Civilization and Prosperity
'l'hc tiistorical Beijing F!:om Northcrn important Straltegic -ltrwn to Politiclll (
lor)tro
TJrorkouclian & Upper
C-lave, the
Mysterious Cranium
-l'lre Greart Welll, the Crcat Wonders Yranclndu Site
, the Olcl City Witll
'fl-re Cit-v Wallancj Gate in thc Ming atncl Qing D)natsties,
"lr)nor Nrne ancl C)utetr Sel'en"
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Beijing is a y()(rng cily too. Today's Beuing, is devckrping wifh rzrpicl speed
that ranks among tho inferniltional metropolisos.
Beiling
is localtcxl in ther
rltlrthernnlost pafi
of the Norfh China Plain in the North of China. Thc climalc of Beuing makos
a
clear clistinction ltefrveen the four seasons.
lf you want to lake a trip to tleijing,
better choose the April ancl
hac.l
MaY,
commutativc periocl befween spring and summcr or the septernbcr ancl october in autumn. At those timcs, it is warm in th(] air and the flowcrs in blossom or sny! in autumn is high and amoshero pleasant,
the highest temperature ge)nerally tiorn 2()
to l5
eC
in the da).time, that is very suitable
for tourists.
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This is an old ancl boautifut
-l -j\
national
capital, a young ancl cha'rrmlng city, shc warrnly Strotch oul both arms, welcome
you approaching this place ancl comc into Beijing.
:
The P
n
o (:
lt I
N
Historical
Beijing
Nearty 600,000 to TOo,OOo hundred years ago, Yongding River which flowed through the southwest of Beijing was still a wide great river with abundant water, gathering brooks, flourish forest
on both banks, haunted wild animal. On a hill in river valley of
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t (:
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Yongding, there were gregarious ape-mans lived in the caves. They made a living by enclosin$ and catching preys and fishing. They were the Peking Man. In the l92OS or l93OS, Some tooth
fossils of Peking Man and Several intact cranium fossils were found by the archaeologists. In the Same place, Some ancient zoolites and used fire marks were found also.
Anout
5,OOO
or 6,000 years ago, Chinese ancestors who were
generally acknowledged, the two heads of the northern clans, emperors of Huangidi and of Yandi formed an alliance, they defeated
other clans at that time. Later the Yandi were defeated by the younger Huangdi who Lrecame the new leader and established tho capital in the area near BeĂœing. This was the earliest legend tlvrt Betijing area as the capital. BeĂœing area was called Youzhou at
lltrl
lirnrr,
.s<t
llto Yxtzlrtltt wtts the earliest nalre of Beljing area.
t
f
portanf Strategic Town
In the t lth century 8.C.,
the clan of "Zhou" was powerful in the North of lO45 8.C., the first monarch of the Zhou Dynasty, the king of ZhouwLr conferred "North Yan" area on the "Zhaogong", it is today's Bejjing and surrounding area. The offspring of "Zhaogong" were all called the Yanhou. ln the site of ancient city whero thc capital of yan of Western Zhou was found in the Dongjialin village of Liulihe in Fangshan district of Beijing, there is history of more than 3,OOO years nowadays.
China.
h
In
the Spring and Autumn period after Zhou Dynasty,
through the constant civil war, amalgamated from dozens of small countries conferrecl by king of Znou into seven big countries progressively, these were
lh.corne! Pavilion of Yuanmingyuan
"Seven Powerful States of the Warring Stafes Period" in China's history. State of Yan was one of "Seven Powerful States", regarded Ji as the capital. According to the archaeological discovery, the expert infers Ji city should be the area from Xuanwu Men to Heping Men in the southwest of Beijing today.
The Air Map of drc Old
Be
ijing
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In rzoo. the Tiemuzhen
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governancc centre hcre namecl Dadu, calleci Yanjing to(). From thcn on, Beuing became the political centre of a unified multi-nationality country from a important borclerland strategic town in the North of China ln the l3th contury Marco Polo, a ltalian tourist came to China fiom fhe remofe place, he had exactly seen the prosperous scones of Yuan Dadu at thal
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time, and propagated the economy and culture here to tho western countrjos by his travels
In
eog, zhu Yuanzhang set up Ming Dynasty and establish fhe capital in Yingtianfu (today's Nanjing of Jiangsu Province). ln thc same year, he eliminated the army of Yuan Dynasty, captured Dadu mostly, rename as the Beipingfu. ln l4o3 the Ming Chengzu, emperor Zhu Di renamed the Beipingfu as Shuntianfu, called Beijing also This was the earliest origin nameof "Beijing". lnthc Igthyearof Yongle (|42I). MingDynastymoved the capital to Beijing formally, anci Nanjing lowered as a second capifal
I rV
ll| || ',('l rl\r'rIll1r,r,11 rll,rl lrr Yirrrlir r1l, irrt<l was namod ttt tlt t11ol llr,llll 1;r,15 llrtrrtrl rilitl ir) tllohisf()ry. ,ll
establishcd the Crcat Mongolia Kingdom and
was electcd as Genghis Khan Genghis Khan lecj his M()ngoljan army lnarched into Central Plains. and had occupie)d tho arcil of Yaniing In 1272, Yuan Shizu, the founder of Yuan Dynasfy Qttbilai l)uilt the new
Beihai's Yudong Bridge of rhe Old Beijiog
t
namecl Poidu.
lfltrllrrruyrran of rhe Old Beijing
'l'hc limr (.hnng tn Strcct of thc Old lSciiing
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Tho narnes of Bcijing in th(r Diflercnt peri().l you lO45 B C yan
60(-)0 B C.
17s B C. .Ji
A D g.JU N,rnjing yi]lUing
A.D. I tSlJ Zhongrlu A.D. t272 Dadu
A.D. 13613 A D. t.403
A.D. IU2A A.D. l9zt9
,/ Beiiing
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in F-esrival
On October t, tg4g, the people's Republjc of China w,as declared its cstablishment here, BeUing has becamc rhe capifal of tho people,s Republic of China, the old BeUing rake on an enfirely new looks About the history ()f tleijing, there are relevant exhibitions in th(] newl;r built th(j Capital Musolrm located in West Chang'an Street of Bejjing
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in
tr
nttllt,il\ rlr,lIrtrlirrll 1rt0jt,t,l irr trrrc:i()rrl times in t\ lt I.,,t.,\iltlxrl ()l clrrrr<,sc nali()n t)s its long \\ltlt\r.tV llllll rt(.1 )ulitli()ll ill)(.1 voryttrmous in lr l'\t,rrrrlrl0l l,ll\,1)1. t,l titiii Milltilor,s tomb of tirl l',1,Irl rr 11, q,1, llrr.1;;1,;,1 Witll :rre praisecl aS ll l', ll,,l('rl l r "tlrr. lrlrilirg<t (liroctory of the I llll rlt,t,,l,,t.r I lo
I rrr
)l(.( I itJi lltC: lturnan COmmOn
Thc
Great Walt of China was built in the Spring ancj Aufumn and thc
Warring States Periods befbrc the 2nd century B C., the construction work
Iti
has gone through more than 2OOO years intermittently, the total lengfh up to more than 5o,ooo kibmeters. Thc Groat Wall where we see today is mostly the Creaf Walt built in the Ming Dynasty in the l3fh ccntur:y. It reached in the east of Yalu River in Liaoning from the Jiayu Pass of Gansu in the wcst, lotal long 6350 km. lt looks like a vigorous huâ&#x201A;Źie clragon,
, lt, rt.ili.rqr,,l,
traversed fho North of China At all times and in all lancls, the person have been ro fhe Great wall wondered for its boundless imposing manner all withouf excepfion
The creat wall was a protective screen of defending the war in the past and as the pcaceful symbol and the tie of friendship today.
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Irorrr Nr)t ll)('ilsl(rrn (liroclioLt to tltct Northv\/ctst. ( \l('r
l( I (i21)
n l( )l
)lilir I ri(lgos ancl cn thc
ü
kil()ntotcr.s. nt()stl\/ conslructfecl in high clifl It is worlcl-fantorrs
l()r lllo spcctalculatr ancl hUgo sctale. 't'here are r)r()r() than uoo plallbm:;, 7 t passc)s ancl 8 camps in all in urt tho C;rcat Wall ()f ßeUing ncrcording to
investigirlion att tr)rosetnt, a lot of famous beauty sconci sr.rcril el.s tsa(lt)ling, \4utianyu, Gubeikou, Simartai. Shcntaingy,rr ancl y.rrtho city otc . ancl
lnany airrong them have alrea(l\/ bectrnte the farnor-rs sccnic sljot \,vhcrc-. are vor)/ well-kn()wn all ovcrr tilo u/orlcj
Creat lWall Snorv Scenes
-Jinshan I-ing
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rear \i/alJ
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i'l:1,*^- '4
I j
{,Y27
tltc Prrk
dadu S&fe, In
tzt
f
Otd
Ci
X
s, Zhongdu (Beiiing in that time) in Jin Dynasty was
captured by Genghis ttran and his Mongolian soldier' In 1266' his grandson Yuan Shizu Qubilai felt Zhongdu was too broken, then asked famous scholar Liu Bingzhong in that time to plan,
then built a new city in the northeast of the zhongdu City regarded present Beihai as the centre. Tltough about l8 years of constn-rction, complefed unttl | 27 6, there is a history of more Firsr Sun Rays in
rHltnn l,ltrg Ororrt Wirll ls l-ocrate(l in the ,vt tHltll r lt klk rtrrelr,rs, l,iliuU)lltg cx)unty of
lg hl llx! tlltHl t(l lll(l L()r)gyukou in the rrlFfi, 'l'l lo llillnc ('itill() fi<lrrt some the hilrnll ( l)r1 lill(l Xliur) ,ilrr t{Ul ln the Ming rl Wnll ol',tlllnlIül t.lilg ls wln(ling with r(r ill(,rfl lrrlrrr'1 lrirrt ilt tho crcat wall in
Irnrr l,lrrg, ilullnly vlow it.$ hug() dragon-
l(lt1tt(lntls(t(l tirll, I
a.s
wcll as boundless
It f{lr(\l('lllng ttnrl trncltrluting grotesque
Jinshanling Grcat Vall
che
Moroing ofJinshanling
lvlr
ln Yuandadu Site Park
than 7oO years so far. Until now up to more than lo meters traces of city wall can be seen that is catled "soil city" by citizens in Beüing, it was listed as the chinese major historical and cultural monuments under state protection of Beuing ln 1957. And moreover, based on the ruins wall. the "park of the Historical Reritage of the Yuandadu" has been approved and built by Beijing Municipal Government in lgaa. Tree of Jimen" was a stafting point of the palk westelrxnost platform remained the stone tablet of "smoking Tree of Jimen" the city end, in made which was Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. That was known as one of the eight scenes in Yanjing, symbolizing the early stage of ancient city development of BeÜlng. Group of stone carvings named the "Grand ceremony of Dadu" regarded Qubilai and Imperial concubine of Yuan as the center, there are l9 important persons in cornrnon, beside the civil officials and military officer while founding state in Yuan D),nasty on both sides, there were ltalian tourist Marco Polo, famous astronomer Guo Shoujing, Nepalese alchitect and s<:rrllltor Anikai etc.. All of which had reproduced the grand occasion in
The "Smoking
Jxrlltk;irl, ()(x)tl()tnic, military and cultural aspects of Yuan il lirrg()sl oul(kx)r gr()tll) of stattlos in BeÜing thus far.
Dynasry Thatwas
P R
o (l H I
N C
0 C H I
The
Oly pic l"ark and Olytttllit:
Cenfre
Slrorts
Beijing olympic Park is located in the north end of the urban central axis of Beijing, is the main area to 2oo8 olympic Games, which concentrate I 1 matches and lo venues, including such important establishments and facilities as Olympic Village, International Broadcast Center, main press center, etc.. With very distinct commemorative character, the Olympic F채rk becomes the sign of the Olympic Games legary The subway olympic cames branch line will run through the park from south to north with underground second floor of central axis, wifh total length about 4 4 kilometers and four subway stations.
N
National Stadium National Stadium is one of the landmark building of the Olympic Park, located in the east of the central axis of central area the olympic Park and the west of the dragon-shaped viewing water system, Divided and arranged on the both of the central axis along with the National
Swimming Centre and the National Gymnasium, because structure
subassemblies of the stadium supported each other and formed nefwork shape, it is called "Bird Nest" vividly.
The base of National Stadium covers an area of Taooo square meters, and
attaching a permanent warming-up place of 4oo
Nrt r rrrrl Natacorim (Model of Cubic \9ater)
meters runway, total floor
National Swimming contro Tho Nntknnl ltvl the south, the centre parl of'll$|llng OlytilIl
area about 260,OOO square meters, the height of the building about 68 meters, including ao,ooo permanent seats and 2o,ooo temporary
hectares of construction lanrl, toltrl l'ltrttf ttfon u the height of the buildlng :l I rn(rfrlrn, 'lltr rlfr consist of more than 3,OOO g(xnnolrl(:nl Wflltrf I cube" by people.
seats.
Nacional Stadium (Model of Bird
Nest)
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The ltajor [Iistorio:rl ilnd (lullural
ltonunrenf$ ulxcler S(ltle I'ro(ecli(rll in eeliing Ancient Architecture
Dongyuctrrlitl()'llrl Ill )l('
Dongcheng Districl
Qingjingliua (lily'li)w(rr Qlllg
changping county
Fuwang l'ri(:()'s l{('sl(l(tlltlä
County
Fahai
The Palace Museum Ming and Qing
\1 llll I
charoyang l)is1ri(rl
(
Juyongguan Cloud Platform Yuan
Districl
The Badaling Great wall Ming Yanqing
chaoyang Districl .lilr ol slllltl Itf
The Temple of Heaven Ming changping County zhihua Temple Ming Chongwen District
The lmperial college Qing Dongcheng District
Yonghegong Lama Temple Ming Dongcheng Dislrict
summer Palace Qing Haidian District Confucian Temple Yuan, Ming and Qing Haidian District
Chongli Residence Qing Dongcheng District
The Drum Tower, Bell Tower Ming, Qing Dongcheng District Ke Garden Qing Dongcheng District
Miaoying Temple White Tower Yuan District Hall Ming Xicheng District ties Emperor's Temple Ming, Qing xicheng District Nantang cathedral Qjng xcheng Districf Jingshan Ming, Qing xicheng District Baiyun Taoisl Temple Qing Xicheng
Beihai and Tuan cheng Ming,Qing
xicheng District Huangshicheng Ming, Qing Dongcheng District
Tcmplo Ming Sllllhlt{$llHn
Tanzhe Templo Qinil M(,lll( )l llltltl Wanfotang, Kongsl)l lk l()rlg ( ancl Tower sui t() MinA litlulrlßn Bi),un Templc Ming, Qhrg lltlhllBn Dahui Temple Ming t lill(llilll I Shifang Pujuc'lcrnlt() Qhlg I lllk
Juesheng Templo Qing I lilkllllll I Zhenjue Temple Wilrri()r 'l'llr( )ll0 the trive Pagodtrs 'llilnlll(') Mlllg District
simatai Great wall Millg llill(llllll Yunju Temple Towor StoIX: S( Tang, Liao, Jin Fangslulll l)lslrl(!l Moden sitos and Memorltrl
Red Building of Beuing t llllvnrilly of May 4 Movement irl I o lf ) I District Lugou Bridge 1937 l'(xlgläll l)liffl€l Site of the Central Orgilrl, ( lllhl(!Hö äa Youth League Monument to the Pe()[)l(ts llt!l(l6a Center of Beijing Tian-an Men (Gate of I loilvtlllly Founding of PRC I949 (;()lllt:f l)l The former Residenco of siollr{
Beijing Ancient Observatory Ming'Qing
in Beijing 1963 Beihcyilrl, l)(
Dongcheng District southeast watchtower Ming, Dongcheng District Zhengyangmen of Beuing Ming'Qing
The former Residenco ()l (
lmperial Divine TemPle Ming'Qing
Xcheng District
Silver mountain Tallin of Beijing Jin, Yuan Changping The lmperial Ancestral Temple Ming' Qing Dongcheng District
Tianning Temple Tower Liao Xuanwu
District Niujie Mosque Ming, Qing Xuanw'Lr District Fawan Temple Qing Xuanwu District Allar of Agriculture Ming, Qing xuanwu District Jietai (Sila Altar) Temple Liao, Song Yuan' Qing Mentougou District
District t
963'l 97a xicheng Distrkrl
Ancient Tombs The Ming Tombs Ming charlgl)ll1g
Jingtai Tomb Ming Haidian l)l3trl(ll
Ancient Remains
zhoukouclian Ancient Siter 'l'llo Age Fangshan District Liulihe Sile Western Zh()(l Dislrict
(
)lcl
Yuanm jngyuan Palaco Sll6 Fangshan District
Jin Zhongdushuiguan Disftict