Fashion History Final Research Paper by Chelsea Mack

Chelsea Mack Fashion History II – Final

Cover Letter Dear Sir or Madam, My name is Chelsea Mack and I am applying to become a full-time fashion merchandiser for your company. I have many attributes that I know will make me a valuable member of your team. I am smart, talented, hard working, can multi-task, and I perform extremely well under pressure. I have a lot of experience in fashion merchandising. I graduated from the Art Institute of Seattle with my bachelor’s degree in Fashion Marketing. Since then, I have worked as fashion buyer for TJ Maxx, but am ready to move on to a higher profile company, such as yours. I have attached my portfolio to this letter to showcase my talents as a merchandiser. The first report is the initial draft version of a merchandizing plan for a modern-day Baroque inspired clothing line. The second report I have included is the final version of the report, which is extremely detailed. I have included several outfits that I think will be very popular among consumers, as well as their accessories and their Baroque inspiration. Also included in the report is the artwork, floor plan, and furniture that should be included in the display. The third report that I have included in my portfolio is the event details I organized for Queen Victoria’s New Years Eve party from last year. This was an incredible opportunity for me, as I was dressed the Queen, her husband and her neice; as well as decorated and planned the entire event! By the way, Queen Victoria was very impressed and had a great time! The fourth report that I have included in my portfolio is the set display and costume choices I was in charge of for a play that was set in the early 21st century. The play was a hit and everyone loved their costumes and the set I put together! The final report I have included in my portfolio is the article I wrote about Christian Dior’s New Look of the late 1940s and 1950s. This article was printed in several fashion magazines, including Vogue. As you can see, I have a diverse background and am very good at what I do. If hired, I will bring all of these skills as well as much more to your team! Thank you for your time in this matter! Very Respectfully, Chelsea Mack Page 2 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

Visual Merchandizing Historical content and background information for my display The Baroque period was a time in Europe that lasted between 1600 and 1750. It was a time of opulence, luxury and grandeur for the wealthy middle and upper classes. Baroque fashion reflected this theme. Expensive fabrics, elaborate jewelry, bright colors, and flowing lines narrate the story of the Baroque period throughout the 17th Century. The fashion during the Baroque period went through several changes during the 17th Century. However, several elements remained consistent; the fabrics used in women’s fashion, for instance, did not change. Silk, velvet, cotton, lace, and fur continued to be the favorite textiles of the Baroque period. Bright colors and pastels were preferred. Corsets continued to be present throughout the Baroque period, however, from 1680-1700, they became more elaborate, with frills, lace, and jeweled embellishments in the front. Layered skirts also remained fashionable during the Baroque period, although, after 1660 they started to make them out of heavier satin fabrics, expanding their silhouette. Ruffles were seen throughout the Baroque period, as well as the cuts and opening of women’s skirts. Skirts were both closed and rounded all the way around the body, or they opened in the front and wrapped around to the back of the body. After 1680, the skirts began to develop long and draped trains, while remaining shorter and open in the front. High necklines with elaborate ruffles were also very popular. While there were many common themes throughout the Baroque period, several elements changed all together. Sleeves saw transformations for women’s fashion. Up until 1660, they were long, full, puffed, and some even had multiple puffs cascading down the arm. Those sleeves were called virago sleeves. Fur muffs and fur lined capes Page 3 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

were present during this time period. Low necklines predominated and were often shaped in a V, were round, square or horizontal. For the next two decades, the sleeves and necklines changed. Oval necklines were popular and the sleeves started low on the shoulder and were puffed to the elbow. After 1680, square necklines were popular, as were V waists. Merchandizing plan For my merchandizing plan, I intend to capture the feeling of the Baroque period by selecting garments that are both wearable but capture the opulence of the time. Silk, satin, velvet, cotton and lace would be my main choice of fabrics. I would pick pieces with both high and plummeting necklines. I would specifically look for necklines that crept up the neck, or were cut very low. I would be looking for beautiful corsets, white blouses with billowing sleeves, jacquard jackets, velvet and lace leggings, booties with pointed toes and high heels, long and short skirts that were structured to look like there could be padding underneath, skirts that opened in the front and had a train in the back, lace underskirts, military inspired jackets with ornate buttons and strong shoulders, jeweled encrusted tops and pants. I would pick a very bright color pallet for my clothing, also. For accessories, I would look for powdered wigs; jeweled embellished necklaces, earrings, and rings; scarves, anything with ruffles and lace, and ribbons to attach to hairstyles and shoes. My three outfits Outfit Number One 1660-1680

Suarez, By Dylana. "Trend: Baroque Style | The Fashion Spot." Fashion Trends, Styles, Celebrity Fashion, and Beauty | The Fashion Spot. Thefashionspot.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.thefashionspot.com/style-trends/news/106942-trend-baroque-style>.

I think this picture absolutely reflects what I see in my head: fabulous leggings, a velvet shirt that hangs loosely over the leggings and a beautiful jacquard jacket that has strong shoulders and magnificent details. The fabrics would have to be strongly patterned and would have to look expensive. They would have Baroque inspired details to include lace trim, metallic threading, ornate buttons, big sleeves, and lots of gold. I would choose pointed toe booties with high heels, as was seen in the Baroque fashion between 16801700 CE. For accessories I would choose jeweled earrings, a ring and a bracelet.

"Sarah Coventry "Chain O'Fashion" Baroque Pearl Earrings." Milky Way Jewels - What's New. Milky Way Jewels. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.milkywayjewels.com/earrings/CU15121722.html>.

Her hair would be piled high on her head and would either be a powdered wig or would include a ruffled head piece. Here is an image of actual Baroque period fashion that influenced my first outfit:

This painting is called Louis XIV with his Family. Its artist is unknown, although some consider it to be Nicolas Largiliere and was painted in 1711.

Outfit Number Two 1600-1630

"Baroque." Love&FASHION. WordPress.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://lovenfashion.wordpress.com/page/5/>. Page 7 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

"Costume Pictures by Devynm - Photobucket." Image Hosting, Free Photo Sharing & Video Sharing at Photobucket. Photobucket.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://s600.photobucket.com/albums/tt82/devynm/costume/?action=view>.

For my second outfit, I would have to choose an amazing cocktail dress. I would want something with a high collar, possibly ruffed or made from lace. I would want the dress to be form fitting up top, possibly a corset or bodice. The skirt would have to be layered and draped, creating a bell silhouette. I would choose a heavy fabric for the dress and I would want it to be a very bright color, possibly a metallic tone. I would choose a Page 8 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

pair of pumps, but would want them to be more ornate, possibly with appliqué, embroidery, lace, jewels, or other details.

"Picangy's "baroque" Favorite Pictures on VisualizeUs." Social Bookmarking for Pictures on VisualizeUs. MaxCDN. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://vi.sualize.us/picangy/baroque/>.

Again, I would choose an elaborate hairstyle that was piled up high on top of her head. Here is an image of actual Baroque period fashion that influenced my second outfit (although this image is of a floor-length gown, I was inspired by the opulent fabrics and the ruff at the neck):

"Portrait of a Young Woman with a Child - Anthony Van Dyck -Drawings, Prints and Painting from Hermitage Museum." State Hermitage Museum Unofficial. State Heritage Museum. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.arthermitage.org/Anthony-van-Dyck/Portrait-of-a-Young-Woman-with-aChild.html>.

This painting was painted by Anthony Van Dyck in c 1618. It’s called Young Woman with A Child.

Outfit Number Three (1680-1700)

"Fashion History Inspirations «." Whatthefog.wordpress.com. WordPress.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://whatthefog.wordpress.com/2010/04/20/fashion-history-inspirations/>.

For my final outfit, I would want to capture the majesty and the grandeur of the time by finding highlighting a beautiful, floor-length gown. I would want a corset top, that would be detailed with jewels and lace and a billowing skirt made from a heavy fabric, possibly with a long train. I would accessorize this outfit with a black mask and a big necklace, as was seen between 1630-1600.

"Baroque Fashion Jewel - Judith Leiber Lulu Necklace." Latest Fashion. Blogger. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://latestfashionshow.blogspot.com/2011/02/baroque-fashion-jewel-judith-leiber.html>.

Her hair would again be piled on top of her head but I would include a very elaborate hair piece made out of ruffles, lace and black mesh. She would be wearing the black leather booties. Here is an image of actual Baroque period fashion that influenced my third outfit:

"Marie Antoinette." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette>.

This painting is called: Marie Antoinette à la Rose, by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun in 1738.

Works Cited "Baroque Art in Southern Italy." ITALY - Tourism in Italy, Travel Tips, Information, Italian Regions. E.N.I.T. North America. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://consar0.startlogic.com/baroccodelsud.html>. "Baroque Fashion Jewel - Judith Leiber Lulu Necklace." Latest Fashion. Blogger. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://latestfashionshow.blogspot.com/2011/02/baroque-fashion-jewel-judithleiber.html>. "Baroque." Love&FASHION. WordPress.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://lovenfashion.wordpress.com/page/5/>. "Costume Pictures by Devynm - Photobucket." Image Hosting, Free Photo Sharing & Video Sharing at Photobucket. Photobucket.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://s600.photobucket.com/albums/tt82/devynm/costume/?action=view>. "Fashion History Inspirations «." Whatthefog.wordpress.com. WordPress.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://whatthefog.wordpress.com/2010/04/20/fashion-history-inspirations/>. "History of the Baroque Style - Life123." Articles and Answers about Life - Life123. Life123, Inc. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.life123.com/arts-culture/arthistory/baroque/baroque-style.shtml>. "Marie Antoinette." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette>. "Picangy's "baroque" Favorite Pictures on VisualizeUs." Social Bookmarking for Pictures on VisualizeUs. MaxCDN. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://vi.sualize.us/picangy/baroque/>. "Portrait of a Young Woman with a Child - Anthony Van Dyck -Drawings, Prints and Painting from Hermitage Museum." State Hermitage Museum Unofficial. State Heritage Museum. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.arthermitage.org/Anthony-vanDyck/Portrait-of-a-Young-Woman-with-a-Child.html>.

"ROYAL FLUSH & BLUSH WITH THE SUN KING: Idiot Bastard Sons?" Madame Pickwick Art Blog. Madam Pickwick. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://madamepickwickartblog.com/2010/09/royal-flush-blush-with-the-sun-kingidiot-bastard-sons/>. "Sarah Coventry "Chain O'Fashion" Baroque Pearl Earrings." Milky Way Jewels - What's New. Milky Way Jewels. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.milkywayjewels.com/earrings/CU15121722.html>. Suarez, By Dylana. "Trend: Baroque Style | The Fashion Spot." Fashion Trends, Styles, Celebrity Fashion, and Beauty | The Fashion Spot. Thefashionspot.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.thefashionspot.com/style-trends/news/106942-trend-baroque-style>. Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank. Survey of Historic Costume: a History of Western Dress. 5th ed. New York, NY: Fairchild Publications, 2010. Print. "Versailles." Castles.org "Castles of the World" Castles of the World. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Western_Europe/France/france6.htm>.

Visual Merchandizing – Final Draft Historical content and background information for my display The Baroque period was a time in Europe that lasted between 1600 and 1750. It was a time of opulence, luxury and grandeur for the wealthy middle and upper classes. Baroque fashion reflected this theme. Expensive fabrics, elaborate jewelry, bright colors, and flowing lines narrate the story of the Baroque period throughout the 17th Century. The fashion during the Baroque period went through several changes during the 17th Century. However, several elements remained consistent; the fabrics used in women’s fashion, for instance, did not change. Silk, velvet, cotton, lace, and fur continued to be the favorite textiles of the Baroque period. Bright colors and pastels were preferred. Corsets continued to be present throughout the Baroque period, however, from 1680-1700, they became more elaborate, with frills, lace, and jeweled embellishments in the front. Layered skirts also remained fashionable during the Baroque period, although, after 1660 they started to make them out of heavier satin fabrics, expanding their silhouette. Ruffles were seen throughout the Baroque period, as well as the cuts and opening of women’s skirts. Skirts were both closed and rounded all the way around the body, or they opened in the front and wrapped around to the back of the body. After 1680, the skirts began to develop long and draped trains, while remaining shorter and open in the front. High necklines with elaborate ruffles were also very popular. While there were many common themes throughout the Baroque period, several elements changed all together. Sleeves saw transformations for women’s fashion. Up until 1660, they were long, full, puffed, and some even had multiple puffs cascading down the arm. Those sleeves were called virago sleeves. Fur muffs and fur lined capes Page 15 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

"Sarah Coventry "Chain O'Fashion" Baroque Pearl Earrings." Milky Way Jewels - What's New. Milky Way Jewels. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.milkywayjewels.com/earrings/CU15121722.html>.

Her hair would be piled high on her head and would either be a powdered wig or would include a ruffled head piece. Here is an image of actual Baroque period fashion that influenced my first outfit:

This painting is called Louis XIV with his Family. Its artist is unknown, although some consider it to be Nicolas Largiliere and was painted in 1711.

Outfit Number Two 1600-1630

"Baroque." Love&FASHION. WordPress.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://lovenfashion.wordpress.com/page/5/>. Page 19 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

For my second outfit, I would have to choose an amazing cocktail dress. I would want something with a high collar, possibly ruffed or made from lace. I would want the dress to be form fitting up top, possibly a corset or bodice. The skirt would have to be layered and draped, creating a bell silhouette. I would choose a heavy fabric for the dress and I would want it to be a very bright color, possibly a metallic tone. I would choose a Page 20 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

pair of pumps, but would want them to be more ornate, possibly with appliqué, embroidery, lace, jewels, or other details.

"Picangy's "baroque" Favorite Pictures on VisualizeUs." Social Bookmarking for Pictures on VisualizeUs. MaxCDN. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://vi.sualize.us/picangy/baroque/>.

This painting was painted by Anthony Van Dyck in c 1618. It’s called Young Woman with A Child.

Outfit Number Three (1680-1700)

"Fashion History Inspirations «." Whatthefog.wordpress.com. WordPress.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://whatthefog.wordpress.com/2010/04/20/fashion-history-inspirations/>.

"Baroque Fashion Jewel - Judith Leiber Lulu Necklace." Latest Fashion. Blogger. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://latestfashionshow.blogspot.com/2011/02/baroque-fashion-jewel-judith-leiber.html>.

"Marie Antoinette." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette>.

This painting is called: Marie Antoinette à la Rose, by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun in 1738. My display My vision for this collection would be a modern day Palace at Versailles and the beautiful art that made this period so amazing. I would include images of the actual Palace of Versailles (possibly a scaled-down model that would be present in the store Page 24 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

display), as well as various pieces of Baroque art that featured that lavish lifestyle of the upper class during this time period. I would be targeting upper-middle class women in their 30s, with the discretionary income to afford garments made out of silk, satin, fur and velvet. She would be a woman who values life, love, fashion and art; think Carrie Bradshaw from Sex and the City. I would add a lot of ornate furniture and accessories in my display; large crystal chandeliers, plush chairs, scrolling frames for artwork, and lots of mirrors. Gold, blue, purple and red would be my main colors, because I think they encompass the feeling of the Palace at Versailles.

Here are images of accessories that I would include in my display, as well as artwork I would have in my display, the feel of the display, and inspirations behind my

display: "Versailles." Castles.org "Castles of the World" Castles of the World. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Western_Europe/France/france6.htm>.

"Versailles." Castles.org "Castles of the World" Castles of the World. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Western_Europe/France/france6.htm>.

"History of the Baroque Style - Life123." Articles and Answers about Life - Life123. Life123, Inc. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.life123.com/arts-culture/art-history/baroque/baroque-style.shtml>.

"Baroque Art in Southern Italy." ITALY - Tourism in Italy, Travel Tips, Information, Italian Regions. E.N.I.T. North America. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://consar0.startlogic.com/baroccodelsud.html>. Artwork

I think that since the Baroque Period was so heavily influenced by the art of the time, it is appropriate to include several pieces of Baroque art in my display, in fact, the more art the better! Here are pieces of Baroque art that I would specifically pick to be on display:

"The Fall of Phaeton" by Peter Paul Rubens (1604/1605)

“Louis XVI” by Antoine Francois Callet (1786) Sketch of my display

My display would take up an entire floor of the store, if possible. If not, I would build a very large room, turning the inside into a version of the Palace at Versailles, which would be the overall theme for my collection and the design of my display.

Edwardian and Victorian Event

I have been hired by the Queen of England to decorate her ball room for a her New Year’s Party. The catch is that everyone who is attending has to be dressed in either Victorian or Edwardian fashions, and they have to be as historically accurate as possible. Since only the most important members of society are going to be present, I plan to use vintage gowns that have been kept in mint condition. She has requested that I style the room as authentically as possible, also. Since the Queen is my host, I plan to dress her in the grandest gown I can find.

"Brooklyn Museum: Research: Brooklyn Bridge: Objects and Memorabilia." Brooklyn Museum:

Welcome.

Brooklynmuseum.org.

Web.

Nov.

2011.

<http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/research/brooklyn_bridge/o bjects/full.php?imgNo=70.53.5>. Page 34 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

This gown is particularly appropriate for this occasion, since it was actually worn by a woman who presented herself to Queen Victoria of the Victorian Period. It’s a couture vintage Victorian gown, handmade in France and made out of silk and metallic threads. It’s fully embellished in traditional Victorian opulence, with flowers, ruffles, fringe, patterns, and details. It has a typical Victorian silhouette, with a tight waist and a big skirt. It’s also gold, which is a very royal and powerful color. For the Queen’s accessories, I will dress her in a lot of jewelry. She will be wearing a crown, earrings, a necklace and rings. She will be wearing gloves, that are made from silk and are worn up past her elbows.

"Handmade Beaded Jewelry, Top Fashion Catwalks, Close Fitting Necklaces, Custom Handmade Jewelry, Fibre2fashion." Fibre2fashion - Premier B2B Marketplace For World Textile, Apparel & Fashion Industry, Best B2B Textile Portal, B2B Trade & Business

Portal.

Fibre2fashion.com.

Web.

Nov.

2011.

<http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/26/2504/handmade-beadedjewelry-details1.asp>.

"QUEEN VICTORIA’S DIMINUTIVE CROWN « The Anglophile." The Anglophile. Londonconnection.com.

Web.

Nov.

2011.

<http://blog.londonconnection.com/?p=3951>. Above Top: a picture of the necklace and earrings I want to have the Queen wear. Above: a picture of Queen Victoria of the Victorian Age. She is wearing some of the same accessories that I would have the Queen of England wear now.

The Queen’s niece wants to dress as fashionably as possible. For her, I picked a gown that has a lot stunning details, but is also pretty and age appropriate, since she is so young. Here is the gown that I picked for her!

"Ye

Olde

Fashion."

Olde

Fashion.

Tumblr.com.

Web.

Nov.

2011.

<http://yeoldefashion.tumblr.com/post/4071088712/a-1902-spring-eveningdress-by-the-brilliant>.

This is a 1902 evening dress designed by Jean-Philippe Worth, a very famous designer of the Edwardian Period. You can see the transition out of the Victorian Period in this dress, which occurred in the early part of the 20 th Century. The silhouette looks a lot more comfortable, for sure! Yet, it still has so many amazing details, which make the dress so beautiful. There are multiple layers and overlay. There is a strong floral theme, and a lot of lace and ruffles. I would give her a less jewelry to wear than the Queen: a ring, some silk gloves, smaller earrings and a necklace. I would also give her a small tiara adorned in diamonds.

"Google ImagesAntique Edwardian Ruby and Diamond Ring." Google. Google.com. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en>.

This is an antique Edwardian ruby ring that I would have the princess wear. The Host for this occasion is the Queen’s husband, Prince Phillip. He will be wearing a three-piece suit, rich with details like patterned fabrics, a slim silhouette, silk Page 38 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

tie, pearl tie tacks, a Victorian top hat, a silver plated cane, silk glove, spectacles, and a tail coat.

This is an image of Victorian Period inspired three piece suit. "Vintage Wedding Era Guidelines- Victorian Period." Your Vintage Wedding- Ideas, Guidelines, and Products. Yourvintagewedding.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.yourvintagewedding.com/victorianera.php>.

My decoration plan would be from a page out of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice! I would have grand candelabras and chandeliers everywhere. I would choose to hold the event in the Queen’s ball room in Windsor Castle:

"Mind the Gap." Mind the Gap. Blogger. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://ukmindthegap.blogspot.com/>.

"Fritz Fryer Antique Lighting | Edwardian." Fritz Fryer Antique Lighting | Chandeliers & Other

Beautiful

Lighting.

Wordpress.com.

Web.

Nov.

2011.

<http://fritzfryer.wordpress.com/tag/edwardian/>.

This is an Edwardian Period chandelier.

The entire room would be lit by candlelight, as would the entryway and even the driveway (yes, I realize that this means that I will need A LOT of candles, but she’s the Queen of England! If SHE can’t afford this, then WHO can?!). I would make sure that all of the furniture was Victorian or Edwardian; hand carved and opulent. I would have a Page 41 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

grand piano and a small orchestra or band playing classical music of Mozart and Schubert. I would have a lot of sitting chairs and tables, also, so people can sit down, have conversations, when they’re not dancing, of course! There will be ushers serving champagne as well as tea and coffee. There will be an area for a huge buffet. My food will be served on fine, bone china with gold details, just like the china used in the Victorian Period. The portions will be small, but the courses will be many. There would be cakes, fresh fruit, meats, bread and vegetables. However, everything will be served in bite-sized portions so that everyone will maintain their manners!

"Life in the Victorian Era." Women in the Victorian Era. Blogspot.com. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <http://victorianerawomen.blogspot.com/>.

Supporting Images and Links

Include images chosen for deciding the dresses and decorations for the party here, citing the source for the same. The Queen’s her neice’s garments are actually from the period, so they have no supporting images, but here is one to support Prince Philips attire:

"CYL: The Neglected and Overlooked Nation of Britain." Multiculturalism for Steampunk. Blogspot.com. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://thesteamerstrunk.blogspot.com/2011/04/cyl-neglected-and-overlookednation-of.html>.

Here is a photograph of a three-piece-suit from the Victorian Period.

"Victorian Ball | 19th Century Victorian Ball." Victorian Era | Victorian Style | Victoriana. Victoriana.com. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.victoriana.com/Etiquette/ballroomdancing.htm>.

This is an image of a ballroom from the Victorian Period that inspired my idea.

Works Cited "Brooklyn Museum: Research: Brooklyn Bridge: Objects and Memorabilia." Brooklyn Museum: Welcome. Brooklynmuseum.org. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/research/brooklyn_bridge/o bjects/full.php?imgNo=70.53.5>. "Fritz Fryer Antique Lighting | Edwardian." Fritz Fryer Antique Lighting | Chandeliers & Other Beautiful Lighting. Wordpress.com. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://fritzfryer.wordpress.com/tag/edwardian/>. "Google ImagesAntique Edwardian Ruby and Diamond Ring." Google. Google.com. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en>. "Handmade Beaded Jewelry, Top Fashion Catwalks, Close Fitting Necklaces, Custom Handmade Jewelry, Fibre2fashion." Fibre2fashion - Premier B2B Marketplace For World Textile, Apparel & Fashion Industry, Best B2B Textile Portal, B2B Trade & Business Portal. Fibre2fashion.com. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/26/2504/handmade-beadedjewelry-details1.asp>. "Life in the Victorian Era." Women in the Victorian Era. Blogspot.com. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <http://victorianerawomen.blogspot.com/>. "Mind the Gap." Mind the Gap. Blogger. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://ukmindthegap.blogspot.com/>.

"QUEEN VICTORIA’S DIMINUTIVE CROWN « The Anglophile." The Anglophile. Londonconnection.com. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <http://blog.londonconnection.com/?p=3951>. Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank. Survey of Historic Costume: a History of Western Dress. 5th ed. New York, NY: Fairchild Publications, 2010. Print. "Victorian Ball | 19th Century Victorian Ball." Victorian Era | Victorian Style | Victoriana. Victoriana.com. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. <http://www.victoriana.com/Etiquette/ballroomdancing.htm>. "Vintage Wedding Era Guidelines- Victorian Period." Your Vintage Wedding- Ideas, Guidelines, and Products. Yourvintagewedding.com. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. <http://www.yourvintagewedding.com/victorianera.php>. "Ye Olde Fashion." Ye Olde Fashion. Tumblr.com. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. <http://yeoldefashion.tumblr.com/post/4071088712/a-1902-spring-eveningdress-by-the-brilliant>.

Early 20th Century Play The title of my play is called “The Phone Call”. It’s set in a middle class American household on Monday, December 8, 1941, the day American officially entered World War II. The Jones couple, Carl and Clara, is in their early 20s and have been married for a year, and tonight is their anniversary! Clara, a stay at home wife, just found out that she is pregnant and is trying to find the most appropriate time to tell her husband. Carl is college graduate who has just started his career in business. The time is 7 o’clock in the evening. They are enjoying a home cooked meal after Carl has returned from a hard day at the office. Their dinner is disturbed by a knock at the door. Carl gets up to answer the door, only to be given a telegraph from a telegraph service. It is an immediate draft announcement for Carl to deploy to Europe in fight in WWII as an officer. Clothing: Clara has been cooking and cleaning in her housedress all day, and she has picked out a beautiful dinner dress to wear at dinner. Carl wore his business suit all day at work and at dinner. After he gets his draft announcement, he has to put on his uniform and leave to report to the nearest base by 2200 hours. For Carl, I decided to dress in him a wool, double breasted suit. These were very commonly worn by men during the 1920s.

"1930s 1940s Men Costume." Www.vintagecostumers.com. Vintagecostumers.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.vintagecostumers.com/1930m.htm>. This is the costume that Carl will be wearing to work and at dinner. It’s light grey and wool. It’s double breasted and is worn with a tie, shoes, a fedora hat, suspenders, a white button up shirt, a handkerchief stuffed into the breast pocket, and a watch chain. I chose this outfit because this is what I envisioned a middle class business man of Carl’s age to wear. In the play, Carl is a very young, yet promising business man, who works very hard and has a bright future ahead of him. He dresses very well, since he wants to project a certain professional and attractive image. The second outfit that Carl is going to wear is his WWII military uniform.

"1930s 1940s Men Costume." Www.vintagecostumers.com. Vintagecostumers.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.vintagecostumers.com/1930m.htm>.

This is a vintage WWII uniform, complete with patent leather shoes, an Eisenhower jacket, trousers, belt, shirt, tie, and hat. I chose this particular military uniform because I think it’s the most romantic out of the WWII uniforms. It reminds me of Ben Affleck from Pearl Harbor (please don’t judge me!!!). It is a uniform that I can see Carl wearing, he’s a strong character with a solid moral code and values. This uniform is meant to make Carl look as handsome and dashing as possible. Clara is a very young housewife who is very devoted to her family and husband. She is smart, multi-talented, resourceful, beautiful, strong yet demure, and is Carl’s Page 50 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

backbone and support system. She takes care of the household, while he is out earning the money that provides for their middle class lifestyle. Clara, since she has just recently discovered that this is pregnant with their first child, and since she has access to a higher discretionary income, is very fashionable and spends a lot of time shopping. I wanted to capture that when I picked out her first outfit: a housedress and apron.

"Retro Apron 1940's Style "Classic Damask"" Retrorevival.biz. Retro Revival. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. <http://retrorevival.biz/cart/index.php? main_page=product_info&cPath=3&products_id=271>. This is a white cotton housedress, but is made fashionable by a patterned damask apron worn over top. This outfit is both fashionable and functional. I can see her with her pretty make-up and hair (pictured below) making a romantic anniversary dinner!

"Top 5 Vintage Hair Styles For Women | Pedal Movement." Pedal Movement Advocacy, Awareness, Culture. Pedalmovement.com. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. <http://pedalmovement.com/top-5-vintage-hair-styles-for-women/>. This is the hairstyle Clara will wear during the day. It is a very fashion forward hairstyle worn by fashionable housewives and movie stars of this time period. It’s a hair style that’s also seen several revivals, particularly with nautical inspired garments and trends.

"1940's Black Satin Party Dress - Applique/Rhinestones - Circle Skirts from Mairemcleod on Ruby Lane." Ruby Lane - Antiques & Art . Vintage Collectibles . Jewelry: Sun, December

4th.

Rubylane.com.

Web.

Dec.

2011.

<http://www.rubylane.com/item/460150-1646/1940s-Black-Satin-Party-Dress>. For her second outfit, which she will wear during their anniversary dinner, I wanted to pick a very fashionable, yet sexy and daring dress to excentuate Clara’s youth, beauty and fidelity to her husband. This dress is made from black satin and has sparking floral embelishments/appliqués. It is a dress that could be worn to a cocktail party by a movie star, or a nice dinner out by a housewife.

"UK Marketeer." UK-Marketeer & ABC Mascots & Co. Uk-marketeer.co.uk. Web. 02 Dec. 2011.

<http://www.uk-marketeer.co.uk/shop/product_info.php?

products_id=224>.

This is the hairstyle that Clara will be wearing to dinner. It’s dramatic, yet sophisticated and looks very posh when combined with her dress and accessories.

"Wear It Again Sam Vintage, The Best In Vintage Apparel for Men and Women." Wear It Again

Sam

Vintage

Wearitagainsamvintage.com.

Best

Vintage Web.

Clothing 02

and

Accessories.

Dec.

2011.

<http://wearitagainsamvintage.com/shop/index.php?main_page=index>.

These are the shoes that Clara will be wearing to dinner. They are 1940s black fishnet peep-toe high heels. They are just the right height and sophistication to match the rest of Clara’s evening outfit!

"At RustyZipper.Com Vintage Clothing." RustyZipper.Com | Shop Vintage Clothes - Over 28,000

Items!

Rustyzipper.com.

Web.

Dec.

2011.

<http://www.rustyzipper.com/shop.cfm?type=>. Here are the earrings that Clara will be wearing. They are very glamorous and will easily be seen with the way that Clara will be styling her hair for the dinner. They are just the right amount of sparkle to accentuate her outfit! The play is set in Clara and Carl’s dining room. Since they are a young couple with salary that gives them a good deal of financial freedom, I envision their house to be a fashionable and trendy as the clothing they will be wearing. I imagine a lot of grand, wooden furniture, artwork and details. Here is an image of their dining room:

"Dining Room - 1940's | Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Flickr.com. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/30399736@N03/3820853763/>. This is a great representation of the dining room that I have pictured in my head, but maybe a little bit smaller than I would like. This is a dining room meant for two, which suits Clara and Carl’s lifestyle. It’s posh, yet feels lived in.

"Dining Room Furniture." The Forget-Me-Not Shoppe. Theforgetmenotshoppe.com. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. <http://www.theforgetmenotshoppe.com/index/Dining_Room_Furniture>. This is a picture of a buffet from the 1940s that would be placed in the living room. This is a very beautiful piece of furnature, which is why I chose it. The woodwork on this piece of furniture is impressive and it looks like it would be owned by a young couple. Page 56 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

"Dining Room Furniture." The Forget-Me-Not Shoppe. Theforgetmenotshoppe.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.theforgetmenotshoppe.com/index/Dining_Room_Furniture>. This is another buffet type piece of furniture from the 1940s that I would include in the set. I like it because it’s not an absolutely necessary piece of furniture but it adds to the expensive ambiance of the room. It’s something that Carl and Clara use to showcase their beautiful crystal stemware and china.

"House in Progress: Our Brown Boudoir." More Ways to Waste Time. Blogspot.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://morewaystowastetime.blogspot.com/2007/11/house-in-progress-ourbrown-boudoir.html>. This is an art deco lighting fixture from the 1930s. Clara and Carl are both fans of the Art Nouveau style from earlier in the century. I like that this fixture adds an element of youth and style to the room.

"Good Weeks: 1940 S Vintage Wallpaper." Good Weeks:. Good-weeks.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.good-weeks.com/1940-s-vintage-wallpaper.html>. This is a vintage wallpaper pattern from the 1940s. I like it because it’s dark and will add an element of opulence to the room. I think the different shades of green will compliment the amber light fixtures and the darker wood furniture.

"Music Giclee Print by Alphonse Mucha at Art.com." Art.com - Posters, Art Prints, Framed Art, and Wall Art Collections. Www.art.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. Page 59 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

<http://www.art.com/products/p12183439-sa-i2044495/alphonse-muchamusic.htm>. Since Clara and Carl are fans of the Art Nouveau movement, and since they’re both young and trendy, I would add art from Alphonse Mucha to their dining room. This particular print is called “Music Girclee”. I like the sweeping lines of the woman’s clothing and hair, as well as the grand styling line of the print. It would fit in really nicely in their dining room and add a splash of artistic flare to the overall feel of the room.

Supporting Images and Links

"From Grave to Cradle." Moving Mansions. Movingmansions.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.movingmansions.com/2011/06/418-june-street-hancockpark.html#!/2011/06/418-june-street-hancock-park.html>. This image is what inspired the whole concept behind the play. It’s beautiful, elegant, classy, and trendy. The room looks young and fresh, but also looks like the people who have furnished and decorated the room had some money and taste.

Birger, Malene. "Mens Gifts | Find the Latest News on Mens Gifts at Eclectic Jewelry and Fashion." Eclectic Jewelry and Fashion. Onsugar.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://sbeulah.onsugar.com/tag/Mens-gifts>. This is an image of a businessman from the 1940s. He is young, debonair, and successful, exactly the characteristics of Carl. He is wearing a smart tweed suit, similar to the one that I chose for Carl. He is also wearing a fedora, necktie, handkerchief, and the same shoes as the outfit I picked for Carl.

"GI Uniform Details, US 76th Infantry Division: WWII Photo Feature 21 (Lone Sentry)." Lone Sentry: World War II Photographs, Documents, and Research. Lonesentry.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.lonesentry.com/features/f21_uniform.html>. These are three different styles of WWII military uniforms. I chose a uniform for Carl that is similar to the one on the left. The other two uniforms looked too generic to be for Carl. He is an officer and a dashing hero, after all!

Register, Clicking. "1940s Simplicity Pattern 2161 Women's Smock by JanesVintageToo." Etsy - Your Place to Buy and Sell All Things Handmade, Vintage, and Supplies. Etsy.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.etsy.com/listing/76303708/1940ssimplicity-pattern-2161-womens>.

This image is from a 1940 Simplicity Pattern envelope. These dresses definitely inspired Clara’s look. The girls look young and hip, as well as pretty and stylish, the same qualities I wanted Clara to embody. They dresses are short and flirty, but also are housedresses that serve a functional – and fashionable – purpose.

"Model: Wallpaper, Bilder, Fotos Und Poster." Real-Fans.de: Promi-News, TV-Serien, Kino, Musik. Real-fans.de. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.realfans.de/Wallpaper/Model/>.

This is an image of 1940s model Carole Landis modeling a Seersucker Evening Gown. I love this dress and it definitely inspired my choice for Clara’s evening look. It’s so elegant and beautiful. This image also inspired her overall image, since I chose a very similar hairstyle for her to wear. I think this outfit is very elegant, sophisticated and beautiful, just like Clara!

Works Cited "1930s 1940s Men Costume." Www.vintagecostumers.com. Vintagecostumers.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.vintagecostumers.com/1930m.htm>. "1940's Black Satin Party Dress - Applique/Rhinestones - Circle Skirts from Mairemcleod on Ruby Lane." Ruby Lane - Antiques & Art . Vintage Collectibles . Jewelry: Sun, December

4th.

Rubylane.com.

Web.

Dec.

2011.

<http://www.rubylane.com/item/460150-1646/1940s-Black-Satin-Party-Dress>. "At RustyZipper.Com Vintage Clothing." RustyZipper.Com | Shop Vintage Clothes - Over 28,000

Items!

Rustyzipper.com.

Web.

Dec.

2011.

<http://www.rustyzipper.com/shop.cfm?type=>. Birger, Malene. "Mens Gifts | Find the Latest News on Mens Gifts at Eclectic Jewelry and Fashion." Eclectic Jewelry and Fashion. Onsugar.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://sbeulah.onsugar.com/tag/Mens-gifts>. "Dining Room - 1940's | Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Flickr.com. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/30399736@N03/3820853763/>. "Dining Room Furniture." The Forget-Me-Not Shoppe. Theforgetmenotshoppe.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.theforgetmenotshoppe.com/index/Dining_Room_Furniture>. "From Grave to Cradle." Moving Mansions. Movingmansions.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.movingmansions.com/2011/06/418-june-street-hancockpark.html#!/2011/06/418-june-street-hancock-park.html>. Page 65 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

"GI Uniform Details, US 76th Infantry Division: WWII Photo Feature 21 (Lone Sentry)." Lone Sentry: World War II Photographs, Documents, and Research. Lonesentry.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.lonesentry.com/features/f21_uniform.html>. "Good Weeks: 1940 S Vintage Wallpaper." Good Weeks:. Good-weeks.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.good-weeks.com/1940-s-vintage-wallpaper.html>. "House in Progress: Our Brown Boudoir." More Ways to Waste Time. Blogspot.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://morewaystowastetime.blogspot.com/2007/11/house-in-progress-ourbrown-boudoir.html>. "Model: Wallpaper, Bilder, Fotos Und Poster." Real-Fans.de: Promi-News, TV-Serien, Kino, Musik. Real-fans.de. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.realfans.de/Wallpaper/Model/>. "Music Giclee Print by Alphonse Mucha at Art.com." Art.com - Posters, Art Prints, Framed Art, and Wall Art Collections. Www.art.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.art.com/products/p12183439-sa-i2044495/alphonse-muchamusic.htm>. Register, Clicking. "1940s Simplicity Pattern 2161 Women's Smock by JanesVintageToo." Etsy - Your Place to Buy and Sell All Things Handmade, Vintage, and Supplies. Etsy.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. <http://www.etsy.com/listing/76303708/1940ssimplicity-pattern-2161-womens>.

"Retro Apron 1940's Style "Classic Damask"" Retrorevival.biz. Retro Revival. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. <http://retrorevival.biz/cart/index.php? main_page=product_info&cPath=3&products_id=271>. "Top 5 Vintage Hair Styles For Women | Pedal Movement." Pedal Movement Advocacy, Awareness, Culture. Pedalmovement.com. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. <http://pedalmovement.com/top-5-vintage-hair-styles-for-women/>. "Wear It Again Sam Vintage, The Best In Vintage Apparel for Men and Women." Wear It Again

Sam

Vintage

Wearitagainsamvintage.com.

Best

Vintage Web.

Clothing 02

and

Accessories.

Dec.

2011.

<http://wearitagainsamvintage.com/shop/index.php?main_page=index>. "UK Marketeer." UK-Marketeer & ABC Mascots & Co. Uk-marketeer.co.uk. Web. 02 Dec. 2011.

<http://www.uk-marketeer.co.uk/shop/product_info.php?

products_id=224>.

In 1947, couture designer, Christian Dior ushered in an age of fashion, style, and a sense of conformity to women’s clothing. After decades of depression, war, and fabric restrictions, Dior introduced his “New Look”. Women everywhere were hooked! During the 20th century, women’s fashion had seen many revisions. The beginning of the century remained loyal to the Edwardian period style, with elaborate dresses covering the vast majority of women’s bodies. In the 20s, after the success of the Suffrage Movement, women hiked up their skirts and bared their cleavage in an effort to express the freedom and individuality that was finally reflected in politics and society. Soon, however, the Great Depression put a halt to women’s fashion. If people couldn’t afford to eat, they surely couldn’t afford to buy clothes! The Great Depression was followed by World War II. Since most fabrics were needed to support the war, they became hard to buy as well as extremely expensive! Women’s clothing, during this time, also needed to serve a purpose, since they were now working in industries left vacant by their deployed men. As with World War I, women were wearing trousers and pants, as well as button up tops. Enter Christian Dior. His emerging collection, which he dubbed his New Look, was elegant, sophisticated, and made from an excessive amount of fabric. So much fabric that some of his garments took over 80 yards to construct! Vogue, a well known fashion magazine, described Dior’s New Look as: “…from the era of Madame Bovary… wasp-waisted Gibson Girl shirtwaists, pleated or tucked…slow-sloped, easy shoulders… wrapped and bound middles--barrel (almost hobble) skirts--longer, deeply shaped shadow-box décolleté-padded hips...," (vintagecollection.net). Page 68 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

Outfit One:

"Christian Dior: "Junon" Dress (C.I.53.40.5a-e) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.53.40.5a-e>. This dress is called Junon, and it appeared in Dior’s New Look fall collection in 1949. This haute couture gown is made entirely from pale silk; with blue, rust and green sequins. This dress has a typical New Look silhouette, where the waist is tiny and the skirt flares out. The bodice is without sleeves, another signature New Look detail. This particular dress would be worn by an upper class woman in her 30s or 40s. Since it is entirely made out of silk and is couture, this dress is far more expensive than most women could afford. I could see this dress being worn down the red carpet by Cate Blanchet or Kate Winslet. Outfit Two: Page 69 of 73 FRM121 – Fashion History II © 2008, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh – Online Division

Christian Dior: "Bar" Suit (C.I.58.34.30_C.I.69.40) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.58.34.30_C.I.69.40>. This look combines a silk shantung bar suit and jacket with a wool pleated skirt. Each piece is a haute couture garment from Dior’s 1947 spring collection. The silhouette is the same, a small waist and a flowing skirt. This look is already accessorized with a wide-brimmed hat, parasol/umbrella, leather gloves, and pumps. This outfit, if adapted into a bridge market garment, would be great for a middle class woman in her 30s.

Otherwise, this would be worn by a rich socialite or celebrity, due to the expensive fabric and hand sewn quality.

Outfit Three:

Christian Dior: "Cherie" Dinner Dress (C.I.48.13a,b) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.48.13a,b>.

This is a silk dinner dress that Dior named Cherie. It’s another haute couture dress that he included in his 1947 spring collection. This dress is covered in details, like pleating, buttons, style lines, and a classic New Look silhouette. This dress includes builtin hip padding to emphasize a smaller waist and fuller hips, or the ideal female form. This dress could be worn by any woman who wants to feel sexy and confidant while they run their daily errands or have coffee with her girlfriends.

"Christian Dior / - Design/Designer Information." Design Museum London. Design Museum. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://designmuseum.org/design/christian-dior>. "Christian Dior: "Bar" Suit (C.I.58.34.30_C.I.69.40) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.58.34.30_C.I.69.40>. "Christian Dior: "Cherie" Dinner Dress (C.I.48.13a,b) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.48.13a,b>. "Christian Dior: "Junon" Dress (C.I.53.40.5a-e) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/C.I.53.40.5a-e>. Harris, Kristina. "Christian Dior's New Look." The Vintage Connection. Kristina Harris, 22 Apr. 2006. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.vintageconnection.net/NewLook.htm>. "Rakuten: Christian Dior Necklace Earring Set ChristianDior Vintage / Vintage Jewelry- Shopping Japanese Products from Japan." All Rakuten Services. Rakuten, Inc. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://global.rakuten.com/en/store/mfcafe-japan/item/v3-0907/>. Thomas, Pauline W. "1950s Fashion History 50s Glamour, Dior New Look." Fashion History Costume Trends and Eras, Trends Victorians - Haute Couture. Fashion-era.com. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://fashion-era.com/1950s_glamour.htm>.