Fluid d dynamics, in ph hysics, is the sub‐‐ disciipline of fluid mech hanics which dealss with h fluid flow – the natural science off fluid ds (liquids & gases)) in motion. It has seveeral sub disciplinees itself, including g aero odynamics (the sttudy of gases in motiion) and hydrodyna amics (the study off liquiids in motion). Fluiid dynamics has a widee range of appliications, including g calcu ulating forces and d moments on a bodyy, determining the mass flow rate off a liiquid through pip pelines, predicting weather patterns, an nd understanding g nebu ulae in interstellar.
E Extremes II Background
The Glasgo ow Tower is the firsst of its kind to rottate to reduce th he aerodynamic forrces acting upon it.
The Arab W World Institute by Jeean Nouvel in Paris uses a systeem of 240 motorised appetures which open and cllose every hour. Theey act as brise soleiil (sun shadin ng) to control sunlig ght entering the building.
P Precede ence
Laminar and TTurbulent flow Phenomenon o of fluid dynamics
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Site Analysis Bauplatz 17 and 18
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Girih tiles are a a set of five tiles th hat were used in thee creation of tiling p patterns for decora ation of buildings in Isl lamic architecture. They are known too have been used ssince about the yeaar 1200 and their arran ngements found sig gnificant improvem ments starting with the Darb‐i Imam sh hrine in Isfahan in Iran n built in 1453 The Girih tiling pattern closely resembles r Penrosee tilings which is an a aperiodic tiling system ger Penrose in the 1 1970’s. discovered by mathematician Rog
Pattterns aand Structure Geometric tilin ng in Islamic Architecture
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The tiling system derived from the Girih tile in Islamic architecture has been tessilated and placed in a grid. This grid can remain static whilst allowing for the individual tiles to move from side to side to allow for sunlight and ventilation to enter the building. The tiles themselves can be made from a photovoltaic material to generate energy. Each tile can move individually to allow for openings anywhere on the facade when necessary. Tiling system in a fixed closed state
Tiling system uniformly tilted 15degrees for a uniform internal lighting effect
Tiling system in a state of varied tilting. This sate may be to capture the most amount of sunlight or because of the desired lighting conditions for that area of the building
Tiling system nearly fully tilted for maximum light to enter without losing any tiles
Facade
Images Phenomenon of fluid dynamics
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Concept
Structural grid system 6
The Coanda effect is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to an adjacent curved surface that is very well shaped, the principle was named after Romanian Henri Coanda, who was the first to recognise the practical application of the phenomenon in aircraft development. In the instance of a stream of water attracting a spoon as it flows over the bowl, the Coanda effect is a result of surface tension of Van der Waals forces plus Newton’s second and third laws. The effect, in this case, is actually caused by attractive forces. In the instance of a gas flow over a convex curved surface in ambient gas, however, the Coanda effect is a result of the momentum of the gas and entrainment of ambient gas and has nothing to do with attractive forces. As a gas flows over a convex airfoil, the gas is drawn down to adhere to the airfoil by a combination of the greater pressure above the gas flow and the lower pressure below the flow caused by an evacuating effect of the flow itself, which as a result of shear flow, rarefies the slow‐moving fluid trapped between the flow and the upper surface of the airfoil.
Research
Coanda effect Phenomenon of fluid dynamics
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The principle behind the coanda effect is that liquid will stick to a smooth surface
Concept
Applying to coanda effect to an architectural structure
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After looking at the coanda effect, using smooth surfaces to influence the form of the building could be the basis of the internal structures.
Patterns and Structure Geometric tiling in Islamic Architecture
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The pattern is draped over the surfaces like water on a smooth surface evoking the look of the coanda effect
Concept
Geometric tiling in Islamic Architecture & fluid dynamics
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Wind turbine would generate energy
Three dimensional spatial system
Looking into basic planning of the tower
Physical form model of the structure
Airflow can be canelled through the tower and controlled by movement of the pod system. Turbines at the top of the tower will generate energy
Concept
Images Phenomenon of fluid dynamics
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Ti Tiling system moving g up or down the facade
The structurall framing system ca an be melded or draped oveer any form which iss applied in this concept to o weave between th he pods
Pods remain u under the facade wh hich is attached to th he structural fram ming system
To respond to the elem ments around the b building, move the thee structural facade ssystem is able to m surf rface tiling up and down on a magnettic latch system to allow the sunlight to penetrrate the inner building and to allow the cross flow ntilation. The surffaces of these tiiles are ven pho otovoltaic collectin ng sunlight when there is ligh ht available. Each tile can pivot left an nd right, up and down to colleect the maximum possible p nlight at any time off the day. sun To take advantage o of the structural syystem. I al frame devvised a way to weeave the structura aro ound the freestand ding pods as they had no meeans of standing on n their own. By ussing this system, the structuree is then supportting the ds within the buildin ng. pod As the pods are then ssupported by the sttructural ming, they can articulate individu ually to fram con ntrol airflow within n the tower funnellling the win nd to the top of th he tower where th here are turb bines to generate eelectricity.
C Concep pt
Interweaving sstructural grid 12
A concept involving the use of the pods being supporting using some form of structural Tensegrity was the main purpose for this exercise. The concept would have a series of pods placed in a ring supported by cables. Two would be needed for the bottom for balance and one at the top to keep the pod in place and stop it from moving.
Concept
Tensegrity model 13
Concept
Fluid dynamics in Architecture 14
Porosity is a meassure of the void spa aces in a material, a and is measured as a fra action between 0 an nd 1 or as a percenttage between 0 and 10 00%. I looked into porosity as I began to lo ook at the form my ng. As the structuree is made up of a weebbing building was takin system with pods,, the gaps between them led me to thee study of porosity. Workiing out a way to brridge together the p pods will be the next sttep.
P Porosity y Research
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Tile in motion exposing building
Each individual tile can move up and down the facade system. Unused tiles can go underground if the building does not require shelter during the day
Tile angling towards the sun Tile in place
The structural frame is held in place under
tension from the cable ties, as two grids can be used to rest against each other.
Concept
Images Phenomenon of fluid dynamics
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The pods can be placed within the structure. The pods are now sheltered by the external skin.
Pods hanging on to the structural frame of the facade
From within the pods, there would be controls for each room to allow for more or less light in that area, the facade will respond accordingly. Pod exposed by the tiling system
Concept
Images Phenomenon of fluid dynamics
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