FINAL STUDIO AIR JOURNAL_566065 by Chooi Si chok

STUDIO AIR | JOURNAL CHOOI SI CHOK 566065 | BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTS 2012

content PART I 01 CASE FOR INNOVATION :

ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOURSE : WIND VEIL by NED KAHN ‘TIGER AND TURTLE – MAGIC MOUNTAIN’ by MUTTER and GENTH PAST PROJECT : DIALOGUE BETWEEN WHAT WAS, AND WHAT IS TO COME

02 CASE FOR INNOVATION :

COMPUTATION IN ARCHITECTURE : SPENCER DOCK BRIDGE by AMANDA LEVETE ARCHITECTS COMPUTATION IN ARCHITECTURE : RESEARCH PAVILLION by ICD AND ITKE

03 CASE FOR INNOVATION :

PART II

PARAMETRIC DESIGN : ANDRE DE GOUVEIA RESIDENCE PARAMETRIC DESIGN : DIGITAL TEA HOUSE CASE STUDIES

09 PROJECT PROPOSAL :

04 EOI: RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP

PARAMETRIC PERFORATION DESIGN METHOD : CASE BASED DESIGN

05 EOI: RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP

REVERSE ENGINEERING

06 EOI: RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP

PHYSICAL MODEL : PROTOTYPE 1

07 EOI: RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP

SITE PLAN : MERGING INTO THE LANDSCAPE PHYSICAL MODEL

PHYSICAL MODEL : PROTOTYPE 2

08 EOI: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT : CONCEPT | VISION MASSING MODEL | PERSPECTIVE STUDIES PERFORATION STUDIES | LAYERING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS CONSTRUCTION DETAILING 10 PROJECT PROPOSAL :

11 PRESENTATION PANELS

SENSE OF PLACE IN A CONTEMPORARY WORLD

EOI: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES A WIDER VIEW IN ARCHITECTURE

PART III 12 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: INDIVIDUAL PROGRESS OVERALL LEARNING EXPERIENCE FUTURE LEARNING AND APPLICATION

part I

01 EOI : CASE FOR INNOVATION :

The wind veil project comprise of 80,000 small aluminium panels that are hinged to move freely in the wind. The interactive facade veils a 6-storey tall parking garage in Charlotte, North Carolina through ripples of metallic waves which produce intricate patterns of light and shadow in the interior walls and floors as sunlight passes through this kinetic membrane.

MATERIALITY AND PERCEPTION

The design exploration of transforming materiality of aluminium into a seemingly transparent, organic and lightweight material advances the visual culture of architecture as an expression of art, symbol and space. Digital architecture used in this project completely transforms public conception of space through a heightened visual interaction. A deep meaning lies in its conversation with the surrounding context of wind generated by both the train and natural forces and also with the individual viewers. A unification of arts and science chorreographs into a social landmark that enables the public to experience it even from afar. Kahn’s work is incredibly legible and provides insight into the contemporary society, acting as a tool of communication which sparks and unite the interest within different social layers. This state of the art project is succcesful in reflecting architecture’s social and political impact and responsibility, an approach which can bring Wyndham’s vision of advancing its society in a manner of unity through the use of architecture as a communicative link between different individuals.

01 EOI : CASE FOR INNOVATION :

TRANSREGIONAL LANDMARK

Tiger and Turtle functions as a public art which reflects the situation of change in the region and its turn towards renaturation and restructuring. It challenges and defies logic in its spatial experience, acting as a potential transregional landmark that unites different social groups through an alternate interaction with the familiar portrayal of a roller coaster, inviting an open interpretation of the underlying message. The piece of architecture celebrated as art also conveys the advancement in construction technology and a collaboration between various disciplines of engineering, landscape architects and parametric stairs planner. Its trademark feature of continuous stairs harbours a never before accomplished challenge. As a result of its advanced engineering and an artistic fresh perspective in representing the social and political context within the site, the Tiger and Turtle succesfully transforms into a transregional landmark which invites the interest of the local and international communities. An approach of representing the local context of Wyndham through firstly, a communicative piece of architecture as art and secondly, a statement in technological advancement can combine to form an architectural gateway which is distinctive to the Wyndham community, generating international interest.

01 EOI : CASE FOR INNOVATION :

PHOTOGRAPHER CENTER

A proposed photographer center was to be positioned along Gopeng road which cuts through two rows of dilapidated colonial shophouses within the heart of Kepayang village in Perak, Malaysia. Initially, the local government seeks to demolish the two rows of heritage shophouses and redevelop the area into a commercial zone but this was put on hold due to media attention. The local community seeks to preserve the two remaining rows of shophouses. The aim of designing the photographer center is to preserve the heritage value of the site and attract tourism to revive the former glory of Kepayang village.

CONCEPT

The concept; embracing the past, paving the future aims to link the historical shophouse to a new extension. An interaction between these two blocks form a dialogue of regionalism through the abstraction of scale, roof pitch, natural lighting, natural ventilation and space planning from its contextual buildings. It embraces the role of architecture as a bridge between the past, present and the future, reviving the historical site of its former glory and catapulting the site into relevance with the contemporary society. The use of frosted glass and aluminium frames as an outer facade skin blends the use of contemporary materials with the contrasting texture of old bricks and aging timber revealed underneath it. The conversation between materiality and massing links the original shophouse to a new extension. The design approach abstracts rich regional characteristics which visually represents a community, undergoing a reinterpretation into a contemporary sense through the use of digital architecture. Building upon layers of significant history but at the same time, relating it to the contemporary context enriches a sense of place, an approach which is in line with Wyndhamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision of inspiring and enriching the municipality

DIALOGUE BETWEEN WHAT WAS. AND WHAT IS TO BE. ALLEYWAY

The alleyway acts as the main axis of circulation, connecting all parts of the photographer center. This idea is inspired from the use of alley way spaces in colonial shop houses within the site context.

EXTENSION

A new extension is added to the existing shophouse. The extension utilises the same scale of a long and narrow interior space, to unite the interior of the extension with that of the shop house. Towards the end of the extension, the experimental theatre space is rotated to symbolise a breakaway movement towards the future.

DIALOGUE

Two volumes enclose the original structures within in a contemporary artistic sense. The volumes create a harmonious dialogue through lines which adopts the roof pitches of the shop houses. Vibrant lines derived from the angle of the roof pitches form the skeletal frames of the two volumes. Frosted glass form the transparent volumes, framing the structure underneath.

02 EOI : CASE FOR INNOVATION :

INTEGRATION :CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN The Spencer Dock Bridge by Amanda Levete Architects is a public landmark noted for contribution of innovation in construction. In 2009, the architectural marvel was awarded the Best Structural Design prize at a Leaf (Leading European Architects Forum). Computational design enabled structural accuracy, time-efficiency and costefficiency by deriving all formwork directly from 3D parametric models. Innovative use of CNC cut polystrene also enabled accurate construction of the form. An integration of engineering and construction disciplines in the early design stage also reduced the risk of structural failure. It also monitored fabrication methods and cost to ensure a succesfsul outcome.

02 EOI : CASE FOR INNOVATION :

CUSTOMISED MODULARISATION

The research pavillion was designed using computer bionic principles to produce modular panels which consist of three plate edges. The panels always meet together at just one point, a principle which enables the transmission of normal and shear forces but no bending moments between the joints, thus resulting in a bending bearing but yet deformable structure. Computational principles of joints allowed easy fabrication using robotic manufacturing, forming individual panels that can be assembled easily on site. A similar approach of customized massproduction of modular units can be achieved through parametric software and fabrication, allowing lower cost, ease in logistics and fast assembly within site. This approach is useful in the construction of Wyndham gateway project, where site conditions are hard to access.

03 EOI : CASE FOR INNOVATION :

ANDRE DE GOUVEIA RESIDENCE

Paris, France ; Vincent Parreira of AAVP Architecture, and Antonio Virga Architecte The Andre de Gouveia Residence (1967) serve as an accomodation for Portugese students and researches to complement the work of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation’s support of education through scholarships. The residence was renovated and restored in 2007, boasting a unique facade which comprises of perforated aluminium panels reminiscent of calcada patterns , a traditional Portugese paving pattern which invokes the richness in ornament and texture of the ancient Portugese palaces and residences.

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

The use of parametric design in the Andre de Gouveia residence contained a social purpose of creating a sense of place according to contemporary context. The abstraction of familiar concepts within the Portugese culture was done in a sophisicated manner, taking into consideration its relevance to contemporary context through the exploration and discovery of materiality and productivity in construction and mass production. The parametric designed facade therefore clearly reflects the architect’s intention of scripting for productivity and a voyage of discovery. The residence is a clear example of the potential of parametric design as a powerful tool; and its contribution to society.

SCRIPTING AND SOCIETY : ABSTRACTION OF CULTURE

The architect’s intent in representing a sense of place according to the modern context resulted in their abstraction of concepts from cultural elements of the Portugese society. The concept of positive and negative combined with the interlocking, infinity repetition of cascada geometry were abstracted and reinterpreted into parametric principles. The gilded aluminium screens further dissect this concept by breaking down the patterns into repetitive perforation units of two sizes, combining through a positive and negative arrangement to form patterns as a whole. .

VISUAL EFFECTS Light and shadow.

Reflection and filtration of light. Warped movement

VISUAL EFFECTS / POSSIBILITIES / ENGAGING. WYNDHAMâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DIRECTION.

The solid materiality of the aluminium is manipulated to produce a translucent wallpaper effect which allows light to filter through the perforated screens. The repetitive perforation adopt a series of combination between positive and negative openings to induce the play of light and shadow, controlling the amount of light which filters through. A duo-tone effect is also achieved, despite the aluminium panel being monotone. As one visually engages the panel while moving, moire optical illusions form, giving a sense of warping movement. Overall, this contemporary reinterpretation behind the concept of calcada tiling produces explorative visual effects which evoke reminiscence of patterns directly relating to the Portugese residents. The sophisication of the facade is a statement of the possibilities in parametric architecture which adopts a socially responsive and innovative scripting culture. This potential in parametric architecture can further strengthen Wyndhamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision of representing the community while moving forward.

03 EOI : CASE FOR INNOVATION :

“ARCHITECTURE’S MATERIALITY IS THEREFORE A COMPOSITE ONE, MADE UP OF VISIBLE AS WELL AS INVISIBLE FORCES” (MOUSSAVI, 2008)

In conjunction with University of Tokyo and Columbia University GSAPP, a joint workshop named Digital Tea House was conducted with the aim of designing and building three pavilions for hosting tea ceremony. The design intent seeked to represent society through parametric architecture, linking the bridge between architecture, tradition and culture. Through contemporary decoding of traditional elements and reinterpretation using parametric design, the pavilions materialized the elements of Japanese art and architecture. A traditional tea house was first analysed in terms of function and spacial qualities. Physical and non-physical elements were then reinterpreted such as the path of natural light which streams into the interior, the controlled imperfection in the form of spinning pottery, the composition of tatami mats and the openings within walls to induce certain views. In this study, parametric architecture seeked inspiration from existing forms and qualities which form the daily life of the people, producing an architectural piece which grew out of a community rather than being imposed. The contemporary reinterpretation however, if conducted with sophisication,is able to bring a society rich in heritage into the future, by creating new architecture that moves the people forward. This potential in parametric architecture can represent Wyndham’s spirit of community and communicate a message of moving into the future.

PAVILION “NAMI-NO-MA”

Reinterpretation of views from a teahouse and the controlled imperfection of tea bowl’s surface, inspired the irregular layers of plywood facade within the pavillion Parametric software allowed the rationalization of these plywood structures, creating a series of groove pattern densities which allow different degree of bending.Cartesian points derived from the parametric model were then linked to the CNC router for cutting, easing fabrication.

PAVILION “130008252010”

Inspired by the controlled imperfection of tea leaves and the light in Japanese teahouse architecture, the pavillion was designed for the precise moment of 13:00 on Aug. 25, 2010, when the teaceremony took place. Specific lighting is incoporated in the interior space, having fragmented shadows and lighting to align with the cut-out straw mat pattern. The play of light and shadow produces ever-changing ornamentation but also indicates where host and guests may sit. Precise mathematical calculations achieved a perfect geometry in response to light at that particular location. Again, the use of CNC routing and modularisation allowed faster and cheaper fabrication.

04 EOI: RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP

BOOLEAN PATTERNING +IMAGE SAMPLER + ROTATION BOOLEAN : TRUE,FALSE,TRUE

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + POINT ATTRACTOR + ROTATION

BOOLEAN : FALSE,TRUE,FALSE. INCREASE IN PORE SIZE

ROTATION

POINT ATTRACTOR AT BOTTOM

BOOLEAN : FALSE,FALSE,TRUE

ROTATION

BOOLEAN : TRUE,TRUE,TRUE

BOOLEAN :TRUE,FALSE,TRUE

RECTANGULAR OUTPUT

EXPLICIT GRIDS : HEXAGON + BOOLEAN PATTERNING

IMAGE SAMPLER + SETS

IMAGE SAMPLER, NUMBER OF TYPES : 2

IMAGE SAMPLER, NUMBER OF TYPES : 3

RECTANGLE RADIUS 0

DOMAIN RADIUS 0.0-10.00_HEXGRID RADIUS 3.04

NO IMAGE SAMPLER, NUMBER OF TYPES : 3

EXPLICIT GRIDS +CURVE ATTRACTOR DOMAIN RADIUS 0.41-5.08

Precedent based design was generated in reference to the Andre de Gouveia residence (see E03- Case fo Innovation). It was observed that the parametric perforation altered the perception of a surface. The matrix generated aimed to capture the different effects of perception that can be achieved within a surface, altering its materiality . Visually attractive effects that challenges the normal perception of a surface holds the potential in providing an element of surprise in the gateway design. Use of modilar panels were also considered in this exploration, through a single controlled surface. Composition of positive and negative perforations, size and density were then manipulated to explore different perceptions.

BOOLEAN PATTERNING +MULTIPLE MATH

(SIN x COSY)(Z)

(SINY x COSZ)(X)

BOOLEAN : FALSE,FALSE,FALSE

EXPLICIT GRIDS +POINT ATTRACTOR +ROTATION

ROTATION OFFSET 2.00

ROTATION OFFSET 7.33

ROTATION OFFSET 14.00

CURVE INTERSECTION +MATH FUNCTION +ROTATION

SIN (X)Y TO SIN(Y)X

SIN (Y)X TO SIN(X) Y

DOMAIN RANGE INCREASED (0-10), INCREASED ROTATION OFFSET

OVERLAPPING PATTERN +MATH FUNCTION LAYER 1 : SIN(X)Y, LAYER 2 : SIN(X)Y

PERFORATION ALONG SURFACE NORMAL

LAYER 1 : SIN(X)Y, LAYER 2 : SIN(Y\X

ROTATION IN Z DIRECTION, 30 ROW X 30 COLUMN

LAYER 1 : BOOLEAN : FALSE,TRUE, LAYER 2 : TRUE, FALSE

20 ROW X 50 COLUMN

SURFACE NORMAL +BOOLEAN PATTERNING + ROTATION

05 EOI: RESEARCH PROJEC T: CUT: DEVELOP

ANDRE DE GOUVEIA RESIDENCE

The gilded aluminium facade was achieved using parametric perforation of two rectangular sizes. In the case study, aluminium panels of 1.15 x 2.5m dimensions were mechanically stamped with two different sizes of slotted perforations (20 x 4mm and 25 x 7mm). Modularisation of panels and mechanical stamping allowed cost and time saving benefits in the manufacturing stage. Benefits in construction andmaintenance stages, enable panel to be easily fixed and reassembled. The amount of light passing through/reflected will influence the visual perception. A duotone effect achieved. More light reflected = brighter tone Effects of light source against vs behind panel.

Intensity of shadows : duotone

REVERSE ENGINEERING

In an attempt to reproduce the rectangular perforations, parametric modelling techniques were used. The Grasshopper plug-in for Rhino software allowed the control of geometry in relation to parameters within a virtual space. In achieving the final result, a combination a matrix were used : surface grids

boolean patterning

output : rectangle image sampler

Constraints were imposed into the reverse engineering. Firstly, the surface was to match the actual dimensions of the gilded panels (1.15m x 2.5m). Secondly, the rectangular pores were to be limited to two sizes only. The use of a duo tone (black and white) image would result in two respective sizes. Therefore, the case study patterns were retraced in autoCAD and coloured black and white. As a result, a maximum of two pore sizes in the cascada pattern was achieved.

1. Width of perforation in the x direction corresponded to the image and was adjusted using the number slider in image sampler.

2. Width of perforation in y direction was adjusted using the number slider in the rectangle output.

3. Density of pores were increased by using the number sliders in surfacegrids to increase the number of rows and columns.

It was observed that the greater the density of pores on the surface, the clearer the image generated. Greater void spaces also resulted in a lighter, delicate surface.

06 EOI: RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP The reverse case engineering was fabricated into a 300mm x 600mm panel made out of box board. Parametric perforations produced an expected positive result. Certain modifications are to be made for the consequent model to incorporate factors of logistics, installation and mass production by breaking down the large panel into small modules and designing a frame and joint construction system.

DAY LIGHT

The first prototype model was tested under two different lighting conditions; natural daylight and artificial lighting during the night. In daylight, it is observed the translucent effect and interesting fragmentation of objects contained within the perforations. An obvious moire effect is also produced as one look through the panel in motion. In artificial light, beautiful effects of shadow and light were achieved. The nearer the lightsource, the more contrasted the shadows. Another interesting effect was the diffraction of shadows produced when two panels were overlaid, one stationary while the other in motion.

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

07 EOI: RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP The panel surface was broken down into modular units that can be assembled easily using the c-frame cladding technique. The prototype model consist of two layers, one which is fixed while the other as a mobile sliding panel, producing interesting moire shadow diffractions. The structure can be constructed off-site and then assembled on-site within a shorter period of time. This addresses the challenging site surrounded by highways. innovative exploration of parametric perforations can be used to create a gateway design which visually symbolises the community of and municipality of Wyndham. Through the use of parametric design, significant visual and/or symbolic elements such as the long coastline and/or spirit of community in Wyndham can be decoded and formed into perforations, creating a gateway that relates to the community. The possibilities of parametric perforations are endless, pushing for more innovative outcomes that can bring artistic and scientific recognition to the gateway of Wyndham.

08 EOI: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Architecture holds a great responsibility to the society, a vision that my team seeks to realize in every new project. Our passion and determination in creating a sense of place sensitive towards the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aspirations are a driving motivation behind our design approaches towards socially responsible architecture. In creating the gateway design for Wyndham, the municipalityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aspiration for a design that is inspiring, enriching and innovative is in line with our vision of creating a sense of place in the contemporary world. Through our innovative approach in parametric architecture, inspirations from within a society can be reinterpreted into a contemporary context. The forming of a new architecture in line with the people of Wyndham will open windows of scientific and artistic knowledge that establishes a shared world view in the line of arts and science, moving this city forward into the future.

08 EOI: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES OBJECTIVES

OUTCOMES

IDENTIFYING ARCHITECTURE DISCOURSE COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURE : ADVANTAGES PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE : ADVANTAGES CRITICAL READING SKILLS : THEORIES AND DEBATES CRITICAL WRITING SKILLS : OPINIONS AND SYNTHESIS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE : GRASSHOPPER AND FABRICATION FORMING ARGUMENTS : EOI

CONTRIBUTING TO A DISCOURSE KNOWLEDGE ON CONTEMPORARY BUILDING INDUSTRY DISCOVERING THE POTENTIAL IN PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE EXPAND KNOWLEDGE ON ARCHITECTURE FORMING A MORE MATURE VIEW IN ARCHITECTURE SKILLS: DESIGNING TOOLS AND ADVANTAGE IN FUTURE CAREER MAKING A PERSONAL STAND IN ARCHITECTURE

REFERENCES Damian Holmes, ‘‘Tiger and Turtle – Magic Mountain’ | Duisburg Germany | Heike Mutter and Ulrich Genth’, in World Lanscape Architecture <http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/tiger-turtle-magic-mountain-duisburg-germany-heike-mutter-ulrich-genth/#. T6KAmauP-5i> [accessed 17th April 2012] David Mather, ‘An Aesthetic of Turbulence: The Works of Ned Kahn’, in Ned Kahn official website <http://nedkahn.com/biography.html> [accessed 17th April 2012] Ned Kahn, ‘Portfolio : Wind : Wind Veil’, in Ned Kahn official website <http://nedkahn.com/wind.html> [accessed 17th April 2012] Richard Williams, ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, in Exploring Visual Culture : Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), pp. 102 - 16 Patrik Schumacher, ‘Introduction : Architecture as Autopoietic System’, in The Autopoiesis of Architecture (Chichester: J. Wiley, 2011), pp. 1 - 28 Patrik Schumacher, ‘5. The Societal Function of Architecture’, in The Autopoiesis of Architecture (Chichester: J. Wiley, 2011), pp. 363-371

Kelly Minner, ‘Spencer Dock Bridge / Amanda Levete Architects’, in Arch Daily <http://www.archdaily.com/96400/spencer-dock-bridge-amanda-levete-architects/> [accessed 1st May 2012] Stylepark AG, ‘Computational Design and Robotic Manufacturing’, in Stylepark <http://www.stylepark.com/en/architecture/computational-design-and-robotic-manufacturing/330016> [accessed 1st May 2012] Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5 - 25

Ben Pell, ‘Andre de Gouveia Residence’, in The Articulate Surface : Ornament and Technology in Contemporary Architecture (Basel, London: Birkhäuser ; Springer distributor, 2010), pp. 68 - 73 Burry, Mark (2011). Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming (Chichester: Wiley), pp. 8 - 71 Kaon K, Salvator-John Liotta, ‘Decoding Culture Parametrically: Digital Tea House Case Studies’, International journal of Architectural Computing, issue 04, volume 09 (2011) 325-338 (pp. 331-334) Patrik Schumacher, ‘5. The Societal Function of Architecture’, in The Autopoiesis of Architecture (Chichester: J. Wiley, 2011), pp. 363-371

part II

09 PROJECT PROPOSAL

concept Wyndham is well known for its long coastlines, reflected in the motto ‘City, Coast, Country.” The gateway aims to capture the identity of its coastlines and at the same time visually communicate an aesthatic innovation which generates external recognition in the field of arts and science. The form of the gateway captures the movement of waves rising from the ocean and crashing into the shorelines through its dynamic surfaces unfolding from the landscape, soaring over the highway only to dissolve into the contour once again. Intricate layering represents the diverse socio-context which makes up Wyndham. The interaction between every perforation to produce a dynamic moire effect reminds the viewer on the sense of community which makes up this place. Through the combination of innovative form and layered perforations, an aesthatic landmark unfolds a sense of place which reaches into the contemporary future.

vision In coalition with Wyndham’s vision to establish the image of the city as a holiday destination, the gateway seeked to represent the city’s trademark of long coastal lines. It aso seeked to establish the spirit of community, appreciation of public art and emphasis on moving forward into the contemporary future. The gateway design aims to be innovative and unique to Wyndham, establishing a landmark that will generate external recognition.

east bound

west bound

east bound

west bound

An idea of a gateway unfolding from the landscape. The gentle contours of the site unveils an elongated massing which unfolds out from the landscape

development 1 : A monumental entrance into Wyndham is conveyed through a wall which unfolds out of the landscape. The dynamic angledlines sweep across long distances to harmonize with the vast, horizontal site. At the same time , a visual contrast opposes the harmonious setting through a bold vertical surface. The east bound view aims to create a massing which is slowly revealed as the driver approaches, having the contour conceal the lowest portion of the massing from afar. A gentle gradient of lines harmoniously rise up from the small hills to create a bold vertical surface as the gateway entrance. The vertical surfaceharmoniously continues the gradient. The west bound view reveals its elongated massing as the driver approaches nearer as well. The folding lines merges into the ground and is continued by the gentle upward slope of the contour.

development 2 : the second massing model experiments with an angular arch structure which envelops the highway , only to decend into the opposing site. A horizontal surface above the road creates an opportunity to immerse the highway in an environment of its own through the play of shadow and light. This creates a more engaging experience with the driver who goes through a journey from the unfolding massing stretching along the highway, building up and leading into the monumental arch. The east bound journey explores the same approach as the first development, having the lowest elongated portion unveiled behind the gentle contours. A more dynamic set of angular lines were used to give a vibrant interpretation of waves rolling in the ocean. The massing plays with perspective views, having a minimal surface visible from afar, only to playfully reveal its elongated surface when the viewer approaches nearer. The west bound journey does not shift in perspective views much, incorporating a still presence where the detail of the massing can be enhanced.

development 1 : manipulation of pore sizes through the use of image sampler and sets component enables ornamental effects and an altered perception in colour tone.

development 2 : effects of layering create intensity and depth in the overlapping portion. Potential to depict movement.

development 3 : precise overlapping of perforations create moire effects of spheres which shift dynamically as the viewer views it from different angles. Point attractors were incorporated to create varying sizes of the moire sphere illusions.

north-east elevation (east bound) scale 1 : 500

south-west elevation (west bound) scale 1 : 500

south-east elevation (east bound) scale 1 : 500

north-west elevation (west bound) scale 1 : 500

plan view | unrolled components scale 1 :

A double layer skin of perforated panels is required to produce the intended moire effect. A skeletal construction system is proposed to support individual perforated panels. The main frame supports subframes through angle brackets. Subframes in turn support the perforated panels through bolting. A control joint is placed between angled surfaces to allow expansion and contraction of panels in different temperatures.

PLAN VIEW SCALE 1 : 10

LEGEND 1. 1200 X 600 MM PERFORATED PANEL 2. 50 X 50 MM STEEL BEAM 3. U-SHAPED STEEL BRACKET 4. STEEL CABLE BRACING 5. 300 X 250 MM STEEL COLUMN

NOTE : U-SHAPE STEEL BRACKET CAN BE ROTATED BEFORE FIXING TO ACCOMMODATE THE DIFFERENCES IN THE ANGLE OF STEEL BEAM FOR PERFORATION FRAMEWORK ELEVATION VIEW SCALE 1 : 20 ELEVATION AND PLAN VIEW SCALE 1 : 5

site plan scale 1 : 2000

10 PROJECT PROPOSAL The gateway occupies site A and site B along the highway. It embraces the natural landscape by anchoring to the lowest contour possible. The gentle contours is cut only at the footing of the gateway rather than flattening the entire landscape. The arch soars 16 meters high over the highway, anchoring across the hilly contour unto the flat landscape in site B. The gateway also takes into account the adjacent petrol station, by positioning its surfaces in such a way that it maintains the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s visibility from the highway. The positioning of the gateway also plays with the perspective views of the structure as the driver drives across the bend. The tip of the elongated structure elegantly unfolds from the lowest point of the hilly contour, continuing its ascending profile. Situated parallel to the highway, the long structure appears short and almost non-visible from one end of the bend, only to surprise the driver by revealing its long, unfolding surfaces as the driver approaches nearer. Along the westbound highway, the gateway appears short from afar, only to unveil its long components when the driver approaches nearer once again. The massing which rises from the landscape, only to dissolve into it once again is reminiscence of the ocean waves of Wyndhamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s long coastal lines. During construction stage, a possible rerouting of the east bound highway can be directed to the west-bound route. As a larger portion of the gateway is situated within site A and site B, this proposed rerouting need only be done during the construction stage of the arch which soars across the highway.

site plan scale 1 : 5000

The unfolded surfaces of the gateway is subdivided into 600mm x 1200 mm perforated panels. These dimensions are chosen to enable easier logistics and better handling during construction processes. The components of the gateway consist of perforated panels, sub-frames and main-frames; all of which are manufactured off-site. Construction processes will be rapid, through the assembly of components on site.

Die-cutting process is used to create perforations within the panels. To save cost and time in the production of the panels, the perforations are standardised to 5 sizes. The large pore sizes enable the moire to be visible from afar. In total, the gateway consist of 6915 modular, perforated aluminium composite panels .

11 PROJECT PROPOSAL

part III

12 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES week 1 The search for an architecture discourse made aware of creating architecture with purpose. The discourse of reflecting architecture’s social and political impact and responsibility is compatible with Wyndham’s vision in the gateway design. week 2 Research on the benefits of computation in architecture which can be used in the gateway design.Modularisation, standardised customisation, robotic manufacturing and merging structure in design stage is time and cost effective. week 3 Can parametric design which is so futuristic still relate to a society’s rich history? Research on case studies which use parametric design to visually reinterpret cultural elements into a contemporary context assured that parametric architecture is still very much relevant and sensitive towards a society. surface grids

boolean patterning

output : rectangle image sampler

week 4 Design exploration based on case-based design. Reverse-engineering enabled new learning experience of grasshopper plug-in. Technical skills gained in parametric design enabled further exploration on perforations through combining matrices.

week 5-7 Fabrication of reverse-engineering case study enabled experimentation with the physical model. The model was further developed to experiment with structure and layering.

week 8 Compilation of all research and technical skills gained in the previous weeks to create an EOI for the Wyndham gateway design. A mid-semester report on learning objectives and outcome made aware the progress and experience gained from the subject. week 9 Design development for Wyndham gateway proposal. A concept was created based on the chosen architecture discourse and research on Wyndhamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity. Parametric perforations were developed to produce moire effects. A construction detail model was developed to experiment this proposal. week 10 A physical model and site model was made to communicate the design proposal. Research on fabrication processes for the perforated alumnium composite panel was conducted. Based on the EOI argument, off-site manufacturing of components and on-site assembly is proposed for this design.

week 11 Two A1 panels, a video of the physical model and a presentation was delievered to a panel of crits. Feedback on physical model lacking construction detail resulted in a construction detail model (scale 1:5) and detail drawings. (refer to week 9)

week 12 Summary of individual progress, rellection on learning experience and future application is recorded. Final compilation of journal.

12 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES OBJECTIVES

OUTCOMES

FULFILLING VISION OF CLIENT PROPOSE A FEASIBLE AND REALISTIC DESIGN ENCOURAGE INNOVATIVE DESIGN FABRICATE FROM 3D GENERATED MODEL IMPROVE DESIGN FROM PANEL FEEDBACK FORMAL RECORD OF LEARNING EXPERIENCE

USING ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE AS GUIDE TO CONCEPT KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION OF CONSTRUCTION JOINTS USE OF PARAMETRIC EXPLORATION TO CREATE SPECIFIC EFFECTS RATIONALIZATION (UNROLLING) AND LASER-CUTTING EXPERIENCE RESEARCH, DRAWINGS AND MODEL OF CONSTRUCTION JOINTS COMPILATION OF JOURNAL REFLECTING KNOWLEDGE GAINED

The current studio AIR course structure has been a huge challenge but at the same time a beneficial one. I now have a deeper knowledge on architecture in the contemporary context. Being exposed to the breakthrough of parametric architecture has given me a greater understanding behind the potential and significance of this architectural movement. Lectures and guest speakers have also made me aware of the importance in considering architecture in a broader context; from fulfilling the clients brief to realising the budget through efficient fabrication and construction methods, which parametric architecture significantly contributes to. The brief in applying parametric architecture is further enhanced by the EOI. This opportunity to be involved in forming an EOI has been a new experience for me, which has proven beneficial in forming the skills of making arguments in architecture. In this case, it encouraged me to research both the advantages and disadvantages of parametric architecture, forming a more receptive response towards architecture which moves forward with the contemporary context. In relation to this, provided reading and research resources not only significantly shaped my critical reading skills, but also formed a good pattern in backing up opinions and decisions with facts, precedent studies and theories. I am now exposed to and aware of the current movements within the architecture realm in a more personal level. The development of design based on the EOI and the client’s vision gave an experience of putting together knowledge gained from this subject and to actually apply it in practical terms. The importance of following through the design direction within an architectural discourse gave a clear purpose for the design proposal, relating it back to the client’s vision. Furthermore, the studio AIR criteria of supporting your design proposal with fabrication processes and construction joints enabled a more realistic exposure to the architectural field. The learning experience was challenging as it pushed me to research and apply practical and up-to-date design methods, fabrication processes and construction systems. The knowledge gained is definitely a stepping stone to practicing in the contemporary architecture field.

The knowledge gained from the studio AIR subject is an important stepping stone to attain possibilities offered in parametric architecture. Technical skills in parametric softwares and computerised fabrication of physical models are applicable in both higher studies of architecture and the building industry. The experience gained in forming an EOI and also developing a design proposal based on an actual client gives an initial experience of participating in actual architectural competitions. Through being aware of architectural discourses and the current realm of architectural movements, I now realize the importance of creating architecture that is relevant, with purpose and feasible. I now strive to convey these strong qualities in my future studies and career, being constantly receptive towards contemporary technology in the building and design industry.