Unit 11 role of public assignment- onlineassignmenthelp.com.au

Unit 11 Role of Public Health in Health and Social Care

Unit Description This is solution of Role of Public health in health and social care Assignment, given in St. Patrick college. In this assignment role of public health has been described with the reference of increasing number of patients for breast cancer in UK

Task 1 1.1 What are roles played by WHO, Department of Health (DH) and Local Authorities in identifying levels of health and diseases in the population?

Roles played by World Health Organization – 

WHO is a specialized agency of United Nations (UN)



It is majorly concerned with international public health



WHO has played a major role in eradication of many diseases worldwide with its programs such as, Smallpox



The present main focus of the agency lies in dealing with the communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis



It is also active in management of non-communicable diseases like heart ailments, diabetes and cancer



It is also very active in managing, sexual and reproductive health, development and aging, nutrition, food security, healthy eating, occupational health and substance abuse, among world populations



It is also responsible for international health surveys and publishing World Health Reports



WHO’s role in defining public health policies have been based on –



Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed



Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge



Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation



Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options



Providing technical support, catalysing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity



Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends (WHO, 1959)

Roles played by Department of Health (DH) – 

Department of Health is the department of Government of UK



It is primarily responsible for various policies related with health and adult social care services in England



It is also responsible for the National Health Services of England



NHS England can be considered as an organization which oversees and acts as an Overseer of the implementation of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 of England



It plays a multi-facet role through budgeting, planning, delivery and day to day operation of the NHS in England



It is directly observed by the NHS commissioning board and was setup as special health authority of the NHS in 2011 in England



The sole purpose of the NHS England is to implement the National Health Scheme in England



It does it through implementing and overseeing the implementation of the clauses and lines of Health and Social Care Act 2012 of the English government



The primary responsibility and vision is to have a proper Health and Social Care setup in England as per the guidelines setup by the 2012 act (England, 2013)



The department of health (DH) is responsible for overseeing the work of ten strategic health authorities and local trusts and bodies under the aegis on NHS in England



The working of various NHS trusts run by NHS and its ten SHAs, like NHS Hospital Trust, NHS Ambulance Services Trust, NHS Care Trust, NHS Mental Health Services Trust and NHS Primary Care Trust comes under the aegis of DH.

Roles of Local Authorities – 

Local Authorities in England work under the aegis of NHS in direct supervision of various SHAs of NHS which are ten in number based on geographical divides/boundaries all across the England



Local Governments and Councils are responsible to implement the health and social care policies in their areas under the NHS SHA of that geography and is directly monitored by DH



The transition of implementation and monitoring is done to various local agencies



Local Government Association is an organization which collectively works for better public health transformation in the grass-root levels in England



LGA’s major role and responsibilities are –



Provide support to local authorities and health and wellbeing boards on embedding and utilizing the local health reforms, engendering future innovative practice



Develop the Health and Wellbeing System Improvement Program, grant funded by the Department of Health, in partnership with NHS England, Public Health England, Healthwatch England, and the NHS Confederation.



Support Peer Challenge as a cornerstone of the system improvement program, applying the sector led improvement approach



Bring together national and local stakeholders to develop a program of exploratory and forward thinking health and wellbeing challenges (England, 2012)

1.2 Explain, using statistical data, the epidemiology of HIV and breast cancer in the UK. Major findings of epidemiology of HIV in UK – 

Approximately 98,400 people were living with HIV in UK, as per 2012



22% of these people were unaware of their infection status



There are approximately 7000 new cases detected in UK every year since, 2011, hence at the end of 2014, it is concerned that there will be almost, 1, 10,000 persons with HIV infections (Sullivan, 2005)



The status of AIDS patients in UK is almost one-third of the number of people suffering with HIV, i.e. almost 30,000 at the end of 2012 (HPA, 2013)



There has been almost similar number of deaths within people suffering from HIV/AIDS in the year 2012 in UK, though not necessarily due to causes of HIV/AIDS



There has been a constant rise in epidemic in the number of new cases detected every year in UK, up-till late 2000s, with a considerable decline after that, but maintaining the overall number of HIV infections at all-time highs after that



Apart from various categories of HIV infected groups of patients, UK authorities have devised three new groups to identify new HIV infection detections, they are men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users and people who receive blood products



Though the epidemic management efforts of UK government and authorities have bear results in terms of decline in number of patients suffering with AIDS over the years (Hamill, 2007)



A combined and multi-pronged approach with Combination Antiretroviral Treatment (CAT) and advanced genetic engineering has proved to be beneficial



Among various transmission routes of the infection heterosexual sex was on rise up-till late 2000s, but since after that it has declined and making MSMs as the chief responsible agent of viral transfer (PHE, 2013)



Some of the statistics and findings –

Major findings of epidemiology of Breast Cancer in UK – 

Breast cancer has been the most common type of cancer in the UK since 1997



It is almost at the levels of 31% of all the

new cases of cancers detected in females in the UK 

There were almost 50,000 new cases of breast cancers in UK in the year 2010



The frequency of occurring of breast cancer is almost 157 new cases per 100,000 females in UK



The general status of new occurrences of cancer cases is being associated with old aged females



Approximately 80% new cases detected in females were for the age group of 50 and above, whereas, almost half of the incidents occurred in the age bracket of 50 – 69 (Key, 2001)



The incident occurrences is lower in lower income groups in UK



The lifetime expectancy risk for breast cancer in females in UK is 1 out of 8



As per the four stages of cancer, generally the new found breast cancers are detected in their early stages of Stage I to II with almost 90% cases being in those two zones and hence early detection leads to better prognosis (McPherson, 2000)



Breast cancer also affects men, but it is rare – around 350 men are diagnosed each year



Around 55,000 people are diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the UK. That’s one person every 10 minutes



Just under 12,000 people die from breast cancer in the UK every year



Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK (around a third of all new cancers diagnosed in women in the UK are breast cancer)



There are an estimated 550,000 people living in the UK today who have had a diagnosis of breast cancer (Brinton, 2014)



Some of the statistics and findings –

1.3 How effective are different approaches and strategies adopted

by NHS to control HIV and breast cancer in the UK. Approaches and strategies adopted by NHS to control HIV and Breast Cancer in the UK – 

NHS setup under the aegis of Department of Health has various programs and schemes going on for the prevention of both HIV and Breast Cancer incidences in UK



NHS for Breast Cancer –



Setup Cancer Screening Program under the aegis of Public Health England (PHE)



Supporting various local governments and agencies on Research & Development (R&D) and Clinical Researches on breast cancer, govt run a research project for this.



A full-fledged website and information registry under Cancer Screening Program (CSP)



NHS CSP includes three cancer screening programs o NHS Breast Screening Program o NHS Cervical Screening Program o NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Program



Supporting various Breast Cancer related studies under NHS BSP, like – o Absolute numbers of lives saved and over-diagnosis in breast cancer screening (Gunsoy, 2014) o Age at which women are screened for breast cancer

o Second All Breast Cancer Report 2007 o Age Trial o Non-Invasive Breast Cancer Report o Million Women Study 

In England, the breast screening program is now estimated to cost around £96 million a year (ACBCS, 2006)



Supporting various Charities, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), Research Facilities etc. like Breast Cancer Care and Against Breast Cancer



NHS for HIV –



Setup HIV Screening Program under the aegis of Health Protection Agency (HPA), which comes under PHE



Supporting various local governments and agencies on Research & Development (R&D) and Clinical Researches on HIV



A full-fledged website and information registry under HPA



Supporting various Charities, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), Research Facilities etc. like AIDS Alliance, Avert and Positively UK etc. (Rayment, 2014).



Order Now.