Germany by IMI PQ NET Romania

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EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND Sectoral Operational Programme for Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013 Priority Axis 3 “INCREASING ADAPTABILITY OF WORKERS AND ENTERPRISES” Key Area of Intervention 3.3 “Development of partnerships and encouraging initiatives for social partners and civil society” Project title: “The Network of Competent Authorities for Professional Qualifications in Romania (IMI PQ NET Romania)” Beneficiary: the Ministry of National Education Contract no.: SOPHRD/93/3.3/S/53132

THE PROCESSES OF CERTIFICATION OF THE COMPETENCES AND OF RECOGNITION OF THE QUALIFICATIONS IN GERMANY

Author: Professor Eng. Alexandrina Sîrbu, PhD

Translation in English: Prof Trad

March 2013 1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction…………………………………………………………..

The certification process of the competences in Germany ………..

1.1.

The education system and the diplomas / certificates obtained in its framework – General aspects …………………………………………

1.2.

Adults' Education……………………………………………………..

1.3.

The evaluation and certification of the professional competences obtained in informal and non-formal contexts ……………………….

1.4.

The German Framework of the Qualifications reported to the European Framework of the Qualifications …………………………..

The recognition process of the qualifications in Germany ………..

2.1.

The legal and institutional framework of the qualifications obtained in other member states of the European Union, the European Economic Area and the Swiss Confederation…………………………………….

2.2.

The regulated professions and the competent authorities

comparative analysis with Romania ………………………………….. 2.3.

The statistics on the regulated professions registered in the Internal Market Information System (IMI) in Germany compared with the same one in Romania ………………………………………………….

Conclusions……………………………………………………………

Bibliographic references……………………………………………..

Appendix: The regulated professions and the competent authorities in Germany …………………………………………………………........

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INTRODUCTION

The purpose project “The Network of the Competent Authorities for the Professional Qualifications in Romania” aims to achieve the following three objectives during the implementation period, as follows 1: · the creation and development of a network at national level for the support of the implementation of the Internal Market Information System (IMI), IMI PQ NET Ro, which will include all organizations (social partners) and professional associations in Romania, which are habilitated by law or other administrative documents to regulate the processes of recognition of the professional qualifications, both for the regulated professions and for the non-regulated ones, and also to draft standards and methodologies for the formation, certification and validation of the competences for these qualifications; - the development and implementation of certain common reference terms, regarding the certification standards of the competences of the Romanian workers and for the recognition of the professional qualifications of the community citizens. - the involvement of the members of the IMI PQ NET Ro network in the information exchange intermediated by the IMI platform, through the supply of information / data based on the requests addressed through this platform by the organizations / associations in the European Union and/or the European Economic Area and the Swiss Confederation. The network will develop in proportion as the European Committee will extend the Internal Market Information System (IMI) through the introduction of a large number of professions and qualifications. So, the members of the network will benefit from support and will participate to a series of training sessions which have the role to support them in the administration of the information flow which is performed through the IMI system. In the period January 01, 2013 – June 30, 2013, the presidency of the European Union Council will be ensured by Ireland, which established the following priorities, in the field of

http://www.imipqnet.ro/ro/despre-proiect/, accessed March 2013

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the education and professional training: Stability, workplaces and economic development, respectively Quality and equity In the current European social – political context, it is hereinafter presented a study of the processes of certification of the competences and recognition of the professional qualifications in the Federal Republic of Germany, compared to Romania, based on the analysis of the legislation in force, of the official reports, etc., and also on the experience accumulated in the framework of a study visit in Germany – North Rhine – Westphalia land, where there were identified examples of best practices in the field of the professional qualifications and of the implementation of the IMI system.

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1. THE CERTIFICATION PROCESS OF THE COMPETENCES IN GERMANY

1.1.The education system and the diplomas / certificates obtained in its framework - general aspects The education system in Germany is coordinated at national level by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), an institution which drafts only the general principles for education and develops its activity according to the Constitution. In Germany there are 16 different federal states (lands), each state adopting an own legislation in the education field, regarding the implementation form, the stages and also the evaluation manner in the education system. So, the education system differs from state to state, and the decisions regarding the educational system are taken for each land, and not at national level, but there are obtained the same graduation certificates recognized at national level. The education system in Germany consists of three main components and includes: the kindergarten (i) the effective education institutions (II) and the higher education system (III):2 I. The kindergarten (under the age of 6) – is not a part of the national organized school system in Germany, being almost exclusively assigned to the field of health of the child and youth.

federal

level,

the

competent

authority

the

Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend - BMFSFJ), and at the level of the lands, the competent authorities are the Ministries of Social Affairs and Youth and, partly, the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs (Kultusministerkonferenz – KMK).

Eurydice, Organisation of the Education System in Germany 2009/2010, Brussels, EACEA, 2011

(http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/eurybase/eurybase_full_reports/de_en.pdf)

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II. The effective education institutions refer to: 1. primary education in the primary cycle (6/7 – 10 years): primary school (Grundschule) 2. the secondary education in the secondary cycle (beginning from 10/11 years): general secondary school (Hauptschule), college of general education or gymnasium (Realschule), high-school (Gymnasium), high-school or middle school (Gesamtschule), and others III. The high-school system which ensures the tertiary education, under institutional aspect, includes: 1. facutlies and technical schools (Hochschule / Fachhochschule - Technische Hochschulen), pedagogical faculties (Pädagogische Hochschulen), colleges of arts amd music (Kunsthochschulen and Musikhochschulen), institutions of professional education (continuous training – Fachhochschulen) și 2. universities – general or technical (Universität / Universitäten, Technische Universitäten). The higher education in Germany is ruled according to a binary system, in which it is made the difference between the university education (effective) and the professional higher education. A model of the education system in Germany is described in image 1.

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Image legend: - doctor (colegiu academic / universitate) – doctor (academic college / university) - Master (colegiu academic / universitate) – Master (academic college / university) - Master (facultate tehnica / FH) – Master (technical faculty / FH). - Diploma / Examinare de stat (colegiu academic / universitate) – Diploma / Bachelor Degree Examination (academic college / university) - Licenta (colegiu academic) – Bachelor Degree (academic college). - Diploma (Facultate tehnica / FH) – Diploma (Technical Faculty / FH). - Licenta (Facultate tehnica / FH) – Bachelor Degree (Technical Faculty / FH) - Liceu Superior (inv. secundar de nivel avansat) (certificat) – Superior high-school (advanced level secondary education) - colegiu tehnic / scoala tehnica – technical college / technical school - liceu (inv. secundar obligatoriu) – high-school (compulsory secondary education). - colegiu de invatamant general - general education college - scoala secundara generala – general secondary school (Source: Country Module: Germany, Nuffic, 2nd ed. Feb. 2011 | version 2, Feb. 2012, p.2) Legend: The numbers indicate the nominal duration of studies (upper left corner) and the corresponding EQF3 level (upper right corner).

The structure of the educational system in Germany in the academic year 2012/2013, with the indication of all education levels is accessible on the website Eurypedia (https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Germany:Overview). II.1. The primary school (Grundschule) consists of 4 school years (I-IV grades). Normally, the elementary teacher is maintained on the entire period of the four years, excepting only certain disciplines as arts, music and sports. The evaluation system foresees grades from 1 to 6 (1 being the best grade), but. often, the children in the first classes are not scored.

(European Qualifications Framework - EQF)

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II.2. After the finalization of the primary cycle of 4 years, it follows the next preunversity stage of study, namely the secondary cycle of about 6 years, which is developed in different types of schools, like: gymnasium, college of general education or gymnasium, high-school. The following two years of superior secondary cycle can be attended in highschools of advanced level / superior secondary education schools or in technical schools and colleges. In Germany, the school is compulsory until the age of 15-16 (9-10 years of school based on the respective federal state; for instance, 16 years for Berlin, Brandenburg and Bremen). So, after the age of 10, a German student may choose one of the options of education in the secondary cycle. The secondary education is characterized through the devision in more education forms, which follow different paths, in the sense that there are different types of schools which ensure certificates of competences and allow the obtaining of differentiated qualifications at the graduation of the courses. The secondary education schools generally have a curriculum of general or through level on certain domains. When the studens finalize the compulsory secondary education (of 1st level), they can advance in the superior secondary education (of 2nd level), studying a diversified range of courses offered by the general education or by vocational schools; also, they can continue their professional training in the framework of the dual system. The evaluation system in the lower secondary education foresees grades from 1 to 6 (1 being the best grade), while the secondary education of 2nd level foresees a grading scale from 15 to 0, a system which is correlated with the grading scale 1-6 as follows: grade 1 is equivalent with 15/14/13 points, grade 2 is equivalent with 12/11/10 points, grade 3 is equivalent with 9/8/7 points, etc, until grade 6 corresponding to the null scoring. Based on the type of graduated secondary school of 1st level, and the obtained scoring following the evaluation of the competences on this education cycle (over 9-10 points), a young person may subsequently advance to a vocational school or to an institution of superior secondary education, which will allow him/her the academic training. In most of the lands, the secondary education of 1st level is performed on any of the four school types, described below:4 4

Basic Structure of the Education System in the Federal Republic of Germany â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Diagram, KMK, Bonn, 2012,

p. 1

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a. The general secondary school or gymnasium (Hauptschule) includes the 6-9 grades and proposes a basig general training, consisting of theoretical classes and many practical courses. The objective of Hauptschule is to train the students in order for them to practice a profession. At the end of the school, the graduates may obtain a diploma (Hauptschulabschluss) which should allow them to continue their studies with a professional training or to begin to work. The graduation of a form of secondary education of Hauptschule type allows the enrollment in a vocational school for specialization in a certain profession / job. b. The college of general education or the middle school (Realschule) includes maximum six years of study, from the 5th grade to the 10th grade. The education proposed in the framework of this type of school is more complex than the gymnasium of Hauptschule type, but is still a general training, corresponding to a middle study level. In the 7th grade it exists the possibility for the student to orientate to sciences / economics / foreign languages (the learning of a second foreign language), which diversifies and refines the education in the chosen field. After the obtaining of the final exam of studies, the student may advance to types of schools for training which should lead them to a professional qualification in technical schools or colleges (FOS - Fachoberschule/ Abendschule) or to high-schools in order to obtain a certificate which should allow them the access to technical superior schools (FH - Fachhochschule). The certificate obtained by the graduates of the general education of this type is named secondary school certificate (Realschulabschluss). It must be mentioned the fact that the gymnasium of Hauptschule type and the general education school (Realschule) represent types of secondary school of 1st level in the states of the former Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), while in the states from the east of Germany, we can find the middle school named Mittelschule, the high-school or the school of secondary education Sekundarschule and the regular school (for mass education / public school) named Regelschule.5

Country Module: Germany, Nuffic, 2nd ed. Feb. 2011 | version 2, Feb. 2012, p.6

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The graduates of secondary school of 1st level (Hauptschule, Realschule and other equivalent schools) obtain a graduation certificate6 (secondary school certificate, diploma of 10 grades of high-school and gymnasium), corresponding to the qualification of 1st – 2nd level according to the European Qualification Framework (EQF) so, having access to the secondary education of 2nd level. These graduates may orientate to a professional training, performing the practice in an enterprise with agreement concluded on a period of three years. This practical training may be completed by a general and technological education in a school of crafts or a vocational school (Berufsschule). The young persons who finalized the practice in a certain professions are considered qualified workers. The graduates of secondary education of 1st level of gymnasium type (general school) who have a good training level have the possibility to continue their studies of 2nd level in a high-school. c. The high-school (Gymnasium) represents an institution of general training, but more advanced, in which the training is organized on more directions, on a specialty domain, or through a multi-disciplinary or inter-disciplinary approach. The high-school lasts, depending on the land, eight or nine years (from the 5th grade to the 12th grade or 13th grade). The high-school for the superior secondary education (9th … 12th / 13th grade) is also known as Gymnasiale Oberstufe and is finalized with the German final exam named Abitur. In the last two years, the students may specialize in certain disciplines, continuing other compulsory disciplines of general culture (Mathematics, German, History, etc). The purpose of this specialization (Leistungskurse) is to facilitate the access to the higher education. The regulations regarding the choosing of these intensive courses and compulsory disciplines alt the final exam vary based on the land. The final exam is recognized at national level, but it is organized differently based on the land, and this is why no common subject exists at national level. The success at the final exam confers to the graduate a diploma named “general certificate of access to the higher education” (die Allgemeine Hochschulreife), a certificate which allows the student both the enrollment in a higher education institution, but also the beginning of certain professional training courses.

Named Realschulabschluss / Abschlusszeugnis der Klasse 10 der Hauptschule / Sekundarabschluss I / Mittlere

Reife, based on the type of the graduated school and the studied curriculum

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d. The secondary education school named Gesamtschule usually reunites the above mentioned three types of schools (Hauptschule, Realschule, Gymnasium), ensuring a more comprehensive training, in the sense that it offers more training courses. Based on the individual capacities, the students attend, beginning with the 5th grade, respectively the 8th grade, courses of different levels at certain disciplines (Mathematics, German, English, etc). Also, the students may refine their knowledge, based on their interests and abilities and choose one of the compulsory options (foreign languages, natural sciences, technology, music and plastic arts). Only in some lands there is Gesamtschule, a single high-school form for all students, they being differentiated on levels of aptitudes in each grade. Based on the lands, there are also other types of schools, which offer more than one type of education course, namely: Mittelschule (in Sachsen), Regelschule, Sekundarschule, Erweiterte Realschule, Verbundene sau Zusammengefasste Haupt-und Realschule, Stadtteilschule, Regionale Schule, Oberschule,

Realschule

plus,

Gemeinschaftsschule,

Regionalschule

Č&#x2122;i

Integrierte

Sekundarschule.7 As it was previously mentioned, the superior secondary education in Germany is developed in advanced level high-schools, of Gymnasiale Oberstufe type or in colleges and technical schools of FOS type â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Fachoberschule. Generally, the superior secondary education is delimited on two components as curriculum, a first part of the general education (1 year), with a common body of disciplines as Mathematics, German, etc, and the second part of advanced or specialized education (1-2 years), based on the type of the school. The second component may include a stage of qualification Qualifikationsphase. The educational option of Gymnasiale Oberstufe type may be performed in more types of schools, like: high-school (of Gymnasium type), the high-school Berufliches Gymnasium or Fachgymnasium and the advanced education school with several training courses of Gesamtschule type. Now, in most of the lands, it can be obtained the general certificate for access to the higher education (die Allgemeine Hochschulreife), after the successful finalization of the 12 or 13 consecutive school years of high-school of Gymnasium type, this certificate offering professional qualifications of 5th level according to EQF. 7

Lohmar B., Eckhardt T. (ed.), The Education System in the Federal Republic of Germany 2010/2011. A

description of the responsibilities, structures and developments in education policy for the exchange of information in Europe, KMK, Bonn, 2011, p.p. 112

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The students of superior high-school of Gymnasiale Oberstufe type, which prematurely abandon the school, without obtaining the certificate Allgemeinen Hochschulreife, may submit an application in order to obtain Fachhochschulreife, after they finalize at least 2 semesters of the second study stage, also named qualification stage Qualifikationsphase (the last 2 years), but this certificate does not necessarily grant the entrance in the higher education (Fachhochschule). At the finalization of the 13th grade of the high-school of Berufliches Gymnasium / Fachgymnasium type, the students receive a certificate which facilitates them the enrollment in certain faculties (Zeugnis der Fachgebundenen Hochschulreife). The technical college or the technical school of Fachoberschule type address to the graduates who have a diploma Mittlerer Schulabschluss, they usually last two years (11th â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 12th grades) and they train the students for the obtaining of a qualification in a profession or the access to a technical faculty. The graduates of this type of school, based on the duration of the studies, obtain as certificates Fachhochschulreife (corresponding to the 4 EQF level), Fachgebundene Hochschulreife and only in certain conditions Allgemeine Hochschulreife. The ones who have already finalized a professional / vocational programme can be admitted in the 12th year of Fachoberschule. The certificate Fachhochschulreife can be obtained after 12 years of high-school studies (usually, following a professional training programme and/or experience in work). In certain lands, the certificate Fachhochschulreife can also be obtained at the finalization of certain professional education forms or forms of apprenticeship of Berufsfachschule, Fachschule, Berufsschule type (usually with additional requirements. There are also other types of high-school, namely the vocational high-school which allows the student, in parallel, to work in a company. After 3 years, it is obtained a graduation certificate which certifies a certain professional qualification. Also, the graduates of 10 grades or of elementary scool of Hauptschule or Realschule type, may continue their studies in evening classes, the two cumulated forms being finalized through the obtaining of a certificate equivalent to the high-school certificate (Gymnasium), which offers them the possibility of enrollment in a faculty.

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III. The German higher education system: After graduating the 12-13 years of education and the obtaining of certain certificates (of 4 or 5 level EQF), it is opened the access to higher education, which is organized divided on disciplines (technical, etc) and study programmes. For the enrollment in a faculty or college in the tertiary system, the final examination is compulsory. The modernization reform of the education system which began in 1998 was continued through the Bologna Process (2005). So, it was performed the transfer from the long term education, which was finalized with a Bachelor Degree (for instance, Engineer Bachelor Degree) or Bachelor Degree Examination of Magister type (in the social-humanistic field) followed by the doctorate studies with the following model: Bachelor Degree (Final Examination + 3 years), Master (Final Examination + 5 years) and doctorate (Final Examination + 8 years). The current education system facilitates the process for the validation of the diplomas and the mobility of the students in Europe. Except the training in the fields: law, medicine and education, almost each programme currently begins in Germany with a Bachelor Degree. Because it is considered the fact that the lawyers, doctors and teachers fulfill positions with social responsibility, for the obtaining of the Bachelor Degree they must pass a Bachelor Degree Examination.8 So, a qualification tytle in law or medicine, is always obtained after the graduation of the Bachelor Degree Examination and an educational title of qualification is granted after the promotion of the Bachelor Degree Examination or after the obtaining of a Master Diploma. In Germany, we may distinguish the following types of higher education institutions: 1. The universities of applied sciences (technical faculties) Fachhochschulen, recently named Hochschulen, which are based on practice, in the sense that they mainly propose courses to which the theoretical knowledge is supported by practical aspects, as the training in the engineering sciences, economic sciences, educational sciences, social sciences, administration, industrial design, etc. For instance, the students in the technology field (FH) regularily perform professional stages integrated in their studies.

http://www.einstieg.com/studium/bachelor-master-diplom-magister-staatsexamen-studienabschluss.html,

accessed March 2013

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2. Faculties, colleges and schools in the social-humanistic fields, like: the pedagogical faculties Pädagogische Hochschulen, colleges of arts and music Kunsthochschulen und Musikhochschulen. 3. The general and technical universities Universität / Universitäten, Technische Universitäten, which have a double vocation of education and research. The aceess is free for certain disciplines (advanced in the secondary education), for others – especially the fields: medicine, pharmacy, psychology, etc, there is a selection system Numerus Clausus, based on the average grades obtained at the final examination / Abitur or at the equivalent examination at the end of the secondary studies. In certain universities, there is a central body which handles the entrance - Zentralstelle für die Vergabe von Studienplätzen (ZVS). The academic year is divided in semesters of about 6 months, out of which about 3 months and a half each. The winter semesters (Wintersemester, WS) generally begins in October and the summer semester (Sommersemester, SS) in April. The periods in which no courses take place (from the middle of February to the middle of April, respectively from the middle of July to the middle of October) are foreseen for the refining of the acquired knowledge and the preparation of the mid-term exams, of the homeworks (Hausarbeiten) or papers. In this period, the students may participate to a stage in Germany or abroad or they can employ on short term. At the end of each semester, if the student has studied well, he will obtain a grade (Schein) for courses (Vorlesungen) and/or practical works (Seminare). The obtained scoring varies based on the chosen path. The student has a certain liberty regarding the choosing of the disciplines and of the duration of his studies. There is a great mobility of the students, in the sense that any student in Germany can enroll in the university from the city in which the study domains are good for him or where his file was accepted. All students who cannot justify a financial support during the period of the studies (established based on the resources of the family) may request to benefit from a state allowance; the student who receives a state allowance during the higher education studies, must return it partly from the moment when he will begin to work.

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In Germany there are more than 160 universities, colleges of arts and conservatories and 200 universities of applied sciences (technical); from the institutions recognized at national level, more than 70% are in the private sector.9 Even if Germany has not an official classification, beginning with 2002, the Center for Higher Education Development (CHE), in cooperation with the Stern Weekly Magazine publish an annual classification which includes a big number of institutions. Even if in the higher education system there are applied standardized procedures, the institutional evaluation and review on the model of the quality assurance in the higher education were not considered processes, maybe because the system proved to be functional also in their absence, maybe because of other causes (the institutional autonomy in the education system; the estimated financial implications; other current priorities in Germany). However, it exists an independent agency Akkreditierungsrat, which main task is to accredit the specific organizations which perform the evaluation of the study programmes, but usually it is not involved in the evaluation of the actual study programmes. Akkreditierungsrat has 17 members, representing the federal states, the higher education institutions, the students, employers, employees and, also, international representatives. Only in exceptional conditions, Akkreditierungsrat may evaluate study programmes. Regarding the recognition of the diplomas and of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) we can mention the followings: 1. In Germany there were developed standardized procedures, doubled by specific descriptors and specific databases for the facilitation of the recognition process. So, it is applied the procedure of recognition of the Joint European Diploma Supplement (DS) based on the EU/CoE/UNESCO Diploma Supplement format. Additionally, the German system observes also the treaty of the Northern Countries. The recognition of the diplomas based on these common procedures is applied both in universities and also to the graduates of the university colleges. 2. Germany has developed specific procedures for the recognition of certain credits which they published on the internet page of the competent authorities. The procedures are complex and they follow standards with specific descriptors for the facilitation of the administrative monitoring process of the efficiency of the process. 9

Country Module: Germany, Nuffic, ed.a2-a, Feb. 2011 | version 2, Feb. 2012, p. 9

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If we analyze in a comparative manner the education system from the Federal Republic of Germany and, respectively, from Romania, we may notice notable differences from an administrative – organizational, but also conceptual – functional point of view. Even if each land has its own legislation, with a great autonomy in the administration of the education activities, at federal level there are observed the same basic educational principles, and the recognition of the professional qualifications obtained through the formal education is national, even if the obtaining manners of the respective competences may vary. The educational system in Romania is centralized, and the institutional autonomy is visible especially in the higher education. Like Romania, the compulsory education, respectively up to the lower secondary level (10 grades) has a general character, its function being one of training of the students for the education courses at superior secondary level, respectively in order to ensure the access to a vocational / professional or university training. The education system in the 9th …12th or 13th grades differs as approach, implementation and results in the two countries, being obviously the orientation of the German system to the gradual training of the professional competences, which should answer in the best way possible to the needs of the labor market, in the context of the social and economic dynamics. Also, there is a great flexibility regarding the duration and the modalities for the obtaining of the professional qualifications in Germany, so, the education of secondary level, respectively tertiary, represents an open system, which allows the easy transfer from a course type to another. As a rule, the same qualifications can be subsequently obtained in the institutions for the adults education. As opposed to Romania, in Germany the vocational secondary education system (the equivalent of the vocational and technical education in Romania) is consolidated and it exists a clear distinction (regarding the results of the learning process) in the tertiary education between the academic training and the vocational one.

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1.2. Adults' Education

At European level, in the framework of the policies in the fields of the continuous education and training, the education of the adults has the following objectives: 路 the acquiring of a basic training of the citizens, the permanent extension and renewal of the knowledge, abilities and competences. - the facilitation of the access of the persons, no matter the age, to the education types of the educational system. - the improvement of the professional qualification or the acquiring of a training for the exercising of other professions. - the development of the personal professional capacities and the consolidation of the capacity of participation to the social, cultural, political and economic life; - the promotion of the programmes which correct / reduce the risks of social exclusion, especially from the more under-privileged sectors. - the assurance of equal chances to the seniors in order for them to improve and to update their competences and the promotion of the effective equality in rights and equality of chances between men and women; - the anticipation and the calm settlement of the social conflicts; The German educational system is based on the Bildung concept, a notion which associates the obtaining of knowledge at the same time with the personal development. The German education does not lay emphasis only on the transmission of knowledge, but also on the development of the personality of the student, and this basic idea which represents the origin of the German educational system, manifests in all school stages. Referring strictly to the German educational system, it is important to mention the fact that the education (Bildung10) is a field especially related to the competence of the lands, so, existing important variations based on the laws of each federal state. 10

Bildung / European Associations for the Education of Adults (http://www.eaea.org/index.php?k=15098; last accessing:

March 27, 2013)

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As it was noticed from the general presentation of the education system, in Germany there is a great flexibility regarding the choosing of the formal education path, a young German having the possibility to choose a shorter cycle of studies, which should ensure him direct access to certain professional qualifications or a longer cycle of studies, which should ensure him the enrollment to the studies in the higher education. Also, there is the possibility, after a time interval in which he performed stages of practice or exercised a profession, to come back to forms for the completion of the studies. For a number of about 350 professions or crafts, the education of the adults may be performed through the dual education system, which means the professional training through two different branches: the theoretical training and the school of crafts, respectively the qualification directly at the workplace through apprenticeship under the coordination of an authorized instructor foreman. The dual education is not a school system itself, but an education alternative for the persons who finalize the compulsory education of 10 years. After ten years of study, the graduates may choose to continue their studies for the obtaining of an academic qualification, for instance, or to take part to a professional training in a craft. The dual education is a modality to attract young persons in the labor field, after the professional training they being free to employ wherever they want. It is considered that the unemployment is below 10% because of the dual system. This is why the German economy spends almost 30 billion EUR gross for the dual training, and the state spends annually about 3 billion EUR for the vocational schools.11 The general objective of professional training in the dual system through the superior secondary education and the vocational schools are the followings: ď&#x201A;ˇ The obtaining of a professional qualification for the personnel related to a qualified workplace (recognized professions which need formal training), ď&#x201A;ˇ The access to education for the obtaining of a superior qualification In Germany, almost two thirds of any age group develop a professional training in the dual system for a period of two or three years, based on the respective profession / craft. Even if no age limit is imposed, the statistics showed that, usually, the students are between 16 and 21 years old. As it was previously mentioned, this training is described as a dual system, because it is performed in two learning places: at the workplace and in a 11

Data taken over from the Chamber of Commerce and indusry in Koln, June 2013

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vocational school (Berufsschule). The purpose of the professional training is double: on one hand to confer, in the framework of a well structured training course, knowledge, abilities and professional competences necessary in order to practice a qualified profession in a changing world, and, on the other hand, the professional training must supply / ensue the minimum necessary professional experience. The theoretical training for the professional training in the dual system can be organized in superior secondary education institutuins and vocational schools with normal program, with part-time or evening courses. The types of vocational schools and technical schools differ based on the land, being named

different

manners:

Berufsfachschule,

Fachoberschule,

Berufliches,

Fachgymnasium. Berufsfachschulen are schools which offer a part of the professional / vocational training in one or more recognized professions which need formal training (anerkannte Ausbildungsberufe) from the fields of the businesses, foreign languages, technical or hand-made, commerce or social-economic, artistic, health.

Based on

specialization, the training duration in the Berufsfachschulen varies from one to three (maximum 3 1/2 ) years and, as access conditions, the student must hold a certificate of Hauptschulabschluss or Mittlerer Schulabschluss type. If such schools do not offer a complete qualification, the successfully finalization of the respective school can be credited as part of the training period (in certain conditions) in crafts which need formal training.12 In order to prove the equivalence of a qualification of professional training in a Berufsfachschule with double professional training, in certain lands, the good graduates may take an exam in front of the competent authority. For the qualification through the schools of crafts, it is applied the national legislation (federal), compared to the qualification at the workplace, where the local legislation is applied (of the respective land). According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), the continuous professional training in the Fachschule is part of the tertiary sector. According to the reported data, from the persons enrolled in programmes of professional training in the framework of the dual system in 2009, about 33.1% were graduates of lower secondary level of Hauptschulabschluss type, 43% had a Schulabschluss 12

According to Article 7 in the Law of the Professional Training - Berufsbildungsgesetz - R80

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Mittlerer certificate, while the number of the graduates of superior secondary level with Hochschulreife or Fachhochschulreife corresponded to a percentage of 20.4%. Complete information and data regarding the professional education and training in Germany and especially about the dual system are available in the Annual Report regarding the Professional Education and Training (Berufsbildungsbericht anual) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung - BMBF). Additionally to the formal education, there are also other training ways on key competences and continuous professional training. The continuous education is offered by municipal institutions, by private institutions, by institutions of the church, by the chambers of commerce and industry, by the chambers of crafts, by political parties and professional associations, by public authorities and companies, by education institutions, etc. For instance, for the education of the adults, the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung – BIBB) in Bonn is the largest in the whole world, it is financed in a percentage of 95% from the national budget; it has 640 employees and five departments (management, international relations, researches in the innovation field, social policies, knowledge management). The professional training places outside the school (at the work place) are available in industry and commerce, and also in the sector of the public service, in the independent professions and, to a smaller extent, in the particular households. The professional training is based on a private law training agreement concluded between a company – supplier of training, and the student, and registered at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the respective land. The students take part to the training at the workplace three or four days per week in the enterprise and up to two days at the theoretical training in the vocational school Berufsschule13.

In the agreements concluded between trainers and students, there are established also confidentiality clauses, for the protection of the secret information (specific to the workplace), similarly to any labor agreement. Also, according to the concluded agreement, during the period of the training (for two – three years), the student must remain in the respective enterprise as apprentice. The agreement is concluded only for the training part, in 13

In this case, the teachers which ensure the theoretical training are paid from the national budget

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the sense that there are no contractual clauses which oblige the students to remain in the enterprise after the finalization of the two-three years of training. After the finalization of the training period, the enterprise may make a labor offer to the student, but this will represent the object of a separate agreement. In Germany it is forbidden by law (see Labor Code) for the enterprise to oblige the student to remain for a certain period of time after the finalization of the professional training. The enterprises â&#x20AC;&#x201C; professional training suppliers in the dual system are mostly small and medium size enterprises. The enterprises are stimulated (including fiscally) to offer many places for professional training / vocational education. The practical training is organized by the enterprise , which will ensure the financing for this training, including the salary of the student. So, the professional training companies assume the training costs at the workplace and pay to the student a training compensation which, usually, is in compliance with a collective negotiation agreement for the respective economic activity sector. The value of the compensation increases with each year of training and is, on average, almost one third from the initial salary for a qualified person in the respective profession. Another advantage of the enterprises is represented by the fact that they use the apprentices from the second year of professional training, so that they do not have to employ qualified workers with bigger salaries on crisis periods of about two-three years (the period of the apprenticeship). Also, an enterprise may reject a student based on strong reasons or it can send him to another branch with better equipment (last generation equipment). The number of agreements which can be concluded by an enterprise for the practical training in the dual system is established based on its capacity of training, which is established by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK).

The qualification of the companies of training supply, including the training personnel, is supervised by the autonomous competent authorities, namely the Chambers of Commerce and Industry, on different branches of the industry and on professions. For instance, for the professional training through the qualification at the workplace, the person appointed as instructor / mentor / tutor must obtain a specific diploma. Among the conditions necessary for a foreman / engineer to become mentor / tutor for the practical training, we may

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find the necessity of the graduation of a psychological – pedagogic module14. Also, a mentor / tutor may train maximum three students. The tutors / mentors are paid additionally by the enterprise based on the number of worked hours. Like the professional training system in Romania, the training course is developed based on a training plan and a curriculum according to a framework curriculum Rahmenlehrplan, which should allow the acquiring of the knowledge, professional aptitudes and qualifications necessary for each profession. But, compared to Romania, the professional training through the dual system is performed much more rigorously. For each craft it is only one standard manual for professional training, valid until the moment when the competences necessary for the practicing of the craft are fundamentally changed15 (in a percentage of about 30%). For instance, for the persons who manually manufacture musical instruments, the competences are not often changed, but for the electronics engineer the manual is changed once at two years. For the performance of the manuals, there are used experts from different authorities / ministries, and the new specializations are promoted by the industry and approved at a land level and, then, at national level. As part of the learning for the entire life, the continuous education became more and more a very important education field, developed at European level on a differentiated structure. For this purpose, there were initiated many actions which purpose is to increase the mobility on long term in the framework of the labor market in Europe.

The key words like Euro-Pass (standard form for the formation of the image, of the professional qualifications, ex. curriculum vitae) or the European Qualifications Framework – EQF – reference framework for professional education and training have the objective to identify the acquired knowledge, aptitudes and competences and to represent eight different levels of competences, comparable at regional level. In the field of the higher education, it is already implemented the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System – ECTS model,

Observation: there are differences between the psychological – pedagogic module which must be covered by

the tutor / mentor and the one of the teacher (of formal education) 15

the amendments of the manuald / standards are performed until August 1st, sot that they can be applied

beginning with October of the same year.

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which improves the transparency and comparability of the courses and of the academic results. In the field of the professional training, it was initiated the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training, for the improvement of the educational and training systems in the framework of the community, so that to ensure the transparency and the methods of recognition in the framework of the professional education and training at European level. In other words, the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ECVET was defined in order to facilitate the transfer and the recognition of the results of the learning of the persons. For this purpose, ECVET proposes to improve the comparability and compatibility between the different national systems of training and qualification. ECVET supports the individual learning methods, through which the students may acquire, in a certain period, the requested learning units or may obtain the results of the learning for a specific qualification, in different states and in different learning situations. The ECVET system also allows the development of the common competences for aptitudes, and the principles are entirely comparable with the ECTS system.16 The ECVET instruments include, according to the recommendations of the European Committee, the description of the qualifications in units of the results of the learning with the corresponding points. So, ECVET represents a much more transparent and technical framework regarding the learning results, which were obtained by a person.

The ECVET introduction and implementation is voluntary at European level, but a first term for the implementation of the ECVET system was fixed in 2012. The national systems of qualification shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be replaced or divided, and it will be prescribed no obtained result of the learning of the persons, the target being the harmonization of the qualification systems. Now, in Germany, it is applied the German system of credits for vocational education and training, named DECVET. For the implementation of DECVET in the Federal Republic of Germany, there were developed several projects of transnational (CREDCHEM, AEROVET) and national EASYMetal, ESYQC) mobilities.17 16

http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learningpolicy/doc50_en.htm ; last accessing May 2013

Data offered by the representatives of BIBB in Bonn, June 2013

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One of the main modalities for the improvement of the mobility of the qualified persons in the European space, and not only, is the IT utilization in this process, enough regulated on European plan, but the transposing in the national level was proved to be slow and incomplete. Through the modernization process of the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications, it is intended the introduction of the European professional card, another instrument based on the very fast communication technology with concrete effects and maximum efficiency in the professional mobility process (the recognition process of the holder of the card and of the information regarding his qualification is very short. The European Professional Card issued by the competent authority in the member state where the qualification was obtained (it can be the state of origin or another member state of the European Union) consolidates the role of the issuing state in the verification process of the conditions imposed through the modernized directive (for instance: if the applicant is legally established as host or if the diplomas are authentic, etc). Through the use of the European Professional Card, the competent authorities in the host member state are no longer in the situation to mobilize resources (human, logistic, etc) in order to verify the information which, previously, were analyzed by the member state of origin. So, the simple verification of the card could be enough for the confirmation of the fact that the holder has the right (fulfills all conditions) for the exercising of the profession in the host member state. Even if the certificates and diplomas regarding the different qualifications remain often valid on the entire professional life of a person, the knowledge, aptitudes and competences necessary on the labor market and in the society on the whole, evolve very fast. So, the certifications and professional qualifications, once they are obtained, are often not enough in order to ensure the continuous professional insertion during a life time. In other words, the finalization of a formal qualification must be seen, now, as a step forward in the permanent education field rather than a purpose itself. If we compare the dual training system in Germany with the continuous training and the vocational education system in Romania, we will notice many differences, even if the objectives of the education of the adults are the same. The German dual system is better organized, the German state, through its institutions and allocated resources (financial, human, logistic, etc) is directly involved in the implementation of this type of education.

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The activities of theoretical and practical training are standardized and rigorously monitored for the obtaining of the learning results and the individual development of the persons. For instance, in Germany, the quality standards and the monitoring of the activities are coordinated by the National Institute of Vocational Training. Also, the quality of the training suppliers is evaluated on the labor market based on the qualification degree and the proved competences of the persons trained by them, at the moment of the exercising of the profession / at the workplace. There are notable differences also regarding the training duration (which is bigger in Germany). In Germany there exist also a probationary employment of about 1-4 months, and the apprentice is remunerated with a variable salary (for instance between 250 and 1200 EUR, based on the field) by the training supplier (for the practical training) based on a professional training agreement concluded between the employer and the apprentice (registered in the register at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry). Compared to Romania, also the institutions responsible for the testing and certification of the competences are different, in Germany, these being the Chambers of Commerce and Industry, the Chambers of Crafts, the Technical Colleges, the Agricultural Chambers for the crafts in the technical and hand-made field (electricity, processing of metals, processing of wood, auto, IT, constructions, media, food, health, fashion, beauty, etc), respectively in the commercial field (office administrator / officer, auto dealer, food sales, boats sales, etc).

Among the main success factors of the dual system we can mention the fact that the system is opened for the graduates of any study domain, there are no access conditions, and the persons trained in this system benefit from a very good and advanced training â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in the sense that they receive a specialization on a certain domain, and the transmitted knowledge is correlated with the last minute scientific, technical or economic-social news in the respective activity field. However, in a study performed by the Chambers of Commerce and Industry, it was noticed that in each year it decreases the number of the young persons who choose the dual system, namely 49% from the high-school graduates choose the higher education and about 45% begin effectively this vocational education stage.

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The Chambers of Commerce and Industry have various initiatives for the motivation of the young people for the participation to / involvment in the professional training through the dual system. Now, there are developed in total nine programmes or actions in Koln / North Rhine – Westphalia land, out of which we mention:18 1. The programme KURS (Kooperation Unternehmen der Region und Schulen) of cooperation between the business regions and schools – the Programme is a joint initiative of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry in Köln, Aachen and Bonn and its purpose is the consolidation of the collaboration between companies and schools from the same region through the development of regional cooperation networks and through the building of long-lasting partnerships for the benefit of all partners. 2. The organization of the fourth reunion of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Koln, to which there participated 72 enterprises with more than 200 offers and over 2,500 visitors. It was organized a session of fast presentations / meetings (of “speed dating” type) in which each applicant had at his disposal 10 minutes in order to present himself in front of the representative of an enterprise; 3. The organization of a summer school 4. The organization of the contest “The trainer of the year” (Ausbilder 2013, Koln).

Data offered by the representatives of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK) in Koln, June 2013

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1.3. The evaluation and certification of the professional competences acquired in informal and non-formal contexts The certification of the professional competences acquired both through formal education and also in informal or non-formal contexts is performed through legally stipulated procedures. The main objectives and benefits of the certification process of the professional competences are: · The promotion of the education for the entire life; · The assurance of the transparency on the labor market, making visible the professional qualifications of the employees from the sectors which need qualified employees. · The favouring of the social cohesion, because it improves the chances of the defavoured persons or groups on the labor market. · The improvement of the professional mobility of the citizens in the European space, in order to offer a bigger transfer of the professional competences between countries. There were defined the principles based on which it is performed the evaluation procedure of the professional competences obtained through other ways than the formal ones, as being: - validity – the evaluation is based on competence proofs which result from the activities described in the occupational standard / the professional training standard / the profession manual. - credibility – the evaluation uses methods which lead to the same result; - impartiality – the evaluation allows the involment of all interested ones, without a particular interest to predominate - flexibility – the evaluation adapts to the needs of the candidates and to the particularities of the workplace; - confidentiality – the data regarding the manner of development and the result of the process belong to the beneficiary; 29

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- simplity â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the evaluation process is easy to understand and to apply by all involved persons

The evaluation and certification of the professional competences obtained in informal or non-formal context in Germany is regulated for the professional training since the second half of the last century, Similarly, also in Romania, the evaluation and certification of the professional competences acquired through other ways than the formal ones was regulated19. The aspects of regulation for the professional training in companies and in jobs in Germany are included in the Professional Training Law (Berufsbildungsgesetz - R80) in 1969 and the Crafts Law (Gesetz zur Ordnung des Handwerks - R81) in 1953, with the subsequent completions. The legislation includes provisions about the examination system and the supervision of the training activity, including of the professional training organization. For instance, there are defined the functions held by the Chambers of Commerce and Industry acting as competent authorities and their professional training committees. The Chambers of Commerce and Industry (IHK) have both a role of consultancy and counselling and also a role of observation and control regarding the development of the professional training process in dual system. Each enterprise supplier of professional training is controlled and evaluated by the Chambers of Commerce and Industry, in order to establish if it has the capacity to organize the adequate practical training in the dual system. Additionally to the accreditation or certification of the enterprises which supply professional training â&#x20AC;&#x201C; for the practical training, the Chambers of Commerce and Industry also handle the registration of the agreements and the organization of the examinations, all these being recognized on the territory of Germany.

More than

that, the Chambers of Commerce and Industry have counselling role also for applicants, future students / apprentices.

see the Order MEC/ MMSSF no. 4543/468 on August 23, 2004 for the approval of the Procedure of

evaluation and certification of the professional competences obtained on other ways than the formal ones and the Order no. 3329 / 81 on February 23, 2005, for the amendment and completion of the Procedure of evaluation and certification of the professional competences obtained on other ways than the formal ones .

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Also, there were established compulsory training regulations (Ausbildungsordnungen) in order to establish the national standards, which are independent from the operational needs of the companies – training suppliers at the current moment and which fulfill the conditions foreseen in the respective profession. BERUFENET

network

formed

online

service

(http://berufenet.arbeitsagentur.de ), which offers information about the occupational standards for 4800 of professional activites in Germany. The professions related to the dual system in Germany were divided in several categories: professions from industry, from commerce, crafts, professions from health, professions of strict specialty (for instance biomedical analyst) and professions which involve the work at the office (for instance, professions in the field of the purchases, sales, etc). The evaluation and certification of the professional competences in dual system is based on the verification of the refining of the knowledge, abilities and professional competences obtained following a training programme which observes a framework curriculum plan, specific for each profession or craft. Also, the validation system of the nonformal and informal learning results is well delimited, in the sense that: 

the validation always takes place through the reporting to a national standard and must be finalized with the granting of a certificate which mentions what the candidate knows, what he is able to do or to understand in correlation to the respective standard.



the suppliers of professional education and training, public or private, may offer / grant this validation.



the validation is orientated to the labor market / the development of the professional career.



anybody may be subjected to an evaluation and validation process, there are no restrictions in terms of sector – domain of professional education and training.

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For the development in good conditions of the activities of professional training, the Chambers of Commerce and Industry control each enterprise â&#x20AC;&#x201C; supplier of training regarding: the capacity of setting up new workplaces; the characteristics of the work space in order to establish if it is adequate, the evaluation of the tutor / mentor / foreman who will train the student and who belongs to the training supply company. The certification itself, namely the evaluation and validation of the results of the learning and the certification of the professional competences, is performed by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. For crafts, usually, the final test is represented by a practical exam 20, in front of a committee of which the tutor/foreman who performed the training at the workplace is part. The testing in other professions (for levels superior to the qualification level 3/4) differs, but it observes the procedures specific to the respective field. According to the data offered by the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Bonn, for the professions in the dual system, each student takes a final exam (there are about 10,000 exams / year) and the promotion percentage of the graduation examinations is over 95%. After the exam, the grade of the graduate may be or may not be written on the certificate (upon the request of the graduate). It must be mentioned the fact that, in Germany, there is no supplement to the certificate, because the competences are standardized at national level, being mentioned in the manuals specific to each profession / craft. In the Federal Republic of Germany, there are recognized the diplomas and the qualifications obtained in other countries. For instance, in Koln there is a department which organizes exams for the persons who attended only at the courses (theoretical training) in another country or the foreigners who come in Germany. The courses are recognized, and the applicants may perform / continue only the practical training. Like in Germany, for the evaluation of the professional competences acquired in informal or non-formal contexts, in Romania there are applied legal procedures, the final testing for the professional qualifications corresponding to 1, 2, and 3 qualification levels 21 being 20

represented

theoretical

and

practical

exams.

The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) establishes the requirements for exams

for the professions / crafts in the dual system. 21

according to the National Qualification Framework (NQF) - RomĂ˘nia

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Compared to Germany, the certification process of the competences in Romania is not so rigorously implemented, and the organization of the evaluation and the validation of the results, respectively the certification represent the jurisdiction of other competent institutions than the Chambers of Commerce and Industry.

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1.4. German Framework of the Qualifications reported to the European Framework of the Qualifications For the recognition of the qualifications in Germany it was drafted a national framework of the qualifications, namely the German Qualification Framework (GQF) Deutscher Qualifikationsrahmen (DQR) which is now in a process of improvement. The German Qualification Framework for continuous learning was developed in the Federal republic of Germany beginning with October 2006 by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) together with the Permanent Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the lands (KMK). At the performance of the German Qualification Framework there took part ministries, organizations of the employers, organizations of the employees, the Council of the Rectors. The starting point for this decision was the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the setting up of an European Qualification Framework (EQF), which entered in force on April 23, 2008. 22 There are three important stages of the implementation of the European Qualification Framework and the construction of the German Qualification Framework, which will be finalized in 2017. A first form of the German Qualification Framework was discussed in February 2009, being laid emphasis on the basic notions, the terms (glossary) and on the matrix of aligning of the qualification levels. Now, CGC/DQR describes the professional and personal competences on eight reference levels which orientate the alignment of the qualifications from the general education, higher education and professional training. The German Qualification Framework includes all qualifications in the framework of the German education system for each education field. Starting from the principles of the European Qualification Framework (EQF), the German Qualification Framework was implemented, being adapted to the specific characteristics of the German education system 22

http://www.deutscherqualifikationsrahmen.de/ , las accessing February 2013

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and offers assistance in the performance of the adequate evaluation and the assurance of a correct equivalence for the German qualifications in Europe regarding the results of the learning. The objectives of the German Qualification Framework refers to the performance of equivalences and the establishing of the differences between the professional qualifications in order to increase the transparency and to support the mobility of the persons in the exercising of the community rights on the German territory in the field of the education and of the access on the labor market. Also, another objective is represented by the encouraging and increase of the access and, respectively, the participation to the education for the entire life and the use of the qualifications for everybody, including for the categories of disadvantaged persons or effected by unemployment. A great part of the recommendations stipulated at European level was already integrated in the German Qualification Framework and the German educational system, namely: 1. to use the European Qualification Framework as a reference instrument in order to compare the qualification levels of the different qualification systems 2. to promote the education for the entire life, 3. to observe the diversity of the national education systems, 4. to establish professional qualification levels with a clear correspondence between the Grrman and European Qualification Framework, 5. to develop the German Qualification Framework according to the legislation and national practices (the process is continuously improved); 6. to use an approach based on the learning results for the definition and description of the qualifications and to promote the validation of the non-formal and informal education, 7. to promote and to apply the quality assurance principles in education and training. Now, in Germany, there are successfully applied the instruments used in the European policy regarding the European Qualification Framework. According to the principles of the education of Bildung type, previously mentioned, both the professional competences and the transversal competences (autonomy and liability, team work, own initiative, etc) are focused.

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Compared to the situation in Germany, until now, the National Qualification Framework in Romania was not finalized through the matrix alignment to the eight levels of qualification corresponding to the European Qualification Framework. In 2011 the National Authority for Qualifications finalized the National Qualification System in the Higher Education in Romania (CNCIS) 23, the National Qualification Framework for the other levels corresponding to the pre-university and vocational education being in process of finalization.

http://www.anc.edu.ro/index.php?page=cadrul-national-al-calificarilor-cnc , last accessing March 2013

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2. THE PROCESS OF RECOGNITION OF THE PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN GERMANY

2.1. The legal and institutional framework of the qualifications obtained in other member states of the European Union, the European Economic Area and the Swiss Confederation The recognition of the qualifications for foreigners in Germany is done differentiated for the access to studies and for the exercising of the profession.

1. Academic recognition: The recognition of the school qualifications is necessary for the continuation of the studies in the secondary or tertiary formal education or for the vocational education in informal or non-formal contexts. Also, in the process of the recognition of the professional qualifications for the applicants who want to exercise certain regulated professions, there are also considered the school qualifications obtained in other member states of the European Union and European Economic Area, to the extent in which the professional competences are recognized in Germany. So, the development perspectives of a professional career in Germany can be limited for the candidates without recognized qualifications obtained through school graduation.

The process of recognition of the school qualifications is started upon the request of the candidate. As a rule, the applications for the recognition of the school qualifications in Germany can be submitted by any person, no matter the nationality of the applicant. Usually, the academic recognition targets the school graduation certificates.

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Based on the international treaties in the field, of the treaties of the European Union and of the principles of development of the national educational system, Germany applies the principles of the recognition of the studies from the country of origin of the applicant based on certain documents which are displayed in a transparent manner on the Internet page of the responsible authorities. For this purpose, the recognition procedure of the studies, applied in Germany, is not very generous. It must be noticed the fact that the law of the Federal Government regarding the recognition24 does not include provisions regarding the evaluation of the general school qualifications, the procedure based on transferable credits for the students who did not finalize a schooling cycle being applied arbitrary at the level of the management of the German schools from case to case. For this purpose, the decisions regarding the school credits obtained by the young persons who did not finalize the schooling yet and want to transfer to a German school, are taken by the director of the respective school, though consulting with the responsible authority for education, usually, after the candidate participated to testing and selection lessons. 25 So, the recognition of the school qualifications obtained abroad in the pre-university education system is limited to the school graduation certificates. These can be considered equivalent with the German graduation certificates, in certain conditions. The offices of the lands for the recognition of the certificates establish an equivalence with a German qualification at superior or lower secondary level for professional purposes, for instance for the professional training. The recognition of the graduation certificates for the access to the superior education is the responsibility of the universities. The German institutions of higher education are responsible for the recognition of the qualifications obtained at a foreign university and of the results of the learning26 accumulated abroad. Not even these procedures enter in the field of action of the Recognition Act; the legal ground varies based on the purpose of the recognition and the country of origin. The questions regarding the use of foreign academic titles must be addressed to the Ministry of Science of the respective land. 24

The Recognition Act (Download PDF, 350 KB), last accessing December 2012

http://www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.de/html/en/65.php , last accessing December 2012

see the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS)

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The legal base for the academic recognition of the qualifications obtained in the higher education target the provisions of the Convention from Lisbon or of the European conventions which are applied in the countries which did not ratify the Convention from Lisbon, to the extent in which these agreements were ratified in the respective state.27 The graduates of higher education who obtained qualifications in other member state of the European Union than Germany, for the qualifications corresponding to non-regulated professions in Germany, may apply directly for the occupation of a workplace on the German labor market. However, for the improvement of the career perspectives in Germany, they may request the evaluation of their academic qualifications, the evaluation being performed by the Central Office for External Education (Zentralstelle f체r Ausl채ndisches Bildungswesen ZAB). The official evaluation document describes the qualifications of the abroad higher education, and also the possibilities to use them for professional and academic purposes. The evaluation of the certificate includes a comparison with the German certificates: the document mentions the final German qualifications, which are compared with the foreign certificate and offer information about the options for the continuation of the studies, as the case may be, and the professional recognition procedure. The evaluation procedure of the certificate is not equivalent with the recognition of the professional qualification.

2. The recognition of the professional qualifications: As it is already known, the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications, which entered in force in 2005, foresees that the member states of the European Union, of the European Economic Area and Switzerland recognize reciprocal the professional qualifications as being equivalent for the regulated professions and guarantee the free reciprocal access to the internal labor market for the European citizens who practice these professions. The legal and institutional framework applied in Germany in the field of the professional qualifications recognition is offered by e legislative pack which was harmonized with the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications. 27

These convesntions may be consulted on the website of the Central Office for External Education (ZAB) -

(http://www.kmk.org/zab/veroeffentlichungen-und-beschluesse/akademische-anerkennung.html , last accessing November 2012)

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For this purpose, now, in Germany there are applied: the Law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications (Gesetz Ăźber die Feststellung der Gleichwertigkeit von Berufsqualifikationen; Berufsqualifikationsfeststellungsgesetz -BQFG)28, respectively the Law for the improvement of the evaluation and recognition of the foreign professional qualifications, also named the Recognition Act29. The professional qualifications validation law (BQFG) is a federal law which regulates the procedures and criteria for the analysis and validation of the foreign professional qualifications, and also for their comparison with the relevant qualifications in Germany. BQFG creates for the first time, for everybody, no matter the nationality, the right by law to an individual examination of the validation of their qualifications for the persons who exercise professions whose professional training is performed in Germany in the dual system. Even if it is not performed full validation, there are established the existing competences and there are described the main differences. This helps the nationals to apply for certain professions on the labor market in Germany and allows them to qualify in a punctual manner, where the case may be. BQFG applies only when the special occupational / professional laws, respectively the commercial professional laws do not foresee specific procedures regarding the recognition. The special provisions of the professional laws (for instance for doctors and nurses responsible for general care, etc) are applied in validation procedures of the qualifications for the respective professions and have priority in front of the law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications. BQFG particularly applies for all 350 professions, which need professional qualifications which can be obtained through the dual training system. According to the law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications, the Chambers are responsible for the evaluation of the validation of the qualifications in the professions corresponding to the dual system in Germany and which enter in their competence field, as follows:

http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bundesrecht/bqfg/gesamt.pdf, Professional Qualifications Assessment Act â&#x20AC;&#x201C; BQFG, last

accessing March 2013 29

The Recognition Act (Download PDF, 350 KB), last accessing December 2012

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The Chambers of Commerce and Industry (IHK) have in their competence field the commercial and industrial / technical professions (for instance mechanical industrial). There is a central agency in Nürnberg for the recognition of the competences in these professions, namely the Agency for Approval of the External Abilities (FOSA IHK); The Chambers of Commerce and Industry in Hanovra, Braunschweig and WuppertalSolingen-Remscheid are responsible for their districts, and so on.  The Chambers of Crafts which are regional chambers for qualified crafts and the small enterprises are responsible for crafts (for instance hair dressers, painters and decorators). The Chambers of Agriculture from the lands are responsible for the evaluation of the validation of the professional qualifications in the agricultural professions.  The appropriate chambers of the so-called independent professions (like nurse responsible for general care, dental assistants, legal assistants, etc). Here there are included the Chambers of the doctors, dentists, pharmacists, lawyers, auditors and accountants. Additionally to the federal regulations and the special professional provisions, applicable at national level, for certain professions, there are applied specific regulations for each land30. In other words, the lands are responsible for the recognition of the professional qualifications for the foreign professions which represent their responsibility. Beginning with 2011, each federal state prepares amendments to the legislation which covers these professions, so that to adapt their own regulations according to the Recognition Act of the federal Government, regarding the recognition procedures of the professional qualifications and which transpose the provisions of the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the professional qualifications recognition. So, the lands are in a process of amendment of the legislation for the professions which are in their jurisdiction, like the teachers, engineers, architects, social workers.

Hamburg was the first of the 16 lands which presented its own recognition act (HmbABQG) which entered in force on August 1st, 2012. Now, the details regarding the procedure for the verification of the validation of the professional qualification varies based 30

v. Recognition of professions regulated under Land law, March 2013

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on the specialty laws of each land. However, these regulations are applied mainly to the citizens and to the qualifications in the members states of the European Union, European Economic Area and Switzerland. They will be extended through the Recognition Act, issued by the federal Government, in order to include citizens and qualifications from third countries. The lands will simplify the procedure of recognition of the nationals of the third countries for all professions – and especially for professions considered necessary / in emergency regime, like the teachers and engineers. For the recognition of the professional qualifications obtained abroad, in 2012 it was adopted in Germany the “Recognition Act” also named “the Law for the improvement of the evaluation and recognition of the foreign professional qualifications”. This law regulates the recognition of the foreign qualifications for the professions for which the federal Government is responsible. The act issued by the federal Government for the recognition of the diplomas introduces the legal right to validate the qualifications obtained abroad, the evaluation being performed by comparison with the similar equivalent / qualification in Germany, so being improved the opportunities for the natural persons who obtained professional qualifications abroad to practice in Germany the professions in which they acquired professional competences. This law includes improved procesures for the evaluation of the foreign vocational qualifications which represent the responsibility of the federal Government, but does not regulate those professions for which the lands are responsible, like the teachers, Nursery carers, social youth workers, engineers and architects. Also, the Recognition Act is not applied for the recognition of the academic titles adequate for the exercising of a nonregulated profession. The Recognition Act consists of 16 acts / articles which refer to almost 450 profesions at federal level, which are regulated through the following documents: 

Article 1: the law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications (BQFG)



Articles 2-61: Adaptions and amendments to the specialized professional juridical legislation / with reference to certain professions (for instance Commercial Policy, Federal Medical Procedure, Law of the Nurses responsible for general care). These special laws already include advanced criteria for the recognition of the foreign professional qualifications for which the requirements already exist in the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications. The 42

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Recognition Act opens already existing procedures, when it is necessary and possible for the citizens and the qualifications outside the European Union, from the so-called third countries.

So, the Recognition Act combines the Law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications – BQFG (BMBF responsibility), with the amendments brought to the existing legislation and the professional regulations31. The Law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications (BQFG – Article 1 in the Recognition Act) is a federal law in the framework of this competence field of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. It is the basic legislation for the recognition of the professional qualifications in Germany, which foresees the evaluation procedures and critiques for the validation of the foreign professional qualifications with the ones of the German reference professions, through which it is supported the integration of the qualified immigrants and of the foreign qualified workers on the manpower market in Germany. The Recognition Act includes the Law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications (BQFG), and also the amendments to almost 60 federal legislative documents regarding the recognition of the qualifications in the regulated professions – like the medical staff and the craftsmen. The recognition procedure allows the establishing of the situations in which the qualifications obtained abroad are equivalent with the vocational qualifications in Germany. Beginning with April 01, 2012 the possibility to have foreign professional qualifications recognized in Germany improves in a significant manner.

According to the Recognition Act, the professional certification obtained abroad can be recognized as being equivalent in Germany, and, in many cases, this represents the premise in order to work or to set up a business in Germany. The purpose of the facilitation of the recognition of the professional qualifications is to be able to use better the potential of the citizens who live in Germany and who obtained the qualifications abroad, so that to be allowed to work in the profession for which they are qualified. This will encourage the 31

see the governmental departments which are responsible in the respective fields

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integration of the immigrants on the labor market and will create a motivation for the high qualified citizens outside Germany to come to work in Germany. The legislative provisions can be accessed, and the related documents downloaded through the following links32: 

Assessment and Recognition of Foreign Professional Qualifications Act, Federal Law Gazette (BGBl.) I, 2011 Page 2515(PDF, 358974 KB)



Explanatory Notes on the Assessment and Recognition of Foreign Professional Qualifications Act(PDF, 1312589 KB)



Draft version of the Recognition Act with substantiation, Bundestag printed paper 17/6260(PDF, 1064551 KB) It must be mentioned the fact that the recognition of the qualification for the returned

German ethnics – persons of German origin coming from the states of the former Soviet Union or of other countries from the East Europe with residence in Germany, is based on a special procedure (of approval and certification procedure from the Federal Administration Office – BVA) and must fulfill all conditions foreseen in the Federal Law of the expelled persons; these regulations are applicable also to the wives and their children. Also, Germany concluded a series of bilateral agreements of recognition of the professional qualifications with certain partner states, like: Austria, Hungary and Romania. As opposed to other member states of the European Union, the Federal Republic of Germany answers also to the requirements of the Northern Countries Alliance Treaty together with Sweden, Finland, Norway and Netherlands.

Each of the countries from the European Union, the European Economic Area and the Swiss Confederation has an information center, which may supply information regarding the qualifications and professional recognition in the respective country. As a rule, this function is fulfilled by the National Academic Recognition Information Center (NARIC) or the European Network of the Information Centers (ENIC). For the supply of the information regarding the qualifications and the recognition of the professional qualifications in the Federal Republic of Germany is responsible the Central Office for Foreign Education (ZAB). Any national who wants to request the recognition of the professional qualification in 32

last accessing February 2013

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Germany, first of all must find the competent authority which is responsible with the recognition of the respective profession and to address directly to the representatives of this authority. The portal "Anerkennung în Deutschland" – Recognition in Germany – supplies information for this purpose. Germany does not have a central body, which is responsible for all requests regarding the recognition of the foreign professional qualifications. The individual federal states are responsible for the performance of the recognition procedure. So, the bodies responsible for recognition vary from state to state. As it was previously mentioned, for the professions which professional training is performed in the framework of the dual system in Germany, the Chambers represent the responsible body. The Federal Institute for Professional Training and Education created the portal of recognition of the qualifications in Germany33 on the website of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, in order to support the foreign natural persons who want the recognition of the professional qualifications to find an authority which should analyze them the recognition file and to facilitate de recognition procedure of the qualifications (including to offer prompt answers to their questions regarding the recognition procedure) for the exercising of the profession in Germany. The portal addresses not only to immigrants who already live in Germany and obtained a professional qualification abroad, but it is also useful for the qualified workers from other countries, who are interested to work in Germany. Also, the portal supports the personnel who counsel the natural persons who want to have their qualifications recognized, qualifications they obtained abroad. This portal directs also the persons who want the recognition of a certificate or of a diploma, to an authority which is responsible with the evaluation of the respective qualification and offers important information regarding the regulations which represent the basis of the recognition of the foreign qualification and the recognition procedure in the liberal professions. Additionally, the portal offers advice and information related to the orientation in career. The portal “Recognition in Germany” was supported in the framework of the programme “Integration through Qualifications – IQ” by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Labor Agency.

named " Recognition in Germany " (Anerkennung în Deutschland)

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Compared to Germany, in Romania the legal and institutional framework is different. The transposing of the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications in the Romanian legislation started with the Law 200/2004 regarding the recognition of the diplomas and professional qualifications for the regulated professions in Romania, with the subsequent amendments. Now, in Romania, there is a consolidated legislative pack for the establishing of the procedures of recognition of the professional qualifications and the competent authorities assigned for this purpose.34 The National Center for Recognition and Validation of the Diplomas (CNRED) is the Romanian Center NARIC, being responsible with the recognition and validation of the diplomas and certificates obtained both in the pre-university education (including the vocational one), and also in the higher education, and issues attestation certificates of the legality of the study documents issued by the accredited education institutions in Romania. In the case of the regulated professions, the recognition process of the qualifications represents the competence of each competent authority, according to the Romanian legislation in force. It must be mentioned the fact that, no matter the type of the profession – regulated or non-regulated, at the moment of the practicing of a profession / craft by a national on the territory of Germany, there must be observed:  the legal national framework or, as the case may be, at level of land regarding the development of professional activities in the respective economic sector35 or other specific requirements regarding the exercising of the profession in cause.  the access conditions on the labor market imposed by Germany for the residents from other European states, based on bilateral agreements or restrictions / treaties regarding the freedom to establish or occupy a workplace (to have a residence permit, work permit, etc). The minimum age for employment in Germany is of 15 years. The predominant type of labor agreement in Germany is the agreement on unlimited period, full time, with a working week of almost 40 hours. However, this “standard labor agreement” became less 34

for details, see. http://cnred.edu.ro/#legislatie-pentru-recunoastere-profesionala (last accessing March 2013)

for instance, for economic activities with impact over the safety of the food, public health and consumer

protection

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frequent between 1997 and 2007, the proportion of workplaces which involve such an agreement being in a process of decrease from 82.5% to 74.5%. On the other hand, new types of labor agreements (work on limited period, part time work, temporary work) became more important in the same period (with an increase from 17.5% to 22.5%). Almost 7,1 million of persons are now employed in mini-jobs especially in the fields of catering, retail, management of buildings and markets and the peisagistic arrangement. The employment forms as freelancer, became important in the last years and appear at about 10% from the employed persons. So, the recognition of the professional qualifications which were obtained by the nationals on other member states of the European Union than Germany, does not automatically ensure also the access on the labor market in the Federal Republic of Germany. For instance, a Romanian citizen who wants to work in Germany will need the recognition of the professional qualification only if he will exercise a profession, which is regulated in Germany. Even if the free movement of the workers is a fundamental right which allows the citizens of a member state of the European Union to work in the same conditions as the citizens of the host state, now36, nine member states of the European Union, among which also Germany, apply restrictions to the Romanian citizens who want to work in the respective countries.37. The (restricted) access of the Romanian workers on the labor market in Germany is performed based on the national legislation of the respective state, including on the bilateral agreements regarding the movement of the manpower, concluded between Germany and Romania. The bilateral agreements regarding the movement of the persons treat differently the access for the exercising of the profession based on the type of the economic activity, on the qualification level of the residents, on the period of residence, etc. For the granting of the title of residence in Germany, it is necessary the approval of the Federal Labor Agency. Exceptions are represented by the activities developed in the following cases: high qualified personnel, persons from special professional categories, the supply of services from

until the date of the finalization of the drafting of the study hereby (March â&#x20AC;&#x201C; June 2013)

Restrictions applied to the free movement of the manpower in EU

(http://www.mmuncii.ro/nou/index.php/ro/munca/mobilitatea-fortei-de-munca/644-restrictii-aplicabile-liberei-circulatii-afortei-de-munca-in-ue, accessed March 2013)

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other states of the European Union, which are exercised on a period of three months in an interval of 12 months in the Federal Republic of Germany. The National Employment Agency (ANOFM) informs that the Federal Government of Germany has formalized the extension of the liberalization of the labor market, beginning with January 1st, 2012, for certain categories of workers from Romania. So, the Ordinance of the federal Minister of labor and social affairs, published in the Federal Official Gazette on December 15, 2011, foresees: • The graduates of higher education, and also the members of their families (fulfilling the same conditions) with unlimited residence permit, do not need work permit for the exercising of the professions corresponding to their qualification; • The workers accepted in the professional training system in Germany, and also the members of their families (fulfilling the same conditions) with unlimited residence permit, do not need labor approval. For this category it was eliminated the compulsoriness to prove that for the same workplace is does not exist a German applicant. • For the seasonal workers it was eliminated the need for a previous labor approval from the Federal Labor Agency. The employment is performed directly, through the labor relation employer – employee.

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2.2. The regulated professions and the competent authorities â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the comparative analysis with Romania Like in the other countries from the European Union, the European Economic Area or Switzerland, also in Germany it is made a distinction between the regulated and the nonregulated professions. A first question would be: When is it necessary the recognition of the professional qualification for a citizen from the European Union or the European Economic Area, who obtained a professional qualification outside Germany and wants to exercise his profession on the territory of Germany? The recognition of the qualification is not an essential condition for the exercising of the non-regulated profession in Germany. This means that the nationals may develop professional activities in the non-regulated professions, without the need to request the recognition for the obtaining of a certificate / title/diploma from the German state, respectively of a certificate from the competent authorities. This is valid for all professions for which the qualification can be obtained through the professional training dual system in Germany. The persons from other countries, qualified in these professions or with foreign professional qualification may apply directly for the occupation of a workplace, respectively they can work on the manpower market without the recognition of the profession. This targets both the employment as employee and also the setting up of the own businesses in the professions which are not regulated by the German state. A list with all recognized professions (non-regulated) 38 for which the professional training is offered in the framework of the dual system in Germany can be found on the website of the Federal Institute for Professional Education and Training. Optionally, for any of these qualifications, mentioned above, which was obtained abroad, the national may request the verification of the equivalence of the diploma with the German titles, and this will offer the right to exercise 38

The list of occupations corresponding to the non-regulated professions / crafts can be consulted at the address:

http://www2.bibb.de/tools/aab/aabberufeuebersetzungen.php?bt=2 , last accessing March 2013)

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without the granting of a title, based on the Law regarding the validation of the professional qualification (BQFG). RECOGNITION IT IS COMPULSORY FOR: The access to a regulated profession (for instance: doctor, nurse responsible for general

IT IS OPTIONAL FOR: The exercising of non-regulated professions / crafts

care) Independent worker in certain crafts

The improvement of the chances to work on the labor market

Entrance in the continuous training for

Recognition

professional reconversion The right to use a title (for instance engineer)

Self-insurance

For the exercising of the regulated professions, the recognition of the professional qualifications is a condition for the access to the profession. So, the persons with professional qualifications obtained abroad may exercise these professions in Germany, only in the situation in which they received a favourable decision of recognition of the qualification from the German competent authority. The regulated professions in Germany include the ones of: medic, nurse responsible for general care, lawyer, teacher, governess, engineer, etc (see appendix 1). In Germany, 94 professions and crafts are regulated at national level (including 41 occupations at Meister level) and 18 professions are regulated at the level of the lands. As a consequence, in the Federal Republic of Germany there were identified 153 regulated professions, wile Romania has, now, registered in the information system of the internal market 95 regulated professions. The recognition procedure of the qualification is organized at federal level. For the start of the recognition process of the qualification, in a first stage, the national / migrant must inform regarding the access conditions, respectively the documents requested for the realization of the application file. The applicant may download the documents in electronic format and it is presented a verification list regarding the documents necessary for the recognition. 50

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Also, it is important to underline the fact that Germany analyzes the documentation in report with the criteria accepted at community level and by comparison with the country of origin, according to the data in the self-evaluation report published in 2010. The procedure is presented also in the English language, and a series of elements related to the continuation of the procedure in case of rejection are also detailed. The cost for the submission of the documents is not public on the internet, and the strict pieces of information are available only in the German language. A request can be submitted for the verification of the validation, if the applicant has foreign professional qualifications and wants to work (to develop a remunerated activity) in Germany. An application can be submitted by any person, no matter the nationality of the applicant, and it is introduced on the resident statute. Any person who obtained professional qualifications abroad, and these are comparable with the ones corresponding to a German profession may request the recognition of the qualification through a standard procedure, in order to evaluate the equivalence of their qualifications. The access to the procedure may vary based on the specialty regulations of the individual regulated professions. In some cases, there are no procedures in force in order to evaluate qualifications from third countries. The procedure is not opened for the non-qualified or semi-qualified persons, who have no professional qualifications. For the purpose of the application of a uniform procedure, certain agencies were invested, acting as competent authorities, to lead the process of recognition for certain categories of professions. In other words, the recognition of the professional qualification obtained abroad and the establishing of the fact that a certain qualification is or is not equivalent with the one in Germany is performed by the competent authorities. In Germany there are 844 competent authorities registered in the Internal Market Information System (the IMI system) in the field of the professional qualifications, compared to Romania, where the are only 41 competent authorities. The great number of German competent authorities is justified by the administrative organization on the 16 federal states and by the institutional framework of the recognition of the professional qualifications on profession types.

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The procedure for the recognition starts from the comparison of the professional qualification obtained abroad with the requirements in Germany, including by taking in consideration, as the case may be, the professional experience acquired in Germany or abroad, being imposed, where necessary, an adaptation period. The competent authorities will consider both the content and also the duration of the studies for which the validation is requested. The validation of the professional qualification of a national is performed by the competent authority in Germany only if the professional training and titles correspond to the ones obtained in Germany. As it was previously mentioned, if there are differences between knowledge, abilities and competences, there are imposed compensatory measures or adaption periods. If there are considerable differences between the foreign professional qualifications and the German comparable qualifications, the following distinction must be performed: oIn the case of the non-regulated professions, the competent authority describes the existing professional qualifications and describes the differences between these qualifications (foreign) and the German ones. This helps a lot when an application is made for the occupation of a workplace and makes possible the registration to training courses in order to obtain additional professional qualifications, if necessary. oIn the case of the regulated professions, it is possible to consider compensatory measures (probationary period or adaption period), for the purpose of the performance of the validation. The compensatory measures vary based on the individual specialty laws. The responsible authority may supply information regarding the exact modalities. The recognition of the qualifications for the regulated professions, for the exercising of the respective profession is performed as follows: 1.

The system based on the preventive training harmonization, which ensures the automatic recognition (for instance for the doctor professions). In the regulations it is mentioned the minimum level of training necessary for the automatic

recognition

the

professional

qualification,

through

the

identification of the titles in the educational system from each member state of

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the European Union, in order to ensure the fulfillment of the minimum requirements of training at profession level. 2.

The general system based on the reciprocal confidence between the member states, which is also applied in Germany in the case of the regulated professions. The recognition is not automatic, but needs a comparison between the professional training courses and the recognition of the obtained professional competences, according to the requirements in the respective states (for instance Germany – Romania), and also the posiblity of conditioning of the qualification recognition based on compensatory measures, when it is registered a “difference” which affects the recognition of certain qualifications (for instance for veterinary assistant).

The system based on the professional experience acquired in the member state of origin, which can be performed through automatic recognition or, eventually, can be accompanied by professional training specific requirements (for instance: butcher)

For the recognition of the foreign qualifications for the exercising of a regulated profession in Germany, an applicant (after the previous information and the preparation of the application file) must submit the justifying documents with the registration of the recognition application. The foreign applications can be sent directly to the responsible authority (the contact point of the competent authorities) or to the Central Office for Foreign Education (ZAB). ZAB will resend the applications to the responsible authorities. The documents necessary for the submission of the recognition application of the professional qualification are the followings:39  The application accompanied by the list of the professions for which it is applied (in the German language);  Identity proof (copy of the identity card or passport);  The table with a general view, in the German language, of the training, and also any workplace remunerated up to now.  The proof of the professional qualifications (obtained abroad); 39

http://www.hochschulkompass.de/

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 The proof of the professional experience (labor relevant experience);  Other competence certificates (for instance – continuous professional training)  A statement from which it must result the fact that no other application for the validation of the professional qualification was previously formulated e;  The proof that the applicant intends to work in Germany (it is not applied for the citizens of the European Union (EU) / European Economic Area (EEA) / Switzerland and for the persons with residence in EU / EEA / Switzerland).

The file with the above mentioned documents must be presented / sent to the Competent Authority in original or copies, with certified translations in the German language. The information regarding the content and duration of the studies performed abroad for the professional training must be sent within a reasonable period of time for the obtaining of the settlement of the application of validation in a short time. The responsible authority may request copies of certificates or original documents. In some cases, the authority may accept simple copies of the documents. The documents must be translated in the German language, by public translators, appointed and sworn / translators from Germany or from abroad. The competent authority may renounce, as the case may be, to the translations. The details regarding the access conditions40 can be different, based on the individual professional / specialty laws. This means that the competent authority may, by waiver, request in a different form the documents which must be presented or may request more detailed information. If there are reasons of doubt regarding the authenticity or accuracy of the content of the documents submitted by the national, the competent authority may request the applicant to present, within a reasonable period of time, additional documents (for instance: the proof of the submission of the visa application for employment, the proof of the agreement with possible employers, etc).

For the applicants with the residence in a member state of the European Union, in the European Economic Area or in Switzerland and also for the citizens in these countries, these statements are not necessary, except the case in which there are special reasons.

the formulation of the requirements regarding the documents requested for the file of the applicant

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The recognition procedure involves the payment of a fee. The amount is based on the table of fees of the competent authority and depends on the cost and the involved effort in the application of the procedure. The responsible authority may offer information regarding the exact fee.

The recognition procedure starts after the submission of the complete application file41. The recognition procedure means the verification and analysis of the file, followed by the process of decision of qualification recognition. For the qualification recognition, the following steps are made:  The procedure foresees the comparison of the foreign professional qualifications, with a qualification corresponding to a similar German profession, based on the documents submitted to the application file;  Thje competent authority considers if there are fundamental differences between the foreign professional qualifications and the German professional qualifications;  The professional experience acquired in Germany or abroad may also be considered additionally to the professional training. If it is not possible to supply adequate evidences, an analysis of the qualifications can be performed in order to establish the professional aptitudes (for instance technical discussions or work test). When there are considerable differences between the foreign professional qualifications and the comparable German qualifications, it must be imposed an adaption measure (test or adaption period), for the performance of the validation. The compensatory measures vary based on the specialty individual laws, and the responsible authority may supply information regarding the exact modalities. The result of the application of a national is given in writing and within the established legal term. If the examination leads to a positive decision of recognition of the professional qualification, this has the same legal consequences as for a German professional qualification. The procedure is a previous condition for the access to labor in the regulated

the file includes all justifying documents requested and sent in the form requested by the competent authority

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professions. In case of partial recognition, the result of the application clearly contains observations regarding the differences of studies or stages between professions. After the fulfillment of the requirements imposed by the compensatory measures, it will be given the favorable decision for the qualification recognition, which will allow the national to exercise remunerated professional activities in the respective regulated profession in Germany. In case of an unfavorable decision, the national may use his right to make an appeal (according to the German legislation) based on this document issued in writing. On this account, any result of the application for recognition must be explicit and very well argued. The decisions must be taken in the interval of three months from the date of the application and submission of all necessary documents. In difficult cases, the decision period may be prolonged only once for well-founded reasons. The recognition may be requested by any person who acquired the vocational qualification abroad, no matter the residence place. Both in Germany and in Romania the recognition procedure of the professional qualification for regulated professions observes the same algorithm (as work stages). The content of the application file of recognition is a little different, in the sense that, in Romania, it is not requested the synthetic panel of the training and experience at the workplace or the statement according to which it was not previously performed another application for the same profession. Based on the regulated profession, in Romania, there are also requested: photos, proofs of the membership to certain professional associations, etc. In both countries, for certain regulated professions, there are imposed requirements regarding the knowledge of language and legislation from the host country42, requirements regarding the registration in profession registers (in the country of origin or in the host country) or other types of guarantees. For limited domains there can exist requirements regarding the conclusion of insurances, etc. Compared to the situation in Romania, in Germany, there are certain particularities regarding the evaluation manner of the file of the applicant, being underlined the professional experience necessary for a certain activity field, strictly specialized. Also, the procedure may vary from a land to another, the recognition of the professional qualification being granted only if the theoretical and practical training of the national led to the obtaining of certified professional competences as being equivalent with the continuous professional training and 42

for instance, from the fields: health, education, administration

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qualification in Germany (in the respective land). However, Germany is recognized as having a much more flexible system (even compared to Romania) regarding the validation of the professional qualifications and, in particular, regarding the evaluation of the competences acquired through the professional experience. The automatic recognition system of the professional qualifications in the European Union is applied for seven professions, known under the name of “sectoral professions”: architects, dentists, doctors, midwives, nurses, pharmacists, veterinary surgeons. In Appendix 1 it is presented a list of all professions43 which are regulated in Germany, with the mention of the competent authorities in the analyzed member state, the qualification level and the recognition system (according to the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the professional qualification recognition) 44. Also, it is mentioned for each German regulated profession, if the profession is or is not regulated in Romania, possible mentioning the Romanian professions with a qualification similar to the German one. This comparative processing of the data was performed based on the information existing / registered in the IMI system until the first half of 2013. If the data are reported to the regulated professions in Romania, as it is indicated in Law no. 9/2011 (Official Gazette of Romania no. 159 / March 07, 2011), we may notice an increase of the corresponding number of regulated professions in Romania, compared with the one mentioned in Appendix 1 (for instance, for teachers / treaching staff – in the pre-university and higher education). The number of regulated professions in Germany on domains is indicated in Table 1. The activity sectors were identified according to the classification criteria of the professional qualifications mentioned in the Internal Market Information System. As we notice from Table 1, the most regulated professions in Germany come from the following fields: medicine, architecture and constructions, respectively social assistance and therapy. At the opposite pole, we can find the professions from transports (aerial, maritime and fluvial).

for each German profession there are indicated also: the general denomination in English language, the

translated denomination / corresponding in the Romanian language 44

Processed based on the data taken over from:

www.ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm (last accessing March 2013).

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Table 1. The situation of the regulated German professions, numerically expressed on fields. Economic activity sector (field) Martitim activities

Number of the regulated professions in Germany -

Architecture and constructions

Social assistance and therapy

Aircraft

Catterign and food

Professional training and education

Financial

Engineering and other technical activities

Beauty

Legal

Medical

Land transport (and related activities)

Tourism, recreation and sports

Other professions

11 Total: 153

In Germany, there are regulated 64 medical professions or which involve the development of activities specific to the health field (people and animals); from them, 42 professions are of doctor (general medicine, specialty medicine, including surgery), 3 professions of dentist, 1 of pharmacist, 1 of midwife, 1 of veterinary surgeon and different other professions of nurse / technician in the medical practice and/or related fields. There is a number of professions from the health sector which are regulated in Germany, but are not regulated in Romania; among them, we enumerate: optician, nutritionist, orthopaedic technician, preparatory â&#x20AC;&#x201C; pharmacy assistant. As we previously mentioned, for the professions of doctors, dentists, midwives, nurses, pharmacists and veterinary surgeons there are applied the regulations specific to the sectoral professions, the recognition of the qualifications being based on the automatic recognition system. For instance, hereinafter, there are mentioned the particularities which appear in the recognition process of the professional qualification of veterinary surgeon.

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For the exercising of the profession of veterinary surgeon in Germany, a citizen of the European Union who obtained a foreign qualification (in Romania for instance) must request the recognition of the professional qualification, the competent authority being the Veterinary Chamber / Association from the land on which territory he wants to work. In principle, the recognition procedure observes the above described steps, and the documents included in the file of the applicant are the mentioned ones. Compared to Romania, in the evaluation of the file of the applicant, it is laid emphasis on the professional experience necessary for a certain activity field (veterinary activities in the veterinary cabinets and clinics, in veterinary research institutes or for veterinary use; employment in the veterinary authorities, etc). The recognition process (analysis / comparison and qualification validation) is very flexible. In this case, the competent authority must recognize the qualification title for the profession of veterinary surgeon45, the automatic recognition of the qualification taking place only if there are simultaneously fulfilled the minimum requirements regarding the qualification level and the learning results based on the study programmes which include the disciplines indicated in the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications. If the qualification obtained in a country of origin does not fulfill the basic criteria for the automatic recognition according to the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the professional qualification recognition, the profession of veterinary surgeon can be recognized in a framework of a regime of acquired rights (for instance: at least three years of professional experience in the last five years), or through a non-automatic recognition process, in the framework of the general system of qualification recognition.46 Another economic activity sector which includes a greater number of regulated professions in Germany is the architecture and constructions field . A series of crafts (plumbers / technician plumbers in fields like: electric, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, sanitary installations, gas) need the recognition of the professional qualification. Generally, these professions are not regulated in Romania, but they are regulated in Germany.

according to the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications and the Directive 2006/100/EC of adaption of certain directives in the field of the free movement of the persons, considering the accession of Bulgaria and Romania.

Source:http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/directive_in_practice/automatic_recognition/veterinary _surgeon/index_en.htm

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The competent authorities from the lands of Germany for these regulated professions are the Chambers of Crafts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Handwerkskammertag. For the regulated professions of plumbers (heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, sanitary installations, gas, etc47), the recognition of the professional qualification is based on the recognition system of the professional experience (according to the Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the professional qualifications recognition / see Appendix IV â&#x20AC;&#x201C; automatic recognition). It is applied the same standard procedure of recognition of the qualifications, based on the application file which content was above presented. In this situation, in the evaluation process, the professional experience acquired in Germany or abroad can be considered additionally for the validation of the qualifications. If it is not possible to supply adequate information of the qualifications for analysis, the validation of the qualifications is based on the performance of a test of aptitudes (a work test in order to establish the professional aptitudes).

see appendix 1

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2.3. The statistics on the regulated professions registered in the Internal Market Information System (IMI) in Germany compared to the same one in Romania As it was previously underlined, Germany has a federal structure and, so, each land has an own administrative structure and own regulations, including in the field of the professional qualifications48. Regarding the Internal Market Information System (IMI) there is a national coordinator and sub-coordinators in each land who locally implement the IMI regulation (totally 260 coordinators / sub-coordinators IMI), at the level of each land existing a helpdesk (totally 16). Now, we are working to a new version of the IMI platform, variant 6.1, which represents certain advantages in relation to the previous platform, through the fact that it has the possibility: to use an automatic translator; to distribute / redirect the additional questions to the specialized counselors which have an adequate expertise; to send reminder e-mails to the competent authorities if no answers were formulated to the questions, etc. 49

According to the statistics of the European Union regarding the use of the Internal Market Information System (IMI), in December 2012, the situation of the competent authorities registered in IMI by Germany and Romania was as it is presented in Table 2.

The situation of the effective number of applications sent on the three legislative fields, namely – qualifications, services, movement of the workers, through the Internal Market Information System (IMI) in the period January – December 2012 in Germany and in Romania is synthetically indicated in Tables 3 and 4. 48

see the recognition of the foreign professional qualifications

Data supplied by the representatives of the Federal Office for Information Technology

(Bundesverwaltungsamt - Bundesstelle für Informationstechnik - BIT), Koln, June 2013

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Table 2. The situation of the competent authorities registered in the IMI system, on legislative fields. Member AC on the legislative states of the field European QUALIFICATIONS Union Germany 844 Romania 41

Competent Authorities (AC) AC on the legislative on the legislative field field SERVICES MOVEMENT OF THE WORKERS 1930 18 93 2

TOTAL AC

2145 111

(Source: Statistics on the use of the Internal Market Information system December 2012, available at http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/imi-net/docs/statistics_2012_en.pdf, accessed March 2013)

Table 3. The situation of the effective number of applications received through the IMI system, on legislative fields (2012) Member states of the European Union Germany Romania

on the legislative field QUALIFICATIONS No. 223 470

% out of total 7.2 15,2

Number of received applications on the legislative field on the legislative field SERVICES MOVEMENT OF THE WORKERS No. 38 12

% out of total 9.3 2.9

No.

% out of total

56 177

6.9 24.5

(Source: Statistics on the use of the Internal Market Information system December 2012, available at http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/imi-net/docs/statistics_2012_en.pdf, Accessed March 2013)

In Table 3 it is underlined the number of applications received by the respective state, while in table 4 it is presented the number of applications sent by the respective country in 2012. If we analyze by comparison the data from tables 3 and 4, we notice the fact that the IMI statistics indicate a reduced visibility of Romania in the processing of the data on the field services, especially to the sent applications. If, at the number of received applications, Romania is on 1st place on the legislative field qualifications, with almost 15% from the total, Germany registers a number of about eight times bigger regarding the applications sent on the same field.

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Table 4. The situation of the effective number of applications sent through the IMI system, on legislative domains (2012) Member states of the European Union

on the legislative field QUALIFICATIONS No.

Germany

266

% out of total 8.6

Romania

1.1

Number of sent applications on the legislative field on the legislative field SERVICES MOVEMENT OF THE WORKERS No.

% din total

No.

% out of total

177

43.3

1.0

0.2

1.6

(Source: Statistics on the use of the Internal Market Information system December 2012, available at http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/imi-net/docs/statistics_2012_en.pdf, accessed March 2013)

Regarding the administration manner of the applications sent through the IMI system in 2012, more than half of the applications processed in Germany received an answer in less than a week, the answering period in Romania being a lot bigger, both for the qualifications field, and also of the services. For instance, in Romania, most of the applications formulated on the legislative field of the professional qualifications received an answer within four weeks. While on the legislative field of movement of the workers, the applications received by both countries were settled predominantly in four weeks or more, a great attention and precaution for this purpose having Germany, compared to Romania. Through the IMI system (on the entire period of operation of the system) there were formulated totally over 2100 applications of recognition for the exercising of the regulated professions in Germany by the nationals who obtained corresponding professional qualifications in Romania, while the number of applications for the ones who obtained the qualifications in Germany and intended to develop professional activities (in regulated professions) in Romania is 26. Out of the 26 applications for the recognition of the qualification for the exercising of the profession on a permanent basis in Romania, most of them were for the profession of architect (9 applications) and for professions in the medical field (examples: 4 – dentists, 2 – dental technician, 2 – doctor).

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Most of the applications for recognition of the qualifications for the exercising of the profession on a permanent basis in Germany, by the nationals who obtained the qualifications in Romania were performed in the fields: medical, education (pre-university education), engineering, social assistance, architecture and constructions (technical).

The applications formulated through the IMI system for the recognition of the Romanian professional qualifications

for the exercising of the regulated professions in

Germany are presented in Table 5. Table 5 The situation of the application for recognition of the Romanian professional qualifications for the exercising of the professions regulated in Germany, presented on fields Economic activity field (acc. to IMI)

Regulated professions (Number of applications)

maritime activities

architecture and constructions

Bricklayer (31), Architect (8), Electrician / Electrician technician / Specialist electrician (3), Gas plumber / restorer (2), Plasterer (2), Constructor of roads, bridges (1), Caster/ Iron metallurgist (1), Painter-Decorator (1)

social assistance and therapy

Childcare Worker (42), Physical therapist (31), Psychotherapist (1)

aviation

catering and food

Confectioner (1)

professional training and education

High-school teacher (498), Primary school teacher (169), Preparatory school / kindergarten teacher (68)

financial

engineering and other technical activities

Engineering (63), Electric engineering / Electro mechanical engineering (8)

beauty

Hairdresser / Barber / Wig-maker (1)

juridic

medical

Doctor (733), Nurse (302), Dentist(83), Veterinary surgeon (34), Ambulance nurse / Paramedic (18), Pharmacist (15), Massage therapist/ Spa (13), Midwife (13), Preparatory â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Pharmaceutical Assistant (12), Geriatric nurse / Care worker for seniors (7), Nurse in the medical technique for functional diagnosis (7), Nurse in the radiological technique (4), Dental technician (1)

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land transport (and related activities) tourism, recreation and sports other professions

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Car mechanic (1) Mechanic for the manufacture / repair of the control and measurement precision instruments (1), Chimney Sweeper (1)

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3. CONCLUSIONS The study regarding the certification processes of the competences and of recognition of the qualifications in the Federal Republic of Germany, underlined certain conceptual and methodological particularities, compared to the situation in Romania. The German system of professional training and education presents a sole structure, with an important institutional autonomy, is opened, flexible and adapted to the labor market requirements. Even if each land has an own legislation for the administration of the education processes, at federal level there are observed the same basic educational principles, and the recognition of the professional qualifications obtained through the formal education is national, even if the obtaining ways of the respective competences may vary.

The professional training and education system in Germany differs in many ways (as approach, implementation and results) from the one in Romania, being much more orientated to the gradual and effective training for the obtaining of the professional competences. Also, there is a great flexibility regarding the duration and modalities for the obtaining of the professional qualifications in Germany, so that, the secondary and/or tertiary level education is successfully completed by the professional training in dual system.

The German Qualification framework (CGC/DQR) was structured on eight qualification levels, according to the European Qualification framework and is centered on the education for the entire life. CGC/DQR is a useful instrument for the comparison and validation of the professional qualifications for the purpose of the support of the mobility of the persons in the exercising of the community rights on the German territory, in the field of the education and access on the labor market.

The evaluation and certification process of the professional competences acquired on formal, informal or non-formal ways, in Germany, is regulated. And the recognition of the qualifications for foreigners in Germany is performed in a different manner for the access to studies and for the exercising of the profession. 66

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The legal and institutional framework applied in Germany in the field of the recognition of the professional qualifications is offered by a legislative pack which was harmonized with the Directive 2005/ 36/EC regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications. The Recognition Act, respectively the Law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications represent the basic legislation for the recognition of the professional qualifications in Germany, which foresees procedures and criteria for the evaluation of the validation of the foreign professional qualifications with the ones of the German reference professions, through which it is supported the integration of the qualified immigrants and of the foreign qualified workers on the manpower market in Germany.

In Germany there are registered in the Internal Market Information System (IMI) 153 regulated professions, most of them being from the following fields: medical / health (64 professions), architecture and constructions (27 professions), social assistance and therapy (26 professions).

For the exercising of the regulated professions in Germany, the recognition of the professional qualification is an access condition to the professions. Germany does not have a central body responsible for the requirements regarding the recognition of the foreign professional qualifications, the competent authorities from the individual federal states being responsible for the performance of the recognition procedure. The recognition procedure starts from the comparison of the professional qualification obtained abroad with the requirements in Germany, the validation of the professional qualification of a national being performed by the competent authority in Germany only if the professional training and the professional titles correspond to the ones obtained in Germany. Also, the German authorities lay emphasis on the relevant professional experience and necessary for a certain strictly specialized activity field.

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Through the IMI system50 there were formulated more than 2100 applications for the recognition of the professional qualifications obtained in Romania, for the exercising of the professions regulated in Germany; most of the applications formulated by the nationals with Romanian qualifications were performed in the medical field (more than 1200), in education / pre-university education (more than 700), in engineering (71), in social assistance and in the architecture and constructions sector. By comparison, there were registered only 26 applications for the recognition of the German qualifications, the applicant intending to exercise mainly the professions of architect (9 applications) and from the medicine field (4 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; dentist, 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; doctor).

for the entire period of functioning of the IMI system

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4. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES Anerkennung în Deutschland (http://www.anerkennung-indeutschland.de/html/en/65.php , last accessing December 10, 2012) ; Automatic recognition (http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/directive_in_practice/automatic_re cognition_en.htm, last accessing March 03, 2013) ; Basic Structure of the Education System in the Federal Republic of Germany – Diagram, KMK, Bonn, 2012 (available at: http://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/doc/Dokumentation/Bildungswesen_en_pdfs/en2012.pdf, last accessing: March 10, 2013); BERUFENET (http://berufenet.arbeitsagentur.de last accessing: March 12, 2013) Bildung / European Associations for the Education of Adults (http://www.eaea.org/index.php?k=15098 ; last accessing: March 27, 2013); National Qualifications Framework - CNC, Romania (http://www.anc.edu.ro/index.php?page=cadrul-national-al-calificarilor-cnc , last accessing March 20, 2013); Country Module: Germany, Nuffic, 2nd edition February 2011 | version 2, February 2012 (available at: http://www.nuffic.nl/en/diploma-recognition/countrymodules/country-modules , last accessing: March 28, 2013); CEDEFOP - VET in Europe - Country reports (available at: http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Information-services/vet-in-europe-countryreports.aspx - , last accessing: March 28, 2013); CEDEFOP - NQFs in Europe 2011, published in 2012 (available at: http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/6112_en.pdf -, last accessing: March 28, 2013); CE- Education and Training Monitor – 2012, at http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelonglearning-policy/doc/monitor12/report_en.pdf, last accessing: March 28, 2013); National Center of Recognition and Validation of the Diplomas – Legislation for professional recognition (available at: http://cnred.edu.ro/#legislatie-pentrurecunoastere-profesionala, last accessing March 22, 2013 ;

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Country reports on the action plan on adult learning – March 2011, at http://libserver.cedefop.europa.eu/F/?func=findc&ccl_term=%28%28wti=adult%20and%20wti=learning%20and%20wti=action%20 and%20wti=plan%20and%20wti=country%20and%20wti=report%29%29&local_bas e=ced01, , last accessing: March 28, 2013) ; Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council from September 7, 2005, regarding the recognition of the professional qualifications ; Directive 2006/100/EC of adaption of certain directives form the field of the movement freedom of the persons, considering the accession of Bulgary and Romania ; Eurydice, Organisation of the Education System in Germany 2009/2010, Brussels, Education, Audiovisual & Culture Executive Agency, 2011 (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/eurybase/eurybase_full_repo rts/de_en.pdf, last accessing: October 10, 2012); Eurypedia - The European Encyclopedia on National Education Systems, Germany Overview, 2013 (https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Germany:Overview, last accessing: March 28, 2013); EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2004a): European Credits Transfer System for Vocational Education and training (ECVET), Principles and Reference Framework for Implementation, Brussels 24 September 2004 (http://www.embeddingstandards.com/ecvet_002.pdf , last accessing: March 28, 2013); European Inventory 2010 of validation of non-formal and informal learning – country reports (http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/about-cedefop/projects/validation-of-nonformal-and-informal-learning/european-inventory-scope.aspx -, last accessing: March 28, 2013); Eurostat Statistics: Education and Training, (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/education/introduction, accessing: March 18, 2013) ;

2010 last

IMI PQ NET – About the project (http://www.imipqnet.ro/ro/despre-proiect/, last accessing March 10, 2013); Law no. 200 / 2004 regarding the recognition of the diplomas and professional qualifications for the regulated professions in Romania, with the subsequent amendments ;

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The law regarding the validation of the professional qualifications (Gesetz über die Feststellung der Gleichwertigkeit von Berufsqualifikationen; Berufsqualifikationsfeststellungsgesetz BQFG) (http://www.gesetze-iminternet.de/bundesrecht/bqfg/gesamt.pdf, Professional Qualifications Assessment Act – BQFG, last accessing March 15, 2013); Professional Training Act - Berufsbildungsgesetz - R80 Recognition Act (The Recognition Act (Download PDF, 350 KB), last accessing December 20, 2012) ; The list of occupations corresponding to the professions / crafts non-regulated in Germany (available at: http://www2.bibb.de/tools/aab/aabberufeuebersetzungen.php?bt=2 , last accessing March 20, 2013); Lohmar B., Eckhardt T. (ed.), The Education System in the Federal Republic of Germany 2010/2011. A description of the responsibilities, structures and developments in education policy for the exchange of information in Europe, KMK, Bonn, 2011, p.p. 109-138 (http://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/doc/Dokumentation/Bildungswesen_en_pdfs/seconda ry.pdf, last accessing: March 29, 2013); http://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/school/system/index_en.htm ; National contact points – European Commission (http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/contact/national_contact_points_en .htm, last accessing: February 25, 2013) ; OCDE – Education at a Glance 2012, la http://www.oecd.org/edu/highlights.pdf, last accessing March 20, 2013); The Order MEC/ MMSSF no. 4543/468 on August 23, 2004 for the approval of the Procedure of evaluation and certification of the professional competences obtained on other ways than the formal ones ; Order no. 3329/81 on February 23, 2005 for the amendment and completion of the Procedure of evaluation and certification of the professional competences obtained on other ways than the formal ones; Permeable education and training systems: reducing barriers and increasing opportunity http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/9072_en.pdf - , last accessing March 28, 2013); The recommendation of the European Council regarding the validation of the nonformal and informal learning - December 22, 2012 http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:398:0001:0005:RO:PDF -, last accessing March 23, 2013) ; 71

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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Restrictions applicable to the free movement of the manpower in EU (http://www.mmuncii.ro/nou/index.php/ro/munca/mobilitatea-fortei-de-munca/644restrictii-aplicabile-liberei-circulatii-a-fortei-de-munca-in-ue, , last accessing March 23, 2013) ; Statistics on the use of the Internal Market Information system December 2012, available at http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/imi-net/docs/statistics_2012_en.pdf, the last accessing March 23, 2013) ; The EU single market - Regulated professions database (available at: www.ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm , last accessing March 13, 2013) ; WORKING GROUP H (2004): Common European Principles for Validation of Non Formal and Informal Learning, Brussels, 3 March 2004, DG EAG B/1 JBJ D 2004; http://www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.de/html/en/60.php , last accessing March 29, 2013 ; http://berufenet.arbeitsagentur.de/berufe/docroot/r2/blobs/pdf/bkb/5422.pdf, accessing March 29 , 2013 ;

last

http://www.bibb.de; http://www.deutscherqualifikationsrahmen.de/, last accessing February 20, 2013 ; http://ec.europa.eu/education/ policies/2010/doc/ecvt2005_en.pdf , last accessing March 09, 2013; http://www.einstieg.com/studium/bachelor-master-diplom-magister-staatsexamenstudienabschluss.html, last accessing March 29, 2013 ; http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/internal_market/living_and_working_in_the_inte rnal_market/c11065_ro.htm, last accessing March 09, 2013 ; http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learningpolicy/doc50_en.htm ; last accessing May 05, 2013 ; www.europarl.europa.eu ; www.eur-lex.europa.eu ; www.euroeducation.net;

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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

http://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/doc/Dokumentation/Bildungswesen_en_pdfs/adult.pdf last accessing March 29, 2013 ;

http://www.kmk.org/zab/veroeffentlichungen-und-beschluesse/akademischeanerkennung.html , last accessing November 28, 2012 ; http://www.leipzig.ihk.de/Portaldata/1/Resources/extranet_ressourcen/03_auw/ordnung, last accessing March 29, 2013;  smittel/Kraftfahrzeugmechatronikerin_-_OV32_VO_6102_1186a.pdf., last accessing November 20, 2012

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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

5. APPENDIX: The regulated professions and the competent authorities in Germany

Name of the profesion in German language / general in English

Name of the profession translated in Romanian language

The Competent Authority in Germany

Recognition according to Directive 2005/36/EC

(Allgemeine) Chirurgie / Doctor of Medicine

Chirurgie (generală) / Medic generalist (Surgery (general) / General Practitioner)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

(Diagnostische) Radiologie / Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Radiologie (Diagnostic) (Doctor / Radiology (Diagnosis))

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

According to the data registered in the IMI system (http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/ , last accessing March 2013)

Qualification level

Is the profession regulated in Romania? (YES/NO)51

EUROPEAN UNION

Altenpfleger(in) / Geriatric nurse/Carer for the aged

Anästhesiologie / Doctor of Medicine

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Îngrijitor vârstnici/ asistentă geriatrie (Carer for the aged / Geriatric nurse)

Medic/ Anestezie (Doctor of Medicine / Anesthesia)

Apotheker / Pharmacist

Farmacist (Pharmacist)

Arbeitsmedizin / Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Medicina muncii (Doctor of Medicine / Occupational medicine)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES1

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Pharmacist

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

RO: Anesthesia and Intensive Care

Pharmacist training (article 44 in the Directive 2005/36/EC)

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

Architekt / Architect Architekt (Erworbene Rechte) / Architect Augenheilkunde / Doctor of Medicine

Augenoptiker/in / Optician

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Arhitect (Architect) Arhitect (cu drepturi dobândite) (Architect (with acquired rights)) Medic/ Oftalmologie (Doctor of Medicine / Ophthalmology)

Optician

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The list of the competent authorities is available at: www.anabin.de see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=31 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) – the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172

Architect, specified in appendix V Architect (with acquired rights) , specified in appendix VI

YES YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

General recognition system – primary application

YES

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Berg- und Skiführer/in / Ski and/or mountain/canyon guide/ mountain leader

Mountain guide

Obs: profession regulated only in the land BAYERN

Beschaftigungs-und Arbeitstherapeut/in / Occupational therapist

Ergoterapeut (Occupational Therapist)

Beschäftigungs- und Arbeitstherapeut(in)/Ergo therapeut(in) / Psychomotor therapist

Ergoterapeut / terapie Not specified in the IMI system – see psihomotorie National Contact Point (PNC) (Occupational Therapist /Psychomotor therapy)

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

General recognition system – primary application

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ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Boots- und Schiffbauer / Shipbuilding

Constructor de bărci și nave (construcții navale) (Shipbuilder / Shipbuilding)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Boots- und Schiffbauer / Steel shipbuilding

Constructor de bărci și nave (construcții navale din oțel) (Constructor de bărci și nave (Steel shipbuilding))

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Boots- und Schiffbauer / Wooden boatbuilding

Constructor de bărci și nave (construcții navale din lemn) (Shipbuilder (Wooden boatbuilding))

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Brunnenbauer / Well sinker

Fântânar / Instalare de rețele de apă (Well sinker / Water netwoek installation)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Bäcker / Baker/Pastry maker

Brutar (Baker/Pastry maker)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Büchsenmacher / Gunsmith /Weaponsammunition manufacturer/trader

Armurier (producător / comerciant arme, muniție) (Gunsmith /Weaponsammunition manufacturer/trader)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

EUROPEAN UNION

Chirurgiemechaniker / Manufacture of medicosurgical instruments and equipment and orthopaedic appliances (except orthopaedic footwear)

Dachdecker / Roofer / Roofing

Diplom-Heilpädagoge/in / Non-medical practitioner

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Fabricant de instrumente medicochirurgicale și echipamente și aparate ortopedice (cu excepția încălțămintei ortopedice) (Manufacture of medico-surgical instruments and equipment and orthopaedic appliances (except orthopaedic footwear) Învelitor țiglă (montator acoperiș) (Roofer|)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

The list of the competent authorities is available at www.anabin.de

General recognition system – primary application

Educator - îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / Non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Diploma of postsecondary level (3-4 years)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Diplom-Sozialarbeiter/in / Social worker

Asistent social (Social worker)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

DiplomSozialpädagoge/in / Child care worker

Lucrător în îngrijirea copilului (Child care worker)

General recognition system – primary application

Diätassistent (in) / Dietician

Nutriționist (dietetician) (Dietician)

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Elektromaschinenbauer / Electrical Engineering / Electromechanical engineering

Electromecanic (inginerie electromecanică) (Electrical Mechanic / Electromechanical engineering)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

General recognition system – primary application

Diploma of postsecondary level (3-4 years) Diploma of postsecondary level (3-4 years) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Elektrotechniker (electrical engineering) / Electrical Engineering / Electromechanical engineering

Inginer electrician (inginerie electrică) (Electrical engineer / Electrical engineering)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Elektrotechniker (electrician) / Electrician / Senior electrician /Specialised electrician

Electrotehnician (electrician) (Electrical Technician (Electrician)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Facharzt / Fachärztin für Allgemeinmedizin /Doctor of Medicine

Medic specialist/ Specialist în Medicină Generală (Specialist / Speicalist in General Medicine)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Fachzahnärzte (Kieferorthopädie) / Dental Practitioner

Medic/ Stomatolog (Ortodonţie) (Doctor / Dental Practitioner (Orthodontics)

Fachzahnärzte (Oralchirurgie/Mundchiru rgie) / Dental Practitioner

Stomatolog (chirurgie stomatologică) (Dental practitioner (Dental surgery) Mechanic for the manufacture / repair of precision instruments and measuring and controlling instruments Macelar (Butcher)

Feinwerkmechaniker / Manufacture and/or repair of precision instruments and measuring and controlling instruments Fleischer / Butcher / Butchery

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=33 The list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=33 Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172 Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172

Specialist Dental Practitioner (Dentist), specified in appendix V

YES

Specialist Dental Practitioner (Dentist), specified in appendix V

YES

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe /Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Obstetrică și Ginecologie (Medic / Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Friseure / Hairdresser / Barber /Wig-maker

Frizer - Bărbier / Peruchier/ Coafeză (Hairdresser / Barber /Wig-maker)

Gefäßchirurgie /Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Chirurgie vasculară (Doctor / Vascular Medicine)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

YES

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Gerüstbauer / Scaffolder

Constructor schele (Scaffolder)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpfleger/in / Nurse

Periatric Nurse

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegerin/Gesund heits- und Krankenpfleger / Nurse

Infirmieră / Asistent medical generalist\ (Nurse / Nurse responsible for general care)

Nurse responsible for general care

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Gesundheitsaufseher/in / Health Supervisor

Supraveghetor (în domeniul sănătății) (Supervisor (in the health field)

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

Glasbläser und Glasapparatebauer / Glazier / Glass-blowing and manufacture of glass apparatus

Sticlar (sticlar suflător și prelucrător obiecte din sticlă) (Glazier / Glassblowing and manufacture of glass apparatus)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Glaser / Glazier / Glassblowing and manufacture of glass apparatus

Geamgiu (sticlar) (Glazier (Glass blower)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Hals-NasenOhrenheilkunde/Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Otorinolaringologie (Medic / Otorhinolaryngology )

Haus-und Familienpfleger/in / Social worker

Asistent social (Social worker)

Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten /Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Dermatovenerologie (Doctor / Dermatovenerology)

Hebamme / Entbindungspfleger /Midwife

Moașă (Midwife)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

General recognition system – primary application

YES

SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Obstetrics / midwife

YES

Training of the midwives (article 40 in Directive 2005/36/EC)

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Heilerzieher/in /Nonmedical practitioner

Educator - îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Heilerziehungpfleger / Non-medical practitioner

Educator - îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Heilerziehungshelfer/in / Non-medical practitioner

Educator- îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Heilerziehungshelfer/in / Non-medical practitioner

Educator- îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Heilerziehungspflegehelf er/in / Non-medical practitioner

Educator- îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Heilpädagoge/in /Nonmedical practitioner

Educator- îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Heilpädagoge/in /Nonmedical practitioner

Educator - îngrijitor / pratică non-medicală (Educator – carer / non-medical practice)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Heilpädagoge/in / Child care worker

Lucrător în îngrijirea copilului (Child care worker)

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

Humangenetik /Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Genetică medicală (Doctor / Medical Genetics)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Hörgeräteakustiker(in) / Hearing aid dispenser / audiometric technician

Tehnician audiometric (Audiometric technician)

General recognition system – primary application

Informationstechniker (electrical) / / Electrical Engineering / Electromechanical engineering

Tehnician informații (electric) (Information technician (electric)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Informationstechniker (radio) / Radio technician

Tehnician radio (Radio technician)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Informationstechniker (television) / Television technician

Tehnician (televiziune) (Television technician)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Ingenieur (Berufsbezeichung allein oder in Verbindung mit einer Fachbezeichnung)

Inginer (Engineer)

General recognition system – primary application

Innenarchitekt / Interior designer-architect

Designer amenajări interioare / arhitectdesigner de interior (Interior designer / Interior architect) Medic/ Medicina internă și Endocrinologie și diabetologie (Doctor / Internal medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology)

The lists with the competent authorities – see: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=365 Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Innere Medizin und Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Diabetologie / Doctor of Medicine

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

YES1 1

RO: Endocrinology

EUROPEAN UNION

Innere Medizin und Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie /Doctor of Medicine

Innere Medizin und Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie /Doctor of Medicine

Innere Medizin und Schwerpunkt Kardiologie / Doctor of Medicine

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Medicina internă și Gastroenterologie (Doctor / Internal Medicne and Gastroenterology)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 Medic/ Medicina The lists with the competent authorities internă și Oncologie according to article 56 paragraph 3 in și Hematologie Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the (Doctor / Internal recognition of the qualifications for the Medicine and sectoral professions – see Oncology and http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi Hematology) cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 Medic/ Medicina The lists with the competent authorities internă și Cardiologie according to article 56 paragraph 3 in (Doctor / Internal Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the Medicine and recognition of the qualifications for the Cardiology) sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES1

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

RO: Medical Oncology, Hematology

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

Innere Medizin und Schwerpunkt Nephrologie / Doctor of Medicine

Innere Medizin und Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie / Doctor of Medicine

Installateur und Heizungsbauer (air conditioning/heating) / Air conditioning technician/Heating/Centr al heating technician/installer/repair er/MaintenanceInstallation of ventilation equipment

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Medicina internă și Nefrologie (Doctor / Internal Medicine and Nephrology)

Medic/ Medicină internă și Reumatologie (Doctor / Internal Medicine and Rheumatology)

Instalator / tehnician climatizare (aer condiționat / încălzire) ( Installer / Air conditioning technician (air conditioning / heating))

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Instalator de gaz (Gas installer) Installateur und Heizungsbauer (gas) / Gas installer /repairer

Karosserie- und Fahrzeugbauer / Car bodyworker / Panel beater /Car painter

Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychothera peut/in / Child psychotherapist

Tinichigiu carosier/ vopsitor auto (Car bodyworker / Car painter)

Psihoterapeut pentru copii și tineri (Child psychotherapist)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Pediatrie (Doctor / Pediatrics) Kinder- und Jugendmedizin / Doctor of Medicine

Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und psychotherapie / Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Psihiatria copilului și adolescentului și psihoterapie (Doctor / Psychiatry of the child and psychotherapy) Medic/ Chirurgie pediatrică (Doctor / Pediatric Syrgery)

Kinderchirurgie / Doctor of Medicine

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES1

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

RO: Pediatric Psychiatry

YES

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Instalator (instalații sanitare) (Plumber / Sanitary installations)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Cofetar –Patiser (Baker / Pastry Maker)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Tehnician auto (mecanic auto) (Auto Technician)

General recognition system – primary application

Klempner / Plumber

Konditoren / Baker/Pastry maker

Kraftfahrzeugtechniker (car mechanic)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Kälteanlagenbauer / Air conditioning technician/Heating/Centr al heating technician/installer/repair er/MaintenanceInstallation of ventilation equipment

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Tehnician - reparații vehicule cu motor (Technician – motor vehicles repairs)

Asistent în îngrijire / Asistent de nivel second (Care nurse / Second level nurse)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Instalator / tehnician climatizare (aer condiționat / ventilație/ răcire) (Installer / airconditioning technician (airconditioning/ventilati on/cooling)

Kraftfahrzeugtechniker (motor vehicule repair)

Kranken-pflegerhelfer/in / Second level nurse

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

General recognition system – primary application

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle` Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

EUROPEAN UNION

Laboratoriumsmedizin / Doctor of Medicine

Landmaschinenmechanik er / Agricultural/farm machinery/engine maintenance/repair

Landschafts-n. Gartenarchitect / Landscape architect / designer

Lehrer / Primary school teacher

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Medicină de laborator (Doctor / Laboratory Medicine)

Mecanic mașini agricole (întreținere / reparații motoare) (Agricultural machinery mechanic (maintenance / engine repair)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Arhitect / designer peisagist (Landscape architect / designer)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Profesor (în învățământul primar) ( Primary school teacher)

The list of the competent authorities is available at www.anabin.de For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

YES

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years) Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

EUROPEAN UNION

Lehrer (alle Lehrämter) /Secondary school teacher

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Profesor în învăţământul secundar (toate funcțiile didactice) (Secondary school techer (all teaching positions) Logoped (Speech and language therapist)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

YES

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Zugrav-decorator (Painter – decorator)

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

Logopäde /Logopädin / Speech and language therapist

Maler und Lackierer / Painter-decorator

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

100

EUROPEAN UNION

Masseur - n. medizinischer Bademeister/in / Masseur/Massage therapist/Spa therapist

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Masor / masor kinetoterapeut (Masseur / Massage Therapist)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Zidar și betonist (Mason /Bricklayer)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Asistent în tehnică radiologică (Nurse in radiologic therapy)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Maurer und Betonbauer / Mason /Bricklayer

Med.- tech. Radiologieassistent(in) / Radiographer / Radiotherapist

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

General recognition system – primary application

101

EUROPEAN UNION

Medizinisch technische(r) Assistent(in) für Funktionsdiagnostik / Medical/Biomedical laboratory technician

Medizinischer Fusspfleger(in) / Podologe(in) / Chiropodist (podiatrist)

Metallbauer (blacksmith) / Blacksmith, Farrier, Forging, Stamping, Pressing

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Asistent în tehnica medicală pentru diagnostică funcțională (Nurse in the medical technique for functional diagnosis)

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

Pedichiurist medical / lucrător în podologie (Chiropodist (podiatrist))

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

Fierar (potcovar) / Lucrător în prelucrarea metalului (forjare, ștanțare, presare) (Blacksmith (ferrier) / Worker in metal processing (drilling, samping, pressing)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

102

EUROPEAN UNION

Metallbauer (locksmith)

Metallbauer (metal caster)

Mikrobiologie (Virologie) und Infektionsepidemiologie / Doctor of Medicine

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Lăcătuș / Lucrător în prelucrarea obiectelor metalice (Locksmith / Worker in the processing of the metallic objects)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Metalurgist / Lucrător/ muncitor în metalurgie (turnător/ muncitor turnătorie) (Ironman / Worker in metallurgy (Metal caster)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Medic/ Microbiologie (virusologie), epidemiologie și boli infecțioase (Doctor / Microbiology (Virology) / Epidemiology and Infectious diseases)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES1 1

RO: Infectious diseases

103

EUROPEAN UNION

Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie / Doctor of Medicine

Nervenheilkunde (Neurologie und Psychiatrie) / Doctor of Medicine

Neurochirurgie / Doctor of Medicine

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Chirurgie maxilo-facială (Doctor / Maxillofacial Surgery)

Medic/ Neurologie (Neurologie și Psihiatrie) (Doctor / Neurology (Neurology and Psychiatry)

Medic/ Neurochirurgie (Doctor / Neurosurgery)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES1 1

RO: Plastic surgery – reconstructive microsurgery

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

104

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Neurologie (Doctor / Neurology) Neurologie / Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Medicină nucleară (Doctor / Nuclear Nuklearmedizin / Doctor of Medicine

Ofen- und Luftheizungsbauer / Stovemaker/Stove fitter

Instalator de aragaz și cuptor (Stovemaker/Stove fitter)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

105

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Optician ortoptist (V) Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Orthoptist/in / Orthoptist

Orthopädie (und Unfallchirurgie) / Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Ortopedie și traumatology (Doctor / Orthopedics and Traumatology)

Cizmar- ortoped (Orthopaedic shoemaker) Orthopädieschuhmacher/i n / Orthopaedic shoemaker

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

General recognition system – primary application

YES

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

106

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Tehnician ortoped (Orthopaedic technician) Orthopädietechniker/in / Prosthetist and orthotist / Orthopaedic technician /Surgical truss-maker

Patentanwalt/ Patent Agent / Trademark agent

Agent de brevete (Patent Agent)

Medic/ Patologie (Doctor / Pathology) Pathologie / Doctor of Medicine

Pharmakologie und Toxikologie / Doctor of Medicine

Medic/ Farmacologie și toxicology (Doctor / Pharmacology and toxicology)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern General recognition system – primary in Deutschland) http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi application cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172 For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn Not specified in the IMI system – see General recognition National Contact Point (PNC) system – primary application The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

YES1 1

RO: Anatomical Pathology)

YES1 1

RO: Farmacologie clinică (Clinical Pharmacology)

107

EUROPEAN UNION

Pharmazeutischtechnische(r) Assistent(in) / Pharmaceutical technician/Pharmaceutica l assistant

Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin /Doctor of Medicine

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Asistent în tehnica farmaceutică / preparator – asistent de farmacie (Pharmaceutical technician/Pharmace utical assistant) Medic/ Medicină fizică și de recuperare (Doctor / Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)

Fizioterapeut / kinetoterapeut (Physiotherapist) Physiotherapeut/in Krankengymnast/in / Physiotherapist

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle

YES1

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

General recognition system – primary application

RO: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Balneotherapy Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

108

EUROPEAN UNION

Plastische (und Ästhetische) Chirurgie / Doctor of Medicine

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Chirurgie plastică și estetică (Doctor / Plastic and aesthetic surgery)

Medic/ Pneumologie (Doctor / Pneumology) Pneumologie / Doctor of Medicine

Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie / Doctor of Medicine

Psychologische® Psychotherapeut/in / Psychotherapist

Medic/ Psihiatrie și Psihoterapie (Doctor / Psychiatry and Psychotherapy)

Psihoterapeut (Psychotherapist)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56 Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES 1

General recognition system – primary application

only Psychiatry

Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

109

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Medic/ Radiologie (Doctor / Radiology)

Rettungsassistent / Second level nurse

Schornsteinfeger / Chimney sweep

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Paramedic/ asistent ambulanță (Paremedic / Ambulance Nurse)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Coșar (Chimney sweep)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Radiologie / Doctor of Medicine

Rechtsanwalt / Lawyer/Barrister/Solicito r

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Avocat (Lawyer)

General recognition system – primary application

YES

Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years) SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES

110

EUROPEAN UNION

Seiler und Netzmacher / Rope/Net Maker/Repairer

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Fabricant frângii, corzi, plase (Rope/Net Maker/Repairer)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Profesor (specializat) pentru persoane cu nevoi speciale (Special needs teacher)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Asistent social (Social worker)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Skilehrer/in / Ski instructor

Sozialassistent/in / Social worker

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172 For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

Monitor de ski (Ski instructor)

Sonderpädagogosche Lehrämter (Unterschiede in Bezeichnung, Ausbildungsgang und Lehrbefähigung in den Ländern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) / Special needs teacher

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

General recognition system – primary application

SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

SEC – Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle

YES

111

EUROPEAN UNION

Sozialmedizinischer Assistent/in / Child care worker

Staatlich anerkannte/r Erzieher/in / Kindergarten teacher/ Nursery school teacher/Preparatory school teacher

Staatlich geprüfter Erzieher/in / Child care worker

Stadtplaner / Town planner / Town and Country Planner

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Asistent social medical / Lucrător în îngrijirea copilului (Social medical assistant / Child care worker)

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

Educator / Profesor de școală pregătitoare / Grădiniță (Kindergarten teacher / Preparatory school teacher / Kindergarten)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Educator / Lucrător în îngrijirea copilului (Kindergarten teacher / Child care worker)

For details: ZAB - Conrad Holger Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen Lennénstr. 6 53113 Bonn

General recognition system – primary application

Urbanist (Town planner)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

SEC Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

YES

112

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Pietrar și cioplitor în piatră (Mason /Bricklayer)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Contabil (Accountant)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

General recognition system – primary application

Steinmetzen und Steinbildhauer / Mason /Bricklayer

Steuerberater / Accountant/ Tax advisor

Medic/ Radioterapie (Doctor / Radiotherapy) Strahlentherapie / Doctor of Medicine

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

YES1 1

RO: Chartered accountant, Fiscal consultant) YES

113

EUROPEAN UNION

Straßenbauer / Construction/Civil engineering: building of roads, bridges, railways)

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Constructor de drumuri (Road constructor)

Tencuitor (Plasterer)

Stukkateure / Plasterer

Medic/ Chirurgie toracică (Doctor / Thoracic surgery) Thoraxchirurgie / Doctor of Medicine

Tierarzt / Veterinary Surgeon

Medic veterinary (Veterinary surgeon)

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172 Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammern in (Handwerkskammern in Deutschland) the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

Medic veterinary (Veterinary surgeon)

YES

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

114

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Medic/ Urologie (Doctor / Urology)

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

Urologie / Doctor of Medicine

Vereidigter DiplomÜbersetzer FH / Translator/Interpreter

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Ffabricant de mobilă din lemn (Dulgher) (Wooden furniture maker) Tischler / Wooden furniture maker

Vereidigter DiplomDolmetscher FH / Translator/Interpreter

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Interpret autorizat cu diplomă (DSE) (Sworn Translator/Interpreter with diploma) Translator/ traducător autorizat cu diplomă (DSE) (Sworn Translator/Interpreter with diploma)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES

YES1

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary level diploma (3-4 years)

RO: Sworn Translator/Interpr eter YES 1 RO: Sworn Translator/Interpr eter

115

EUROPEAN UNION

Vereidigter staatlich geprüfter Übersetzer / Translator/Interpreter

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Traducător de stat autorizat (State Translator/Interpreter )

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Asistent veterinary (Veterinary nurse)

Hessian Ministry for Environment, Energy, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, V 2B Unit ”meat hygiene, sub-products of animal origin, animal health, veterinary use products, official veterinary surgeons of training, veterinary state businesses of association and profesions medical law” (Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Referat V 2B "Fleischhygiene, Tierische Nebenprodukte, The lists with the competent authorities according to article 56 paragraph 3 in Directive 2005/36/EC regarding the recognition of the qualifications for the sectoral professions – see http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=56

Veterinärmedizinisch(in)technische(r) Assistent(in) / Pharmazie Ingenieur / Veterinary nurse

Visceralchirurgie / Doctor of Medicine

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Medic/ Chirurgie viscerală (generală) (Doctor / Visceral surgery (general)

General recognition system – primary or secondary application

General recognition system – primary application

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

SEC Certificate attesting the finalization of a secondary education cycle

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES 1 1

RO: The sworn translator is a profession regulated on the DSE qualification level (v. see above) YES

YES

116

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Vulcanizare și mecanic anvelope (Rubber and/or Asbestos processing /Tyre repair)

Wirtschaftsprüfer / Auditor/ Accountant

Contabil autorizat (Certified Accountant)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Wärme-, Kälte- und Schallschutzisolierer / Building insulator / Building insulation

Izolare pentru construcții (căldură, frig și izolație fonică) (Insulation for constructions (heat, cold and sound insulation)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Medic dentist/ medic stomatology (Dentis / Dental Practitioner)

The list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=33

Dentist

Vulkaniseure und Reifenmechaniker / Rubber and/or Asbestos processing /Tyre repair

Zahnarzt / / Dental Practitioner

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D) Diplomă de nivel postsecundar (3-4 ani) Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

YES

117

EUROPEAN UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Tehnician dentar (Dental Technician)

General recognition system – primary application

Tâmplar (Carpenter)

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Reparator biciclete și mopede (Bicycle/moped repairer)

Chambers of Crafts land) -lista the list of the competent authorities is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifi cations/regprof/index.cfm?action=view_d ocument&id_document=172

Recognition of professional experience / appendix IV – automatic recognition

Zahntechniker/in / Dental technician

Zimmerer / Joiner/Carpenter

Zweiradmechaniker / Bicycle/moped repairer

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

YES

118

EUROPEAN UNION

medizinisch-technische(r) LaboratoriumsAssistent(in) / Medical/Biomedical laboratory technician

Ärztliche Grundausbildung / Doctor of Medicine

Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen / Doctor of Medicine

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013

Structural instruments 2007 - 2013

Asistent de laborator în tehnică medicală (Medical/Biomedical laboratory technician)

Not specified in the IMI system – see National Contact Point (PNC)

Medic - formare de bază / (Doctor – Basic training) (cf. IMI: Basic medical training – Romania)

Medic/ Sănătate publică (Doctor. Public health)

General recognition system – primary application

Postsecondary education diploma, including appendix II (for instance 92/51, appendix C, D)

Doctor în medicină (de bază) (Doctor of Medicine (Basic)

YES

Doctor of Medicine (basic and of specialty), according to appendix V

YES

119