Sustainable Living- Sustainable system in a city

PROJECT 1

Sustainable system in a city

Cheah Chenxi 0332498 Goay Chin Theng 0332644 Ang Jia Qin 0331998 Chang Au Siong 0334216

PHILIPPINES

ARC 61704

NETHERLANDS

Sustainable Living

PHASE 1

Manila

INTRODUCTION

MANILA

1.78m

Wo r l d ’ s mo s t o v er p o p u l a ted c i ti es

La n d U se

9 5 th

Wo r l d ’ s l ea s t s u s ta i n a b l e c i ti es

Urban Bloc k -Irregular sprawl without clear grids, massing form within boundary of nearby riverstreams.

-The hierachical grid dissolves into an irregular grid form that quickly dissolves in to a tree form cluster.

Manila Bay Manila Bay

Area:

42.88 km² Density (km²):

324707

Growth Rate:

1.60%

High Intensity Residential Zone

Light Intesity Industrial Zone

Medium Intensity Commercial Zone

Medium Intesity Industrial Zone

High Intensity Commercial Zone

Transportation & Utilities Zone

Institutional Zone

Cultural Zone

Parks & Recreation Zone

Area for Priority Development

CB D - M akat i -financial center of the Philippines -international corperate ,foreign embassies focused -biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange

B u ild in g Ty p e s Res ide ntial With highly dense population, most of the residential housings are the apartment.

Ta llest Bu ild in g The tallest building in Manila is a high rise residential skyscaper, named as Grand Riveria Suites.

Go v er n m en t Bu i l d i n g Most of the government buildings are located at Ermita, a district that serve as the civic centre.

H i s to r i c a l Bu i l d i n g mainly preserve d since Spanish Colonial

Religious Building Christian and Catholic focused city

RED INFRASTRUCTURE Popu l at io n Gr owth

MANILA

Residency Status in Manila

20M

42,857 people per kilometer, Manila

Intramuros, known as “the walled city”, an ancient district in Manila, filled with historical landmarks like churches, monasteries and grand city house.

100 80

29.12% Migrant

15M

I n t r a mu r o s -H i s tor i ca l S i te

Issues

60

40

10M

1970

1980

1990

YEAR

2000

2010

2020

2030

Metro Manila Population, 2020

In f o r mal S e ttlement Typ ol ogy

35% of Total Population

Live in Informal Settlement

Dense settlement without regular pattern and with very

Access to Transportation

Access to Clean Water

Access of Good School

Poor Road Condition

Access to Sanitation Facilities

1960

Access to Health Facilities

1950

Natural Hazard

0M

Job opportunities offered in Manila had lead to overpopulation issues attracting large batch of immi-

Crime

70.88% Non-Migrant

5M

Threat of Eviction

20

The condition in informal settlement are congested, located in danger zone with little prevention to natural disaster, lacking of basic services and inconvenient access.

I n f o r ma l E c o n o my Makeshift Transport, Jeepney, car or truck.

Food Preparation, cook or chef.

Household Service Provider, laundry women or babysitter.

Small Scale Economic Ventures.

Church

Inner block settlements nested within formal units.

Historical Landmark

Casa Museum

Informal settlement along major waterways.

Prone to flood during rain.

N a t io n a l H o u s in g A u t h o r it y Manila Bay

Linear along Rivers High Dense Grown along Mixed railways, Linear Linear along Railways typically with linear shape. Informal settlement refer to a group of people oppucy and area without legal tenure. The settlers are mostly the rural migrants who came to Manila for job and city inhabitants who are priced out from formal rental market.

An organization that help and well plan settlements for the homeless, marginalized and low-income families. Resettle families who live along and affected in danger zones.

Program - Informal Settlers Families (ISFS) - Resettlement Programs - Emergency Housing Assistance Program (EHAP)

Museum

Manila Cathedral

Goverment building

Fort Santiago

C o n t r ib u t io n to Tour i s m

33.56% 2.12 Increase in Million Visitor

Foreign Visitor

S70.84% Revenue Target

Department of Tourism, 2019

Program of Intramuros to Become a “Sustainable Creative Urban Heritage District: - Preparation and Implementation of first Intramuros’ Conservation Management Plan (CMP) - Pedestrianization of Streets - Manila’s Tourism Circuit

GREY INFRASTRUCTURE

MANILA

Li n k a g e

T ransporta ti o n

G overn m en t ’s Initiatives “Build! Build! Build!” Infrastructure Plan (BBB)

Line 1 (Green Line) LRT Stations Line 2 (Blue Line) LRT Stations Ferry Stations

Lack of pedestrian infrastructure like pedestrian crossing

Port of Manila

Misuse of limited sidewalks for parking

Traffic volume exceeds the capacities of existing roads

Rail

Manila Bay Pasiq River

LRT Line 1 LRT Line 2 Highways

LRT (Line 1 & 2)

MRT (Line 3) 300,000 daily ridership

700,000 total daily ridership

Is su es

71% 2 nd $18m 257 h

Traffic Congestion Level 2019

Congestion World Rank

Productivity Loss

Hours wasted on commuting

Current transit map of Metro Manila

Not Flexible: Rail Transport only covers 79km in 4 different lines, with a total of only 3 interchange stations. Not much flexibility in travelling and does not connect to much areas with only 4 lines in the area of 651m².

Road-Based

(Source: TomTom)

D e nsi t y

79km

2.5m

4,508 vehicles per square kilometer

I m p a ct

Rail Coverage Capacity of 1.3m passengers per day

85%

Air Pollution from Traffic

57th

Air Pollution Rank (out of 98 countries) (Source: IQAir)

Private Transport 30% Public Transport 70% (Source: WorldBank)

Bus

Taxi

30-40 passengers

4-6 passsengers

Jeepney 20 passengers

Tricycle

5 passengers

Contribute To Congestion: 50% daily commuting trips are based on road-based public transport. Its low capacity takes up 78% of road areas. All are privately owned.

Water

Goal: Improve Infrastructure and reduce poverty, reduce congestion to encourage economic growth.

Roads network

To improve connectivity with surrounding areas and improve logistics. Metro Manila has only 1 km of road per 424 vehicles, road connectivity does not meet the demand. Eg. Bonifacio Global City-Ortigas Center Link Road will connect the CBD area to lifestyle and financial district.

Bridges

To connect both sides of Manila better as it is seperated by Pasiq River. Eg. Binondo–Intramuros Bridge which spans across Pasiq River, connect the heritage site to Chinatown, improve connection within city.

New lines of rail system A total of 12 stations along Pasiq River. Connected with Intramuros, it is a great option 150 for tourists to tour. It is also used to decrease passengers Manila traffic congestion.

Ferry

2 of the 7 new proposed lines arealready under construction, aim to have enough supply to ease the increasing demand and congestion.

Eg. Line 9 (Metro Manila Subway) will connect multiple CBD areas and airports.

BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE

MANILA I s s ue s

St or m wat er m a n a geme nt

G o v e r n me n t I n it ia t iv e s

Poor sewer and pipeline connection

The Pasig River stretching for 25 km bisects the Manila into northern and southern halves. Tidal flow inwards into the land.

8%

85%

wastewater treated

Ilugin Sewage Treatment Plant serve the sub-catchment area of North and South Pasig. The sewerage system will serve close to 700,000 in terms of population once completed.

15%

groundwater contaminated

sewer network connection

15% of the total population is connected to a sewer network. The vast majority uses flush toilets connected to septic tanks.

Pollution of Pasiq River

Pasig river unified monitoring stations

dissolve oxygen

Marikina North Disinfection Increase pipeline connection and desludged septic tanks within Pasiq city.

biooxgen demand

water treatment plant

2025 aim

Manila Bay River

Clogged by informal settlers

76% 1.1m 2.2B

-With an average of 28 Typhoons per year, exessive monsoon rain contributes to Urban Flood in Manila.

Schools & Universities

people affected

Area prone to flood

spend to recover per yr

-1st major activity to be implemented under the government's Master Plan

1

Increase pumping stations increase efficiency of discharging water during monsoon season.

-550m USD supported by Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

-Consist of 5 components.

8%

-Clogged waterways and drains and lacking of water outlets and pumping stations

Government buildings

M a n ila Flo o d M it ig a t io n P r o ject

I m pa c t

Cause:

river streams

Involve local communities for mass river cleaning, raising awareness and patrolling along Manila Bay.

Lake contamination and pollution contribute to the ecological environmental damage including wetlands along manila bay and degrade water consumption quality.

U r b a n Fl o o d

high flood risk

Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC)

Grade D harzard level before 2013

Drainage

less flood risk

Grade C

Pasiq River

Retention Pond

before Haiyan flood 2009

Manila Bay

Pasiq River

after Haiyan Flood 2009

Vulnerable communities At least 1.2 million people, including many informal settlers living near drains and waterways, these communities depend on government to recover from natural disasters.

3% 2%

35%

2

legislation means, improve water sanitation and waste collection service.

52%

3 waste management sanitation admistration social protection housing construction

Minimizing Waterways watsre

Participatory Resettlement Relocate informal settlers and ensure they have full access to facilities

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

MANILA P u b lic P a r ks

Gr e e n Zo n i ng

Arroceros Forest Park

15.1%

-City

Rizal Park -Rizal Park sits by the

goverment

Manila Bay on 140 acres

declared as permanent vegetations coverage

park that lost 70% of its

Total

year.

5m ²

Park, Plaza and Monuments

Out of 16 cities and one town in Metro Manila, the capital Manila suffers one of the biggest deficits, with only 140.4 ha green space in a total area of over 3,800 hectares.

100

in the world in term of anthropogenic heat and is 3rd highest number of deaths

due

to

1989

80

527 Trees of tree.

Narra, the country’s national

The Metro Manila Greenprint 2030: Build a Vision Goal: Enhancing connectivity among urban centers, and by selectively designating new urban centers as Metro Manila integrates with its peri-urban hinterland.

1999 2014

60

Simulated 2030

40

Master Plan 2030

20 0

Historical landmark in honor of the country’s national hero Dr. Jose Rizal in Spanish colonization period.

G o v e r n me n t in it ia t iv e s

2. Decreasing and sparse green cover-

-Manila had the ranked high

species as of 2015.

various species of birds.

Wild Vegetation

temperatures

3,497 trees with 112

fauna, 1411 trees and

Gated urban forest and dubbed as the “last lung of Manila”

spaces, lead to increased

-Rizal Park has a total of

abundance of flora and

Government not allow contruction that would destroy the forest park.

-Absence of green urban

parks in the Philippines.

-The park is home to

Manila Bay

1. Urban Heat Island

of the largest urban

once lush trees over the

of green space per person

I ssu es

(354 Rai) of land. It’s one

Built Up Area

Green Spaces

Waterbody

air-pollution-related causes. metro Manila

1989 Built up area

metro Manila

1999 Green spaces

metro Manila

2014 Water body

Resilient metropolis Improve mobility and accessibility, create a greener metropolis, provide affordable and accessible housing options for all socioeconomic classes, and improve resilience to natural disasters.

PHASE 2

Amsterdam-centrum

INTRODUCTION 813,562

AMSTERDAM

1 2 th

1st

Land U se

i n th e city limits

Wo r l d ’ s mo s t s u s ta i n a b l e c i ti es

h ea lt h , sa fety & sec u rit y

-Capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Bu ild in g F ootp r in t -Amsterdam is a highly residential city. Most of the city industry is connected to a channel which emerges to the North Sea.

IJ Bay IJ Bay

IJ Bay

-Publicly accessible terraced valley running along walkway and retails space,

69%

built area Area:

Built Space

219.6 km²

Open Space

Density (km²):

5239

Growth Rate:

0.76%

Residential

Offices

Commercial

Roads

Public Facilities

Farmland

Industrial

Parks or Green Space

CB D - Zuidas

-future the railway station -known as the 'Financial Mile' -Where multinational business located

B u ild in g Ty p e s Re s iden t ia l Most of the residential housings are apartment (Dutch Renaissan Style, harmonize with other buildings in Amsterdam).

R eli g i o u s Bu i l d i n g The beautiful churches serve as community gathering spaces and landmarks.

M u s eu m Museums play an important role in the art and culture aspect in Amsterdams.

They evenly distributed in

H i s t o r i ca l B u i l d i n g Serves as the landmarks and tourist attractions in Amsterdam, however it blends well with the

RED INFRASTRUCTURE

Canal Ring, is the histotric waterway intersecting network through the city which developed during the 17 century, one of the main attraction in Amsterdam.

Use for recreational purpose and to attract tourist, canal tour and canal cruise.

Old City & Canal

Mixed Purpose

2015

2012

2014

2011

3.5

2013

3.2

3.6

3.6

3.7

2.4

1

The beautiful scenery of the old city, the heritage and canal ring and the wide range of cultural activities attracts lots of tourist to Amsterdam and tourism had become the main driving force to the economy in Amstersdam.

2017

Others

2016

GDP

2010

Event & Exhibition

11% In Total

2.2

3.1

3.8

2.8

2009

Accounts for Economy

10%

3%

Reclamation of land to facilitate trade and transportation of goods.

4.5% Tourism

2.7

2008

53%

2

2.0

2.6

2007

Now

Growth in Tourism

2.4

2006

34%

2.8

2005

Olden Days

4~5% Annual

18

Million Visitor per Year

3

2004

C an a l Rin g

4

Travel Purpose

2003

Amsterdam, known as City of Culture, one of the leading centre for culture in the Eupore. Known for its artistic heritage, museum, art galleries, threatres and concert halls.

C ul tu r e - To u r is m EMPLOYMENT (FTEs)

C i ty of Cu lt ur e

AMSTERDAM

Rijksmuseum’s Total Impact on Employment, 2003-2017

YEAR

Museum provides job in Facillities, Collection Management, conversation departments, renovation work and employment in the tourism sector. The amout of employment increase as the number of tourists increase.

Tourist Expenditure 3.8% Private house and workplace.

Transformed into hotels, restarants, galleries or preserved as museum. For example, Anna Frank House.

6.9%

Shopping & Entertainment

6.3%

Accommodation 29.0%

7.2%

Tourist Attraction

M use u ms, Ar t Galleries an d T hea ters

Theatre & Concert Transport & Parking

19.3% 27.5%

Rijks museum

Food & Drink

Others

Particularly in Rijksmuseum, half of the profit is earned from entrance fee while another half is from the cafe and museum shop.

IJ Bay

However, tourists’ total expenses are more than 10 times higher than the museum ticket or entrance fee.

Entrance Fee 20%

Cafe 51%

Museum Shop

29%

To u r is m - L o c a l C o m muni ty

1/3

rely on this addtional income

Million

1/7 of the local residents own an airbnb, and 1/3 of them rely on this additional income to make ends meet. Airbnb has boost the local economy by 380 million.

Airbnb guests stay longer and spend more on the local businesses in the neighborhood where they stay.

22.6%

14M 77.4%

12M Airbnb Enters Amsterdam

10M

T our is m - E mp lo y me n t

S€ 380

8M 6M 4M

YEAR Museum Art Gallery

Royal Theater Carré

70

museums, art galleries and theaters.

Theater F&B

Hotels

Tourism also contributes to employment in Amsterdam.

Tourism counts 11% of the total jobs in Amsterdam, which are around 69,200 jobs and half of the jobs are from restaurants and snack bar.

Other benefitting the local residents, the airbnb also diversify, disperse and increase the number of foreign tourist.

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

Snack Bar

2M

2000

x 69,195

50%

1999

11%

1998

Restaurants

1997

VanGogh Museum

Foreign Tourists in Amsterdam

1/3

would not have come or stayed as long without airbnb

78%

airbnb experience - return to the city

GREY INFRASTRUCTURE

AMSTERDAM

G overn m en t ’s Initiatives

Cy c l ing N etw o rk 49m km

2010

881,000

442,693

bikes in Amsterdam

households

665,000

2015

trips made per day

increasing total annual distances covered by bicycles

Behaviours IJ

IJ Bay

14.33%

Bicycle Lane Network

66.67%

A total of 500km+ well connected, differentiated with red colour for safety 。

19%

Public Transport

Private Car

Bicycle

Bicycle Parking

(Source: Plan Amsterdam Magazine)

E l e c t ric Vehic les (EVs) De nsi t y

3,000

charging sessions

e

e

26m

emission-free km charged

Government took initiatives to install charging points first before any demand for EVs. This act boosted EVs sales afterwards。

2400 1600 800 0

40

2014

2015

2016

2017

20

(Source: Plan Amsterdam Magazine)

10 0

Energy released on evening

Registered Electric Vehicles (x1000)

30

EV charging Points

2018

More EVs sales when more charging points are installed 2015

2016

2017

2018

2022

2030 Goal: to eliminate negative environmental effect that motorised traffic caused, become 0 emission city by 2030

20,400+

EV owners and charging point users

Charging Points

Number of Charging Points

3200

IJ Bay

2022 (City Center)

Infrastructure

Behaviours IJ IJ Bay

Double decker to accomodate more bikes in less space, easily available.

Streets also included bike parking.

469k

charging Points

2030

2025

Bicycle Parking

Amsterdam was a car-loving city in the 1950s. Until 1970, Amsterdam was congested with cars and lead to series of environmental issues. New traffic circulation plan introduced in 1978 to start turning the city into bike-friendly and ditched cars.

Bicycle Lane

Environmental Zones

76m km

Charge on daytime

Electric Supply EVs Demand

Extra Supply

Smart Grid

Ensure electricity supply is stable.

Electromobility allows to store solar energy to later use it in the hours of low production。

Only electric/hydrogen engine public transport buses and private coaches will be allowed in city centre

2025 (Within A10 Ring Road)

+ goods and delivery vehicles, taxis be allowed inside the A10 ring road if they have 0 emission engines

2030 (Whole Amsterdam)

+ all forms of transports, including cars and motorbikes.

Emission free in Amsterdam.

BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE

MANILA

F l ood Mi gi ta ti on- Del ta P r o g r a m The Delta Works were designed after the floods of 1953 to protect the province and the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta.

66%

out of 17m living in flood prone area

70 yrs

17 km

flood free since 1953

most extensive water engineering

-Windmills that pump water out of low areas and to reclaim land.

0-7m above above sea level

-Dikes are hills of sand in linear form that keep the water on the land side below the average level of the sea.

-Dikes usually transform into parks as water reservoir or Wind pump stations.

1

3

podler & buffer

urban district

low leakage level due to flat terrain ( less pressure) & high mantainence

pumping stations

canal distrcit

pump dike

canal

podler dike

canal dike

podler dike

canal pump

canal dike

Amstel River

Hydro Urban Water Cycle

Sewage treatment plants Distributed at outer ring & Serve the sub-catchment area of North and South Pasig. The sewerage system will serve close to 700,000 in terms of population once completed.

Dune water machine Amsterdam

Pumping stations Pump station to collect water from Rhine River before sanitation process.

Rhine river

Natural sand filtration through :

1 River Bank 2 Pond filtration 3 Canal

Main Canal water treatment plant

compact city centre

Wa te r ma n a g e me n t s y s t e m

> 4%

Retention Pond

-most difficult to build and most expensive part of the Delta works（took more than a dacade).

2

IJ Bay

Amsterdam-centrum Amsterdam-centrum

-Storm surge barrier that go up to 9km long in total to control water flow into the city regin.

-utilising renewable energy to spin pump turbine

annual spend on water management

below sea level

2- Scheldt Surge Barrier

1- Water pump wind turbine

7m $

3- Dike & Podlers

AMSTERDAM

Natural Infiltration that utilize pressure difference, gravity and soil composition as natural filter. Rainwater can flow horizontally, resulting in an inflow into surface water, or vertically upwards (seepage) or down (percolation). Eventually all water, whether through rivers or soil, is expelled into the ocean, where it again evaporates and the cycle restart.

windmills drive evaporation

underground

Re-use rainwater Visible water system Infiltration

2/3 of serving water depends on underground infiltration system

housing infiltratiion

Pump station Rhine river

sand filter

pumps disinfection station

groundwater

resevoir

natural process and location characteristics of Urban Water Cycle

1

3

2

3

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE G r e e n s pa c e zon i n g

AMSTERDAM

Gree n buffer z o n e- A m s tels c h eg

G o ver n m en t’ s I n it i a t i v e s

IJ Bay

Land-based dairy farming in polder Meadow bird reserve

Nature inclusive dairy farming with pressure drainage Retention basin with wet crops and nature

Farming Landscape

City park

Cemetery

Corridor

Ecological structure

Urban Garden

Curious

Amsterdam has invested significantly larger sums in green infrastructure than before.

800 700 600 500

Relative growth of green infrastucture in the city since 1931 in comparison to the growth of the population.

400 300 200 100 0

1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2015 2030 2040

Green infrastructure Green spaces Population growth

Around 13% of the city’s surface area is made of green space.

Area of existing forest anually captures half of amount of the CO2 emmisions in the open

The approach to subsidence is used for an accelerated transition from daily farming to nature-inclusive circular argiculture.

Issues 1 2 3 4 5

The potential future main green structure comprising a vontinuous network of green and blue spaces. Green Network is introduced for a grid of comfortable cycling routes surrounded by “greeneries” Open up semi-public green areas such as sport parks, allotment gardens and cemeteries to make more accessible to general public

Biodiversity Densifiying City

Population growth

Risk Index

Green Structural Vision 2040

5000

IJ Bay

new homes will be added to the housing stock in the existing urban area, leading to an estimated rise in population

2025.

of

18%

by

Amsterdam will therefore invest in the perception and usability of green in and around the city.

Turn 4% of available flat roof space into green spaces and make these publicily accessible.

Urban nature designed for humans also benifits animals, providing them with food and shelter.

PHASE 3

Proposal 1

Implement sustainable transportation and networking

2 Improve living standards of informal 3 Implement drainage networking and

settlement ood dike

IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION & NETWORKING Prposed N e t w o r kin g

C om pari so n Traffic Congestion Level 2019

Manila Amsterdam

Pollution Index 2020

LRT Line 1

Government’s Initiatives

89.79 31.88

LRT Line 2 Line 1 (Green Line) LRT Station

Large Scale ‘BBB’ Project

Line 2 (Blue Line) LRT Station

Smaller scale projects: Cycling Network, EVs

Interchange Station

Numbeo 2020

8

TomTom 2020

Existing

8

71% 26%

PROPOSAL

Pr o p o se d S cheme Str ategy

Intramuros Heritage Site BASECO

Aim: To reduce traffic congestion & air pollution, creating a better transportation network to boost economy

Green Area

1- Reform Transportation Network

Integration of Rail Public Transport, Bicycles and Jeepneys

Proposed

Proposed Cycling Lane Network Concentrate around rail stations and landmarks, increase conenctivity to surrounding areas and promote less car usage.

Bicycle Lane

Manila Bay

Bicycle Parking

Pasiq River

Jeepney The cultural significant jeepney currently has no fixed efficient path.

Using jeepney as feeder service to rail stations can utilise public transport betetr and to preserve history.

LRT/MRT

If bicycles and better public transport system are widely used, cars on road will decrease.

Removal of car parkings and roads can make space for new open green areas.

2- Promote Electric Vehicles Usage (EVs) Take initiatives to install enough EVs infrastructures, such as charging points around the city to encourage people to use electric vehicles.

Charging Points Infrastructure

Boost in EVs usage

Map of Integration of Existing & Proposed Infrastructures

Electric Charging Points for Electric Vehicles

Manila’s existing transportation and large scale future plans + Amsterdam smaller scale solutions, Manila’s transport infrastructure will be become more integrated, Bike lanes take less space and all green areas can be linked via cycling lanes to promote greeneries.

IMPROVE LIVING STANDARDS OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENT P ropos ed Schem e Stra t e g y

C o m p ari so n

Amsterdam Amsterdam with its strong cultural identity had boosted its tourism, economy, bring beneďŹ t to the local community.

PROPOSAL

2- New linkage to Tourist attraction

Manila Intramuros has the potential to improve the quality of living of informal settlement that reside near to Intramuros.

S c h e me fo cus area- BASECO

4- Building Planning

inframarous

Baseco

Exi

stin

Existing Entry Road

Public Space

New Connection

Services

New Ferry Terminal

Current Baseco is only connected by one narrow road.

For the ease of accessibility for both residents and tourists, more entrance and connection are proposed.

Baseco, a island housing over 60,000 informal settlers.

3- Formalized Public Services

New ferry terminals to connect Baseco with the current ferry service at Pasig River.

More public spaces and buildings, including Livelihood centre, market, space for urban farming, evenly distributed on the site.

Pro

g

po

sed

To create better neighborhood area with widened backyard and green public space in between. Create a comfortable human scale shared space and less compact environment.

Available land is used for sewage treatment and water pumping station.

Livelihood Centre

1-Instill Identity

- To foster commercial activities.

Residential - Cluster organization with green space.

Compact Living

Baseco Beach

Commercial

- Restaurants, convenient stores, sari-sari stores.

Street food

Street Food

Handicraft

Increase exposure of locals residents to the outside visitor. Locality as the signiďŹ cant characteristics. Develop in tourism to form a self sustain community.

Urban Farming - Self- sustain economy.

- To attract tourist.

IMPLEMENT DRAINAGE SYSTEM & FLOOD DIKE C o m p ari so n

P ropos ed Dra i na ge Schem e Stra tegy

Manila

Amsterdam

Drainage & sewer system septic tanks and latrines

28%

latrines and others

sewer connection

13.8%

14.5%

sewer connection

septic tanks and latrines

72%

71.1%

Waternet 2018

2- Lagoons and wetlands as natural absorber

Revitalise mangroove area and intergrate lagoons slow water flow during times of heavy rain and provide filtration of contaminated rainwater runoff .

1-increase undergroud drainage network

Manila water 2015

Bay’s flood barrier

Manila Bay

-Flood dikes to keep the canal water level stable & Storm surge barrier that flow into the city regin.

-Current Manila bay without flood barrier, lacking of vegetation to filter strong monsoon wind.

Transform Abandoned empty lands to water retention lagoons

Formalized drainage with systematic underground pipes networking.

By directing water into Semi-permeable street pavers slow and store water during periods of heavy rain and runoff prior to it entering Manila Bay.

IJ Bay

PROPOSAL

Revitalizing polluted mangroove forest as natural filtration Mangrove area mangroove filtration

Street drain flow

wetlands

Lagoon area

semi-permeable street

Lagoon rentention

underground pipe

manila bay

3. Dike as Public Green Space & Flood Barrier Public green space increase social connectivity

Dike as flood barrier, elevated land and streets

Dike Park

Green street linkage

Mangrove forest Manila Bay

P ROP OSAL

Vegetation and mangroove wetland filter monsoon rainstorm

Dike

Poposed Scheme axonometric section

Lagoon Park

CONCLUSION

Infrastructure G ov ernm ent s tra tegi es f or V ul nera bl e C om m uni ti es More inclusive Urban Plans to support and inprove basc services for slum communities.

S e lf s u s t a in e c o n o my Provide job opprtunitise and prioritise potential of tourism economy income.

P rev ent & P repa re

P r io r t is e & f o r ma lis e d r a in a g e n e t w or k

Prioritise ood migitation to prepare for inevitable natural disaster instead of ways to recover from damage.

Access coverage of formal sewage system improves lliving quality and prevent urban ood.

C onnecti v i ty

I n t e r g r a t e G r e e n Tr a n s p o r t a t io n

Transportation linkage can enhance linkage between cities lead to economic potential.

Promote transportation that uses renewable enrgy such as electric cars and bycicle.

Li nk a ge betw een green s pa c e

E x p a n s io n

Public Green space improve social connectivity.

Green coverage of city should be well allocted in urban plan.

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