PROJECT 1
Sustainable system in a city
Cheah Chenxi 0332498 Goay Chin Theng 0332644 Ang Jia Qin 0331998 Chang Au Siong 0334216
PHILIPPINES
ARC 61704
NETHERLANDS
Sustainable Living
PHASE 1
Manila
INTRODUCTION
MANILA
1.78m
Wo r l d ’ s mo s t o v er p o p u l a ted c i ti es
La n d U se
9 5 th
Wo r l d ’ s l ea s t s u s ta i n a b l e c i ti es
Urban Bloc k -Irregular sprawl without clear grids, massing form within boundary of nearby riverstreams.
-The hierachical grid dissolves into an irregular grid form that quickly dissolves in to a tree form cluster.
Manila Bay Manila Bay
Area:
42.88 km² Density (km²):
324707
Growth Rate:
1.60%
High Intensity Residential Zone
Light Intesity Industrial Zone
Medium Intensity Commercial Zone
Medium Intesity Industrial Zone
High Intensity Commercial Zone
Transportation & Utilities Zone
Institutional Zone
Cultural Zone
Parks & Recreation Zone
Area for Priority Development
CB D - M akat i -financial center of the Philippines -international corperate ,foreign embassies focused -biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange
B u ild in g Ty p e s Res ide ntial With highly dense population, most of the residential housings are the apartment.
Ta llest Bu ild in g The tallest building in Manila is a high rise residential skyscaper, named as Grand Riveria Suites.
Go v er n m en t Bu i l d i n g Most of the government buildings are located at Ermita, a district that serve as the civic centre.
H i s to r i c a l Bu i l d i n g mainly preserve d since Spanish Colonial
Religious Building Christian and Catholic focused city
RED INFRASTRUCTURE Popu l at io n Gr owth
MANILA
Residency Status in Manila
20M
42,857 people per kilometer, Manila
Intramuros, known as “the walled city”, an ancient district in Manila, filled with historical landmarks like churches, monasteries and grand city house.
100 80
29.12% Migrant
15M
I n t r a mu r o s -H i s tor i ca l S i te
Issues
60
40
10M
1970
1980
1990
YEAR
2000
2010
2020
2030
Metro Manila Population, 2020
In f o r mal S e ttlement Typ ol ogy
35% of Total Population
Live in Informal Settlement
Dense settlement without regular pattern and with very
Access to Transportation
Access to Clean Water
Access of Good School
Poor Road Condition
Access to Sanitation Facilities
1960
Access to Health Facilities
1950
Natural Hazard
0M
Job opportunities offered in Manila had lead to overpopulation issues attracting large batch of immi-
Crime
70.88% Non-Migrant
5M
Threat of Eviction
20
The condition in informal settlement are congested, located in danger zone with little prevention to natural disaster, lacking of basic services and inconvenient access.
I n f o r ma l E c o n o my Makeshift Transport, Jeepney, car or truck.
Food Preparation, cook or chef.
Household Service Provider, laundry women or babysitter.
Small Scale Economic Ventures.
Church
Inner block settlements nested within formal units.
Historical Landmark
Casa Museum
Informal settlement along major waterways. Prone to flood during rain.
N a t io n a l H o u s in g A u t h o r it y Manila Bay
Linear along Rivers High Dense Grown along Mixed railways, Linear Linear along Railways typically with linear shape. Informal settlement refer to a group of people oppucy and area without legal tenure. The settlers are mostly the rural migrants who came to Manila for job and city inhabitants who are priced out from formal rental market.
An organization that help and well plan settlements for the homeless, marginalized and low-income families. Resettle families who live along and affected in danger zones. Program - Informal Settlers Families (ISFS) - Resettlement Programs - Emergency Housing Assistance Program (EHAP)
Museum
Manila Cathedral
Goverment building
Fort Santiago
C o n t r ib u t io n to Tour i s m
33.56% 2.12 Increase in Million Visitor
Foreign Visitor
S70.84% Revenue Target
Department of Tourism, 2019
Program of Intramuros to Become a “Sustainable Creative Urban Heritage District: - Preparation and Implementation of first Intramuros’ Conservation Management Plan (CMP) - Pedestrianization of Streets - Manila’s Tourism Circuit
GREY INFRASTRUCTURE
MANILA
Li n k a g e
T ransporta ti o n
G overn m en t ’s Initiatives “Build! Build! Build!” Infrastructure Plan (BBB)
Line 1 (Green Line) LRT Stations Line 2 (Blue Line) LRT Stations Ferry Stations
Lack of pedestrian infrastructure like pedestrian crossing
Port of Manila
Misuse of limited sidewalks for parking
Traffic volume exceeds the capacities of existing roads
Rail
Manila Bay Pasiq River
LRT Line 1 LRT Line 2 Highways
LRT (Line 1 & 2)
MRT (Line 3) 300,000 daily ridership
700,000 total daily ridership
Is su es
71% 2 nd $18m 257 h
Traffic Congestion Level 2019
Congestion World Rank
Productivity Loss
Hours wasted on commuting
Current transit map of Metro Manila
Not Flexible: Rail Transport only covers 79km in 4 different lines, with a total of only 3 interchange stations. Not much flexibility in travelling and does not connect to much areas with only 4 lines in the area of 651m².
Road-Based
(Source: TomTom)
D e nsi t y
79km
2.5m
4,508 vehicles per square kilometer
I m p a ct
Rail Coverage Capacity of 1.3m passengers per day
85%
Air Pollution from Traffic
57th
Air Pollution Rank (out of 98 countries) (Source: IQAir)
Private Transport 30% Public Transport 70% (Source: WorldBank)
Bus
Taxi
30-40 passengers
4-6 passsengers
Jeepney 20 passengers
Tricycle
5 passengers
Contribute To Congestion: 50% daily commuting trips are based on road-based public transport. Its low capacity takes up 78% of road areas. All are privately owned.
Water
Goal: Improve Infrastructure and reduce poverty, reduce congestion to encourage economic growth.
Roads network
To improve connectivity with surrounding areas and improve logistics. Metro Manila has only 1 km of road per 424 vehicles, road connectivity does not meet the demand. Eg. Bonifacio Global City-Ortigas Center Link Road will connect the CBD area to lifestyle and financial district.
Bridges
To connect both sides of Manila better as it is seperated by Pasiq River. Eg. Binondo–Intramuros Bridge which spans across Pasiq River, connect the heritage site to Chinatown, improve connection within city.
New lines of rail system A total of 12 stations along Pasiq River. Connected with Intramuros, it is a great option 150 for tourists to tour. It is also used to decrease passengers Manila traffic congestion.
Ferry
2 of the 7 new proposed lines arealready under construction, aim to have enough supply to ease the increasing demand and congestion. Eg. Line 9 (Metro Manila Subway) will connect multiple CBD areas and airports.
BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE
MANILA I s s ue s
St or m wat er m a n a geme nt
G o v e r n me n t I n it ia t iv e s
Poor sewer and pipeline connection
The Pasig River stretching for 25 km bisects the Manila into northern and southern halves. Tidal flow inwards into the land.
8%
85%
wastewater treated
Ilugin Sewage Treatment Plant serve the sub-catchment area of North and South Pasig. The sewerage system will serve close to 700,000 in terms of population once completed.
15%
groundwater contaminated
sewer network connection
15% of the total population is connected to a sewer network. The vast majority uses flush toilets connected to septic tanks. Pollution of Pasiq River
Pasig river unified monitoring stations
dissolve oxygen
Marikina North Disinfection Increase pipeline connection and desludged septic tanks within Pasiq city.
biooxgen demand
water treatment plant
2025 aim
Manila Bay River
Clogged by informal settlers
76% 1.1m 2.2B
-With an average of 28 Typhoons per year, exessive monsoon rain contributes to Urban Flood in Manila.
Schools & Universities
people affected
Area prone to flood
spend to recover per yr
-1st major activity to be implemented under the government's Master Plan
1
Increase pumping stations increase efficiency of discharging water during monsoon season.
-550m USD supported by Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. -Consist of 5 components. 8%
-Clogged waterways and drains and lacking of water outlets and pumping stations
Government buildings
M a n ila Flo o d M it ig a t io n P r o ject
I m pa c t
Cause:
river streams
Involve local communities for mass river cleaning, raising awareness and patrolling along Manila Bay.
Lake contamination and pollution contribute to the ecological environmental damage including wetlands along manila bay and degrade water consumption quality.
U r b a n Fl o o d
high flood risk
Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC)
Grade D harzard level before 2013
Drainage
less flood risk
Grade C
Pasiq River
Retention Pond
before Haiyan flood 2009
Manila Bay
Pasiq River
after Haiyan Flood 2009
Vulnerable communities At least 1.2 million people, including many informal settlers living near drains and waterways, these communities depend on government to recover from natural disasters.
3% 2%
35%
2
legislation means, improve water sanitation and waste collection service.
52%
3 waste management sanitation admistration social protection housing construction
Minimizing Waterways watsre
Participatory Resettlement Relocate informal settlers and ensure they have full access to facilities
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
MANILA P u b lic P a r ks
Gr e e n Zo n i ng
Arroceros Forest Park
15.1%
-City
Rizal Park -Rizal Park sits by the
goverment
Manila Bay on 140 acres
declared as permanent vegetations coverage
park that lost 70% of its
Total
year.
5m ²
Park, Plaza and Monuments
Out of 16 cities and one town in Metro Manila, the capital Manila suffers one of the biggest deficits, with only 140.4 ha green space in a total area of over 3,800 hectares. 100
in the world in term of anthropogenic heat and is 3rd highest number of deaths
due
to
1989
80
527 Trees of tree.
Narra, the country’s national
The Metro Manila Greenprint 2030: Build a Vision Goal: Enhancing connectivity among urban centers, and by selectively designating new urban centers as Metro Manila integrates with its peri-urban hinterland.
1999 2014
60
Simulated 2030
40
Master Plan 2030
20 0
Historical landmark in honor of the country’s national hero Dr. Jose Rizal in Spanish colonization period.
G o v e r n me n t in it ia t iv e s
2. Decreasing and sparse green cover-
-Manila had the ranked high
species as of 2015.
various species of birds.
Wild Vegetation
temperatures
3,497 trees with 112
fauna, 1411 trees and
Gated urban forest and dubbed as the “last lung of Manila”
spaces, lead to increased
-Rizal Park has a total of
abundance of flora and
Government not allow contruction that would destroy the forest park.
-Absence of green urban
parks in the Philippines.
-The park is home to
Manila Bay
1. Urban Heat Island
of the largest urban
once lush trees over the
of green space per person
I ssu es
(354 Rai) of land. It’s one
Built Up Area
Green Spaces
Waterbody
air-pollution-related causes. metro Manila
1989 Built up area
metro Manila
1999 Green spaces
metro Manila
2014 Water body
Resilient metropolis Improve mobility and accessibility, create a greener metropolis, provide affordable and accessible housing options for all socioeconomic classes, and improve resilience to natural disasters.
PHASE 2
Amsterdam-centrum
INTRODUCTION 813,562
AMSTERDAM
1 2 th
1st
Land U se
i n th e city limits
Wo r l d ’ s mo s t s u s ta i n a b l e c i ti es
h ea lt h , sa fety & sec u rit y
-Capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Bu ild in g F ootp r in t -Amsterdam is a highly residential city. Most of the city industry is connected to a channel which emerges to the North Sea.
IJ Bay IJ Bay
IJ Bay
-Publicly accessible terraced valley running along walkway and retails space,
69%
built area Area:
Built Space
219.6 km²
Open Space
Density (km²):
5239
Growth Rate:
0.76%
Residential
Offices
Commercial
Roads
Public Facilities
Farmland
Industrial
Parks or Green Space
CB D - Zuidas
-future the railway station -known as the 'Financial Mile' -Where multinational business located
B u ild in g Ty p e s Re s iden t ia l Most of the residential housings are apartment (Dutch Renaissan Style, harmonize with other buildings in Amsterdam).
R eli g i o u s Bu i l d i n g The beautiful churches serve as community gathering spaces and landmarks.
M u s eu m Museums play an important role in the art and culture aspect in Amsterdams. They evenly distributed in
H i s t o r i ca l B u i l d i n g Serves as the landmarks and tourist attractions in Amsterdam, however it blends well with the
RED INFRASTRUCTURE
Canal Ring, is the histotric waterway intersecting network through the city which developed during the 17 century, one of the main attraction in Amsterdam.
Use for recreational purpose and to attract tourist, canal tour and canal cruise.
Old City & Canal
Mixed Purpose
2015
2012
2014
2011
3.5
2013
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.7
2.4
1
The beautiful scenery of the old city, the heritage and canal ring and the wide range of cultural activities attracts lots of tourist to Amsterdam and tourism had become the main driving force to the economy in Amstersdam.
2017
Others
2016
GDP
2010
Event & Exhibition
11% In Total
2.2
3.1
3.8
2.8
2009
Accounts for Economy
10%
3%
Reclamation of land to facilitate trade and transportation of goods.
4.5% Tourism
2.7
2008
53%
2
2.0
2.6
2007
Now
Growth in Tourism
2.4
2006
34%
2.8
2005
Olden Days
4~5% Annual
18
Million Visitor per Year
3
2004
C an a l Rin g
4
Travel Purpose
2003
Amsterdam, known as City of Culture, one of the leading centre for culture in the Eupore. Known for its artistic heritage, museum, art galleries, threatres and concert halls.
C ul tu r e - To u r is m EMPLOYMENT (FTEs)
C i ty of Cu lt ur e
AMSTERDAM
Rijksmuseum’s Total Impact on Employment, 2003-2017
YEAR
Museum provides job in Facillities, Collection Management, conversation departments, renovation work and employment in the tourism sector. The amout of employment increase as the number of tourists increase.
Tourist Expenditure 3.8% Private house and workplace.
Transformed into hotels, restarants, galleries or preserved as museum. For example, Anna Frank House.
6.9%
Shopping & Entertainment
6.3%
Accommodation 29.0%
7.2%
Tourist Attraction
M use u ms, Ar t Galleries an d T hea ters
Theatre & Concert Transport & Parking
19.3% 27.5%
Rijks museum
Food & Drink
Others
Particularly in Rijksmuseum, half of the profit is earned from entrance fee while another half is from the cafe and museum shop.
IJ Bay
However, tourists’ total expenses are more than 10 times higher than the museum ticket or entrance fee.
Entrance Fee 20%
Cafe 51%
Museum Shop
29%
To u r is m - L o c a l C o m muni ty
1/3
rely on this addtional income
Million
1/7 of the local residents own an airbnb, and 1/3 of them rely on this additional income to make ends meet. Airbnb has boost the local economy by 380 million. Airbnb guests stay longer and spend more on the local businesses in the neighborhood where they stay.
22.6%
14M 77.4%
12M Airbnb Enters Amsterdam
10M
T our is m - E mp lo y me n t
S€ 380
8M 6M 4M
YEAR Museum Art Gallery
Royal Theater Carré
70
museums, art galleries and theaters.
Theater F&B
Hotels
Tourism also contributes to employment in Amsterdam. Tourism counts 11% of the total jobs in Amsterdam, which are around 69,200 jobs and half of the jobs are from restaurants and snack bar.
Other benefitting the local residents, the airbnb also diversify, disperse and increase the number of foreign tourist.
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Snack Bar
2M
2000
x 69,195
50%
1999
11%
1998
Restaurants
1997
VanGogh Museum
Foreign Tourists in Amsterdam
1/3
would not have come or stayed as long without airbnb
78%
airbnb experience - return to the city
GREY INFRASTRUCTURE
AMSTERDAM
G overn m en t ’s Initiatives
Cy c l ing N etw o rk 49m km
2010
881,000
442,693
bikes in Amsterdam
households
665,000
2015
trips made per day
increasing total annual distances covered by bicycles
Behaviours IJ
IJ Bay
14.33%
Bicycle Lane Network
66.67%
A total of 500km+ well connected, differentiated with red colour for safety 。
19%
Public Transport
Private Car
Bicycle
Bicycle Parking
(Source: Plan Amsterdam Magazine)
E l e c t ric Vehic les (EVs) De nsi t y
3,000
charging sessions
e
e
26m
emission-free km charged
Government took initiatives to install charging points first before any demand for EVs. This act boosted EVs sales afterwards。
2400 1600 800 0
40
2014
2015
2016
2017
20
(Source: Plan Amsterdam Magazine)
10 0
Energy released on evening
Registered Electric Vehicles (x1000)
30
EV charging Points
2018
More EVs sales when more charging points are installed 2015
2016
2017
2018
2022
2030 Goal: to eliminate negative environmental effect that motorised traffic caused, become 0 emission city by 2030
20,400+
EV owners and charging point users
Charging Points
Number of Charging Points
3200
IJ Bay
2022 (City Center)
Infrastructure
Behaviours IJ IJ Bay
Double decker to accomodate more bikes in less space, easily available. Streets also included bike parking.
469k
charging Points
2030
2025
Bicycle Parking
Amsterdam was a car-loving city in the 1950s. Until 1970, Amsterdam was congested with cars and lead to series of environmental issues. New traffic circulation plan introduced in 1978 to start turning the city into bike-friendly and ditched cars.
Bicycle Lane
Environmental Zones
76m km
Charge on daytime
Electric Supply EVs Demand
Extra Supply
Smart Grid
Ensure electricity supply is stable. Electromobility allows to store solar energy to later use it in the hours of low production。
Only electric/hydrogen engine public transport buses and private coaches will be allowed in city centre
2025 (Within A10 Ring Road)
+ goods and delivery vehicles, taxis be allowed inside the A10 ring road if they have 0 emission engines
2030 (Whole Amsterdam)
+ all forms of transports, including cars and motorbikes. Emission free in Amsterdam.
BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE
MANILA
F l ood Mi gi ta ti on- Del ta P r o g r a m The Delta Works were designed after the floods of 1953 to protect the province and the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta.
66%
out of 17m living in flood prone area
70 yrs
17 km
flood free since 1953
most extensive water engineering
-Windmills that pump water out of low areas and to reclaim land.
0-7m above above sea level
-Dikes are hills of sand in linear form that keep the water on the land side below the average level of the sea. -Dikes usually transform into parks as water reservoir or Wind pump stations.
1
3
podler & buffer
urban district
low leakage level due to flat terrain ( less pressure) & high mantainence
pumping stations
canal distrcit
pump dike
canal
podler dike
canal dike
podler dike
canal pump
canal dike
Amstel River
Hydro Urban Water Cycle
Sewage treatment plants Distributed at outer ring & Serve the sub-catchment area of North and South Pasig. The sewerage system will serve close to 700,000 in terms of population once completed.
Dune water machine Amsterdam
Pumping stations Pump station to collect water from Rhine River before sanitation process.
Rhine river
Natural sand filtration through :
1 River Bank 2 Pond filtration 3 Canal
Main Canal water treatment plant
compact city centre
Wa te r ma n a g e me n t s y s t e m
> 4%
Retention Pond
-most difficult to build and most expensive part of the Delta works（took more than a dacade).
2
IJ Bay
Amsterdam-centrum Amsterdam-centrum
-Storm surge barrier that go up to 9km long in total to control water flow into the city regin.
-utilising renewable energy to spin pump turbine
annual spend on water management
below sea level
2- Scheldt Surge Barrier
1- Water pump wind turbine
7m $
3- Dike & Podlers
AMSTERDAM
Natural Infiltration that utilize pressure difference, gravity and soil composition as natural filter. Rainwater can flow horizontally, resulting in an inflow into surface water, or vertically upwards (seepage) or down (percolation). Eventually all water, whether through rivers or soil, is expelled into the ocean, where it again evaporates and the cycle restart.
windmills drive evaporation
underground
Re-use rainwater Visible water system Infiltration
2/3 of serving water depends on underground infiltration system
housing infiltratiion
Pump station Rhine river
sand filter
pumps disinfection station
groundwater
resevoir
natural process and location characteristics of Urban Water Cycle
1
3
2
3
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE G r e e n s pa c e zon i n g
AMSTERDAM
Gree n buffer z o n e- A m s tels c h eg
G o ver n m en t’ s I n it i a t i v e s
IJ Bay
Land-based dairy farming in polder Meadow bird reserve
Nature inclusive dairy farming with pressure drainage Retention basin with wet crops and nature
Farming Landscape
City park
Cemetery
Corridor
Ecological structure
Urban Garden
Curious
Amsterdam has invested significantly larger sums in green infrastructure than before.
800 700 600 500
Relative growth of green infrastucture in the city since 1931 in comparison to the growth of the population.
400 300 200 100 0
1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2015 2030 2040
Green infrastructure Green spaces Population growth
Around 13% of the city’s surface area is made of green space.
Area of existing forest anually captures half of amount of the CO2 emmisions in the open
The approach to subsidence is used for an accelerated transition from daily farming to nature-inclusive circular argiculture.
Issues 1 2 3 4 5
The potential future main green structure comprising a vontinuous network of green and blue spaces. Green Network is introduced for a grid of comfortable cycling routes surrounded by “greeneries” Open up semi-public green areas such as sport parks, allotment gardens and cemeteries to make more accessible to general public
Biodiversity Densifiying City
Population growth
Risk Index
Green Structural Vision 2040
5000
IJ Bay
new homes will be added to the housing stock in the existing urban area, leading to an estimated rise in population
2025.
of
18%
by
Amsterdam will therefore invest in the perception and usability of green in and around the city.
Turn 4% of available flat roof space into green spaces and make these publicily accessible.
Urban nature designed for humans also benifits animals, providing them with food and shelter.
PHASE 3
Proposal 1
Implement sustainable transportation and networking
2 Improve living standards of informal 3 Implement drainage networking and
settlement ood dike
IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION & NETWORKING Prposed N e t w o r kin g
C om pari so n Traffic Congestion Level 2019
Manila Amsterdam
Pollution Index 2020
LRT Line 1
Government’s Initiatives
89.79 31.88
LRT Line 2 Line 1 (Green Line) LRT Station
Large Scale ‘BBB’ Project
Line 2 (Blue Line) LRT Station
Smaller scale projects: Cycling Network, EVs
Interchange Station
Numbeo 2020
8
TomTom 2020
Existing
8
71% 26%
PROPOSAL
Pr o p o se d S cheme Str ategy
Intramuros Heritage Site BASECO
Aim: To reduce traffic congestion & air pollution, creating a better transportation network to boost economy
Green Area
1- Reform Transportation Network
Integration of Rail Public Transport, Bicycles and Jeepneys
Proposed
Proposed Cycling Lane Network Concentrate around rail stations and landmarks, increase conenctivity to surrounding areas and promote less car usage.
Bicycle Lane
Manila Bay
Bicycle Parking
Pasiq River
Jeepney The cultural significant jeepney currently has no fixed efficient path. Using jeepney as feeder service to rail stations can utilise public transport betetr and to preserve history.
LRT/MRT
If bicycles and better public transport system are widely used, cars on road will decrease. Removal of car parkings and roads can make space for new open green areas.
2- Promote Electric Vehicles Usage (EVs) Take initiatives to install enough EVs infrastructures, such as charging points around the city to encourage people to use electric vehicles.
Charging Points Infrastructure
Boost in EVs usage
Map of Integration of Existing & Proposed Infrastructures
Electric Charging Points for Electric Vehicles
Manila’s existing transportation and large scale future plans + Amsterdam smaller scale solutions, Manila’s transport infrastructure will be become more integrated, Bike lanes take less space and all green areas can be linked via cycling lanes to promote greeneries.
IMPROVE LIVING STANDARDS OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENT P ropos ed Schem e Stra t e g y
C o m p ari so n
Amsterdam Amsterdam with its strong cultural identity had boosted its tourism, economy, bring beneďŹ t to the local community.
PROPOSAL
2- New linkage to Tourist attraction
Manila Intramuros has the potential to improve the quality of living of informal settlement that reside near to Intramuros.
S c h e me fo cus area- BASECO
4- Building Planning
inframarous
Baseco
Exi
stin
Existing Entry Road
Public Space
New Connection
Services
New Ferry Terminal
Current Baseco is only connected by one narrow road. For the ease of accessibility for both residents and tourists, more entrance and connection are proposed.
Baseco, a island housing over 60,000 informal settlers.
3- Formalized Public Services
New ferry terminals to connect Baseco with the current ferry service at Pasig River.
More public spaces and buildings, including Livelihood centre, market, space for urban farming, evenly distributed on the site.
Pro
g
po
sed
To create better neighborhood area with widened backyard and green public space in between. Create a comfortable human scale shared space and less compact environment.
Available land is used for sewage treatment and water pumping station.
Livelihood Centre
1-Instill Identity
- To foster commercial activities.
Residential - Cluster organization with green space.
Compact Living
Baseco Beach
Commercial
- Restaurants, convenient stores, sari-sari stores.
Street food
Street Food
Handicraft
Increase exposure of locals residents to the outside visitor. Locality as the signiďŹ cant characteristics. Develop in tourism to form a self sustain community.
Urban Farming - Self- sustain economy.
- To attract tourist.
IMPLEMENT DRAINAGE SYSTEM & FLOOD DIKE C o m p ari so n
P ropos ed Dra i na ge Schem e Stra tegy
Manila
Amsterdam
Drainage & sewer system septic tanks and latrines
28%
latrines and others
sewer connection
13.8%
14.5%
sewer connection
septic tanks and latrines
72%
71.1%
Waternet 2018
2- Lagoons and wetlands as natural absorber
Revitalise mangroove area and intergrate lagoons slow water flow during times of heavy rain and provide filtration of contaminated rainwater runoff .
1-increase undergroud drainage network
Manila water 2015
Bay’s flood barrier
Manila Bay
-Flood dikes to keep the canal water level stable & Storm surge barrier that flow into the city regin.
-Current Manila bay without flood barrier, lacking of vegetation to filter strong monsoon wind.
Transform Abandoned empty lands to water retention lagoons
Formalized drainage with systematic underground pipes networking. By directing water into Semi-permeable street pavers slow and store water during periods of heavy rain and runoff prior to it entering Manila Bay.
IJ Bay
PROPOSAL
Revitalizing polluted mangroove forest as natural filtration Mangrove area mangroove filtration
Street drain flow
wetlands
Lagoon area
semi-permeable street
Lagoon rentention
underground pipe
manila bay
3. Dike as Public Green Space & Flood Barrier Public green space increase social connectivity
Dike as flood barrier, elevated land and streets
Dike Park
Green street linkage
Mangrove forest Manila Bay
P ROP OSAL
Vegetation and mangroove wetland filter monsoon rainstorm
Dike
Poposed Scheme axonometric section
Lagoon Park
CONCLUSION
Infrastructure G ov ernm ent s tra tegi es f or V ul nera bl e C om m uni ti es More inclusive Urban Plans to support and inprove basc services for slum communities.
S e lf s u s t a in e c o n o my Provide job opprtunitise and prioritise potential of tourism economy income.
P rev ent & P repa re
P r io r t is e & f o r ma lis e d r a in a g e n e t w or k
Prioritise ood migitation to prepare for inevitable natural disaster instead of ways to recover from damage.
Access coverage of formal sewage system improves lliving quality and prevent urban ood.
C onnecti v i ty
I n t e r g r a t e G r e e n Tr a n s p o r t a t io n
Transportation linkage can enhance linkage between cities lead to economic potential.
Promote transportation that uses renewable enrgy such as electric cars and bycicle.
Li nk a ge betw een green s pa c e
E x p a n s io n
Public Green space improve social connectivity.
Green coverage of city should be well allocted in urban plan.
REFERENCE LIST 1. https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/manila-population/ 2. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/564861506978931790/Navigating-Informality-Metro-Manila-7-26-17web.pdf 3. https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/10/04/2-12-million-tourists-visited-walled-city-of-intramuros-in-1st-semester-of-2019/ 4. https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/multimedia/slideshow/08/03/19/saving-arroceros-park-isko-plans-to-expand-manilas-green-ledgi 5. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22824 6. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1077963 7. http://sg.siemens.com/city_of_the_future/_docs/Asian-Green-City-Index.pdf 8. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22824 9. https://www.interaksyon.com/trends-spotlights/2019/09/12/154749/green-spaces-parks-metro-manila/ 10. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1133654/metro-manilas-green-spaces-continue-to-shrink 11. https://issuu.com/gemeenteamsterdam/docs/planam-03-2017-eng?e=19262377%2F55651571 12. https://due-parsons.github.io/methods3-fall2018/projects/mapping-environmental-injustice-in-amsterdam/ 13.http://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/data/of-public-green-space-parks-and-gardens 14. https://vista.nl/en/mies_portfolio/amstelscheg/ 15. https://maps.amsterdam.nl/hoofdgroenstructuur/?LANG=en 16. https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2019-0021.pdf 17. https://www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/Amsterdam-Policy-Highlights-EN.pdf 18. https://issuu.com/lichenyantom/docs/ďŹ nal_thesis_paper_chenyanli_05042020 19. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847372.pdf 20. https://www.airbnbcitizen.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/AmsterdamDataRelease.pdf 21.https://www.travelguideline.net/exploring-amsterdams-canal-ring.html