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MESSAGES FROM MARTYRS IN SOLIDARITY ARITY AND HOMAGE TO THE TIBETAN MARTYRS MARTYR WHO SELF-IMMOLATED IN TIBET
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Â¸Ă˜Âłn¾§nƤ nĹš nÂĽÇŹ §nÂĽĂŽn³ºnĆĽ ÂĽ Ń?ŕ´áŻá“Œŕľ˜ăžŻăŻżâ˛´Ń•ŕŚšă‡‘á§—ăšźŕŁ˜ Chanese government’s restriction and and crackdown in Tibet ---------------34
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Last Messages and Slogans by Tibetan Martyrs in Tibet -----------------65 㠚�㯿ӪⲴ䚇๥৺ތ䇚≲
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IN SOLIDARITY AND HOMAGE TO THE TIBETAN MARTYRS WHO SELF-IMMOLATED IN TIBET
China’s Policies in Tibet and its Consequences
Demographic Aggression Population transfer is the main tool of assimilation and China has done that successfully with Manchuria and Inner Mongolia. It is underway in Xinjiang and Tibet. Han Chinese have already become the majority community in almost all of the Tibetan cities and townships. The vast majority of the Tibetan nomads are being forcefully uprooted from their centuries old traditional pastureland to the outstiets of cities and townships. Judging by the rate at which the demographic aggression is taking place in the name of development in the last few decades, there is every possibility that only pockets of Tibetan towns will remain in Tibet. In a planned manner, Chinese officers and settlers are being provided with many incentives including higher pay, job opportunities and automatic promotions etc. to promote demographic onslaught. Political Freedom Any form of action or expression that has some political connotations are being dealt with brutalily in the name of national security. Particularly, influential Lamas, intellectuals, writers, environmentalists and singers are targeted. The difference in the manner in which the authorities deal with the peaceful Tibetan demonstrators and the Chinese demonstrators are clear evidence of racial discrimination. Religious Freedom The numbers of monks and nuns have been reduced drastically and in many cases, monasteries have become just tourist attractions rather than centers of learning. The religious practitioners are not only forced to denounce His Holiness the Dalai Lama during ‘patriotic education’ sessions but also has to adhere to regulations laid down by the atheist authorities and monastic management committees filled with communist henchmen. The movements and activities of the clergy are severely restricted. People are forced to pay their respects to the Communist leaders – Mao, Deng, Jiang
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MESSAGES FROM MARTYRS
and Hu, whose photos are forcibly placed alongside Buddhist images in the monasteries. Efforts are being made to set up communist branches in Monasteries and Nunneries. And most importantly, the atheist leadership wants to be responsible for the selection of reincarnated high lamas to meet their political ends, including that of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. What an irony? Freedom of Language Tibetan language forms the basis of Tibetan identity and root of Tibetan religion and culture. Imposition of Mandarin as the medium of instruction and relegating Tibetan as just a language at the primary level coupled with demographic aggression will sound the death knell of the unique Tibetan religion and culture. Environmental Destruction In the last more than 5 decades, destruction of the fragile natural environment and ecology of Tibet has caused irreparable damages that affects not only the plateau of Tibet but all the neighboring downstream countries in South and South East Asia including China. Unscrupulous extraction of natural resources without any consideration for environment will further exacerbate environmental woes. On the pretext of rejuvenating Tibet’s ecology, the government is confiscating nomadic lands and the nomads are being sedentarized on the outskirts of existing townships and cities. In the absence of dung manure, severe degradation and desertification of the grasslands are being reported. Seemingly, China is giving lot more importance to Tibet’s environment in the recent past but still falls short of using the centuries old wisdom of the Tibetan nomads on environmental stewardship. Destruction of the Tibetan Way of life Consequent to China’s occupation of Tibet and its policies, the traditional Tibetan way of life has undergone a sea change. China’s policy of demographic aggression in the cities and townships has marginalized the native Tibetans socially and economically. By resettling the Tibetan nomads into compact communities, it has not only deprived the Tibetans of their traditional livelihood but many of the young Tibetans are reduced to penury in the absence of proper vocational training for a new way of life. This will have serious implication on the livelihood of many Tibetans in the future.
5
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ѝޡᖃተԕഭᇦᆹޘѪُਓˈሩ〽ᴹ⢥⎹᭯⋫һ࣑ˈᡆੜࡠԫօ 㿱ˈׯᔰ䟷ਆ↖࣋䭷DŽ⢩࡛ሩާᴹаᇊᖡ૽࣋Ⲵஷోǃ⸕䇶 ࠶ᆀǃᇦǃ⧟؍Ӫ༛ˈԕ৺ሩⅼˈ䘋㹼ᴤѕহ㇑᧗DŽѝޡሩ㾯 㯿઼ᒣ⽪ေ㘵઼ൠ⽪ေ㘵Ⲵ༴⨶ᯩᔿᡚ❦н਼ˈሩࡽ㘵䟷ਆ↖࣋ 䭷ˈሩਾ㘵䟷ਆᇭᇩ઼䀓DŽ䘉ᱮ❦ᱟа⿽⿽᯿↗㿶DŽ
ᇇᮉ㠚⭡
㾯㯿ຳሪ䲒઼דܗቬခⲴᮠᆇᐢབྷᑵ߿ቁˈ䇨ཊൠ४ሪ䲒ᐢ ᡀѪ⑨Ჟ⛩ˈ㘼нᱟ᱄ᰕⲴᆖҐ㓿൪ᡰDŽ൘ᡰ䉃Ā⡡ഭѫѹᮉ 㛢ā䘀ࣘѝˈ㻛䘛ࠪᇦՇ䉤䍓⌅⦻䗮䎆ஷో˗Ӻᰕˈ㯿४ሪ䲒Ⲵ ⵏ↓ѫӪᱟᰐ⾎䇪ѝޡᒢ䜘઼ޡӗފ䘭䲿㘵ˈ㾯㯿ᡰᴹࠪᇦՇ䜭൘ Ԇ˄ྩ˅ԜⲴѕহ᧗ࡦѻлDŽᕪ䘛ሪ䲒൘⇯ᛜᤲѝޡ亶ሬӪ ∋ǃ䛃ǃ⊏ǃ㜑Ⲵᐘᑵ➗⡷ˈᒦᕪԔࠪᇦՇ㾱ሺ䟽ѝޡ亶ሬӪDŽᡰ 䉃傫ሪᐕ㓴↓൘ሪ䲒䈅മᔪ・ފ㓴㓷ˈቔަᱟѝޡᰐ⾎䇪ӵ ӵѪҶԆԜⲴ᭯⋫䴰㾱ˈ䇑ࡂ㾱䇔ᇊवᤜሺ㘵䗮䎆ஷోѪѫⲴ䈨儈 㓗ӱ⌒࠷䖜цˈ䘉нᱟཚ㦂ୀҶੇ˛
6
⭏ભⲴ 䈝䀰㠚⭡
㯿䈝᮷ᱟփ⧠㯿≁᯿⢩㢢ˈ৺ަᇇᮉ᮷ॆѻભ㜹DŽѝޡᖃተሩ㯿 ४ᆖṑࡦᇊ≹䈝᮷䈮〻ˈสᮉ㛢䱦⇥ਚ⭘а⿽䈝䀰ᦸ䈮DŽ䘉⿽ ᮉ㛢ࡦᓖԕ৺ሩ㯿४Ⲵབྷ䟿〫≁ˈᐢᡀѪ⇱⚝㾯㯿⤜⢩ᇇᮉ᮷ॆⲴ ѫ㾱ഐ㍐DŽ
⧟ຳൿ
൘䗷৫ ཊᒤᶕˈ㾯㯿㜶ᕡⲴ⭏ᘱ⧟ຳ䚝ࡠᶱབྷൿˈ䘉нӵሩ 㾯㯿ᵜ䓛ˈ㘼фሩьইӊഭᇦҏᑖᶕҶᶱབྷ⚮䳮DŽѝޡ൘㾯㯿ᰐᡰ н㠣ൠབྷ䟿ᔰ䟷ⸯ㯿ˈ֯㾯㯿Ⲵ⭏ᘱ⧟ຳ䶒ѤᴤབྷডᵪDŽᖃተԕ؍ ᣔ⭏ᘱ⧟ຳѪُਓˈнӵ᧐ཪ㥹઼⮌⢗䍴Ⓚˈ㘼ф㻛䘛㾯㯿⢗≁ 䗱〫ࡠ䱴䘁䭷ઘതˈ֯㥹ཡ৫Ҷᴹᵪ㛕ᯉˈൿҶ㥹઼⮌⢗ ᗚ⧟ӂࣙⲴ⨶ˈ֯㥹䗵䙏ਈ⋉═ॆDŽ䘁ᶕˈѝⴻޡլᖸ䟽㿶㾯 㯿⭏ᘱ⧟ຳˈնԆԜতᘭ㿶ҶᮠⲮᒤᶕ㾯㯿Ӫоབྷ㠚❦઼䉀ਁኅⲴ 䘉аՈ㢟Ր㔏DŽ
ൿ㯿ӪⲴ⭏⍫ᯩᔿ
ѝޡঐ亶㾯㯿ԕᶕˈ㾯㯿ӪՐ㔏Ⲵ⭏⍫ᯩᔿᐢਈᗇ䶒ⴞޘ䶎DŽ⭡ Ҿѝޡሩ㾯㯿䭷䘋㹼བྷ䟿〫≁Ⲵߢࠫѻлˈ㯿ӪᐢᡀѪަ㓿⍾ ⽮ՊⲴ䗩㕈ॆ᯿㗔DŽ㾯㯿⢗≁䳶ѝࡠ⢩ᇊൠ⛩ˈ֯㯿Ӫཡ৫ҶՐ㔏 ⭏⍫ⲴࡽᲟDŽ䇨ཊ䶂ቁᒤ൘䱼⭏Ⲵ⭏⍫⧟ຳлˈ⭡Ҿ㕪ѿаᇊⲴ⭏ 䇑ˈਈᗇаェҼⲭDŽሶᶕԆԜⲴӪ⭏ࡽᲟӽ❦ᖸ㥛❦ˈᒦ▌൘䟽བྷ ডᵪ
7
º¼µp
ȇ n¸ś n¹ Öp
Èn¥µÈp
Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
·nºp
·n¼¸nĸn¸ƛ µp ºÖn¤Øp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
p p
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
¥Èصp
ȇ nlj Øn¸Á§nƿ µn¼ŀ¥Èp
Èn¥µÈp
Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
·nºp
¼IJnÄΧn¸ś nÆÎÈp ǩ Ø¥Èn³£Äp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
³Èp
ȇ n¼IJn³¸§nµØÄnDŽ p
Èn¥µÈp
ƛ ǰ p
ÅØp
·nºp
¼ŀ¥Èn¥«ÎÈp º©Ø¥nÅÖ¥Èp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
p p
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
p p ³Èp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp
8
Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
ȇ nlj Øn¸Á§n³£Øµnº©Ø¥ Name: Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
Name:
¼IJnŹ Èp ¼IJn³¥Ön¼§ര
p p ¥Èصp
Place: Age:
parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Tabey
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–áĄžâ˛Ë„‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
20
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2009/2/27
ᰌ䰤˖
Alive
᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
Lobsang Phuntsok Ngaba 21 Father: Tsering Tashi Mother : Zogkar 2011/3/16 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş á–?᧚ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖᥽䇙ᥞ㞯ǂᓗಌ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tsewang Norbu Tawo 29 Father : Tsoknyi Mother : Chokleg 2011/8/15 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â…‘á°ŞäˆŞá?ł ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ŕľ â›ŠË–á“§äšƒá†Š ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖᧚቏ǂ҄❺ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Lobsang Konchok
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş ä?‘âşž ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
18
ᒤ喴˖
Family : Tsegay Tsang
âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–áĄ˝â´†Ôƒ
2011/9/26
ᰌ䰤˖
Alive
᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
9
┬║┬╝┬╡p
╚З n╟Й ├Шn┬╕├Б┬зn┼е ├Еn┬╕├Б┬зnp
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
╞Д n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬Д┬М
┬╖n┬║p
┬╝─▓n├Д├О┬зn┬╕┼Ы n├Ж├О├Иp ╟й ├Ш┬е├Иn┬│┬г├Дp
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp
├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
╞Д n┬╢p
┬Д┬Л
┬╖n┬║p
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp ├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp ├Е├Шp
┬╖n┬║p
╟з ├Дn╞е ├О├Иp ┬╕┬│├Цn┬║┬й├Ш┬е
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Дp┬Д┬Гp┬К ├В┬│├Иp
╞Д n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬Д┬Л
┬╖n┬║p
┼е ├Еn┬╕├Б┬зnp ┬╕├Б┬зn┬╢├Шn┬╝┬зр┤░
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp ├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
10
Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents:
Name:
┬║┬д├Вn┬│╟Е ├О┬з├Иp
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
parents:
┬й├Ш├Иn├В┬╖├Ц├Еp
┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
├В┬к├О┬е├Иn├Д├О├Иp ├В┬к├О┬е├Иn├Д├О├Иn┬╝┬зр┤░
┬║┬╝┬╡p
Age:
Date:
┬Д┬М
├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
Place:
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Дp┬Д┬Гp┬Ж
╞Д n┬╢p
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp
┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
╚З n┼е ├Еn┬╕├Б┬зn┬│┬╕┬зn╟Б ┬е
├Е├Шp
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Дp┬Мp┬Е┬Й
Name:
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Дp┬Д┬Гp┬К ├В┬│├Иp
Dead/Alive:
Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Lobsang Kalsang Ngaba 19 Father : Tsering Tashi Mother : Zogkar 2011/9/26 Alive
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş ᚏẠ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖᥽䇙ᥞ㞯ǂᓗಌ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
Kalsang Wangchuk Ngaba 18 Father : Tsurdi Mother : Dechok 2011/10/3 Alive
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ášŹáş á°ŞŃľ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖‍׳‏ྠǂᗧ҄ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
Choephel
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–á´˘ŕ¸Š
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
19
ᒤ喴˖
Family : Jugri Tsang
âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–Ńľá°•Ôƒ
2011/10/7
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Khaying
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŕŚ‘ŕ˝ž
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
18
ᒤ喴˖
Family : Song Po Tsang
⥌⇽˖Ạá‡?Ôƒ
2011/10/7
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
11
º¼µp
µØÄnDŽ n³ų nÂƤ Åp
Èn¥µÈp
Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈ
³Èp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
¸³ÖnÅÖ¥Èp Ɓ ØÅnº¼ŀp
p p ¥Èصp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp
12
Name:
Dead/Alive:
ƛ ǰ p
ÅØp
Dead/Alive:
³Èp
p p
¸Ǣ µnºn³¶ÅnƩ µn©ØÈnº¼ŀp
Èn¥µÈp
Date:
parents:
·nºp
parents:
«În¼IJp
³£Änº½IJÈp
ÅØp
Age:
Place:
ȇ nǮ n¸n¼IJnÄΧര
Èn¥µÈp
Place:
Ƅ n¶p
·nºp
p p
¸Ǣ µnºn¸Ɵ µn½īµn³¸§nºØp
ÅØp
¶ɪ n¼§ര
Name:
ªØnµÖp ³£Øµnŧര
p p ³Èp
Age:
Date:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Norbu Dadul
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–äˆŞá?łŕŚ?ผ
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
19
ᒤ喴˖
Family : Pema Tsang
⥌⇽˖â˛â§‹Ôƒ
2011/10/15
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tenzin Wangmo
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŃŠŕťŽá°ŞŕżśË„â€ŤÜ—â€Źá‰ŹË…
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
20
ᒤ喴˖
Father : Nyi Tse
⥌⇽˖቏ä&#x;ˇÇ‚
2011/10/17
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Dawa Tsering Kardze 38 Father : Delek Mother : Doltso 2011/10/25 Alive
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ä—ŽâŹ–â…‘Óą ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᓧâˆá†Œ ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖ᗧं ŕŚƒá§š ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖ ä&#x;˝Ő”
Palden Choetso Tawo 35 Father : Jonai Mother : Kolen 2011/11/3 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â¨?ъᴢ᧚˄‍ܗ‏቏˅ ŕľ â›ŠË–á“§äšƒá†Š ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖Ӕѳǂäś?ណ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
13
º¼µp
¸Ɵ µn½īµnƿ µn¼ŀ¥Èp
Èn¥µÈp
©¸nº³Øp
ÅØp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Ƅ n¶p
·nºp
¸ƛ µn¤Øp º¥Øn¤Øn¼§np
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
p p ³Èp
¸Ɵ µn«Îp Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èp
ǧ ÅnŮ ÎºÈp
Èn¥µÈp ÅØp
p p
³Èn¥Èصp
ÃÄn·ÖÅp
p p ³Èp
º¼µp ƾ ÅnŦ n¸ÈسnµºÈn³¸§nŹ Ånźn ¸Èسn¹ Öp
Èn¥µÈp ÅØp
º¥ØnÅØ¥
·nºp «n³¥ÖÂÎn¸Èسnŧ ¸Èp ÂLJ Ø¥n¸ÁÂnÂLj ¥nƩ Öp ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp
14
p p ³Èp
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Tenzin Phuntsok
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŃŠŕťŽá–?᧚
Chamdo
ྠ⛊˖ᓧᰟäœ
46
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2011/12/1
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tsultrim
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â…‘áĄ€
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
20
ᒤ喴˖
Family : Men pa Tsang
⥌⇽˖ᴏá?¤Ôƒ
2012/1/6
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tennyi
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŃŠá‰Ź
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
20
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2012/1/6
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tulku Sonam Wangyal or
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ă?’ŕŚ‡ ⌝ᜠ᥆ ă?’á?¤
Sobha
ÓąâŒ’ŕ ˇ
Golog
ŕľ â›ŠË–á†šŕ˝ŠáˇŒâ?‹
42
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2012/1/8
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
15
┬║┬╝┬╡p
╟Й ├Шn┬╕├Б┬зn├В┬к┬║n┬│╟Е ┬з├Иp
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
╞Д n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬Е┬Д
┬╖n┬║p
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp
├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Дp┬Д┬З ├В┬│├Иp
╚З n├Д├О┬еn├В┬╜─л┬╡n╞з ├Шn╞П ├Ц├В┬║n├Д├О┬еn┬╣ ├Цp ╞Д n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬Д┬М
┬╖n┬║p
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp
┼╣ n┬║┬╝┼Аp ╚Б n╞Н ┬зр┤░
├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
┬╕╟г ├Ш┬╡n┬д├Шp ╞д ┬зn┬│┬г├Дp
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Еp┬Л ├В┬│├Иp
╚З n┬╕├И├Ш┬│n┬╡┬║├Иn├Д┬╕n├Г┬з├Иp
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
┼о ├Оn├В╞д n├Е┬╕n┬│┬е├Ш┬╡n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬З┬Е
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age:
┬╖n┬║p ╞┐ ┬╡n┬╝┼А┬е├Иn┼з ┬╕├Иp ┬│┬г├Ш┬╡n┬║┬й├Ш┬еn┬│┬╕┬зn┬║├Шp parents: ┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp
├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Еp┬Л ┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
┬╕╟в ┬╡n┬║n┬╕╞Я ┬╡n├В┬╜─л┬╡n┬й├Ш├Иn╞Б ├Ш┬╡p ╞Д n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬Д┬Л
┬╖n┬║p
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp ├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
16
╟Й ├Шn┬╣ ├Цn╟З ┬зр┤░ ┬╝─▓n┬╣ ├Шp
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Еp┬Д┬Д ├В┬│├Иp
Date:
Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
p
Lobsang Jamyang Ngaba 21 Father : Gyatsoe Mother : Lhachung 2012/1/14 Dead
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş చཞ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖ŕŁ?᧚ǂᣚ㗔 ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢ á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ÓąŕťŽŕ˝Šáś áĄ†á¸„á¤Œ
Rigzin Dorjee or Rigbe
˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
19
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2012/2/8
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Sonam Rabyang Tridu 42 Father : Phuntsok Kyap Mother : Kunkyap Wangmo 2012/2/8 Alive
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ă?’ŕŚ‡âœ?ཞ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᓧ〠ཊ ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖á–?á§šáś â€ŤŢŁâ€Źáś á°Şâˆ‹ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
Tenzin Choedon Ngaba 18 Father : Lopai drang Mother : Tsepo 2012/2/11 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŃŠâľ?ᴢ⧽˄‍ܗ‏቏˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–ă–‡á¤Œá•?ǂ᥽á‡? ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
17
º¼µp
ȇ nlj Øn¸Á§nŹ nº¼ŀp
Èn¥µÈp
Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age:
Dead/Alive:
ư §nų ØÅp
ƻ µn¥ÁÎ¥Èp Ɩ ΧnºØp
Date:
Name: Place: Age: parents:
p p
Date:
¼IJnÄΧnŧ γp
Name:
³Èp
¸ÈسnµºÈnÃÖnÆÖÈp ȁ n³Dž §Èp
18
parents:
³Èp
p p
³Èn¥Èصp
Age:
parents:
ǚ nƍ p
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
Place:
Ɵ ¥nȁ p
·nºp
·nºp
ȇ n³ºn©ØÈn¸Á§n¶Øp
½ºn²§ര
ÅØp
ÅØp
¥Èصp
·nºp
p p
²Öºn©Öµp
ÅØp
¸β īp ¶³n³£Äp
Name:
p p ³Èp
Dead/Alive:
Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Lobsang Gyatso Ngaba 19 Father : Barzi Mother : Pekar 2012/2/13 Alive
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş చ᧚ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖á?¤á‰„ᆀ ä??ಌ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
Damchoe Sangpo Themchen 38 Family : Argur Tsang Father : Takla 2012/2/17 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŃŠá´˘áş âŒ’ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ŕľ â›ŠË–á†šŕ˝Šŕ˝™áŒŤ ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖ᯇᣚ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Nangdrol Zamthan/Ngaba 18 Father : Chensig Mother : Nyingmo 2012/2/19 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–áľ‡ŕŚƒ ŕľ â›ŠË–á†šŕ˝Šŕź”ŕşˆ ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖䗹ŕ¨?Ç‚á†ąâˆ‹ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tsering Kyi
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–áĄ˝ä‡™ŕ¨šË„ŕžŁË…
Machu
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ⧋ᴢ
19
ᒤ喴˖
Father : Sonam Yeshi
⥌⇽˖ă?’ŕŚ‡âłşăžŻ
2012/3/3
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
19
┬║┬╝┬╡p
├Д├О┬╡n┬й├Ц┬╡p ┬Я┬║├Ш┬а
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иpp
╞Д n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬Ж┬Е
┬╖n┬║p
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp
├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
┬Д┬Л
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp ├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
┼╜ ├Дn┼з n┬╝┬зр┤░ ╦Т n╦Т p ┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Жp┬И ├В┬│├Иp
╚З n┬│┬е├Цn┬╢├Цp
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иpp
╞Д n┬╢p
├Е├Шp
┬Д┬Л
┬╖n┬║p
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp ├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p ┬║┬╝┬╡p
╟А ┬еn╞з ├Ш├Дp ┬йn┬д├Шp ┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Жp┬Д┬Г ├В┬│├Иp
╚З n├В┬к┬║n┬│╟Е ┬з├Иn┬│┬╢├Еn╞й ┬╡p
├Иn┬е┬╡├Иp
├Д├Ц┬╕n┬е├Ш┬зnp
├Е├Шp
┬╖n┬║p
├В┬│├Иp
╞Д n┬╢p
┬╖n┬║p
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Жp┬З
╞з ├Шn╞П ├Цp
├Е├Шp
├Дn╞░ p ╚Б n┬д├Шp
┬Ж┬З
┬│┬г├Ш┬╡n┬║┬й├Ш┬еn┼з ┬╕├Иp ╞Л ┬е├Иn┬║├Шp
┬║├Ц├Дn┬╕╟║ ├Ц┬е├Иn╟о n┬╝─▓├Иp ├В┬│├Иn┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
20
┬Е┬Г┬Д┬Еp┬Жp┬Д┬З ┬е├И├Ш┬╡p
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Rinchen (women)
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ÓąäŤ–Ë„ŕžŁË…
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
32
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2012/3/4
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Dorjee Ngaba 18 Family : Gar kya Tsang Father : Cha Cha 2012/3/5 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŕ˝Šáś ŕľ â›ŠË–á†šŕ˝ŠäąŻŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖ᚠᚠᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Geypey Ngaba 18 Father : Chakdhor Mother : Chakho 2012/3/10 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ášŹä?? ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–áš ŕ¨¸ŕ˝ŠÇ‚áš ă˜ł ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Jamyang Palden Rebgong 34 Father : Konchok Kyap Mother : chakmo 2012/3/14 Alive
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŕŁ?ཞ༞ᰖ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊâœ?ä?‘˄ਟӹ˅ ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–â€ŤŢœâ€ŹÓ”áś Ç‚ŕŁ?ŕ¨¸âˆ‹ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
21
º¼µp
lj Øn¸Á§nǧ ÅnŮ ÎºÈp
Èn¥µÈp
Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
³Èp
ÄÖ¸n¥Ø§np
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
ÆnºØp Ƌ ¥ÈnºØnŹ Åp
p p ³Èp
ȇ nlj Øn¸Á§nÆÖÈnĸp
Èn¥µÈp
Ƅ n¶p
ÅØp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
p p
¸ÈسnµºÈn³ÄnŹ Èp
ÅØp
ÃÖnÆÖÈp ¼IJnƁ صp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
¸Èسn³Øµp «Înºp
p p ³Èp
ȇ n¸Ɵ µn¶n³ÄnŹ Èp
Ź ÅnÄاn¼ŀn¸Ƥ µn£Îƛ În³¥Øµp
ÅØp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp
22
ť ÅnƩ µp ¶³n¼ŀp
p p ³Èp
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Lobsang Tsultrim Ngaba 20 Father : Yeshi Mother : Tsedon 2012/3/16 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş ⅑᥀ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–âłşăžŻÇ‚áĄ˝Ńƒ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Sonam Dhargyal
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ă?’ŕŚ‡ä—Žáś
Rebgong
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊâœ?ä?‘ ਟӹ˅
43
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2012/3/18
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Lobsang Sherab Ngaba 20 Father : Sodhon Mother : Nyima 2012/3/28 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş 㞯㔅 ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖ă?’⇼ǂ቏⧋ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tenpa Dhargyal Gyalrong tsodun Kirti
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŃŠá?¤ä—Žáś ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅
Monastery
ŕľ â›ŠË–ŕ°šá žăĽšâ˛ŤáˆŞ
22
ᒤ喴˖
Father : Kalden
⥌⇽˖ಌъǂâ˛á§š
Mother : Paltso
ᰌ䰤˖
2012/3/30
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Deceased
23
º¼µp
ȇ n©ÎnºÖ³n³¶ÅnƩ µp
Èn¥µÈp
Ź ÅnÄاn¼ŀn¸Ƥ µn£Îƛ În³¥Øµp
ÅØp
·nºp
ĸnŹ Èp ºn¥¨Î¥nº¼ŀp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Date: Dead/Alive:
³¥Önť ØÄnǻ §n²Äp ¶³nµÖp parents:
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
p p Date:
³Èp Dead/Alive:
¸ÈسnµºÈp
Èn¥µÈp
½ºn²§np
³ØµnÄÎÈp ³¥Ön¸ÁÂnÈÖºÈnŧ ÎÖ³p
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
parents:
Age:
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
·nºp
Age:
½ºn²§np Place:
·nºp
ÅØp
³Èp
Place:
©ØÈn·¥Ènŧ ¸Èp Name:
Èn¥µÈp ÅØp
p p
Name:
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
p p ³Èp
Ƨ ØnƏ Ön¼IJn¸ƛ µp
Èn¥µÈp
¸ØnÄp
ÅØp
·nºp
¸̸ Önº¤Äp Ɓ ØÅn³£Änŧ γp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp
24
p p ³Èp
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
p
Chimey Palden Gyalrong tsodun Kirti Monastery 21 Father : Rabgyal Mother : Machig Tso 2012/3/30 Deceased
ဃ˖ަ㖾⨝ᰖ ˄ܗӪ˅ ൠ⛩˖హᠾ㥹ⲫሪ ᒤ喴˖ ⡦⇽˖✝ᶠǂ⧋≲᧚ ᰦ䰤˖ ᛵߥ˖⢪⢢
choephak kyap Zamthan
ဃ˖ᴢᑅహ
25
ൠ⛩˖ᆹཊ༔ຈ
Father : Gekor Tso Wai
p
ᒤ喴˖
Sung Thar
⡦⇽˖ᆻཚǂᤌѳ
Mother : Penai
ᰦ䰤˖
p
2012/4/19
ᛵߥ˖⢪⢢
p
Deceased Sonam
ဃ˖㍒ই
Zamthan
ൠ⛩˖ᆹཊ༔ຈ
24
ᒤ喴˖
Mother : Semkyi
⡦⇽˖ৱਹ
2012/4/19
ᰦ䰤˖
Deceased
ᛵߥ˖⢪⢢
Dorjee Tseten Bora 19 Father : Bandhe Khar Mother : Dolkar Kyi 2012/5/27 Deceased
ဃ˖ཊᶠᰖ ൠ⛩˖ᆹཊঊ ᒤ喴˖ ⡦⇽˖зᗧቄǂঃాਹ ᰦ䰤˖ ᛵߥ˖⢪⢢
25
ºŸ¾p
³ÄnĹš Ăˆp
ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp
Ć„ nÂśp
Ă…Ă˜p
…ˆ
¡nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ă–ÂĽĂˆnÇŽ nÂźÄ˛Ăˆp
Ă‚ÂłĂˆnÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp ºŸ¾p
ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ă–ÂĽĂˆnÇŽ nÂźÄ˛Ăˆp Ă‚ÂłĂˆnÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp ºŸ¾p
ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ă–ÂĽĂˆnÇŽ nÂźÄ˛Ăˆp
Ă‚ÂłĂˆnÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp ºŸ¾p ¡nÂşp
Ç ÂĽnĂ…Ă˜p Ă„ĂŽÂľnČ p
Dead/Alive:
Place: Age: parents:
…ƒ„…pˆp†ƒ
Date:
ƛ nºų ξn²Äp
Name:
Ă‚ÂłĂˆp
…ƒ„…p‰p„ˆ Ă‚ÂłĂˆp
Dead/Alive:
Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
§¼n³¸§nÂľĂ˜Ă„n¡ÖÅp Name:
ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp Ă…Ă˜p
Name:
‰‡
¡nºp
parents:
Ă„ĂŽnĹ™ Ă˜p ÂşĂ˜
ÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp
¼¨¾nÂźnÇŠ Ă˜Â§np
Ă…Ă˜p
Age:
Date:
†‰
¡nºp
Place:
…ƒ„…pˆp…Š
½ºn²§np
Ă…Ă˜p
Ă…Ă˜n³Öp ÀÖnŧ ĂŽĂ–Âłp
Name:
ÂĽÂŤĂ‚nĂ…Âşp Place: Â…Â… Age:
Č ÂĽnÂśnÂłĂ˜ÂľnĹ´ ¸p ŸIJnÄΧn³Dž Â§Ăˆn¨¾p parents:
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ă–ÂĽĂˆnÇŽ nÂźÄ˛Ăˆp Ă‚ÂłĂˆnÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp
26
…ƒ„…p‰p…ƒ Date:
Ă‚ÂłĂˆp Dead/Alive:
p
p
p
p
Dargyal
ဃ˖䗮ਹ
Ngaba
ൠ⛩˖ᆹཊ䱯ඍ
25
ᒤ喴˖ ⡦⇽˖
2012/5/27
ᰦ䰤˖
Alive
ᛵߥ˖䟽Ք
Pamo Rikyo (Women) Zamthan 36 Father : Chuklo Mother : Rinlha 2012/5/30 Deceased
ဃ˖ᰕ⧆ ྣ
ൠ⛩˖ᆹཊ༔ຈ ᒤ喴˖ ⡦⇽˖⿰㖇ǂḄ ᰦ䰤˖ ᛵߥ˖⢪⢢
Tadin thar
ဃ˖ᰖ↓ຄ
Chentsa
ൠ⛩˖ᆹཊቆ
64
ᒤ喴˖ ⡦⇽˖
2012/6/15
ᰦ䰤˖
Deceased
ᛵߥ˖⢪⢢
Ngawang Norphel Nyalam 22 Father : Lhakpa Dhondup Mother : Tsering Yangchen 2012/6/20 Deceased
ဃ˖䱯ᰪ䈪ษ ൠ⛩˖ছ㯿ᰕரࡉ ᒤ喴˖ ⡦⇽˖ᐤь⨐ǂ䇙ཞ䶂 ᰦ䰤˖ ᛵߥ˖⢪⢢
27
º¼µp
¸Ɵ µn½īµnº¤ÈnŴ ¸p
Èn¥µÈp
Ů ÎnÂƤ nǩ اര
ÅØp
·nºp
ÅÖ¥ÈnŴ ¸p ŧ γn½ŀºÈp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp
³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
ŧ ÖnŸ nų اnŬ ÖÄp
·nºp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
¶ɪ n³ØµnŴ ¸p
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp º¼µp
Èn¥µÈp
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥ÈnǮ n¼IJÈp ³Èn¥Èصp
28
Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents:
Name:
p p
³Èp
ȇ nlj Øn¸Á§nlj Øn½īµp
·nºp
parents:
¼IJn³¸§nƧ ØnƏ Öp
¥Èصp
Ź ÅnÄاn¼ŀn¸Ƥ µn£Îƛ În³¥Øµp
ÅØp
Age:
Date:
·nºp
Place:
p p
³ºn¥Ǭ §nǩ اnp
ÅØp
³Èp
¸³Önŧ γn©ØÈn½ŀºÈp
ÅØp
p p
Name:
ÂDž ØÄnŹ Åp ¼IJn¹ Øp p p ³Èp
Dead/Alive:
Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Tenzin Khedup Tridu 24 Father : Lekdup Mother : Kyizom 2012/6/20 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŃŠŕťŽâ€Ťâ¨?ݝ‏ ྠ⛊˖ᓧ〠ཊ ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖ंᾥǂਚᇇ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Dekyi Choezom
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–á—§ŕ¨šá´˘á‡‡ Ë„ŕžŁË…
keygu
ŕľ â›ŠË–á“§ă”ƒŕ¨”ŕ˝Š
40
ᒤ喴˖
Father : Pema Dhondup
⥌⇽˖â˛â§‹ŃŒâ¨?
2012/6/27
ᰌ䰤˖
Alive
᛾߼˖ä&#x;˝Ő”
Tsewang Dorjee
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â…‘á°Şŕ˝Šáś
Dhamshung
ŕľ â›ŠË–á–ƒäł´
22
ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖
2012/7/7
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Lobsang Lozing Gyalrong tsodun Kirti Monastery 18 Father : Jorgyal Mother : Tsepo 2012/7/17 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş â?‹ŕťŽ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ŕľ â›ŠË–ŕ°šá žăĽšâ˛ŤáˆŞ ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖Ӕᜠǂ᥽‍Ř?‏ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
29
ºŸ¾p
ȇ nlj Ă˜n¸à §nǧ Ă…nĹŽ ĂŽÂşĂˆp
ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp
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ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp Ă…Ă˜p
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Ć Ă˜Ă…n³£ÄnºŸŀp …Š
Ă‚Çˆ ÂĽnĹš Ă…nº¤Äp ĂˆÂ§ĂˆnĹš ĂˆnŸŀp
Ă‚ÂłĂˆnÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp ºŸ¾p
ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ă–ÂĽĂˆnÇŽ nÂźÄ˛Ăˆp Ă‚ÂłĂˆnÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp ºŸ¾p
ĂˆnÂĽÂľĂˆp ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ă–ÂĽĂˆnÇŽ nÂźÄ˛Ăˆp Ă‚ÂłĂˆnÂĽĂˆĂ˜Âľp
30
Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents:
Name:
³œÂnĂ…Ă˜p ÂşnĆ Ă˜Âľp
…ƒ„…p‹p„ƒ Ă‚ÂłĂˆp
¸ś nĂ†ĂŽĂˆp …„
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parents:
ÂĽÂ¨Ă˜ÂłnÂśp
Ă‚ÂłĂˆp
Ć„ nÂśp
Ă…Ă˜p
Age:
Date:
…‡
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Place:
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Ć„ nÂśp
Ă…Ă˜p
Ă‚ÂłĂˆp
ÂŁÂľnČ Ă˜p ÂĽÂťĹ€ĂˆnĹł Ă˜Â§nĹŹ Ă–Ă„p
ºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ă–ÂĽĂˆnÇŽ nÂźÄ˛Ăˆp
…ƒ„…p‹p‰
Name:
Č n³¸§np Ć„ nÂśĂ˜p
…ƒ„…p‹p„† Ă‚ÂłĂˆp
Dead/Alive:
Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Name: Place: Age: parents: Date: Dead/Alive:
Lobsang Tsultrim Ngaba 21 Father : WangTse Monther : Donkar Kyi 2012/8/6 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş ⅑᥀ ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–á°ŞáĄ˝Ç‚ŕŚƒŕ°žŕ¨š ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Dolkar Tso Kanlho (Tsoe) 27 Father : Dukgyal Khar Mother : Sangye Tso 2012/8/7 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ŕŚƒá‰…á§š Ë„ŕžŁË… ŕľ â›ŠË–á†šŕ˝Šŕ¨¸ÖŒ âˆŕŚ‡Ë… ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–ŕŞ˜á‡ŚŕŚ‘á‰„Ç‚áş áś á§š ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Choepa Ngaba 24 Father : Palo Mother : Madon 2012/8/10 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ä€‚á?¤ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–âŠŚă–‡Ç‚â§‹ŕŚƒ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Tashi
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–áĄžăžŻ
Ngaba
ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯�
21
ᒤ喴˖
Mother : Ngapo
⥌⇽˖乯�
2012/8/13
ᰌ䰤˖
Deceased
᛾߼˖⢪⢢
31
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Èn¥µÈp
Ƅ n¶p
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Èn¥µÈp
p p ³Èp
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p p ³Èp
Name Place Age parents Date Dead/Alive
Name Place Age parents Date Dead/Alive
Name Place Age parents Date Dead/Alive
ǀ ÎnÅØn µÈnǀ ÎnÅØn Ǯ n ¼IJÈn ¸ÄnÆÖÈnƛ Ø¥ÈnÄnÂǂ سn¥ÈÅn
¸Øndž §n¸nŬ صn¸Ø³nºÎnÈÖÄnŧ n ¥ÎÈnħnǵ ÈnºÖÄn¸Ǻ Ö¥Èn¸±§nÀΧര ³Ön³¥n ¥ÎnŮ Ø³nµÈnºÎnų §Èn ¥ÎnŦ nǺ Ø¥nÆØÄnÃسn¶n³§ര ¥Àµnº§n©Ön¸n³Èn¥Èصn
¥§nÃεn³§ര ¥§nÀÎ¥nƘ n¸»ŀµnÂƎ ¥n³§n¸£¥n«ÄnDž ÈnÃسnºÖ³nÆÖÈnƛ Ø¥Èn ơ ¸nºÖ³p
32
Lungtok Ngaba 20 Father : Richung Mother : Lumo 2012/8/13 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–ä˛śŕ˝Š ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–ÓąŕŠ‹Ç‚ĺŠąâˆ‹ ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Lobsang Kalsang Ngaba 18 Father : Tsekho Dorjee Mother : Sangye Don2012/8/27 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–â?‹áş ᚏẠ˄‍ܗ‏Ӫ˅ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ âĄŚâ‡˝Ë–áĄ˝ă˜łŕ˝Šáś Ç‚áş áś á°Śä°¤Ë– ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
Damchoe Ngaba 17 Father : Doshi Lobey Mother : Tsepo 2012/8/27 Deceased
á€ƒŕ¨˝Ë–á°–áľ˜á´˘ ྠ⛊˖ᆚཊ乯ŕś? ᒤ喴˖ ⥌⇽˖ཊ㞯㖇ä??ǂ᥽á‡? ᰌ䰤˖ ᛾߼˖⢪⢢
From 2009 to 27th August 2012, there is a confirmed report of 51 Tibetans having committed self-immolation. 41 of them reportedly succumbed to burn in Jury. Conditions of the remaining 10 regarding the place of their detention is still unknown.
ÓžËŽËŒËŒË•á’¤ă ŁËŽËŒË?ËŽ á’¤Ë”á´¸ËŽË“á°•ŃŞâ†’Ëˆá?˘ă“żâ?ľážŠáŚźá’Ś ᨑᴚᚊᴚጞⲴ‍ޥ‏ᴚˑË?਽ຳ޾㯿 ӪѪ㞯㯿㠚âĄă˜źä˜‹ăšźŇśă šâ?ŠáŁ‡ä‡žâ?Ť ŕŁ˜Ç„áľ?Ń?Ë?Ë?ÓŞá?˘ă“żâ˘Şâ˘˘ËˆŢŚÖ‰ŕ˝— ŕ˝ŠáŽ áĄ†ŕ˝Ąä‘šËˆáĄ†â€ŤŢŁâ€ŹáŁŹŕľ˜Ö…ŕź´á?˘ă“żá°? ӞҜ䀓ʽ
33
Ź n³ºÄnű ÎÈn¸Ø³nř ÎnÈnū ÅnŘ µnƘ nªΥÈnŦ Ån³º¥nǑ اnp
Chinese military exercises in entire Tibetan areas in Tibet terrorize Tibetans. ѝޡ൘㾯㯿ൠѮ㹼ေខ 㯿Ӫߋһ╄Ґ
34
35
¸Ø³nµ§nƤ nŹ n³ºÄnű ÎÈn¸Ø³nºÎÄnÈØnǻ §n³§n³ºnƥ ¥n©Öµn¶ØnDž Ö³n¸Àεn¶p
China imposes intensive military crackdown and restrictions on Tibetan. ѝޡ൘㾯㯿ൠሩ㯿≁䘋㹼ѕহⴁ᧗㹼ࣘ
36
37
Ź n³ºÄnű În¥Ƥ ¥nǤ ¸n©Öµn¶ØÈn¸Ø³n¤ºÈnŘ µnƘ nƥ ¥n¥µØµnDž Ö³n¸Àεn¶p
China unleash severe repression and crackdown on Tibetans in entire Tibetan area.
ѝޡѕহ䭷ᢃᵰ㾯㯿ൠ㯿Ӫ
38
39
¸Ø³nµ§nƤ nºÖnº³ÂÎnÂØ¥n¥În©ØÈnǵ ¥Èn³³nºØÈp
Tibetans practicing their religious faith under the gun-points in Tibet. ᷚਓлⲴĀᇇᮉ㠚⭡ā
40
41
¸Ø³nƤ n¸Ø³nºÎnƮ ºÈn¥§ndž §nƤ n¸£¥n«Än³§n¸»ŀµnÂƎ ¥
Indiscriminate detention and arrest of Tibetan in Tibet. ԫᣃᦅޣᣬຳ㯿Ӫ
42
¸Ø³nµ§nƤ n¸Ø³nř ÎnǺ ØÅnź µn³§n¤ØÄnDZ ¥n¥±ØÄn¸¨Øºp
Unwarranted destruction of Tibetan tradition and Environment in Tibet. 㾯㯿ⲴՐ㔏઼⧟ຳ䚝ࡠオࡽ⇱ൿ
43
¸Ø³nµ§nƤ n¸Ø³nºÎnƮ ºÈnř ÎnÀÎn¸ÂÎn§Ønŷ ØÅn³§n³¥ØÈnÂƤ µp Peaceful protests and demands by Tibetans in Tibet. ຳ㯿ӪⲴ઼ᒣᣇ䇞⍫ࣘ৺䇹≲
44
45
¸Ø³nºÎnƮ ºÈnÅnªΥÈnŦ Ånƥ ¥n¥µØµnű Înų nƁ Î¥
Preparations to oppress and threaten the Tibetans in Tibet. ሩᰐረ䫱Ⲵ㯿Ӫ䘋㹼ߋһ䭷 㹼ࣘ
46
47
¸Ø³nř ÎnÀÎn¸ÂÎnºÎn³º§ÈnƟ Ö§nƻ سn¶ÂÎn³Ö§nĸÈnř În¥Ønº¼ŀµp
Modern tools and weapons of repression employed on peaceful Tibetan masses.
ሩ઼ᒣ㯿Ӫ֯⭘Ⲵ⿽⧠ԓॆ䭷↖ಘ
48
ºÎnÄÎ¥Èn³Dž ÖnÂDž Ö³nř ÎÈn¸Ø³nºÎnƮ ºÈnÅn¸ǹ µn¥»IJÄn³§n¸Ø³n¶ÈnǬ n ¥Ƙ ¥ÈnÅnÃnŵnºÎnDž Ö³n¶p
China ignores Tibetan appeals and unleash racial discriminate and marginalization.
ሩ㯿Ӫ䘋㹼Ⲵ≁᯿䳄৺≁᯿↗㿶᭯ㆆ
49
¸Ø³nµ§nƤ n¸Ø³nºÎnƮ ºÈnř ÎÈnŧ γnƬ ¥nº«ºnǖ اn³§n¥Ƥ §nÈÖºÈnº«ºnŧ Ö³p
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50
51
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MESSAGES FROM MARTYRS
Last Messages and Slogans by Tibetan Martyrs in Tibet
1. Monk Lobsang Phuntsok, at the time of self-immolation on March 16, 2011 His last message shouting, Free Tibet. May His Holiness the Dalai Lama live long. 2. Monk Tsewang Norbu (Norkho), at the time of self-immolation, August 15, 2011 His last message. Before self-immolation, leaflets distributed in many places. Tibet should be get freedom. The Chinese are insulting us. His Holiness the Dalai Lama, our root-guru, must be invited to Tibet. 3. Monk Lobsang Kalsang, and Lobsang Kunchok, self-immolated on September 26, 2012 Their message reported in news media, “It is due to Tibetans in Tibet being completely denied human rights, freedom and happiness”, citing reason for self-immolation.” 4. Choephel and Khaying, at the time of self-immolation on October 7, 2011 Their last message shouting, Free Tibet. We should be given human rights. H. H. the Dalai Lama must be invited to Tibet. Rise, all Tibetans. 5. Norbu Dradul, at the time of self-immolation on October 15, 2011 His last message shouting The Snowland Tibet must be given freedom. H. H. the Dalai Lama must be given Tibet. 6. Nun Tenzin Wangmo, at the time of self-immolation on October 17, 2011 Her message shouting, “His Holiness the Dalai Lama must be invited to Tibet. There should be right to freedom of worship in Tibet.” 7. Monk Dawa Tsering at the time of self-immolation on October 25, 2011 His last message shouting,
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Last Messages and Slogans by Tibetan Martyrs in Tibet
“His Holiness the Dalai Lama must be invited to Tibet. Free Tibet. We want equality in rights. May H. H. the Dalai Lama live long.” 8. Nun Palden Chotso at the time of self-immolation on November 3, 2011 Her last message shouting, Free Tibet. May His Holiness Live long. His Holiness the Dalai Lama must be invited to Tibet. 9. Tenzin Phuntsok, a former monk of Karma monastery, Chamdo distributed leaflets before setting himself on fire on 1 December 2012. In leaflets he says “he cannot bear any longer to see the torture that the abbot and monks of Karma monastery are undergoing under the Chinese authorities”. In another leaflets he says “Dear fellow Tibetans, Don be dishearten, never be afraid of. How long we can trust the policy who forbids us from practicing our religion? We should rise up” 10. Tsultrim and Tennyi, self-immolated on June 1, 2012 Their last message shouting, His Holiness should return to Tibet. May His Holiness the Dalai Lama live long. 11. Tulku Sonam Wangyal, recorded a tape prior to his self-immolation on 8 January 2012 saying Source; ICT Lama Sobha’s Last Message To all the six million Tibetans, including those living in exile -- I am grateful to Pawo Thupten Ngodup [Tibetan exile Thubten Ngodup self-immolated in Delhi on April 27, 1998] and all other Tibetan heroes, who have sacrificed their lives for Tibet and for the reunification of the Tibetan people; though I am in my forties, until now I have not had the courage like them. But I have tried my best to teach all traditional fields of knowledge to others, including Buddhism. This is the 21st century, and this is the year in which so many Tibetan heroes have died. I am sacrificing my body both to stand in solidarity with them in flesh and blood, and to seek repentance through this highest tantric honor of offering one’s body. This is not to seek personal fame or glory. I am giving away my body as an offering of light to chase away the darkness, to free all beings from suffering, and to lead them – each of whom has been our mother in the past and yet has been led by ignorance to commit immoral acts – to the Amitabha, the Buddha of infinite light. My offering of light is for all living beings, even as insignificant as lice and nits, to dispel their pain and to guide them to the state of enlightenment.
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MESSAGES FROM MARTYRS
I offer this sacrifice as a token of long-life offering to our root guru His Holiness the Dalai Lama and all other spiritual teachers and lamas. [Lama Sobha recites prayers of the Mandala Offering.] The universal ground purified with blessed water spread, / This magnificent continent adorned with the sun and moon. / I offer them with pure realm of the enlightened in mind, / May all sentient beings enjoy this pure land! / My mind, body, speech, all my possessions and merits, / And this precious Mandala and all other offerings / I offer all these to the Three Jewels with my fervent prayers / Compassionately accept these and bless me and all other sentient beings. / I send forth this bejewelled Mandala to you, precious teacher! I am taking this action neither for myself nor to fulfill a personal desire nor to earn an honor. I am sacrificing my body with the firm conviction and a pure heart just as the Buddha bravely gave his body to a hungry tigress [to stop her from eating her cubs]. All the Tibetan heroes too have sacrificed their lives with similar principles. But in practical terms, their lives seemingly ended with some sort of anger. Therefore, to guide their souls on the path to enlightenment, I offer prayers that may lead all of them to Buddhahood. May all spiritual teachers and lamas inside Tibet and in exile live long. Especially, I pray that His Holiness the Dalai Lama will return to Tibet and remain as Tibet’s temporal and spiritual leader. [Lama Sobha recites this long-life prayer for His Holiness.] Circled by ramparts of snow-mountains, this sacred realm, / This wellspring of all sustenance and happiness. /Tenzin Gyatso, bodhisattva of compassion. / May his reign endure till the end of existence. / May his great deeds spread across the space. All those who have forms and are formless / Those who bear hostility towards the Buddha dharma / May all of them be found and defeated / By the Three Jewels and the power of truth. [Lama Sobha also recites other prayers.] To all my spiritual brothers and sisters, and the faithful ones living elsewhere: You must unite and work together to build a strong and prosperous Tibetan nation in the future. This is the sole wish of all the Tibetan heroes. Therefore, you must avoid any quarreling amongst yourselves whether it is land disputes or water disputes. You must maintain unity and strength. Give love and education to the children, who should study hard to master all the traditional fields of studies. The elders should carry out spiritual practice as well as maintain and protect Tibetan language and culture by using all your resources and by involving your body, speech and mind. It is extremely important to genuinely practice Buddhist principles in order to benefit the Tibetan cause and also to lead all sentient beings towards the path of en-
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Last Messages and Slogans by Tibetan Martyrs in Tibet
lightenment. Tashi Delek. To all my close friends, relatives, students, everyone from my native home and especially xx [name not clear in the audio]; I have not accumulated any wealth in my life. Whatever I had, I spent it on teaching and in pursuit of spiritual matters. This will leave no doubt or talks about having left behind huge sums of money. Thus, my siblings, relatives and patrons from different places should bear this in mind. As for my personal belongings and other items, I hope they will be given away to needy people or offered to spiritual teachers and lamas. May all the merits that I have accumulated benefit all sentient beings, especially those who are suffering in lower realms such as hell. I offer these prayers for them to attain higher rebirth. [Recites more prayers.] To my spiritual friends living in exile: I want to request you not to be sad. If you single-mindedly pray to the spiritual teachers and lamas, we will be inseparable until we all attain Buddhahood. I would like say the same thing to old people and the general public. Remember, whether in times of happiness or in times of sadness, or for that matter, under any circumstances, our only refuge is the Three Jewels. You must never forget this. Tashi Delek. 12. Lobsang Jamyang at the time of self-immolation on January 14, 2012 His last message shouting His Holiness the Dalai Lama live long. Free Tibet 13. Nun Tenzin Chodon at the time of self-immolation on February 11, 2012 Her last message shouting His Holiness the Dalai Lama should be invited to Tibet. Free Tibet 14. Nang-dol at the time of self-immolation on February 19, 2012 His last message “Do not be bogged down, raise your head Nang-dol, due to my national feeling My grateful father and mother My far and near relatives I have to die, it is time For my grateful fellow Tibetans I consign my body to fire For Tibetan brothers and sisters It is my hope, innocent me, You should stay harmoniously Tibetans should have national feeling. Not only that, he should know its language Do not forget you are Tibetan
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MESSAGES FROM MARTYRS
You should have love and pity You should respect parents Harmony must exist among Tibetans Take pity on Tibetans. Restrain killing of animals May H. H. the Dalai Lama live long. May Tibetan tulkus and high monks live long. May the Tibetans be freed from the brutal Chinese. Heavy torture exists under brutal Chinese rule. Their torture is very unbearable. The evil Chinese occupied Tibet with force. It is difficult to live under these draconian laws. The silent questionings are unbearable. The evil Chinese have no love and pity. Tibetans are killed at the end. May H. H. the Dalai Lama live long.” 15. Tsering Kyi, at the time of self-immolation on March 3, 2012 Her last message shouting His Holiness the Dalai Lama should be allowed to return to Tibet. China should give freedom to Tibet. 16. Rinchen at the time of self-immolation on March 4, 2012 Her last message shouting His Holiness the Dalai Lama should be invited to Tibet. Free Tibet. 17. Monk Jamyang Palden at the time of self-immolation on March 14, 2012 His last message, shouting His Holiness the Dalai Lama should be invited to Tibet. We should be allowed to minority freedoms and to study our language. The Dalai Lama should be allowed to return to Tibet, chanting ‘In the Snowland Tibet, etc’ which is prayer for long life of the Dalai Lama. 18. Chophag kyab and Sonam, self-immolated on April 19, 2012 Their last message, The Tibetan people have an unparalleled religion and culture besides having love, compassion and pity. But due to deceitful Chinese occupation and repression, we Tibetans lack human rights and for world peace, I have committed self-immolation. The suffering of lack of freedom for Tibetan people is more severe than my committing of self-immolation. In this world, to my most grateful parents, wife and children, near and dear relatives, we have given it a thought together and self-immolated ourselves for a free Tibet, propagation of Buddhist religion and create happiness for human beings, and for world peace. But you all should do as our last will. Although we fell into Chinese hands, you should not fight back. For us, if a single human being is not hurt, our
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Last Messages and Slogans by Tibetan Martyrs in Tibet
wish is fulfilled. If you feel bothered after our death, listen to words of great scholars and learn science of knowledges. Do not study wrong sciences. Cultivate love for one’s people. After studying one’s field of knowledges and be steady, be one and united, our hopes are fulfilled. We hope you will do as our message. 19. Final note of Rikyo, immolated on 30 May, 2012, translated by TCHRD “Prayers for world peace and happiness! To ensure His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s return to Tibet, do not indulge in slaughtering and trading of animals, do not steal, Speak Tibetan, do not fight, Bearing all sufferings of the sentient beings on myself, Do not resist by fighting if I get into Chinese hands alive, Be united, Study Tibetan culture, On fire I burn, do not worry my family.” 20. These were the last words of Tamding Thar: Immolated on 15 June 2012 ‘I take refuge in the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. I am setting myself on fire as an offering of light with hope that His Holiness the Dalai will return to Tibet, that peace will prevail on earth and that Tibet will be ruled by Tibetans.’ 21. Final note left by Nawang Norphel and Tenzin Khedup, immolated on 20 June, 2012 Source- RFA We could not contribute significantly towards the Tibetan religion and culture and we could not [help bring about] economic benefits to Tibetans. Therefore, we have decided to self-immolate with the hope that His Holiness the Dalai Lama may live long and return to Tibet as soon as possible. For the cause of Tibetans, we chose to die. We also want to appeal to our fellow youth that they should not quarrel among themselves and they should not have any ill feelings against each other. Everyone should unite to uphold the cause of the Tibetan race and nationality. 22. Dicki Choezom, self-immolated on June 27, 2012 Her last message shouting, Freedom for our country. Freedom for our wealth. 23. Monk Lobsang Tsultrim self-immolated on August 6, 2012 His last message shouting,
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MESSAGES FROM MARTYRS
His Holiness the Dalai Lama should be allowed to return to Tibet. Allow Kirti Rinpoche to return to Tibet. Let Kirti monastic school be opened. He seems to have left another will but we did not receive it. 24. Dolkar Tso, self-immolated on June 27, 2012 Her last message shouting, Gyalwa Rinpoche must return to Tibet. The Tibetan people lack freedom. Since 2009 until August 27, 2012, there have been confirmed report of 51 self-immolations. Among them, 41 persons died. Clear last messages and slogans are received from 24 as above known persons.
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㠚❊㯿ӪⲴ䚇Җ৺䇹≲
㠚❊㯿ӪⲴ䚇Җ৺䇹≲
ˊ ᒤ ᴸ ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴㖇ẁᒣ᧚˄ܗӪ˅ࠪĀ㾯㯿㾱⤜ ・ˈᝯ㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో≨ѵ傫цāⲴਓਧʽ
ˊ ˎ ˌˍˍᒤ˔ᴸˍˑᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ᰪ㖇ᐳ˄ ؇䈪、˅ࠪĀ㾯㯿㾱㠚⭡ˈԆԜ˄ᤷѝ↗˅ޡ 㿶ᡁԜˈ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿āㅹਓਧʽ ˊ ˎˌˍˍᒤ˕ᴸˎ˒ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴㖇ẁṬẁ˄ܗӪ˅઼㖇ẁ㙯 ⿻ࠪᡁԜ㠚❊ⲴഐᱟĀѝഭ᭯ᓌ൘㾯㯿㚶䐥䐿㯿ӪӪᵳˈн 㔉㯿Ӫԫօ㠚⭡৺ᒨ⾿āDŽ
ˊ ˎ ˌˍˍᒤˍˌᴸ˓ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴㗔֙৺ཞ ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯㯿㾱㠚 ⭡ˈᡁԜ㾱Ӫᵳˈ䎧ᶕˈ㯿ӪԜāㅹਓਧʽ ˊ ˎ ˌˍˍᒤˍˌᴸˍˑᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴㖇ᐳ ึĀ䴚ฏ㾯㯿㾱㠚⭡⤜・ˈ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄 എ㾯㯿āⲴਓਧ ˊ ˎ ˌˍˍᒤˍˌᴸˍ˓ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ѩ໎ᰪ ˄ܗቬ˅ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯 㯿㾱ᇇᮉ㠚⭡āㅹਓਧʽ ˊ ˎ ˌˍˍᒤˍˌᴸˎˑᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴䗮⬖ӱ ˄ܗӪ˅ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯 㯿㾱㠚⭡ˈ㾱ᒣㅹˈᝯ㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో≨ѵ傫цˈā ㅹਓਧʽ ˊ ˎ ˌˍˍᒤˍˍᴸˏᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ᤌⲫᴢ᧚˄ ܗቬ˅ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯㯿 㾱㠚⭡ˈᝯ㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో≨ѵ傫цˈāㅹਓਧʽ ˊ ˎ ˌˍˍᒤˍˎᴸˍᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ѩ໎ᒣ᧚൘ 㠚❊ࡽ⮉лҶഋԭ䚇Җ
72
⭏ભⲴ 䚇Җѻа˖
ؑሱк߉⵰˖䈧ᕐ䍤ࡠದ⧋ሪⲴབྷ䰘к ؑѝᇩ˖
䶒ሩ㔗઼ᕈᢜ㓟↓ᰐ䈟Ⲵ㯿Րᮉѻದ⧋ሪ๚ ᐳ⍋⨐㔅㢢ǃᵇ㢢㍒ᵇ઼ޘփדܗ䚝ਇᣃᦅǃ⇤ ᢃüüᡁᆱᝯѪᡁԜದ⧋ሪⲴ๚ᐳ઼דܗԜⲴⰋ㤖 ৫䎤↫DŽ ᤱሺѕ㘵ѩ໎ᒣ᧚ 䚇ҖѻҼ˖ ਼㜎Ԝˈय㾱ཡᵋʽय㾱ᙟ᠖ʽ㠚ԆӔᦒⲴ䚃৻ Ԝˈ䈧Ѫᤱ⌅Ⲵєս๚ᐳ઼ܗӪԜᜣаᜣˈᡁԜ ᘾ㜭ؑањнݱ䇨ᡁԜؑԠᇇᮉⲴ᭯ᓌ˛ 䚇Җѻй˖ ದ⧋ሪⲴ਼㜎ݴᕏԜ˖ ᜣࡠ๚ᐳ઼ܗӪԜⲴ༴ຳˈᡁԜ൘䘉䟼ᣵᘗᴹӰ Ѹ⭘˛䎧ᶕʽ ࡙ޫᮜ⌅ޛо㦓䂹ˈྲ䟾咯䘌䘌䓢䚯⤾ӪDŽ ੁц䰤⌅ᰐ⌅Ⅺ僇ѻˈབྷᖫབྷᛏⲴ⾆亦⽬ʽ Ⰻ┑ݵ㤖Ⲵѩᴻ᧚ 䚇Җѻഋ˖ ᜣࡠᮤњ㾯㯿઼Ӻᒤದ⧋ሪⲴ㤖䳮ˈᡁᰐ⌅㔗㔝⍫ л৫ㅹDŽ ˍˌ ˎˌˍˎᒤˍᴸ˒ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴⅑઼ѩቬ єӪࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈᝯ㠣ሺ 䗮䎆ஷో≨ѵ傫цāㅹਓਧʽ ˍˍ ˎˌˍˎᒤˍᴸ˒ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴㍒ᐤӱ⌒࠷ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣 ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈᝯ㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో≨ѵ傫цˈ㾯㯿Ѹ⋑ᴹᇇᮉ 㠚⭡āㅹਓਧʽ
Ԇ൘㠚❊ࡽᖅ丣䚇ˈ㓿䇠ᖅਾ䈁Ѫѝ᮷üü
ഭཆⲮޝз㯿ӪݴᕏကԜˈ൘↔ˈᡁੁѪ㯿ӪⲴ㠚⭡㘼⢪⢢Ⲵ ԕമѩ⅗⨐ѪѫⲴ㤡䳴ԜǃѪⲮޝз㯿ӪⲴഒ㚊઼㯿ൠⲴᒨ⾿㘼⥞ ࠪᇍ䍥⭏ભⲴ㤡䳴ྣݯԜˈ㺘⽪ ᰐ∄ൠᝏ䉒઼䫖֙DŽᡁᐢ㓿ഋॱཊ ˈаⴤ⋑ᴹࣷ≄ۿԜ䛓ṧˈڊԕ㠤㤏⍫ࡠӺཙDŽᡰᒨⲴᱟˈᡁ
73
㠚❊㯿ӪⲴ䚇Җ৺䇹≲ ҏࣚ࣋ൠѪ㯿᮷ॆⲴབྷӄ᰾৺ሿӄ᰾ⲴᕈᢜڊҶаӋ䍑⥞DŽ
൘ ц㓚ቔަӺᒤˈᱟ䴚ฏⲴ䇨ཊ㤡䳴ࠪ⥞ྣݯᇍ 䍥⭏ભⲴаᒤˈᡁҏᝯ䍑⥞㠚ᐡⲴ㹰㚹ᶕ㺘⽪᭟ᨤ ઼ᮜDŽᡁⲴ⢪⢢нᱟѪҶᱮ⽪㠚ᐡᴹཊѸՏབྷˈ ᡁ䈊ᗳ䈊ൠᗿᛄᡰ⣟й᱗㙦ᡂԕ৺а࠷㖚ъˈ⢩ ࡛ᱟ䠁ࡊᇶ҈Ⲵ䃃䀰ᡂüüнݱ䇨ሩ㠚䓛Ⲵ㲀ᖵ઼ ⢪⢢ˈᡁ൘↔㲄䈊ᗿᛄDŽ
а࠷Շ⭏ᵚᴹнᴮڊ䗷ᡁԜⲴ⡦⇽ˈᰐ䗩ⲴՇ⭏⭡ Ҿъ䱵仐ڊˈقлҶнਟ侦ᚅⲴ㖚ъˈᡁ䈊ᗳ䈊 ൠѪԆԜ߰ъ䳌DŽᒦфᡁਁᝯˈᐼᵋ䙽⌅⭼Ⲵа ࠷Շ⭏ˈѳ㠣 ྲ㲡ᆀㅹа࠷ᗞሿՇ⭏ˈѤ㓸ᰦᵚ ᴹ ˈнਇⰋ㤖ˈᖰ⭏ᰐ䟿Ⲵݹ䓛䗩ˈ㧧ᗇശ ┑↓ㅹ↓㿹Ⲵ᷌սDŽഐ↔ᡁᝯޫ㠚ᐡⲴሯભ઼䓛 փDŽҏѪҶӪཙሬᐸሺ㘵䗮䎆 ஷోѩ໎హ᧚ѪѫⲴ ᡰᴹ儈ܗབྷᗧ䮯ѵտцˈ㘼ᢺᡁⲴሯભǃ䓛փॆ ᴬᵝཹ㔉ԆԜDŽ 䈨俉⎲ൠ㕔㓧䴘࿉㣡 ѕ侠享ᕕഋ⍢ᒦᰕᴸ 㿲ᜣਈ⧠ޫ䈨ࡩ ؞Ґᝯ䗮䈨߰ࡩ ˄䈁㘵⌘˖ԕкᱟᴬᵝ˅ٸ 㠚Ԇ䓛䈝йцழ⌅ǃ⨐ᇍǃ࿉ழǃᴬᵝǃᲞ䍔 䈨Ӂᒫޫкᐸйᇍሺˈᛢᩴਇ䎀Ҹᡁ࣐ ᤱ˖Ā״ᖃˈṬ✝ˈ❦䛓ᴬᵝˈᓧቄӊˈㆄӊ ѸāDŽ˄䈁㘵⌘˖↔Ѫᴬᵝૂٸ䈝˅ ⅑䈤᰾ˈᡁࠪڊ䘉а㹼Ѫˈ㔍ᰐ䍚മ䂹ǃ ᮜǃ⡡ᡤㅹ㠚⿱㠚࡙Ⲵᗳᘱˈ㘼ᱟ߰Ⲵˈ㲄䈊 Ⲵˈྲ䱰ᖃᒤ㠽䓛侢㱾а㡜ˈަԆ⢪⢢Ⲵ㯿Ӫ਼ 㜎ҏᱟྲᡁа㡜ˈѪҶⵏ⨶઼㠚⭡㘼㠽⭏ਆѹDŽ һᇎкѤ㓸ѻ䱵ˈ㤕ᴹఄᚘᗳᖸ䳮ᗇ䀓㝡ˈഐ↔ᡁ ᐼᵋᡁ㜭ڊԆԜⲴᕅሬ㘵ˈᝯԕ↔࣏Ⲵޫᗧ઼࣋
74
⭏ભⲴ
䟿֯а࠷Շ⭏ᵚᶕ㧧ᗇウㄏⲴ᷌ս˗ᒦѪഭཆ 䈨ཊ儈ܗབྷᗧ䮯ѵտцˈቔަᐼᵋሺ㘵䗮䎆ஷోѩ ໎హ᧚ѪҶ䴚ฏ᭯ᮉ≨ц䮯ᆈ˖
䴚ኡ㔥ᔦ⧟㔅Ⲵ߰൏ а࠷࡙Ҁһъѻ㕈Ⓚ ѩ໎హ᧚ᛢ㿲ц丣 ᝯަ䏣㧢ᚂѵտⲮࣛ ˄ᝯһъྲᰕѝཙ˅ ˄䈁㘵⌘˖↔Ѫሺ㘵䗮䎆ஷో䮯ሯ⽸䈧᮷˅ ᝯᚦ㕈⇱ൿᮉ⌅㘵 ъ䱵仐قᴹᖒᰐᖒ ᙍᜣ㹼Ѫޕᚦ࣓㘵 йᇍ䉋ᇎ࣐ᤱ≨ᯝ䲔 ˄䈁㘵⌘˖↔Ѫሺ㘵䗮䎆ஷోᡰ㪇Ⲵ䴚ฏ⽸⾧᮷˅ ˄ᝯ↔ㅹழ⌅ㅹє˅⮕ˈٸ ↺㜌ѻᴰਁᝯ⦻ ࡙⳺ᰐ䗩䈨Շ⭏ ശ┑Პ䍔㹼ᝯ࣋ йᚦ䚃Շቭ䀓㝡 䗮䳵ຄˈ⨝䎎ଢ䳵䱯⬖⌒䗮㙦ᡰDŽ˄ᡀቡᡰᝯ ૂˈᘥ䈥Ҷй䙽˅
ੰʽ䈨ཊⲴ䠁ࡊ䚃৻઼ൠⲴؑᗂԜˈབྷᇦ㾱ഒ㔃 а㠤ˈ਼ᗳॿ࣋ˈѪ䴚ฏ㯿ӪᵚᶕⲴ㠚⭡ˈѪ㯿ൠ ⵏ↓ᡀѪᡁԜ㠚ᐡⲴᇦഝˈѪ䘉ṧⲴᴉˈݹབྷᇦ㾱 ഒ㔃а㠤ˈѪ Ҷ䘉њⴞ਼ޡḷ㘼ཻᯇˈ䘉ҏᱟᡰᴹ ⥞ࠪᇍ䍥⭏ભⲴ㤡䳴ԜⲴᗳᝯˈഐ↔ᰐ࡙⳺Ⲵа࠷ 㹼ᖴᗵ享㾱᭮ᔳˈ∄ྲ䛓ӋѪҶҹཪ㥹ኡ㘼㠚ҹ ᯇㅹDŽ ᒤ䖫Ⲵ㯿Ӫ㾱ࣚ࣋ǃऔཻൠᆖҐॱ᰾ㅹ㯿ӪⲴ᮷ॆ ৺⨶䇪⸕䇶ˈᒤ㘱Ⲵ㯿Ӫҏ㾱ᢺ㠚ᐡⲴ䓛ਓ㶽ޕ
75
㠚❊㯿ӪⲴ䚇Җ৺䇹≲
ࡠழ⌅ѻѝˈབྷᇦ㾱਼ޡᕈᢜ઼ਁኅᡁԜ≁᯿Ր㔏 Ⲵ᮷ॆǃ䈝 䀰ǃ᮷ᆇǃ仾؇Ґᜟㅹˈབྷᇦ䜭㾱࣋ᡰ 㜭৺ൠˈѪҶ㯿ӪⲴᒨ⾿઼а࠷Շ⭏Ჲᰦ㧧ᗇц䰤 ശ┑ԕ㠣ウㄏ㧧ᗇⲴ᷌ս㘼ཊڊழһˈ䘉䶎ᑨ䟽 㾱ˈ⾍ᝯབྷᇦਹ⾕ྲ ʽ ᡁ䘈㾱䇹ᡁⲴᇦӪ઼Ӣᴻྭ৻ǃhhh˄䈁㘵 ⌘˖ᨀࡠањᆇնੜнᾊ˅˖ᡁ䓛ᰐ࠶᮷ˈᡁ Ⲵа࠷䍒ӗᰙᐢᐳᯭ൘⌅ᯩ䶒ˈ䈧Ԝн㾱䈤䘉 䟼ᴹᡁⲴ䍒ӗǃ 䛓䟼ᴹᡁⲴ䍒ӗˈᡆ㘵䘉䟼䛓䟼ᴹ ᡁⲴь㾯DŽᡁӰѸ䜭⋑ᴹˈᡁⲴݴᕏကǃӢᡊᴻ ৻઼ᯭѫԜ䈧䇠տ䘉а⛩DŽ䘈ᴹˈᐼᵋᡁڊᣵⲴ؍ аӋґӢǃஷోǃ⾆ਔⲴ⢙ ૱ˈԜ㾱᤹㓖ᇊⲴᰦ 䰤ྲᮠӔ䘈DŽ 㠚Ԇйца࠷ழ⌅എੁ㔉а࠷Շ⭏ㅹˈ⢩࡛ᱟ൘ൠ ⤡ㅹйᚦ䏓ⲴՇ⭏DŽ ˄↺㜌ѻᴰਁᝯ⦻ㅹа˅⮕ˈٸ ˄↔⭏йца࠷࣏ᗧа ˅⮕ˈٸ ᴰਾˈഭཆⲴᡰᴹ⌅৻Ԝˈ䈧Ԝн㾱䳮䗷ˈ䈧 ԜѪழ⸕䇶Ԝ⽸⾧ˈѳ㠣㨙ᨀ䰤ᡁԜᵚᴹ࡛DŽ ᙉᡁⲴ㘱ӪԜ઼ⲮဃԜҏ䈧ྲᱟਁᝯˈᰐ䇪ᘛҀ оⰋ㤖ǃྭоൿǃௌоᛢˈᡁԜ䜭㾱䶐кᐸй ᇍˈ䲔Ҷйᇍ⋑ᴹ䶐༴ˈ䈧Ԝн㾱ᘈ䇠ˈ 㾯ᗧंʽ ˍˎ ˎˌˍˎᒤˍᴸˍːᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴㖇ẁ⊏ ⌻Āᝯ㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷోѩ໎హ᧚≨ѵ傫цˈ㾯㯿㾱㠚 ⭡āㅹਓਧʽ ˍˏ ˎˌˍˎᒤˎᴸˍˍᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ѩ໎ᴢ⧽ ˄ܗቬ˅ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯 㯿㾱㠚⭡āㅹਓਧʽ ˍː ˎˌˍˎᒤˎᴸˍˍᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ᵇঃ൘㠚 ❊ࡽ߉лⲴ䚇Җ˖ ᰲ䎧ඊᕪⲴཤˈѪᵇঃѻሺѕDŽ ᡁ䛓ᚙⲴ⡦⇽ǃӢ⡡Ⲵݴᕏ৺Ӣˈᡁণሶ㾱 цDŽ Ѫᚙᜐᰐ䟿Ⲵ㯿Ӫˈᡁሶ⛩⟳䓟փDŽ 76
⭏ભⲴ
㯿≁᯿ⲴྣݯԜˈᡁⲴᐼᵋቡᱟˈԜ㾱ഒ㔃а 㠤DŽ 㤕ᱟ㯿Ӫ㾱ク㯿㻵ˈᒦ㾱䇢㯿䈝ˈयᘈ㠚ᐡᱟ㯿 Ӫ˗ 㤕ᱟ㯿Ӫ㾱ᴹᛢѻᗳˈ㾱⡡ᡤ⡦⇽ˈ㾱≁᯿ഒ 㔃ˈ㾱ᙌᛟᯱ⭏ˈ⧽ᜌࣘ⢙⭏ભDŽ ⽸ᝯ˄హ⬖ѩ໎హ᧚˅䗮䎆ஷోሺ㘵≨ѵտцDŽ ⽸ᝯ䴚ฏ㾯㯿Ⲵ儈ܗབྷᗧԜ≨ѵտцDŽ ⽸ᝯ㯿≁᯿㝡≹冄DŽ൘≹Ӫ冄ᦼл㯿Ӫ䶎ᑨⰋ 㤖ˈ䘉Ⰻ㤖䳮ԕᗽਇDŽ ↔≹冄ᕪঐ㯿ൠˈ↔≹冄ᕪᣃ㯿Ӫˈᰐ⌅൘ަᚦ⌅ л㔝⮉ˈᰐ⌅ᇩᗽ⋑ᴹՔⰅⲴᣈ⼘DŽ ↔≹冄ᰐᛢᗳˈ↻ᇣ㯿Ӫ⭏ભDŽ ⽸ᝯ˄హ⬖ѩ໎హ᧚˅䗮䎆ஷోሺ㘵≨ѵտцʽ ˍˑ ˎˌˍˎᒤˏᴸˏᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ӱ ਹ˄ྣ˅ࠪĀ㾱ݱ䇨㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈѝ ഭ᭯ᓌ㾱㔉Ҹ㾯㯿㠚⭡āㅹਓਧʽ৫ᖃൠ䟷䇯Ⲵছ ᣕ䇠㘵߉ࡠ˖Āаᴸࡍˈ䇙ਹ൘оྩⲴањӢᡊ 䈸ࡠа䘎ѢⲴ㠚❊һԦᰦ㺘⽪ˈྩᖸ⨶䀓ԆԜѪ ӰѸ㾱䘉ṧڊDŽþ⋑ᴹӪਟԕۿ䘉ṧ㔗㔝⭏⍫л ৫DŽā ˍ˒ ˎˌˍˎᒤˏᴸːᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ӱ䶂˄ྣ˅ ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯㯿㾱㠚 ⭡āㅹਓਧʽ ˍ˓ ˎˌˍˎᒤˏᴸˍːᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴䱽ཞⲭⲫ ˄ܗӪ˅ࠪĀ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯 㯿㾱≁᯿㠚⭡ˈ䈝䀰㠚⭡āㅹਓਧʽ䘈ᘥ䈥䴚ኡ㔥 ᔦ⧟㔅Ⲵ߰൏ˈа࠷࡙Ҁһъѻ㕈Ⓚˈѩ໎హ᧚ ᛢ㿲ц丣ˈᝯަ䏣㧢ᚂѵտⲮࣛㅹሺ㘵䗮䎆ஷో䮯 ሯ⽸䈧᮷DŽ ˍ˔ ˎˌˍˎᒤːᴸˍ˕ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ᴢᑅహǃ ㍒ই൘㠚❊ࡽᖅ丣Ҷ䚇ౡ˖ 77
㠚❊㯿ӪⲴ䚇Җ৺䇹≲
㯿≁᯿ᱟᴹ⵰оՇн਼Ⲵᇇᮉ઼᮷ॆǃᛢ઼ழ 㢟ǃᴹ࡙ԆѻᗳⲴ≁᯿ˈնᱟˈ㯿≁᯿ਇࡠѝഭⲴ ⮕ץǃ䭷઼Ⅺ僇DŽᡁԜᱟѪҶ㯿≁᯿⋑ᴹสᵜӪ ᵳⲴⰋ㤖઼ᇎ⧠ц⭼઼ᒣ㘼⛩⚛㠚❊ⲴˈᡁԜ㯿 ≁᯿⋑ᴹᴰสᵜӪᵳⲴⰋ㤖∄ᡁؙ㠚❊ⲴⰋ㤖䘈㾱 བྷDŽ ᡁؙнᱟ⋑ᴹ㘳㲁Ԝᝏਇˈ઼Ԝ⭏↫࡛ᱟ䘏 ᰙⲴһˈҏнᱟн⧽ᜌ㠚ᐡⲴ⭏ભDŽ㘼ᱟᡁؙᘇ਼ 䚃ਸൠѪҶ㯿≁᯿ᗇࡠ㠚⭡ǃ⌅᰼ⴋ઼Շ⭏㜭ཏ 㧧ᗇᒨ⾿ˈԕ৺ц⭼઼ᒣ㘼⛩⚛㠚❊ⲴDŽ նᱟԜ㾱᤹➗ᡁⲴؙ䚇ᝯ㹼һˈྲ᷌ᡁؙ㩭≹ޕ ӪⲴѝˈԜн㾱ڊԫօᰐ⭿Ⲵ⢪⢢ˈᡁؙнᝯ ԫօӪѪ↔㘼ਇࡠՔᇣˈྲ㜭䘉ṧࡉᱟᡁⲴؙᗳ ᝯDŽྲ᷌ԜѪ Ҷᡁؙ㘼Քᗳˈ䛓ቡੜӾᆖ㘵઼к ᐸབྷᗧⲴ䈍ˈᆖҐ᮷ॆн㾱䘧䙄ˈሩᵜ᯿㾱ᛵ਼ 䏣ˈ㾱ࣚ࣋ᆖҐᵜ≁᯿ⲴⲴ᮷ॆˈᒦഒ㔃а㠤ˈྲ 㜭䘉ṧࡉᱟᡁⲴؙᗳᝯˈ᤹➗ 䚇ᝯ㹼һᱟᡁ⭡ؙ㺧 ⲴᝯᵋDŽ ˍ˕ ˎˌˍˎᒤˑᴸˏˌᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ᰕ⧆˄ ྣ˅൘㠚❊ࡽ⮉лⲴ䚇ౡ˖ ⽸ᝯц⭼઼ᒣᒨ⾿DŽѪҶ֯ሺ㘵䗮䎆ஷో㜭ཏ䘄എ 㾯㯿ˈ䃻н㾱㓥ᇩ㠚ᐡᚓൠነᇠᡆӔ᱃⢢⮌ˈᴤ н㾱˗ⴇڧ㯿Ӫ㾱䈤㯿䃎ˈн㾱ᢃᷦDŽᡁᝯѪа࠷ 㤖䳮ⲴᴹᛵՇ⭏ᣵⰋ㤖DŽྲ᷌ᡁ㩭ࡠѝޡᖃተⲴ ѝˈ䃻н㾱৽ᣇᣥࡦDŽབྷᇦ㾱ഒ㔃а㠤ˈᆖҐ᮷ ॆ⸕䇶ˈᇦӪн㾱ѪᡁⲴ㠚❊ᝏࡠՔᗳDŽ ˎˌ ˎˌˍˎᒤ˒ᴸˍˑᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴䗮ⵏຄ൘ 㠚❊ࡽ⮉лㆰ⸝䚇Җྲл˖ Ⲹйᇍˈ ⽸ᝯц⭼઼ᒣDŽ ⽸ᝯሺ㘵䗮䎆ஷోഎᖂ᭵䟼DŽ 78
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ѪҶᆸᣔ㾯㯿ഭᇦˈ ᡁሶ⥞䓛㠚❊ʽ ˎˍ ˎˌˍˎᒤ˒ᴸˎˌᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ѩ໎ݻ ⨐઼䱯ᰪ䈪ษєӪ儈Ѯ㾯㯿ഭᰇˈࠪĀ㾯㯿㾱⤜ ・ˈ㾱䗾䈧㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿āㅹਓਧʽ єӪ൘㠚❊ࡽ⮉л䚇䀰˖ Āሩᡁؙᶕ䈤ˈ⋑ᴹ㜭࣋Ӿ㾯㯿Ⲵᇇᮉ઼᮷ॆкࠪ ࣋ˈ൘㓿⍾кˈҏ⋑ᴹᑞࣙ㾯㯿Ӫ≁Ⲵ㜭࣋ˈᡰԕ ᡁؙѪҶ㾯㯿≁᯿ˈ⢩࡛ᱟѪҶ䗮䎆ஷోሺ㘵㜭ཏ ≨傫ц䰤ᒦф ቭᘛ䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㘼䘹ᤙҶ㠚❊Ⲵᯩ ᔿDŽ⸕઼ᡁؙаṧⲴ㾯㯿䶂ᒤԜˈᡁԜᐼᵋ㘼ф ҏؑབྷᇦՊ・䃃ˈ≨䘌н൘㯿Ӫ䰤䘋㹼ᯇˈ㾱 ഒ㔃а㠤ˈᆸᣔտ㾯㯿Ⲵ≁᯿䎔䈊āDŽ ˎˎ ˎˌˍˎᒤ˒ᴸˎ˓ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ᗧสᴢᇇ ˄ྣ˅ࠪĀ㠚ᐡⲴ൏ൠᖂ㠚ᐡˈ㠚ᐡⲴ䍒ӗᖂ㠚 ᐡāㅹਓਧʽ ˎˏ ˎˌˍˎᒤ˔ᴸ˒ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴㖇ẁ⅑ ࠪĀ㾱ݱ䇨㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䘄എ㾯㯿˗㾱ݱ䇨кᐸ Ṭቄᓅӱ⌒࠷䘄എ㾯㯿˗㾱䟽ᯠᔰ㻛ޣ䰝ⲴṬቄ ᓅሪ䲒ᆖṑāㅹਓਧʽᦞ䈤Ԇ൘㠚❊ࡽᴮ㓿⮉л䚇 ౡˈն㠣Ӻᵚ㜭⍱ࠪDŽ ˎː ˎˌˍˎᒤ˔ᴸ˓ᰕ㠚❊Ⲵ⡡ഭ㤡䳴ঃా᧚ ࠪĀ㠣ሺ䗮䎆ஷో䴰㾱䘄എ㾯㯿ˈ㾯㯿≁᯿⋑ᴹ㠚 ⭡āㅹਓਧʽ
Ӿˎˌˌ˕ᒤˎᴸˎ˓ᰕ㠣ˎˌˍˎᒤ˔ᴸˎ˓ᰕ Ѫ→ˈ൘㾯㯿ຳᴹṩᴹᦞˈᾊᦼᨑⲴޡᴹˑˍ ܗ؇⭧ྣ⛩⚛㠚❊ˈަѝːˍӪᐢ㓿⢪⢢DŽԆԜ ᖃѝᴹˎːӪᾊⲴ⮉лҶ䚇ౡ৺ਓਧ䇹≲DŽ
79
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