THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND The Sectoral Operational Program Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013 Priority Axis 3 “INCREASING ADAPTABILITY OF WORKERS AND ENTERPRISES” Key Area of Intervention 3.3 “Development of partnerships and encouraging initiatives for social partners and civil society” Project title: “The Network of Competent Authorities for Professional Qualifications in Romania (IMI PQ NET Romania)” Beneficiary: the Ministry of National Education Contract no.: POSDRU/93/3.3/S/53132
Deliverable 30.1 “Certification and Recognition Guidelines for the Mediator Profession” ETS dr. eng. Ionel POPA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................... I Regulation status for the mediator profession in Romania and in the European Union ........................... 1.1 Legislation regulating the mediator profession in Romania ................................................................. 1.2 Conditions regarding the access to the regulated mediator profession in Romania ……………… 1.3 Landmarks for the mediator profession in the European Union states …………………………… II Validation / certification procedures for competences applied by the competent authorities in the countries where the mediator profession is being regulated … 2.1 Mediation legislative framework in Italy ……….. 2.2 Mediators’ training in Italy …..…………………. Recognition processes for qualifications achieved in III other EU Member States ….…………………….….. 3.1 Mediator profession recognition procedure …….. 3.2 Application to SOLVIT .………………………… IV Practicing the mediator profession in the European Union …….…………………………………………….. 4.1 Mediators’ competence, appointment and fees, the promotion of their services ……………………… 4.2 Mediators’ independence and impartiality …….… 4.3 Mediation process and settlement ……………….. 4.4 Mediator’s confidentiality …………………….…. Conclusions ............................................................................... Bibliography .............................................................................
3 5 8 10 18
31 32 35 36 36 39 43 44 45 46 47 48 51
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Introduction These “Certification and Recognition Guidelines for the Mediator Profession” account for one of the multiple results of the “The
Network
of
Competent
Authorities
for
Professional
Qualifications in Romania” project (IMI PQ NET Romania), which is done for the consolidation of the capacity the Mediation Council (MC) has both as a social partner in the project and as a competent authority by informing it in relation to the practices used in the other 8 EU Member States for the mediator profession. The activity involving the elaboration of these guidelines contributes in achieving the overall goal of the IMI PQ NET Romania project, consisting in the creation and consolidation of the Internal Market Information System (IMI) for the professional qualifications in Romania. The importance of the mediator profession is given by the fact that both the individuals and the companies have the right to settle their disputes both outside and inside the mandatory proceedings for amicable settlement of the conflicts under the law. For this purpose, Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was issued on May 21st, 2008 at European level on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters; this Directive was published in the EU Official Journal no. L136/3 of May 24th, 2008 3
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and applies to the civil and commercial cross-border disputes, except for the rights and obligations the parties may not enjoy according to the national legislation. As the mediation activity facilitates the settlement of disputes and contributes to the avoidance of problems, loss of time and also minimizes the costs generated by disputes that would have been settled in court, it allows the citizens to effectively protect their legal rights. These “Certification and Recognition Guidelines for the Mediator Profession� cover two large issues: on one hand the certification of the mediator profession in Romania and on the other hand the recognition of this profession in the Member States (MS) of the European Union (EU), where this profession is being regulated. Moreover, these guidelines provide concrete information on the mediator profession in the EU Member States, which the project management believes to be representative (the Czech Republic, Spain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Portugal). As we are convinced of the future development of the mediation activity and the importance of the mediator profession both by significantly reducing the costs involved by the settlement of a
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dispute and the timeframe allotted to such dispute, we have done intensive research on this profession by using the Internet.
I. Regulation status for the mediator profession in Romania and in the European Union The mediator profession – having the Code COR 243202 in the Romanian Occupational Classification – is being regulated in Romania and the current applicable legislation has been fully harmonized with the European legislation. The European Union also includes – besides Romania – one state where the mediator profession is being regulated, i.e. Italy. The mediation activity is a facultative way to settle conflicts in an amicable way by using a specialized third party as a mediator, a person who is neutral, impartial, trustworthy and freely accepted by the parties. Unless the law stipulates otherwise, the parties – individuals or companies – may voluntarily resort to mediation even after a trial is brought to court and they may also agree to solve any civil, commercial, family, criminal, etc. matter this way, under the conditions laid down in the current law. The mediation activity is equal for all people, no matter what race, colour, nationality, ethnical origin, language, religion, sexual 5
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orientation, opinion, political affiliation, wealth or social original they might have and it can be done between two or more parties, by one or more mediators and the parties have the right to chose the mediators according to their free will or as applicable. The main objective set by the European Union for this legal action is to encourage people to resort to mediation in all the Member States. For this purpose, Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was adopted on May 21st, 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters; this Directive was published in the EU Official Journal no. L 136/3 of May 24th, 2008, in order to implement in the national legislations of the EU Member States five norms believed to be fundamental to the success of the mediation process: 1. it forces the Member States to encourage the mediators’ training and improvement so that they can provide high-quality mediation services; 2. it grants each judge the right to invite the parties involved in a dispute to resort to mediation first, if he/she believes that mediation is recommendable, given the circumstances of that case; 3. it stipulates that the agreements concluded following mediation may become enforceable if both parties request it;
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4. it
guarantees
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that
mediation
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takes
place
in
total
confidentiality. The Directive states that the mediator cannot be forced to provide evidence to the court in relation to what happened during the mediation phase if the parties in that mediation become involved in a future dispute; 5. it guarantees that the parties do not lose their right to go to court after the mediation phase ends: the timeframes during which the parties have the right to bring an action to court are suspended during the mediation phase. In Romania the Competent Authority having jurisdiction over the access, practicing and monitoring of the mediator profession is the Mediation Council. The duties for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council are laid down in the “Rules for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council�1, approved by the
Mediation Council Resolution no. 5/13.05.2007 published in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 505 of July 27th, 2007, with current amendments and completions.
1
Article 16, 17 in the Rules for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council, approved by the Mediation Council Resolution no. 5/13.05.2007 published in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 505 of July 27 th, 2007
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The Mediation Council issues the mediator classes graduation certificates that are released by the trainers and submitted with the authorization file by the people having graduated the course and who want to practice the mediator profession. 1.1
Legislation regulating the mediator profession in
Romania The mediator profession in Romania is being regulated by the following legal acts: a. Law no. 192/2006 on the mediation activity and the organization of the mediator profession, published in the Official Gazette No. 441 of May 22nd, 2006, with current amendments and completions; b. Government Ordinance no. 13/2010, which transposes Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 12th, 2006, on the services provided on the internal market, published in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 70 of January 30th, 2010; c. Law no. 202/2010 on certain actions to be taken for the acceleration of settlements in court, published in the Official Gazette 714/25.11.2010;
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d. Rules for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council, published in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 505 of July 27th, 2007, with current amendments and completions; e. The mediator training standard adopted by the Mediation Council through Resolution no. 12/2007, approved on June 28th, 2000 by the Council for Occupational Standards and Assessment (COSA); f. Law no. 115/2012 amending and completing Law no. 192/2006, published in the Official Gazette 462 of July 4th, 2012; g. Urgency Ruling no. 90 of December 12th, 2012 amending and completing Law no. 192/2006 on the mediation activity and the organization of the mediator profession, as well as amending Article II in the Law no. 115/2012 amending and completing Law no. 192/2006 on the mediation activity and the organization of the mediator profession published in the Official Gazette, Part I, no. 878/21.12. 2012; h. Urgency Ruling no. 4 of January 30th, 2013 amending Law no. 76/2012 for the application of Law no. 134/2010 on the Civil Procedure Code, as well as amending and completing certain related regulatory acts, published in the Official Gazette no. 68 of January 31st, 2013; i. Romanian Mediators’ Code of Professional Ethics and Deontology, published as Annex no. 2 to the Resolution no. 2.247 of 9
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July 29th, 2011 amending and completing the Rules for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council, published in the Romanian Official Gazette, Part I, no. 581 of August 17th, 2011. The legislative amendments cumulated in paragraphs g) and h) involve the obligation of the parties involved in civil suits to insert the inadmissibility of the claims filed in court after August 1st, 2013, if the parties were not informed on the advantages of the mediation activity.
1.2 Conditions regarding the access to the regulated
mediator profession in Romania The conditions regarding the access to the regulated mediator profession in Romania are laid down in the law2; therefore, a mediator is a person fulfilling the following conditions: 1. he/she has full capacity to practice his/her profession; 2. he/she graduated from a higher education institution; 3. he/she has at least 3 years of experience; 4. he/she is medically fit to carry out this activity;
2
Article 7 in Law no. 192/2006 on the mediation activity and the organization of the mediator profession, published in the Official Gazette No. 441 of May 22nd, 2006, with current amendments and completions
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5. he/she has a good reputation and has not been irrevocably sentenced for an intentional offence that might prejudice the prestige of this profession; 6. he/she graduated the mediation training courses under the law or a post-graduation master’s program in this field, a program accredited under the law and approved by the Mediation Council; 7. he/she has been authorized as a mediator. The following four stages have to be followed for a person to be registered as a mediator in the Romanian Table of Mediators: Stage I – Submission of the authorization file at the Mediation Council; The file has to include the documents necessary for: the authorization decision to be issued; the operation permit and the mediator badge to be released. The application3 filed with the authorization file has to be filled out according to the model in Annex no. 2 to the Rules for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council and shall be accompanied by the following documents4:
3
http://www.cmediere.ro/formulare-utile/9/ http://www.cmediere.ro/page/124/ghid-de-parcurgere-a-procedurii-deautorizare-actualizat-la-31-03-20134
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1) a copy of the ID Card (certified as being “consistent with the original”) 2) a copy of the birth certificate (certified as being “consistent with the original”) 3) a copy of the marriage certificate – only if applicable (certified as being “consistent with the original”) 4) a legalized copy of the bachelor’s degree or – as applicable – the education title accompanied by the equivalence certificate issued by the Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport 5) copies of the documents certifying the training courses in mediation (certified as being “consistent with the original”), as applicable, as follows: the mediation training course graduation certificate issued under the law by the Council or an Examination Certificate issued by the Council; or the proof of the graduation of a post-academic master’s program in the mediation field, accredited under the Law and approved by the Mediation Council; or the Council Resolution on the equivalence of the mediation training in the case of people who fit the provisions laid down in Article 8 and Article 72 in Law no. 192/2006, with current amendments and completions (for the foreign citizens having 12
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obtained the mediator qualification in another state of the European Union, the European Economic Area or the Swiss Confederation). The foreign mediator may occasionally carry out his/her mediation activity in Romania as service provision based on the document legally confirming that he/she legally practices this profession in his/her state of origin or provenance being exempted from the authorization and registration requirements laid down in the law but having still the obligation to notify in writing the Mediation Council on the activity carried out by him/her; the medical certificate bearing the mention “Fit for the mediator profession”, issued by the labour medicine physician or – as applicable – the medical certificate issued by the family doctor, which has to bear the mention “Clinically healthy” and the indication that the certificate also covers an examination performed by a specialized psychiatrist; the certificate has to be valid for three months and it should still be valid when the application is filed at the Mediation Council – in original; a certificate of criminal record that has to be still valid when the application is filed at the Mediation Council (for the Romanian citizens) or an affidavit given and signed in front of a notary public (for the foreign citizens) – in original;
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a copy of the proof of work seniority (certified as being “consistent with the original”); proof that the authorization fee – RON 980 and the mediator badge fee – RON 20 were paid into the Mediation Council account5; documents confirming the establishment of the form selected for the practicing of the mediator profession6 (the document for the establishment of the Office of Associated Mediators has to include also an association agreement signed by the associated mediators) – in two original copies; a copy of the proof providing details on the location of the professional office, which could be: a loan for use contract, a lease or sublease agreement, etc. (certified as being “consistent with the original”); 2 ID photographies. Stage II – The assessment of the file during the monthly meeting of the Permanent Commission and the issue of the Mediation Council Resolution for the approval or rejection of the authorization
5
RO 62 BRDE 410S V965 1163 4100, opened at BRD-GSG – the Calderon Branch 6 Article 34, paragraph (2) in the Rules for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council, adopted by the Mediation Council by Resolution no. 5/13.05.2007, published in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 505 of July 27th, 2007, with current amendments and completions
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and the approval of the form chosen for the practicing of the mediator profession; Stage III – The registration of the authorized mediator’s data in the Table of Mediators7. The documents necessary for the registration in the authorized Table of Mediators are the following: - application4 for registration in the Table of Mediators, which has to be accompanied by: 1. an affidavit on the registration of the mediation activity and of the form chosen for practicing the mediator profession in the fiscal records – in original 2. a copy of the proof indicating the registration or the application for being registered in a professional association in the National Register of Organizations in Mediation (RNEODM) 3. an affidavit regarding the authenticity of the data provided for the registration in the Table of Mediators – in original Stage IV – The issue of the Free Practice Certificate and of the mediator badge8. Following the submission of the application and the payment of the relevant fees, the mediators’ names are recorded in the Table of 7
Public document drawn up, managed and published by the Mediation Council 8 The Mediation Council Resolution, the Authorization, the Badge and the registration in the Table of Mediators may be requested simultaneously
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Authorized Mediators9. The Romanian Table of Authorized Mediators is updated each year and published on the Mediation Council website and in the Romanian Official Gazette, Part I. Requirements on the mediators’ continuous training10. Right from the establishment of the Mediation Council, the legislator has taken into account the quality of the mediators’ training and the need for maintaining it, “The mediators have the obligation to constantly improve their theoretical knowledge and mediation techniques and for this purpose they have to take continuous training courses under the conditions established by the Mediation Council”. Moreover, by applying the legal provisions according to Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 21st, 2008 on certain civil and commercial aspects of mediation, published in the EU Official Journal no. L136/3 of May 24th, 200852/2008 of the European Parliament, the Mediation Council decided on May 8th, 2010 to establish the consultative commission on the training quality so that a permanent dialogue is maintained between the Mediation Council and the mediation offices / 9
http://www.cmediere.ro/page/124/ghid-de-parcurgere-a-procedurii-deautorizare-actualizat-la-31-03-2013-, 10 Article 34 din Law no. 192/2006 on the mediation activity and the organization of the mediator profession, published in the Official Gazette No. 441 of May 22nd, 2006, with current amendments and completions
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associations on topics regarding the mediators’ initial and continuous training as an essential part of the profession of high-quality mediation services in Romania. Therefore, each year the mediator has to accumulate at least 20 professional points11 by attending continuous training courses, conferences, workshops, seminars, etc. (Table 1). Table 1 No. 1 2 3 4 5
Activity Attending conferences, round tables, symposiums, etc. Continuous training courses Presentation of works and materials during conferences, etc. Presentation of mediation PhD works Publication of articles in the ADR field
No. of points granted 0.5 professional points granted / hour of participation 1 professional point / hour 5 professional points for one presentation 80 points 5 points / article
At the moment the Mediation Council website includes a public debate on the new bylaws applicable to mediators12 where the 11
Article 52, paragraph 13 in the Rules for the organization and functioning of the Mediation Council 12 http://www.cmediere.ro/page/827/-statutul-profesiei-de-mediator--proiect-rezultat-in-urma-sedintei-comisiei-consultative-a-corpuluiprofesional---brasov-17-11-2012.
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accumulation of the 20 professional annual points corresponding to the continuous training remains a mandatory condition. The mediator’s failure to comply with the obligation to permanently improve his/her knowledge leads to a written warning, fine or suspension of his/her right to practice the profession for a period ranging between 1 and 6 months, as applicable. The mediators whose names are registered in the Table of Authorized Mediators13, hereinafter referred to as the Table, have the obligation to pay an annual professional fee in order to be allowed to practice their regulated profession as authorized mediators. The annual fee14 for the maintenance of the professional authorization is of RON 300 at the moment. The data in the Table are updated upon the request made by the Mediation Council or whenever the applications initially filed by the mediator change. 1.3 Landmarks for the mediator profession in the European Union states The mediator profession is not being regulated in the Czech Republic, Spain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain 13
http://www.cmediere.ro/mediatori/ You may also see the webpage http://www.cmediere.ro/page/228/taxelepercepute-de-consiliul-de-mediere-incepand-with-anul-2012-conformhotararilor-nr-196-and-197-din-25-02-2012-723-din-23-02-2013 14
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and Portugal, therefore the access to this profession consists in the fulfilment of practice conditions that are similar to those applicable for the citizens in the host countries. Below you shall find the institutional mediation framework and the conditions applicable to the training activity in the EU states where the mediator profession is not being regulated. The mediators have to comply with the rules in the Code of Conduct specific to each state or professional mediation association in which they might practice their profession. Denmark In Denmark the services provided by a private mediator may be used. The mediation as a private activity is not being regulated under the law and the costs have to be borne by the parties. Inter alia the law states that there is a way to amicable solve (mægling) the civil cases already brought to local courts (byretterne), regional courts (landsretterne) or the Maritime and Commercial Tribunal (Sø‑ og Handelsretten) and to use mediation in criminal cases as part of the Mediation Committee (konfliktråd). Law no. 467 of June 12th, 2009 on mediation in criminal cases – which came into force on January 1st, 2010 – provides a permanent regime at national level for mediation activities in criminal cases. Therefore, in each territorial area, the police chief commissioner establishes a mediation committee where – in the case of a criminal act – the victim and the 19
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author may join before a neutral mediator. The mediation activities within the mediation committee take place only upon the parties’ consent. Mediators’ training. The following people may be appointed as mediators: judges or deputy judges of that court or attorneys authorized
by
the
Danish
Department
for
Legal
Services
(Domstolstyrelsen), as mediators in the territorial area of that court. Germany On July 26th, 2012 a law regarding the mediation activities (Mediationsgesetz) came into force for the first time in Germany; it was published in the Official Journal (Bundesgesetzblatt) I¸ p. 1577) and transposes into the national legislation Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 21st, 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, published: OJ L 136, 24.5.2008, p. 3. The scope of the German Mediation Act goes beyond the requirements in the European directive. While Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 21st, 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters is only focused on the cross-border disputes in civil and commercial maters, the German Mediation Act covers all forms of mediation in Germany, irrespective of the dispute type or residence of the parties involved. The German Mediation Act 20
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only includes general provisions as the mediators and the parties involved need sufficient room for manoeuvre during the mediation process. The mediators are independent and impartial persons without any power to decide, who only guide the parties involved during the mediation procedure. The act refrains from establishing a precise code of conduct for the mediation procedure and sets a series of obligations in the information disclosing matters and restrictions on the activity so that the independence and impartiality of the mediator profession are protected. Moreover, the legislation formally forces the mediators to keep the confidentiality of the information related to their clients. The act promotes the amicable settlement of disputes by including in the official procedure codes various incentives (i.e., the Civil Procedure Code, Zivilprozessordnung). Therefore, when the parties file a civil case to the court, they have to state whether or not they have already tried to settle their dispute by using extrajudicial ways such as mediation. The federal government has the legal obligation to submit a report to the Bundestag (the lower house of the Parliament) on the impact of the act within maximum five years since its application. Moreover, the mediator profession is not being regulated, so that the Government has to decide whether or not to include additional 21
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legislative actions for the mediators’ professional training and improvement. In general, mediation may be used in all areas where the parties have the permission to also use other means besides the judicial ones in order to solve the disputes or other issues between them. The mediation process is the most common activity in the family law, the succession law and the commercial law. Numerous organizations provide mediation services: 1. the Federal Association for Family Mediation15 2. the Federal Mediation Association16 3. the Federal Mediation Association in Economic and Professional Environment17 4. the Mediation Centre18 5. the Association of German Lawyers19 Mediators’ training. The training courses are organized by associations, universities, enterprises and individuals and there is no 15
Bundes-Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Familien-Mediation e.V.: BAFM, Eisenacher Straße 1, 10777 Berlin 16 Bundesverband Mediation e.V.: BM), Kirchweg 80, 34119 Kassel 17 Bundesverband Mediation in Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt e.V.: (BMWA), Welserstraße 9, 86368 Gersthofen 18 Centrale für Mediation GmbH & Co. KG - CfM - Gustav-HeinemannUfer 58, 50368 Köln 19 Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mediation im Deutschen Anwaltverein, Littenstraße 11, 10179 Berlin
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regulation at national level. Most of the times the mediation process is provided by the lawyers, who prove to be able to manage a conflict between the parties. Great Britain. In the United Kingdom, the mediation process is specifically provided in the jurisdiction of England and Whales. The Justice Department is liable for the mediation policies. In order to assure the quality of the mediation process, which is recommended by court in civil disputes (except for family disputes), the authorities have coordinated their activity together with the Civil Mediation Council (CMC) in order to include an accreditation program. CMC is an organization representing mediators in civil and commercial matters. At the moment, the courts forward the cases only to the mediators who are accredited by the CMC. Regarding the family disputes, the mediation process is selfregulated and consists in a series of member organizations or accreditation bodies the mediators are affiliated to. These bodies joined their forces and formed the Family Mediation Council (FMC) in order to harmonize the family mediation standards. Although FMC is a non-governmental body, it plays an essential part among the member organizations, out of which the most 23
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important are: Alternative Dispute Resolution Group - ADR Group, Family Mediation Association, National Family Mediation, UK College of Family Mediators, Resolution, The Solicitors’ Regulation Authority’s Family Mediation Accreditation. The main fields in the mediation process are the civil/commercial law, the mediation in family, work-related and community matters. The Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) regulate both the practice and the procedure that have to be complied with in the civil sections of the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the county courts. To the same extent, just as the civil procedure rules, the family procedure rules encourage the use of alternative ways for dispute settlement. In addition, the rules regarding the financing out of public funds (mandatory for those who use the public funds in order to bring cases to court) ask the parties in a family dispute to use public funds mainly in other to attend a reunion in order to discus the family mediation as an alternative before taking their case to court. For this purpose, in certain cases the family mediation may be a preliminary condition for bringing the case to court. For the mediators in England and Whales there is no national code of conduct. However, in order to be accredited by the CMC, the civil mediation service provider has to accede to a code of conduct – usually the EU Code of Conduct. FMC also has to make sure that its 24
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members (practitioners in the family mediation field) accede to the FMC Code of Conduct. Mediators’ training. In England and Whales there is no national body for the training of civil mediators. The mediators are trained in the private sector that is not being regulated. The professional body is self-regulated and provides training for its own members. The family mediators come from a variety of fields: legal, therapeutic, including social services and there are no legal requirements saying that they have to attend specialized training courses. However, various organizations provide accreditation / the right to become a member in that organization / association and they organize their own training courses and have their own training standards that include initial and continuous training requirements.
The Netherlands. Although the Netherlands can be considered the homeland of mediation, the profession is not being regulated, but there is a certain initiative regarding the mediation upon a proposal issued by a court, the so-called “Mediation naast rechtspraak”. This means that the territorial court or the court of appeal instrumenting the case notifies the parties that hey might chose to go through a mediation process. The court can do this in writing and in such a case both parties shall 25
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receive a notice accompanied by a leaflet providing them with information, the self-assessment prior to mediation and a response form. In the Kingdom of the Netherlands, mediation is always possible and is used most of the times in civil law and public law actions. Mediation is extremely easy as each district court and court of appeal includes a mediation officer who can answer questions, forward mediation proposals to the other party or help the parties in finding a mediator. Mediators’ training. The governmental body in charge with the training of mediators in the Netherlands is the Netherlands Mediation Institute (NMI)20. The NMI database includes data pertaining to all the qualified mediators in the Netherlands and can be found in the “NMI Register of Mediators”. The mediators may register at NMI and afterwards they have to accede to the mediators’ code of conduct. The registration is voluntary (just as the accession to the code of conduct), but if a mediator wants to work for the Dutch financed legal assistance system or after receiving a request from a court, he/she has the obligation to register his/her name at the NMI and has to hold the proof of his/her accreditation as a mediator. 20
Westblaak 150, 3012 KM, Rotterdam. Mailing address: PO Box 21499, 3001 AL Rotterdam. Tel: 010 - 201 23 44, Fax: 010 - 201 23 45, E-mail info@nmi-mediation.n
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The mediators registered at NMI are trained and qualified for practicing their profession as mediators pursuant to the NMI mediation rules. Upon registration they undertake to comply with the NMI quality assurance system. In order to be recorded in the NMI register as a mediator, the person has to fulfil two basic conditions: the first condition is that he/she has to have successfully graduated a mediators’ training course accredited by NMI or to take an assessment test on the necessary knowledge and the second condition is that he/she has to take a test assessing the relevant knowledge. NMI has also accredited other mediators’ training institutions. The training programs range from 6-day basic classes, plus night classes to classes that take 20 days or more. The assessment instrument was developed for NMI by the Leiden University. The knowledge test includes 50 multiple-choice questions as well as five case studies. The relevant knowledge is included in the “Mediation Handboek” course published by the Sdu Uitgevers Publishing House in the city of Hague.
Portugal Portugal has a governmental body in charge with the regulation of the mediation activities – the Office for Alternative Dispute Resolution (GRAL = Gabinete para a Resolução Alternativa de 27
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LitĂgios), which also provides lists of mediators. However at national level there is no code of conduct for the mediators and they carry out their activity pursuant to the European Code of Conduct for Mediators. As applicable, certain legal and administrative structures define their own activities and mandatory requirements for the practicing of this profession. There are no instructions for the mediation sessions or methodologies that can be used for a constructive communication or relationship with the parties. The mediators’ conduct is monitored by a public mediation system and the type of the mediation public system used depends on the field in which the mediator caries out his/her activity. The public system includes a supervision committee monitoring the mediation activity. In other words, the criteria applied during the training of mediators have been designed to instil the ethics and principles laid down in the European Code of Conduct for Mediators. Portugal has adopted public actions for increasing the number of cases using the public mediation systems in certain areas of the law, i.e. cases of family, work, criminal, civil and commercial matters. The mediation of the family, work and criminal matters hold their own structures with mediators who are specialized in these fields. The civil and commercial mediation takes place as a part of a judicial process at the Peace Courts (Julgados de Paz). 28
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Mediators’ training. Portugal has no national body for training mediators and their training is provided by private bodies accredited by the Justice Department. The accreditation requires a certain number of hours of study, certain teaching procedures and a specific curriculum of the program. The mediation trainers in the private bodies, who are candidates for becoming part of the GRAL listings, have to fulfil the training criteria. The training program guarantees that they have the capacity and professional credibility to settle disputes in family, work, criminal and civil matters through mediation.
Spain In Spain there is no mediation law yet, although the Ministry of Justice is now working on transposing Directive 2008/52/EC on mediation. However the Spanish legal system provides that for certain cases of disputes related to the labour law that the mediation process is mandatory prior to going to court. For this purpose Spain has mediation bodies specialized in labour-related disputes. At national level the Interconfederal Mediation and Arbitration Service (el Servicio Interconfederal de MediaciĂłn y Arbitraje SIMA) provides free of charge mediation services for settlement of disputes outside the court competence. 29
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In the field of civil and family disputes the mediation process is not being expressly regulated by the civil legislation although the parties may always resort to mediation and ask for a suspension of the trial. The services provided for family mediation significantly differ from one Autonomous Community to another and they may even vary within the same Community. In certain Autonomous Communities, the Community itself is the one providing this service (such as Catalonia) while in others the family mediation services are provided by the city halls. The General Council of the Judicial Power supports and supervises the mediation initiatives taking place in various Spanish courts with the support from the Autonomous Communities, the universities, the city halls and associations. The mediation of criminal conflicts is meant to provide the law breaker’s reintegration into the society and the victim’s compensation. Regarding the minors’ justice (with ages between 14 and 18 years), the mediation process is expressly defined as a means to reeducate the minor. In this context, the mediation is provided by teams supporting the Public Prosecutor's Department for Minors (Fiscalía de Menores). Regarding the adults’ justice, the mediation process is not being regulated, although in practice the mediation activities are 30
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based in certain provinces on criminal regulations and procedures allowing the conformity and reduction of punishment by remedial of the prejudice caused. Mediators’ training. In general, the mediator has to be a graduate from higher education institutions or at least from secondary schools and to have attended also mediation training programs including hands-on activity of more than 100 hours. The mediation training program is usually provided by universities and professional associations such as those for psychologists or lawyers.
As far as Italy is concerned (which is the 8th European country referred to in these Guidelines where the mediator profession is being regulated) a separate analysis shall be done in Chapter II.
II. Validation / certification procedures for competences applied by the competent authorities in the countries where the mediator profession is being regulated Italy and Romania are the only EU countries where the mediator profession is being regulated21. Since 2010 Italy has succeeded in harmonizing its national legislation with the European Commission legislation, Directive 2008/52/EC of the European 21
http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm?action= profession&id_profession=12259
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Parliament and of the Council of May 21st, 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, published in the EU Official Journal no. L136/3 of May 24th, 2008. Although the mediation concept has been applied in Italy for a long time (in the family, civil, commercial, social matters, etc.), the Italian lawyers have been divided into 2 groups: the pro-mediation group and the counter-mediation group. After the European Commission published the EC Directive 2008/52, the mediation process has been promoted for its multiple advantages and the professionals in the Italian legal system have been organized into mediation associations (Alternative Dispute Resolution) - ADR. Similar to the current situation in Romania, in Italy the Decree no. 28 of March 4th, 2010 requires the attorneys to provide their clients with advice – where applicable – in order to settle their disputes through mediation. This mandatory counselling increases the help received by the clients from their attorneys during the promotion of the quick settlement of disputes. 2.1 Mediation legislative framework in Italy In Italy, the mediation process has recently been given priority but has been used for approximately 15 years with legislative roots
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starting with 1931 [2]. Chronologically speaking, the legislative bases are the following22: 1931 – the “Public Safety Act” for the mediation processes used by the public safety officers; 1940 – the “Civil Procedure Code” for the mediation process used as a final-procedural procedure before the judges; the 60’ – mandatory requirements for mediation of workrelated disputes; 1992 – “Law no. 580” on the ability of Chambers of Commerce in Italy to establish arbitration chambers; 2003 – “Legislative Decree no. 5” for mediation in corporate, financial and intermediation matters; 2004 – “Law no. 129”, franchise regulation rules; 2005 - “Legislative Decree no. 206”, the so-called “Consumer Code”; 2006 – “Law no. 54”, the provisions on separation from parents and children in custody; 2006 - “Law no. 55”, amendments to the Civil Code in relation to the “family pacts”;
22
http://www.mediate.com//articles/BruniA2.cfm
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2007- “Legislative Decree no. 179”, cu privire la instituirea unui arbitraj si Mediere Camera that is part of the “Italian Companies and Stock Exchange Commission (CONSOB)”; 2009 - “Law no. 69”, mediation recognized in each civil and commercial dispute following the harmonization of the national legislation with the European legislation; 2010: “Legislative Decree n. 28”, regarding mediation in civil and commercial disputes; 2011- “Decree no. 180 issued by the Ministry of Justice”, providing explanations for the interpretation of Decree no. 28/2010; 2011 - “Legislative Decree n. 145” on the integration of the rules laid down in the Legislative Decree no. 28/2010; 2011 - “Law no. 148”, Article 35 – the integration of the rules laid down in the Legislative Decree no. 28/2010. Prior to the final Italian law, the Legislative Decree no. 28 of March 4th, 2010, the mediation process used to be called “reconciliation”, and the mediation term used to have more relevant meanings, applicable only to brokerage and family legislation matters. However, with the new law, the word “mediation” refers mainly to the civil and commercial cases according to the official Italian wording of the EU Directive 2008/52. At the moment the mediation process is applied to civil, commercial, corporate, 34
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financial,
banking
or
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However,
the
word
“conciliation” is still applied to the justice work or disputes related to the consumer protection matters. The mediation activity in Italy is considered by the law as “voluntary” for all disputes but for the case to be admitted to court it is “mandatory” for certain disputes regarding: condominium, real property, division, hereditary succession, family agreements, leasing, loan, lease of companies, damages arising from medical liability, defamation through media or other means of advertising, prejudices caused by vehicles and boats, insurance rights, banking disputes and financial agreements. The parties involved in such matters have to try first to find a solution through mediation before taking their cases to the Italian courts. If a party goes directly to court, the judge has the right to reject the case and to refer it to undergo mediation. The mediation process has to be coordinated by one of the ADR providers who are accredited by the Italian Ministry of Justice. The mediation process may usually last up to 4 months and after the expiration of this term it is deemed as ended. 2.2 Mediators’ training in Italy. According to the Italian legislation, the ADR bodies have to registered, to present their 35
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training programs to the Italian Ministry of Justice and also to implement – at organizational level – a quality management system for the training courses they provide. Only the ADR bodies recorded in the Ministry of Justice Register may act as training service providers (through their accredited mediators) in civil and commercial matters and in other disputes regulated by the current legislation. The mediator profession is deemed as being regulated and the mediators are monitored by the ADR providers they are affiliated to and indirectly by the Ministry of Justice. According to the law, the minimum standard for the training of mediators in civil and commercial matters is to take a course23 of at least 50 hours. After the initial training, every 2 years the mediators have to attend a continuous training course in the mediation field, which has to last at least 18 hours. The courses have to be organized by the ADR providers who are accredited by the Italian Ministry of Justice. On the mediation trainers’ educational market there are various authorized courses with different durations, such as the 54hour course organized by the Surgeons’ Society or the 120-hour course organized in family matters.
23
Corso dii alta formaziione per mediiatore professiioniista, Esperto nella gestione e risoluzione delle controversie civili e commerciali, accrediitato dal MIINIISTERO DELLA GIIUSTIIZIIA
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The competent authority for the recognition of the mediator profession is the Italian Ministry of Justice, which holds a register for the recording of mediation trainers24. In order to practice the mediator profession in Italy, the recognition is automatically done based on the professional experience according to Annex IV in Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 7th, 2005 on the professional qualification recognition.
III. Recognition processes for qualifications achieved in other EU Member States
3.1 Mediator profession recognition procedure The mediator profession recognition achieved in other EU Member States is done in Romania by the Mediation Council and the mediator profession is part of the regulated profession category asking the applicant to have at least three years of higher education25. At the Mediation Council, the recognition of the mediator profession is done in two phases by following a procedure taking into account 24
http://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_10_1.wp;jsessionid=B4223E1F98 3D1766804999D8BAB21D5E.ajpAL01 25 http://cnred.edu.ro/#Profesii-reglementate
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that the EU citizens have to fulfil the same conditions as the Romanian citizens. Stage I.
The national submits the documents for his/her
qualification for the mediator profession, which he/she obtained in his/her country of origin or any other EU state and their recognition. Submitted documents: an application for the confirmation that the conditions laid down in Article 7, letters a-f in Law no. 192/2006 are met – a standard form accompanied by the following: - birth certificate, ID Card or passport – translated and legalized by a Notary Public; - certificate of criminal record issued by the authorities in the country of provenance – translated and legalized; - statement given by the national before a Notary Public saying that he/she has no criminal history – the statement may be given before a Notary Public Office in Romania; - certificate of competence issued by the European trainer that has to comply with the national legislation in force in that state – translated and legalized; - certificate for recognition of mediation training program (issued by the institutions having organized the training courses) – translated and legalized; - medical certificate – translated and legalized; 38
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- higher education degree for at least three years – translated and legalized; The case is deemed as having been settled when the Mediation Council issues a Resolution based on Article 8, paragraph 2 in the Law no. 192/2006 on the mediation activity and the organization of the mediator profession. Stage II. The approval of the form for permanent practicing of the mediator profession in Romania. In order to have the right to practice his/her profession, the national has to be registered in the Table of Mediators and for this purpose he/she shall submit the same documents as those submitted by a Romanian citizen, i.e.: - approval application – standard form - proof of having paid the registration fee – amounting RON 880 at the moment - statement on the registration of his/her personal data in the Table of Mediators – standard form - document confirming the establishment of his/her Mediation office - loan for use contract for the office premises
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If the submitted file is approved and the Mediation Council issues a Resolution, the national shall receive a certificate substituting the free practice authorization in Romania.
3.2 Application to SOLVIT SOLVIT is a problem solving network within which the EU Member States and other three countries (Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway) cooperate without using legal procedures in order to solve the problems arising due to the inappropriate application by the public authorities of the legislation regarding the internal market. SOLVIT deals with the cross-border problems between an enterprise or a citizen (on one hand) and a public authority (on the other hand) where there is the possibility that the community legislation was incorrectly applied. The fields where the problems are very frequent and where there are complaints to be treated via SOLVIT are as follows: •
the professional recognition of qualifications and diplomas / degrees;
•
the access to education;
•
residency permits;
•
the rights to vote;
•
the social security; 40
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•
the rights to occupy a position;
•
the driver’s licenses;
•
the registration of motor vehicles;
•
the border control;
•
the access of products to the market;
•
the access of services to the market;
•
settling down as an independent;
•
public procurements;
•
taxation;
the free movement of capitals and payments; In each of the EU Member States and the three countries
mentioned above there is a SOLVIT centre providing these services free of charge. The contact details for the SOLVIT centre in Romania are: Guvernul Romaniei, Departamentul pentru Afaceri Europene, Bvd. Aviatorilor nr. 50A, Sector 1, Bucuresti 011854, Romania, Tel.: +4021.308.53.60, Fax: +4021.318.55.24, E-mail: solvit@dae.gov.ro. The diagram26 for the resolution of the applications filed by the nationals coming to Romania, who believe they have been
26
Romulus BENA, Prezentarea SOLVIT la Conferinta de promovare a Sistemului IMI PQ NET Romania, September 20 th, 2012 Neptun.
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wronged by the incorrect application of the internal market legislation, is provided in Figure 1. Any complaint sent via SOLVIT is solved by following four stages: Stage 1 – the acceptance of the case based on the verification of the action legality and if the documents included in the application by the centre of origin are not sufficient, additional documents are requested;
Fig. 1 Complaint resolution via SOLVIT Stage 2 – the receipt of the solution: the competent authority involved in the filed case is contacted and cooperates so that the proper solution is found pursuant to the European legislation;
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Stage 3 – the proposal of the solution (implemented or not), which has to be real, practical and consistent with the European legislation; Stage 4 – the monitoring of the solution if it was not implemented when making the proposal. A case is deemed as having been solved only when the solution is implemented and solves the applicant’s problem. For the Romanian citizens who want to use SOLVIT in an EU Member State, the contact details regarding the national points and the contact persons may be found on the European Commission webpage27. The EU Member States have to intensify their efforts in order to make sure that the individuals and companies can effectively make use of their rights related to the unique market, guaranteeing an effective application and the execution of the legislation regarding the unique market by the national courts by providing high-quality egoverning information, instruments and procedures, as well as by making investments into mechanisms designed for quick solving of problems. The SOLVIT potential is still insufficiently exploited as a key instrument for solving problems at national / European level, partly 27
http://ec.europa.eu/solvit/site/centres/addresses/index.htm#Romania
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because of the insufficient number of employees working for the various SOLVIT centres and at the same extent due to the insufficient information of the European citizens on the competences of these centres. However the SOLVIT Centres undertake to provide first class services and have agreed to comply with certain performance and quality standards in solving problems, such as: - the SOLVIT Centre can be contacted by telephone, fax or email and they provide a concise answer; -
the problem is solved within maximum ten weeks
-
they send automatic electronic messages whenever there is a
progress -
they provide information on the procedure to be followed for
the person to benefit from the proposed solution. If the case cannot be solved by the network, the SOLVIT local center shall try to find another way to solve the claim.
IV. Practicing the mediator profession in the European Union Most of the organizations providing mediation services ask the mediators working under their supervision to comply with the EC 44
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Code of Conduct – the European Code of Conduct for Mediators28 (ECCM). Therefore, all the organizations carrying out mediation activities provide the parties with information on the training, assessment and monitoring of their activity and the actions they take so that they make sure that each and every mediator complies with the Code. In the meaning of the ECCM, mediation means any structured process, irrespective of its name or how it is referred to, in which two or more parties in a dispute try themselves and out of their initiative to reach an agreement for settling the dispute between them, with the support provided by a third party – hereinafter referred to as the “mediator”. The acceptance of a code of conduct implemented by a mediation organization does not prejudice the internal legislation or the rules regulating certain professions. The most important topics that should be monitored according to ECCM are the following: 4.1. Mediators’ competence, appointment and fees, the promotion of their services Competence. The mediators have to be competent and to be very familiar with the mediation process. They have to have proper training and to constantly improve their theoretical and practical
28
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knowledge taking into account the relevant accreditation standards or systems. Appointment. Prior to accepting the appointment, the mediators have to verify whether or not they have the qualification and competences they need for mediating a certain case. Upon the parties’ request, they have to provide the parties with information on their qualification and experience. Fees. Unless already established, the mediators should always provide the parties with full information on the way they want to be compensated. They should not accept to become part in a mediation process unless all the parties involved have agreed upon the ways used for the determination of their remuneration. Promotion of mediators’ services. The mediators may promote their activity provided that they do this in a professional, fair and dignified way. 4.2. Mediators’ independence and impartiality Independence. If there are circumstances that might affect the mediator’s independence, give rise to a conflict of interests or be perceived as such, the mediator has to disclose such circumstances to the parties before doing or continuing in doing anything, as applicable. Such circumstances include: - any personal or business relationship to one of the parties; 46
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- any financial or other kind of interest directly or indirectly linked to the result of the mediation process; - the fact that the mediator or any person in his/her company has acted in any other position for one or more of the parties. In such cases the mediator cannot accept any action or – as applicable – cannot continue doing any action unless he/she is sure that he/she is capable to providing mediation services that are fully independent so that the impartiality is completely guaranteed and only if the parties involved in the mediation process give their express consent thereof. Impartiality. The mediators have to always act impartially. Moreover, they have to commit themselves in serving all parties in a fair manner throughout the mediation process. 4.3. Mediation process and settlement Procedure. The mediator has to make sure that the parties involved in the mediation process properly understand its characteristics and the roles the mediator and each party in the process play. In particular, the mediator has to make sure that before the mediation process starts, the parties expressly understand and accept the terms and conditions of the mediation agreement, including all the provisions applicable to the confidentiality obligations the mediator and the parties have. Upon the parties’ 47
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request, the mediation agreement may be written. The mediator has to make sure that the proceedings are properly performed while taking into account the circumstances of the case, including the potential imbalances between their power and any desire expressed by the parties, the rule of law as well as the need to rapidly settle the dispute. The parties may agree together with the mediator on the way the mediation process should advance by using a set of rules or any other method. Fairness of the procedure. The mediator has to make sure that the parties involved benefit from the right opportunities for them to attend the mediation process. Therefore, the mediator has to inform the parties and may suspend the mediation process when: - the solution found seems impossible to be executed or illegal; - he/she believes that a solution is not likely to be found if the mediation process continues. Procedure completion. The mediator has to take all the necessary actions in order to make sure that whatever the concluded agreement is, the parties consent to it being fully aware of its provisions and fully understanding its terms. 4.4 Mediator’s confidentiality
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The mediator has to keep the confidentiality of the information resulting from the mediation process or related to it, including the fact that the mediation would take place or has already taken place, unless there is an obligation that has a legal feature or is justified by public order reasons for disclosing such information. No information disclosed to the mediator by any of the parties as being confidential should be communicated to the other parties without permission, unless there is a legal obligation for its disclosure.
Conclusions The high rate of disputes both between the citizens and between the organizations, which go to court, make the mediator profession becoming a necessity at EU level, so that a large portion of the cases already brought to court is transferred to the mediation offices, leading to the deflating of the cases pending settlement in courts. For this purpose Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 21st, 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, published in the EU Official Journal no. L136/3 of May 24th, 2008 provides a community acquis in the mediation field and tries to implement a set of rules in the national legislations, rules that are considered to be fundamental for the success and quality of the mediation process. Therefore, the following
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aspects are to be harmonized in each Member State through Directive 2008/52/EC: the mediators’ training and improvement so that they can
provide quality mediation services satisfying the parties involved in a dispute and create a trustworthy social climate during the mediation processes; to give the judges the opportunity to present the parties
involved with an invitation so that they can use the mediation option if it is regarded as fit for the circumstances applicable to the case pending settlement in court; the completion of the mediated disputes by following up the
contract signed during the mediation process, which can even become biding if both parties request this; the mediation confidentiality to be guaranteed and protected –
the Directive states that the mediator cannot be forced to submit evidence in court on things to be covered during a future dispute between the parties involved in that mediation process; the assurance that, even if the parties make use of the
mediation option – they do not lose their right to go to court if any of them is not satisfied with the final result of the mediation process. Although the mediator profession is being regulated only in two European countries, Romania and Italy, most of the Member 50
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States have their own rules providing for both the mediators’ training and for the mediation process; in some cases the mediation is mandatory, like it is in Spain, for conflicts in the labour field or in Italy for disputes regarding: condominium, real property, division, hereditary succession, family agreements, leasing, loan, lease of companies, damages arising from medical liability, defamation through media or other means of advertising, prejudices caused by vehicles and boats, insurance rights, banking disputes and financial agreements. In each state the mediator profession recognition is done if the nationals comply with the conditions that have to be fulfilled by its own citizens by applying the principles of transparency, nondiscrimination, objectiveness and proportionality. In Romania and Italy the profession has been regulated, there are competent authorities, the Mediation Council and the Italian Ministry of Justice respectively. Moreover, the national legislations have been harmonized with the European legislation. In Romania the recognition is done through the application of the general system, i.e. by analyzing each application and the application of compensatory actions. In Italy, the mediator profession recognition is done automatically based on the professional experience and pursuant to 51
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Annex IV in Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 7th, 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications. Most of the European countries have their own rules for people to have access to the mediator profession and codes of conduct that are consistent with the framework document called the European Code of Conduct for Mediators (ECCM).
Bibliographic Sources
1. Bruni A., Mediation in Italy, part. 1, 2, December 2011; 2. Dumitriu I., L29.5, Structura standard si metodologia de elaborare a ghidurilor de certificare si recunoastere pe profesii, 2013
3. Ionescu N., Materialul suport cu propunerea de termeni de referinţă standard orientativi pentru procedurile de validare şi certificare a competenţelor şi procesele de recunoaştere a calificărilor, 2013
4. Mediation Country Report Italy, by ADR Center; 5. Jürgen T.,Thomas W., EU law on the recognition of professional qualifications 1 Presentation by, PPF-EPC Roundtable “Mobility of the Skilled Workforce“ on 29-30 September 2009, Brussels;
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The European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013
Structural Instruments 2007 2013
6. European Code of Conduct for Mediators, European Commission, July 4th, 2004;
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THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU
The European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013
Structural Instruments 2007 2013
List of acronyms used IMI - Internal Market Information System; IMI PQ NET Romania – the project called “Creation and consolidation of the IMI network for the Professional Qualifications in Romania"; MS – European Union Member States; EU – European Union; COSA – Council for Occupational Standards and Assessment; RNEODM – National Register of Organizations in Mediation; CMC – Civil Mediation Council in Great Britain; FMC – Family Mediation Council in Great Britain; NMI – Netherlands Mediation Institute; GRAL – Office for Alternative Dispute Resolution in Portugal; ECCM – European Code of Conduct for Mediators; ADR – Mediation Organizations (Alternative Dispute Resolution); SIMA - Interconfederal Mediation and Arbitration Service in Spain; SOLVIT - The network financed by the European Commission for supporting the citizens and enterprises if there is a dispute between them and an official body in any of the EU Member States.
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THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU
The European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013
Structural Instruments 2007 2013
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THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU
The European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013
Structural Instruments 2007 2013
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THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU
The European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013
Structural Instruments 2007 2013
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THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ELDERLY AMPOSDRU
The European Social Fund POS DRU 2007-2013
Structural Instruments 2007 2013
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