s family. “Autism really is a family illness,” she says. A member of L ivonia, Mich.-bas ed Trinity Health, Saint Mary’s has the fourthhighest pediatric volume emergency department in Connecticut. Two years ago, the hospital redesigned two traditional rooms in the emergency department to accommodate young patients with autism. The rooms are in a recessed area in the behavioral health emergency department, which is behind a wooden door. A report from the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality shows that nationwide the number of people with an autism diagnosis who were seen in hospital emergency rooms nearly doubled from 81,628 in 2009 to 159,517 in 2014. Today, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that autism is the
Virtual reality From page 1
less-than-multisensory-engaging material. And I think we knew overall that we needed a better way of cutting through in a dynamic fashion.”
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animal from home, or a stress ball. We also find out preferences for snacks.”
Ava Boornazian, a psychiatric nurse practitioner, stands at the threshold of an “autism-friendly” room in the mental health emergency department at Saint Mary’s Hospital in Waterbury, Conn. The sound-proof room has low lighting and bare walls. Boornazian says the reduced stimulus environment can lessen the amount of medication needed to calm a young patient in the throes of a mental health crisis.
fastest-growing developmental disability in the U.S., and one in 59 children has been identified with autism spectrum disorder. In 2017, the emergency department at Saint Mary’s had 900 adolescent/pediatric behavioral health assessments. Last year, the department charted more than 1,350. “Behavioral issues are part of this illness, and more and more emergency departments are seeing high numbers of children and young adults with autism coming in because it’s hard to get appointments with outpatient practitioners,” says Boornazian. “Our two autism-friendly rooms are used almost every day, and we have found that the lower level of stimulation eliminates the need for physical restraints and decreases the amount of medication needed” when a child is in crisis.
Easy does it What does an autism-friendly room look like? Painted a soft beige, the rooms are larger than other exam rooms in the department. The walls are bare and sound-proofed; the
So he fed the terms “virtual reality” and “dementia care” into the Google web search engine. That is where Buddensiek found Embodied Labs. He reached out to the company’s chief executive, Carrie Shaw. Buddensiek and Shaw held several virtual meetings and he was impressed with the company’s training content for health care staff. He collaborated with Shaw on a keynote presentation at Benedictine Health’s annual leadership meeting about providing support and comfort to those living with dementia. “That was sort of how we vetted them,” Buddensiek said.
Art of communication Shaw was 19 when her mother — then in her late 40s — was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer’s disease. Shaw, her sisters and their father took turns being at home to care for her mother, while Shaw earned her bachelor’s degree in public health from the University of North Carolina. After graduation, she joined the Peace Corps and was posted to the Dominican Republic. There, she learned the power of art in communicating health concepts. “I didn’t speak Spanish,” she said. “I didn’t really know the culture. And my job was to teach teenagers reproductive health.” She learned to draw and used a lot of visual communication to overcome some of the language, cultural and education barriers. (She ultimately learned Spanish during her two years and three months in the Dominican Republic.) Biomedical visualization Shaw returned to the United States and moved in with her parents, knowing that she ultimately wanted to go to graduate school and become a medical illustrator. By now her mother required more assistance than she and her father were capable of pro-
lights are kept low. “The bed is a normal bed, not a hospital bed, and the staff doesn’t wear lab coats,” Boornazian says. “We have chairs that can’t be thrown by a frightened child and the televisions are encased in protective, nonbreakable enclosures. And we can offer iPads so the kids can download their favorite songs or games, to give them a sense of control and security.” The staff is trained to take individual needs into consideration, Boornazian says. “Autism has many different presentations, from individuals who are nonverbal to those who are extremely high-functioning and verbal. They all perceive the world differently, and each person has a different thing that is disturbing or comforting.” The staff also speaks at length with parents to learn the patients’ preferences and devise individualized treatments. “One child may be sensitive to touch, but others may run at you. You might perceive that as kids coming to hit or attack you, but they may throw their arms around you, seeking the comfort of hugs,” Boornazian says. “Others may want a teddy bear or stuffed
Overnight and extended stays The trend to provide autism-friendly rooms appears to have begun on the East Coast more than three years ago. Aurelia Grayson, a spokeswoman for Autism Speaks, a national advocacy organization based in New York City, reports that “while many hospitals make accommodations, we are not aware of any statistics on autismfriendly emergency rooms.” Newspapers have reported on such rooms in hospitals in Washington, D.C., New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Florida and South Carolina. Emergency room staff in other hospitals, including St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor in Ypsilanti, Mich., provide children and young adult patients with items “to help decrease agitation.” Jennifer Dunn, director of emergency services for Trinity Health’s St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor, notes that those items include “an iPad with games and movies, board games, cards and fidget spinners that can help, depending on the child.” She adds, “We also remove things from the typical emergency department exam room that could cause an unintended injury for these patients and allows the child to pace if needed.” How long are young patients in the rooms? “That can vary, but often we get children out after they are stabilized during an overnight stay,” Boornazian says. “Sometimes it may be a week or 10 days as we wait to admit children with real challenges to a mental health facility, because the facilities available do not match the need.” Boornazian notes that families tell staff at Saint Mary’s they feel better knowing their child is being taken care of in a space sensitive to individuals on the autism spectrum who can’t always communicate their feelings.
viding. They decided to hire home health virtual reality headsets, giving them a total aides. Again, Shaw found that it was more of eight. effective to show rather than tell her mothBuddensiek said that in addition to haver’s caregivers about her mother’s physical ing its own staff attentive to the dementia challenges. patient’s experience, Saint Anne is “driving For example, by strategically placing for more of a dementia-friendly commublue tape over the eyepieces on a pair of nity” by offering the training to patients’ safety goggles, she was able to simulate her families and community members. mother’s left visual field The virtual reality Beadeficit. “Those kinds triz training module simuof things really quickly lates early, middle and translated for us into late stages of Alzheimer’s better care practices disease. During the virtual for my mom,” she said. reality lab, trainees experi“That’s like the earliest ence what it is like to have prototype of what we do short-term memory loss, at Embodied Labs.” and impairment of their Shaw, who went ability to process speech on to earn her masand language or to perform ter’s in biomedical simple tasks, such as cutting visualization from the a potato for Easter dinner. University of Illinois – Sue Wilber, director of housing at Saint As Beatriz goes through Chicago, founded Em- Anne of Winona, Minn., takes part in the later stages of Alzheimbodied Labs. The com- the Beatriz virtual reality training er’s, trainees experience pany’s approach to module created by Embodied Labs. her anxiety as day turns into virtual reality extends night. The module simubeyond building empathy among caregiv- lates auditory and visual hallucinations. It ers to teaching people about the patients’ also delves into caregiver burnout. conditions. Embodied Labs has an advisory board Research has shown that people learn through the Dementia Action Alliance that faster and retain more material through includes people with cognitive impairment. virtual reality-based training versus tradiThe company also has developed virtual tional methods, Shaw said. reality training modules that deal with mac“The majority of us learn by certainly ular degeneration and hearing loss, and more than just reading or listening,” Bud- end-of-life conversations. Producing one densiek said. The virtual reality technology of the immersive training modules involves is becoming more portable and affordable, interviews with about 100 subject matter so Buddensiek expects it to have growing experts, who range from neurologists to use for professional and family caregivers. medical researchers, Shaw said. Embodied Labs, a for-profit company, Beatriz lab at Benedictine has about 100 health care providers paying Buddensiek said the first Benedictine an annual fee to use its training modules, Health cohort to be trained with the Beatriz Shaw said. module included employees at Saint Anne in Winona and Madonna. The Saint Anne kleiser@chausa.org administration secured a grant to get more
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CATHOLIC HEALTH WORLD June 1, 2019
Family mental health The center’s annual budget is about $5 million. Its main source of funding is MediCal, California’s Medicaid program. Other funding comes from Providence St. Joseph Health’s Well-Being Trust, Providence Saint John’s community benefit division, private donors, the city of Santa Monica, Los Angeles County, the Atlas Family Foundation, the Carl and Roberta Deutsch Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and other grantors. Services include mental health assessments, individual therapy, group therapy, workshops on parenting and other topics like nutrition, and social services case management and advocacy for individual families. While the building on the hospital campus is the service hub, the Child and Family Development Center functions as a “clinic without walls,” with staff often providing services and outreach to preschools; elementary, middle and high schools; community centers; churches; and clients’ homes in western Los Angeles County. Sweeney says one of the therapeutic goals of the programs is to help children and their families adopt healthy ways to relate
Photos by David Crane/©CHA
From page 1
Denise Sweeney, a mental health rehabilitation specialist, leads yoga exercises at the Day Treatment Intensive Therapeutic Preschool at Providence Saint John's Health Center’s Child and Family Development Center.
to and emotionally support one another. “Seeing a child leave our program with the confidence and the ability to trust others to care for and help them is very rewarding,” she says. “It’s also fun watching the children grow into their very own unique selves.”
Matthew Ruderman, a clinical psychologist at the Child and Family Development Center, and preschool teacher Barbara Vick squat down to get on a student’s eye level at Washington West Preschool in Santa Monica, Calif.
Trauma history The center’s young clients, including the children in the therapeutic preschool, may exhibit anxiety, depression, attention and hyperactivity disorder, aggression or developmental delays. They may have impaired social interaction skills: they may not play well with other children, and may be verbally or physically aggressive toward them, for example. Lara Sando, the program coordinator for the center’s Early Childhood Assessment and Treatment
program, says in many cases the conditions relate to trauma. Most clients come from families where successive generations have experienced trauma, often linked to substance abuse, domestic violence, criminal behavior and parental negligence. Many clients are minorities who have suffered institutional racism, oppression and disenfranchisement, says Jordyn Levine, a social worker in the center’s Families and Schools Together program.
New direction To aid each client, including young children, adolescents and adults, the center staff begin with a comprehensive assessment of psychological, emotional and behavioral health, as well as socioeconomic need. Treatment plans developed in partnership with the client and family can include individual therapy, family therapy, group therapy, speech therapy, social work case management and educational sessions and workshops. When the client is a child or adolescent, center staff work with all members of the immediate family, aiming to get at the root of the dysfunction that is contributing to the child’s mental health issues, says Sando.
Evangeline Bishop, coordinator for the center’s Partnerships for Families Program, says the focus is on increasing the secure attachment between family members and helping parents or guardians to master parenting skills; and break from unhealthy patterns and responses they may have learned from their own parents. The parents in the program get lots of positive reinforcement for loving their children enough to make changes and for all the other things they do right. When clients attend schools in the community, center staff reach out to their teachers with support and information.
Outreach The grant-funded Early Childhood Assessment and Treatment program is one of the vehicles bringing the center’s mental health assessment and treatment services into the community. What began as a small pilot to extend preventive mental health services to select preschools has expanded to all the public preschool sites in the Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District. Staff visit each of the preschools, interacting with all of the children and giving special attention to those with pressing mental health needs, including those whose formal assessments have surfaced mental health conditions and those whose teachers or parents have flagged as needing extra care. Center staff give teachers tips for modifying problematic behaviors and making inroads with individual children. They arrange meetings with parents to provide advice, so the child gets consistent behavioral cues and refinforcement from teachers and parents. On this April morning in Santa Monica, center consultant Matthew Ruderman talks with Washington West Preschool teacher Barbara Vick about a student who’s been acting out. Ruderman tells Vick that he’s had
Southern California center provides mental health care for vulnerable families her mother worked low-wage jobs in the food service industry, often bringing home food discarded by the customers to feed her children, according to information from Refuerzo and the center. As Refuerzo recalls, her mother would scrape discards off people’s plates and put it in large cans. She’d ask permission to take the food home “for the dogs,” but really, it was for her children. In 1969, Refuerzo was recruited to the University of California through a program to better the lot of migrant farm families. Drawn to the social work profession’s focus on social justice, Refuerzo earned an undergraduate degree in sociology and child development and went on to earn a master’s in social welfare from the University of California at Berkeley. She worked in multiple social work and faculty positions before joining the center’s staff in 1994. Under her leadership, the center’s budget grew six-fold and Refuerzo expanded its focus well beyond its original charter for treating children with developmental disabilities. Today, the center’s staff of about 100 includes nearly two dozen licensed clinical social workers and licensed marriage and Sophia Flores, left, and Anayelly Cruz talk with Gail Gutierrez at the family therapists, Neighborhood Youth Association in Venice, Calif. Gutierrez coordi12 psychologists, three nates the Child and Family Development Center’s Family and Schools psychiatrists, as well as Together outreach program. She builds informal relationships with mental health rehateachers, students and parents to break through the stigma and bilitation specialists and distrust that keep people from accessing mental health services. educational, occupational
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better to offer services in clients’ native language when possible rather than using translation services, which may lose some of the authenticity of direct conversation. Clients are referred to the center through area clinics and schools, churches and community organizations that work with families in need; the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Victor Cano, left, and Dwayne Davison, center, chat with Child Health and other state and Family Development Center psychologist Ashley Silvera after and city agencies. a mindfulness training sesson at Olympic High School in Santa Noa Saadi is program Monica. coordinator of the center’s Child and Youth Development Projand speech therapists. All work as part ect. She and her colleagues go to Santa of multidisciplinary teams to help the Monica public schools to deliver center more than 1,000 families who access the services, such as individual therapy, group center’s services each year. therapy, case management and parenting Lisa Margolis, clinical program manworkshops. ager of early childhood mental health Center staff get to know teachers, services for the center, says the clinicians counselors, students and parents by have “many additional hours of trainings and certifications that you may or may not name. Saadi says this informal relationship building is critical to open the door to find in the private practice world,” such community members who might otheras training in Child Parent Psychotherapy, wise distrust mental health providers or which is trauma treatment. Ruth Cañas, who will succeed Refuerzo fear the stigma of seeking mental health services. as executive director, says the center has She says, “We love being in the a diverse staff, most of whom speak English and Spanish, a common first language schools, as they are an ideal place to provide mental health services to youth. among clients. Other languages also are spoken by staff. Cañas says the center has Schools are the natural environment for students.” held positions open waiting for bilingual — JULIE MINDA applicants, based on the belief that it is Photos by David Crane/©CHA
SANTA MONICA, Calif. — he Child and Family Development Center set out to make quality mental health care accessible regardless of insurance status or ability to pay. Center staff credit Rebecca Ritarita Refuerzo, who is retiring this month after 25 years as the center’s executive director, with building a program that provides comprehensive, high-quality, evidence-based behavioral health care to all comers, with particular Refuerzo focus on the economically vulnerable. This includes children and families who do not have legal immigration status. Born in 1949 in California’s San Joaquin Valley, Refuerzo grew up in a migrant farmworker family. After her father died,
June 1, 2019 CATHOLIC HEALTH WORLD
nounced behavioral concerns to learn and thrive in school.
Success Staff say the Child and Family Development Center has helped thousands of families around west Los Angeles County to break harmful relational patterns, manage serious mental health concerns, get treatment to overcome harmful addictions,
David Crane/©CHA
conversations with the parents about how to maintain consistency between school and home, including by being explicit about expectations. He says his conversations with the student, parents and school staff suggest to him that the child’s behaviors are a front for anxiety and fear, and the child needs safety through structure. Vick says Ruderman’s insights are invaluable to her efforts to prepare kids with pro-
Denise Sweeney rewards Thomas Pacheco’s participation in a regular therapeutic preschool exercise where children learn to identify their emotions.
recover from disabling trauma and gain control of their circumstances. One of those helped by the center is an eighth-grade student at a west Los Angeles County middle school. (Her mother asked that the girl’s name not be used in this article.) The student came to the center in 2017 — her mother had heard of it through word of mouth. The girl was extremely anxious and depressed. In counseling sessions with clinical therapist Grace Rougier, it came out that the girl’s life had been unexpectedly uprooted after a family member was arrested. The girl’s mother feared there would be retaliation against her family and she packed up her household and moved the family overnight. The girl left her friends and her sense of stability behind. The family never talked about the crime, the uprooting or the emotional fallout and the girl did not have the emotional maturity to process the events and consequences on her own. Rougier used behavioral therapy to help the girl explore and come to terms with her feelings. She taught her coping and relaxation techniques including mindfulness and the soothing power of taking a stroll with a trusted companion. Rougier helped her client learn how to talk to her mother and other family mem-
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bers about the reasons for her anxiety and sadness. The girl says in Rougier she found “someone I could trust. Now I’m expressing my feelings.” jminda@chausa.org
Programs of the Child and Family Development Center
Crisis intervention Family therapy Child and Youth Development Project, a school-based model
Families and Schools Together, a school-based program
Mental health and psychosocial
program for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities Multidisciplinary assessments Therapeutic preschool for children aged 2½ through 5 Early Childhood Assessment and Treatment program for infants to children aged 5 Perinatal Wellness Program for pregnant women with mental health conditions Partnerships for Families Program, home-based mental health services for families Helen Reid Parenting Program, support groups provided at five transitional housing sites
By JULIE MINDA
SANTA MONICA, Calif. — Patricia Pacheco and her husband had experienced rough patches raising their three eldest children, but she says they were unprepared for the mental health and behavioral challenges that have been arising with their two youngest children, 4-year-old Jacob and 2-yearold Thomas. Pacheco, of west Los Angeles County, says because of developmental delays, Jacob has had severe speech impairments. He communicated his needs, wants and feelings by screaming. He found it difficult to play with other children. Lacking selfcontrol, he frequently banged his head against the wall in anger and frustration. Pacheco and her husband struggled to find the right ways to address the behavior. Unable to change their son’s behavior, they mostly stayed home rather than risk public outbursts, says Pacheco. Hope came in 2017 when a child development organization recommended the family enroll Jacob in the Day Treatment Intensive Therapeutic Preschool at the Providence Saint John’s Child and Family Development Center in Santa Monica. Jacob started at the school in July 2017. Pacheco enrolled her youngest child Thomas this year because he was beginning to exhibit aggressive and defiant behaviors. The preschool, which operates from 8 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. weekdays, provides early intervention for children with neurological, behavioral, emotional and/or psychological conditions. Children can be referred to the preschool after exhibiting troubling symptoms, such as frequent and intense tantrums, excessive defiance, depression, anxiety, withdrawal, trouble
sitting still or inability to focus on an activity. The behaviors may be symptomatic of developmental disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, prenatal substance exposure, or child abuse and neglect.
Photos by David Crane/©CHA
At therapeutic preschool, emotionally challenged youngsters flourish matized may have trouble separating from the adults who are with them. Staff help the children to recognize and process their emotions, and model coping techniques, to establish healthier patterns. Mental health rehabilitation specialist Rosalie Evans says the ultimate goal is to help children transition to a typical preschool or kindergarten.
Purposeful play The therapeutic preschool only has 20 spots. They are reserved for children ages 2½ through 5 with a high level of Kabretta Wright engages with a student in the Day Treatment Intensive needs. (There is a wait list.) Therapeutic Preschool at the Child and Family Development Center. Wright Group effort The Child and Family Devel- is the program coordinator of the preschool, which provides intensive Allison Mininsky, a licensed opment Center started the thera- intervention to prepare students with serious behavioral issues to succeed clinical social worker and therapeutic preschool in 1992. The in mainstream elementary schools. pist, conducts sessions with parpreschool has two classrooms: ents to talk through parenting one for the youngest children, the other for They teach the children how to self soothe challenges and provides advice.She modchildren who are more developmentally and maintain control when they have els effective strategies and helps to solve advanced. Each class can accept up to 10 intense feelings. The entire day, and every problems. children. Two mental health rehabilitation interaction, is structured around therapeuThe therapeutic preschool rooms have specialists staff each room. Members of a tic goals, says Wright. one-way viewing windows so parents can multidisciplinary team of specialists supThose goals differ by child; treatment watch as staff use behavior modification port them by circulating in and out of the plans are based on thorough assessments and other therapeutic interventions with classrooms throughout the day depending of the child’s diagnosis and developmen- the children. on the needs of individual children. tal stage. They are devised in partnership Mininsky and other staff may use play Team members include licensed clini- with parents or guardians, who are taught to therapy techniques to establish a safe envical psychologists, speech therapists, early incorporate the relational and attachment ronment for parents and children to proeducation specialists, occupational thera- techniques they learn at the center, back cess their feelings together and make sense pists, a child psychiatrist, licensed clini- home. Preschoolers with developmental of their past, while strengthening the parcal social workers and psychology interns. delays also receive occupational therapy, ent-child relationship. The professionals are specialized in early which can help improve organizational Parents often participate in individual, childhood intervention and well versed in skills, fine motor development, gross motor group and family therapy and parent supthe mental health needs of children, birth development, communication, play and port groups. Therapists can conduct counthrough age 5, says Kabretta Wright, a clini- sensory processing skills. seling or observation sessions in clients’ cal psychologist who is program coordinahomes to get a feel for the family dynamtor of the therapeutic preschool. Building trust ics. The various interventions help parents The children play with toys and play“Our first goal is to establish a secure work through their own history, so they can ground equipment; they have snack time; attachment with the children,” says Denise respond in a new way to their children. they have art time; and they talk about col- Sweeney, mental health rehabilitation speMininsky says, “We look at the parents’ ors, shapes, letters and numbers. They do cialist. “We do this by meeting them where own attachment history, we analyze their yoga exercises. Wright they are — letting them know that whatever attachments, because when they undersays the curriculum they are feeling is alright by validating and stand their own attachment history and how focuses on building social reflecting feelings and actions to them.” that plays out in their own parenting deciand communication When a child is accepted into the thera- sions, that can be eye-opening for them.” skills, sensory processing peutic preschool, the staff conducts an Pacheco says this type of intense work and self-control (affect extensive intake interview with parents or with staff and Jacob and now Thomas has regulation, in the field’s guardians. They answer questions about been life-changing. She says Jacob is less vernacular). their history in relationships and how it anxious and has learned to express himself During every activ- impacts family dynamics now. Past or cur- more calmly. Speech therapy has taught ity, the staff gets kids to rent upheaval in the adult family members’ him to form words more clearly and he is talk about their feelings, lives, such as violence, substance abuse and more easily understood. His aggression in order to explore how loss of a loved one could have led to dys- has decreased as his communication has to process those feelings. function that can span generations. increased, she says. They build social skills Sweeney says because of their own “When people ask me about his school, by guiding the children trauma histories, many of the children I say, ‘He has people who are prepared for Agatha Morello, a doctoral psychology intern at the Child and Family in how to relate to one struggle with forming secure attachments the challenge, and they do this with love Development Center, checks out a plastic pizza served to her by Leslie another and recognize and trusting adults to take care of them. and patience.’” Santiago, during playtime at the center’s playground. the feelings of others. Alternately, children who have been trau- jminda@chausa.org
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CATHOLIC HEALTH WORLD June 1, 2019
Coaching communication From page 1
The coaching program has drawn national attention. In part because of the program, the American Medical Group Association awarded CHRISTUS Trinity Clinic its 2018 Acclaim Award, which recognizes medical groups and systems “that are bringing the American health care system closer to the ideal delivery model.” Last fall, Ernie Sadau, president and chief executive of CHRISTUS Health, told Modern Healthcare that the coaching program is an example of the system’s patientcentered approach to care. “It’s part of ensuring we are relating to the patient and their family about their care and that we understand what outcomes they want and what they are expecting from us,” he said. Dr. Kenneth Kummerfeld, a cardiologist at CHRISTUS Trinity Clinic, spends one-third of his time administering the program, working with Kummerfeld 10 coaches chosen from different medical specialties, “all people who think this is important work,” he said. CHRISTUS employs about 700 doctors and advance practice clinicians in eight hospitals and clinics in Northeast Texas, and to date about 100 have taken part in the program. The coaching program has several facets. First, department chiefs attend a general meeting to hear expectations for performance against quality metrics and learn about coaches who can serve as resources and help identify providers interested in the program. Three coaching options are avail-
Volunteer ministry From page 1
through the congregation’s Bon Secours Volunteer Ministry program. The lay formation program, which is open to recent college graduates, has been in continuous operation in West Baltimore for two decades. The congregation expanded it to Richmond in 2018. In Baltimore, as in Richmond, five participants are welcomed in August each year. The volunteers receive a monthly stipend of $325, housing and health insurance. “It’s a nice next step for someone who has been paying attention to their faith and listening to a call of service,” Shannon Curran, director of Bon Secours Volunteer Ministry, said of the program. In each community, participants share a house, groceries, a community car and their innermost thoughts about spirituality. They pray together daily, go on religious retreats as a group and commit to the volunteer ministry’s five pillars: grow spiritually, learn through service with others, develop community, live simply and practice God’s justice. They live in the economically challenged neighborhoods where they work in the sisters’ ministries of health care, social service and education. “I jokingly describe the ministry as compassion boot camp,” Curran said. “It prepares them well for life in general, but those headed into health care get a strong foundation in mission and the sisters’ charism of compassion, healing, and liberation.”
Ministry origins Sr. Nancy Glynn, CBS, started the volunteer ministry program in West Baltimore in 1999 and worked closely with volunteers until 2014 when she was asked to lead the Sisters of Bon Secours in France. Olivia Steback, program manager of the volunteer ministry, said to this day, sisters visit regularly with the volunteers to participate in prayers or share meals. The congregation opened its first U.S. hospital in West Baltimore a century ago. The sisters and their health system became
Tips for improving doctor-patient communications T
he coaching program used by CHRISTUS Trinity Clinic at CHRISTUS Health facilities in Northeast Texas is based on the work of Richard M. Frankel and Dr. Terry Stein, described in an article published in The Permanente Journal two decades ago. Their research examines the effect of clinical communication on patient safety and patient outcomes. Strategies they cover in the 1999 article to improve providers’ communications skills include: Do not take your phone or tablet into the exam room. Make eye contact and introduce yourself to the patient when you enter the room. Introduce yourself to any family members or friends accompanying the patient.
able, Kummerfeld said. “Some providers observe coaches interacting with patients, some coaches observe providers — reverse shadowing — and some coaches go on rounds to speak directly with patients about their experiences then report back to the providers.” What does Kummerfeld like about the coaching program? “Good communication makes a difference,” he said. “It doesn’t matter how smart you are or how good a teacher — if you don’t connect, patients don’t have an incentive to cooperate with you. You have to care about them, and show that, and then they jump on board.” Kummerfeld finds the work satisfying. “I’ve been in cardiology here since 1984, and I’d come to a point in my career where
Before logging in to look at the electronic health record, speak with the patient at eye level about his or her current health concerns. Allow the patient to speak uninterrupted as long as needed. When the patient finishes speaking, ask if he or she minds if you log in and type up what that patient has told you. After the exam, confirm any next steps the patient needs to take. Explain necessary tests and share how long it takes to get results. Before the visit ends, ask what questions you might answer for the patient. “These strategies are good rules for interacting with everybody,” said Dr. Scott Smith, who introduced the coaching program to the CHRISTUS Trinity Clinic group practice where he is a senior executive. there wasn’t a lot new for me to do in cardiology, working with one patient at a time. But I knew I could take my experience in patient care and use it to show other providers how to communicate well with their patients,” he said. “This magnification, this culture that we’re producing together from top to bottom, is what I will leave here after I’m done. It’s my legacy.” Smith and Kummerfeld both recalled that the coaching program got off to a rocky start, and they were eager to share the missteps, so others may avoid them. Originally, only the providers rated in the bottom quartile on communication skills were invited to take part. That made some practitioners feel picked on, Smith recalled. “We apologized, and we regrouped, and then we offered the coach-
anchors there, investing in social services whether this ministry or another service and community stabilization on an ongo- opportunity is the best match. Following ing basis. Last summer, the Bon Secours acceptance, volunteers are placed in a yearHealth System merged with Mercy Health long position that matches their interests to create Bon Secours Mercy Health. The with the needs of the system’s health care system is selling the Baltimore hospital and social service ministries. and plans to use sale Fiona Shorrock, for proceeds to expand its “It prepares them well for example, graduated outreach ministries in from Loyola Marylife in general, but those mount University in Baltimore. Likewise, in east Richmond, an headed into health care May 2018 with a degree area known as the East in health and human get a strong foundation sciences. After her year End, the congregation and its health system as a Bon Secours volhave a deep commit- in mission and the sisters’ unteer in Richmond, ment to bettering the charism of compassion, she plans to become health and well-being certified as a physician healing, and liberation.” assistant and earn an of the community. Curran said the voladvanced degree in unteer ministry took public health. — Shannon Curran many years to prepare She is assigned to for its expansion into Richmond because the Bon Secours Care-A-Van mobile health it wanted to do so “in an intentional and clinic. It travels to churches where staff prothoughtful way,” that would make the ser- vide health screenings, vaccinations and vice experience a transformative one for free primary health care for the uninsured. participants. “We built up staffing and Shorrock helps patients complete intake recruitment to expand breadth and depth,” forms and she keeps children entertained she said. while they wait for their appointments. She holds their hands during vaccinations and Commitment to service gives them stickers for being brave. She Volunteers must be unmarried, recent explains the procedures to parents and tells college graduates between 21 and 30. Many them how to follow up or otherwise comply participants are graduates of Catholic uni- with the caregivers’ recommendations. versities. There is no requirement they be Shorrock said she felt an immediate practicing Catholics. After their year of connection to the program in her initial service, many volunteers go on to medi- interview. “The ministry felt personal, that cal school or nursing school or pursue an everyone there cares about the mission advanced degree in public health. Some and the charism.” Through the subsequent earn degrees in social work or education. interviews, she said, “I appreciated how All are committed to find work that has involved the staff was in getting to know me, meaning and offers fulfillment beyond a my passions and what I was hoping to get steady paycheck. They want to be of service. out of it.” The recruiting process spans almost a Each volunteer is matched with a superyear. After candidates express interest, a visor at his or her placement site. Additionmember of the Bon Secours Volunteer Min- ally, a site leader, who does not live with istry staff conducts a preliminary phone the volunteers, serves as a mentor and interview. About 30 to 40 prospects each facilitates reflection and community life. year complete a written application, which Dethlefs called the Richmond site leader, includes an essay, biography, resumé, ref- Steve DeLaney, “an awesome role model erences from a mentor and a peer they have and friend who has helped me grow in the lived with and a professional reference, as program. I hadn’t expected such a close well as a transcript. Candidates go through relationship with a staff member. We meet two additional interviews to discern a couple times each week, and he guides us
“They work in any language and across all cultures.” He added that providers benefit as much as patients do from better communication, and the rapport may even help reduce burnout. “We are firm in our belief that when a provider has a positive experience with a patient, it makes a provider’s very busy day go better,” Smith said. “Hearing a ‘thank you for listening well and understanding’ from a patient gives me so much energy that I’m eager to do it again with the next patient. “There’s a science to this coaching program — and we hope everyone starts their own.” — PATRICIA CORRIGAN
ing to everyone, regardless of their scores.” There still was some push-back. “Comments included, ‘Are you kidding? Do you know where I trained?’ — as though that’s supposed to make a difference,” Smith said, laughing. “Others said they would leave here before taking part in such a program. But then some of them did take part, and when they finished, they said, ‘Everybody should do this,’” Smith said. “Today, our coaching program is growing, and it’s good word of mouth that’s spreading it. We’re in a good groove now.” He added, “After all, I do believe we are here to improve health care in the healing ministry of Jesus Christ. That is our mission.”
through work and community life issues.”
Living in community The volunteers draw close to each other, living “in a community, as a community,” Curran said, sharing rooms and household chores, living a few blocks from the facilities in which they serve. “Living in community is always the biggest surprise,” she said. “We talk in depth with them. They think that because they had roommates in college, they can handle it. They find it’s quite different. They share food, money and a vehicle. They’re expected to talk about things that are hard about living with each other. They’re used to avoiding conflict, and we instead encourage them to communicate directly and lovingly with each other.” The honesty pays rewards. Invoking the English translation of Bon Secours, Shorrock said, “We’re here to be ‘good help’ to the patients and to each other at home. There are frustrations that we are encouraged to face in a loving and direct manner. We’re asked to go beyond being roommates and love each other through our faults.” Affirmation Dethlefs and Shorrock spoke to Catholic Health World when they were more than halfway through their volunteer year. Both said they already have gotten more from their service than they expected. “I don’t know if it’s changed my plans, but it’s informed my plans,” Dethlefs said. “It’s been a rich time to practice the relational aspects of care that aren’t always emphasized in medical school. It’s helped me develop a more mature approach to my time in med school.” Shorrock added: “This has intensified my desire to connect to public health issues and the role providers can play. I enjoy getting to know and hear the stories of the patients and clients. It’s only made me more excited for my future.” Gina Fleck, recruiter for the volunteer ministry, referenced the writing of Fr. Greg Boyle, SJ, saying, “Volunteers are always surprised how much they live out the Gospel of erasing the margins by going to the margins.”
June 1, 2019 CATHOLIC HEALTH WORLD
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KEEPING UP PRESIDENT/CEO
Kristi Olson to chief executive of St. Thomas More Hospital in Canon City, Colo., from interim chief executive.
ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES John L. Halstead to chief Catholic
Drayton
CHA Vice President, Sponsorship & Mission Services Reporting directly to CHA’s president and chief executive officer, the vice president will be responsible for providing leadership and oversight to the mission services department through coordination of mission integration, leadership formation, theology and ethics, ministry formation and sponsorship, in order to promote a vision and understanding of Catholic health ministry as an essential ministry of the Catholic Church while being attentive to the department’s role in CHA. Duties include serving as a spokesperson for CHA on sponsorship and mission issues, in conjunction with the president/ chief executive officer, and maintaining effective relationships with CHA members and national organizations. In addition, this executive serves as a member of the association’s core leadership group and senior management. Travel is required. The Catholic health ministry is the largest group of nonprofit health care providers in the nation. It is comprised of more than 600 hospitals and 1,600 long-term care and other health facilities. To ensure vital sponsorship and a vibrant future for the Catholic health ministry, CHA advocates with Congress, the administration, federal agencies, and influential policy organizations to ensure that the nation’s health systems provide quality and affordable care across the continuum of health care delivery. Minimum qualifications: 12 years’ experience in a Roman Catholic ministry Member of the Roman Catholic Church Broad knowledge of sponsorship and Catholic moral and social traditions Working knowledge of health care and health system management Master’s or Ph.D. in Roman Catholic theology (or equivalent work experience) Interested parties should direct resumes to:
Chippewa Falls, Wis. Jodi Barnard to president of the Franciscan Foundation and vice president of philanthropy at CHI Franciscan of Tacoma, Wash. Stephen Costello to major gifts officer of the St. Mary’s Health System Foundation of Lewiston, Maine.
Pathways for training BIOETHICS LEADERS MA and DOCTORATE in Bioethics
Healthcare institutions need professionals who can analyze ethics cases and policies, facilitate ethical decision-making and effectively teach colleagues and students. To meet these needs we offer online doctorate and master of arts degrees and graduate certificate programs in bioethics and healthcare leadership. Our innovative online environment supports practical education providing valuable engagement and networking among peers and experts in the fields of bioethics and healthcare leadership.
Continue your path in Catholic healthcare. Apply today.
Cara Brouder, Senior Director, Human Resources Catholic Health Association 4455 Woodson Rd. St. Louis, MO 63134 Phone: 314-427-2500 For consideration, please email your resume to HR@chausa.org
COMMUNITY HEALTH MISSION HOPE FAITH CELEBRATION MINISTRY LOVE CARE COMPASSION CHANGE HEALING SPIRIT CELEBRATION CHANGE HOPE FAITH CELEBRATION MINISTRY LOVE COMMUNITY HEALTH / JUNE 9 – 11HEALTH COMMUNITY HEALTH MISCHANGE HEALING SPIRIT TRANSFORMATION CAREDALLAS COMPASSION SION HOPE FAITH CELEBRATION MINISTRY LOVE HOPE FAITH CELEBRATION MINISTRY LOVE COMMUNITY HEALTH MISSION CHANGE HEALING SPIRIT TRANSFORMATION CARE COMPASSION HEALTH FAITH
Olson
mission integration officer of AMITA Health of Lisle, Ill. AMITA Health is a joint operating company formed by St. Louis-based Ascension and AdventHealth in Altamonte Springs, Fla. Jennifer Drayton to chief nursing officer of HSHS Sacred Heart Hospital of Eau Claire, Wis., and HSHS St. Joseph’s Hospital of
DALLAS / JUNE 9 – 11
LUC.edu/catholichealthcare Loyola University Chicago is a proud member of the Catholic Health Association
THE HEART OF ...
2019 CATHOLIC HEALTH ASSEMBLY
Assembly 2019 is made possible in part by generous support from:
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Contact Paula Bommarito at CHAFriends@chausa.org for information about underwriting.
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CATHOLIC HEALTH WORLD June 1, 2019