Chris Hazel design narratives
narratives This portfolio presented a unique challenge. Much of my recent work has revolved around designing and displaying project information to very specific audiences – i.e. technical drawings and building science to one group, research or education design to another, and longer-form project descriptions to another. However, with this portfolio, I attempted to bring all of those aspects together to tell the story of several projects and why each is important. This challenged me to re-examine each of these projects to a greater degree and determine what is unique in each project, what sets it apart from the others, and what has each project done to add to the larger discourse of my own design philosophy. Each project is independent from the others, and all are radically different programs, settings, design philosophies, and theories in a timespan ranging in over five years of my education and career, but each project has been influential in my trajectory as a designer. All are projects that I will to look back at while I continue to learn, design, and grow.
about I am a researcher at the Hamer Center for Community Design where I lead the Energy Efficient Housing Research group (EEHR). My research explores architecture as a catalyst for society & sociability through space and construction, and my architectural interests include communityengaged design, construction, sustainability, and social theory. From August 2015 to July 2018 I co-designed, developed bid specifications, consulted with the design/build contractor, and developed a wide range of educational materials on the GreenBuild Duplex project, an affordable Zero Energy Ready Home in State College, PA. I also led the Penn State Department of Energy’s Race to Zero competition team in 2016 and 2017, and served as a co-advisor to the 2018 Penn State team who won first place in the Suburban Single Family contest. I hold a Master of Architecture degree from Penn State (2017), and a Bachelors of Arts in Architectural Studies and a Certificate in Civil Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh (2014).
directory physical|digital \\ page 4
This library and research residence addition to the historic Philadelphia Athenaeum explores the intersection of physical architecture and ‘digital’ space. The project examines how we will access knowledge and information. Information in the future won’t be found within rusted filing cabinets holding faded rolls of paper – it will be around us, it will interact with us, and it will be informed by us.
radial habitat \\ page 14
Our typical response to physical destruction via natural disaster is to, as quickly and cheaply as possible, repair the basic functions that are lost due to damaged shelters and infrastructures. This proposal examines a more systematic and long-term approach to rehousing and rebuilding lives in areas prone to natural disasters. The project looks not only at rehousing but for ways to rebuild the infrastructure using natural systems more resilient to the probable future disasters and rebuilding systems that grow community connection and personal ‘being’ so that affected populations can not only survive, but live.
library of the long now \\ page 30
Inspired by the Long Now Foundation, this library creates space to collect and share knowledge for the next 10,000 years. Located in Avela, PA – an hour outside of Pittsburgh and near the site of the Meadowcroft Rockshelter – the form of this project draws from the geology of the area to integrate itself within the landscape.
the last repose \\ page 42
This studio explored systems design, starting with simple elements and forming complex spaces and architecture with a limited language. Similarly, the architecture – a mortuary, visiting center, and burial place – examines the system and process of grief as families bid farewell to their loved ones.
greenbuild \\ page 54
The GreenBuild project is a high-performance duplex in State College, built in collaboration with the State College Community Land Trust and Envinity Inc. The homes are part of a larger research project to more deeply understand truly affordable housing, not only looking at the first costs of building a home but also the long-term carried costs of home ownership. The homes were initially designed by students at Penn State through the Department of Energy’s Race to Zero competition in 2015. The homes were built and sold to two families in July 2018 and will continue to be a source of research for years to come.
physical|digital
location\\ Philadelphia, PA program\\ Library and theater addition to Philadelphia Athenaeum date\\ Spring 2016 class\\ ARCH 533
The Athenaeum was designed as a member-supported library; it is now working to establish itself as an expansive architectural library housing artifacts, manuscripts, and drawings of architecture. It has roughly 30,000 drawings, primarily of Philadelphia buildings. It also hosts fellowships and competitions regarding architectural preservation and record. In our digital age, architecture record is not a preservation of drawing, but a preservation of building. Threedimensional models, point-cloud systems, and virtual reality has replaced the storage room of rolled drawings and fading ink. This design contrasts and connects the physical space of the past and the digital space of the future, examining how information travels and how physical spaces form around us in an increasingly digital world. To accommodate a growing interest in the library, the Athenaeum needs the addition to hold a theater for public architecture lectures, discussions, and workshops; classroom and research spaces; as well as a series of research residence dormitory rooms for the grantees of their research fellowships. The Philadelphia Athenaeum was initially founded in 1814 and relocated to its current building in 1845. The Italianate Revival building by John Notman was the first building in the city to use the simple and durable brownstone; its plain exterior masks the lavish finishes of the interior reading rooms. Boasting 24-foot ceilings, gilded chandeliers, and hidden stairways, the central reading room is the heart of the original Athenaeum. The addition connects to the language of the building, extending the façade facing Washington Square and wrapping it around the new building. At the center of this new cluster is the void – a space of nothing that extends from the bottom floor vertically past the roof of the Athenaeum. This glass-paneled void is the digital space, a place where information shapes the architecture. Much like the reading room the void serves as the heart of the addition; here, researchers will project building documentation onto the many panels, they will enlarge virtual models and will walk through spaces long gone. Not only is this space physically, spatially, and technically the heart of the Athenaeum – it communicates to the rest of the city. It extends above the roofs of the physical buildings, breaking into the space of Philadelphia and lighting up the sky, reaching out to the rest of the city.
interior rendering
150’
Philadelphia Athenaeum rendering by John Notman Image: Philadelphia Athenaeum
Athenaeum Reading Room
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night view from Washington Square
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In the space, HVAC material/physical SYSTEMS everything is physical. There is a heavy emphasis on materiality and weight, so much so that the air itself has weight and mass. For this design, ductwork extends from the vertical shafts that enclose the ‘digital’ space under the concrete floor between the pan joists. In the digital space, there are air supplies behind the glass panels that release air behind the panels and filter into the space so that no mechanical system is seen within the space.
ARCH 480 • SPRING 2016 • CHRIS HAZEL • 05_Level3 49' - 0"
1 1/2” Finish Concrete 1/2” Acoustical Mat 8” Concrete Slab w/ 14” Pan Joists
Ath. Level 2 38' - 4"
04_Level2 35' - 0"
Glass Walking Surface Steel Tube Joist 2-HR Rated Overhead Glazing Insulated Pressure Bar w/ Finish Cover Cap W-24 Structural Steel Beam Glass Acoustical Reflection Panels
12” Concrete Slab w/ Liquid Waterproofing Membrane
Ath. Level 1 23' - 9"
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Ath. Basement 14' - 3"
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Hydraulic Floor in Lecture Hall Stone Backfill Concrete w/ Liquid Waterproofing Membrane & 2” XPS
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wall section (left) interior elevation (middle) 0’
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radial habitat
location\\ Haiti program\\ Resilient Relief Housing date\\ Fall 2016 + Spring 2017 class\\ Architectural Thesis One of the most devastating impacts of natural disasters is the damage to and loss of vital infrastructure and housing. Current methods for disaster relief rely heavily on cheap and temporary shelters, often plastic tents for displaced peoples. However, this method is unsustainable and counteractive to what should be the goals in these situations – the creation of resilient and stable infrastructure – the creation of new habitat. In 2010 Haiti experienced a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Port-au-Prince, the largest and densest city in the developing country. Less than seven years later Haiti was hit again by Hurricane Matthew, destroying many of the tents and informal settlements still inhabited by tens of thousands of people long after the 2010 event. This thesis project examines methods for creating resilient communities in Haiti in a responsive and efficient manner by focusing on the most dire need after an event: water. The Radial Habitat is designed to collect and store rain water and move used water through an open network of natural filtration systems connecting multiple habitats. This project provides a technical means of collecting and managing water through the system while also constructing a safe, affordable, and contextual permanent home for people displaced by natural disasters.
Infrastructure
Current Development Timeline Foreign Aid and cheap tents
No sustained growth over time Disaster
Infrastructure
Proposed Development Timeline Foreign Aid and cheap tents
Resilient Infrastructure
Sustained Growth over time
Disaster
Democracy - a form of collective action intended for societal gain Political - social action System - a collection of components and elements that form an independent organism capable of growing and changing Components - parts that make up a system and can be added to, subtracted from, or replaced within a system to allow it to survive Power - the ability for a group to perform social action Temporality - duration of an event Informality - not adhering to a pre-determined outcome or result Heterarchy - a lateral system of power in which the success of the system is dependent of the success of the collective action rather than the power of an individual Network - multiple connections between individual elements in a way that allows the group to act as a unified whole
habitat section
1_Haiti after the 2010 earthquake (Image: www.climateandgeohazards.wordpress.com)
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2_One example of ‘reconstruction,’ a monotonous sea of tarpaulin boxes that fall during the preceding natural disaster (Image: www.samaritanspurse.org) 3_Natural habitation in public courtyards after a disaster (Image: www.britannica.com)
4_Unchecked and uncoordinated density for immediate shelter (Image: www.doubleharvest. com) 5_Jerrycans waiting in line for the next rationing of potable water (Image: www.pbs. org) 6_Relief is measured in immediate numbers rather than sustained progress (Image: www. ifrc.org)
Name: Favelas Architect: n/a Location: Brazil
Program: Squatter Housing Material: Various Found Materials Built: Late 19th Century–Present
Name: Quinta Monroy Residential Development Architect: Elemental Location: Iquique, Chile
Program: Squatter Housing Material: Concrete & CMU Built: 2003
Edge
Path
Accretion
Connection via Axes
Connection via Masses Landmark
Layering
District
Tension
Node
Extension
Static City Creation
Diagrams from: Kevin Lynch The Image of the City
Dynamic City Growth
Diagrams from: Edmund Bacon Design of Cities
Illuminated Leaf – Paul Klee
Network
Edges (Water Filters)
Nodes (Habitat)
Paths and Districts
This project is examined at two connected scales – the individual habitat and the neighborhood that connects them. A conceptual network is formed based off of the city research and work of Kevin Lynch and Edmund Bacon. The conceptual network begins with the underlying network, an invisible organization of the habitats. This design uses a three-winged habitat with a hexagonal network; additional wings are possible, creating more complex networks, but optimizing between short-term efficiency in construction and long-term structural stability, the three-winged habitat is the most useful for this site. After the network is laid, nodes are placed at the intersections – these are the individual habitats. Next, the connecting edges are drawn between the nodes. These edges are the water filtration systems connecting multiple habitats. Finally, paths are drawn between habitats that divide the remaining space into districts. These districts can serve varying functions, farm areas, infill structure, or open space. This conceptual network is translated to the site plan of the project. Each habitat consists of both private (dwelling) and public space. The use of the public space would be determined by the residents of the habitat and the needs of the immediate area. Examples include clinics, markets, libraries, schools, etc. The public space would define the habitat in the larger network, and each unit is placed 50100 feet from center to center, enough space for movement between habitats, but close enough to make multiple habitats accessible to a single resident.
System of Habitats
site plan
site section water filtration between habitats 0’
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16’
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01_locate habitat
04_canopy for water collection
02_grading and earth-bag walls
05_bamboo rail
03_bamboo structure
06_apply wall panels
The interior of the units are simple and open. The center is the storage area for water or energy (with the addition of battery storage), so all of the water fixtures are adjacent to the storage tank. The storage tank shown has a diameter of about 4.5 feet; this can hold roughly 1,750 gallons of water, enough to provide for three families for about 30 days once full. This means that during times of drought, there will be plenty of water for use within the habitats. Each family is provided a separate bathroom for privacy and safety. The bedrooms are defined by informal materials such as plywood or tarp curtains. The bedrooms are adjustable to allow for the changing needs of the family. The model shown includes second floor space for one of the wings; this would not be required in each of the habitats, but open space to the second floor would serve as a secure, yet open space to be while in the habitat. The canopy roof works as the water collecting element. The frame, like the frame of the habitat, is constructed out of bamboo, a rapidly renewable and accessible resource. The structure is made to slope all water towards the center of the canopy where it collects in a metal drain pipe that transfers the water into the storage tank located in the center of the habitat. The water is stored and used as needed by the residents, and once water is used, it is sent through the water filtration system that connects multiple habitats.
Name
Relief Tent
Transitional Shelter
Radial Habitat
Price
$300 - $400
$7,000 - $33,000
$18,500
Durability
3-12 Months
2-10 Years
> 25 Years
Expected Residence
< 6 Months
< 5 Years
> 30 Years
Potential Residence
> 25 Years
> 25 Years
> 25 Years
Poor
Acceptable
Enabling
7’-6” x 5’-8”
12’ x 20’
9’-10” x 13’-1” unit (shown with ten units)
Materials
Plastic Tarp and Bamboo Poles
Concrete Floor, Wood Stud/ Plywood/Stucco Wall, Metal Roof
Concrete Floor, Bamboo Structure & Screen, Found Materials Cladding, Tarp Roof
Program
Single Family - Sleeping (2-3 People)
Single Family - Dwelling (5-8 People)
Multi-Family Dwelling + Community Space (1-4 Families)
Services
Sleeping
Sleeping & Family Space
Family Living Space, Including Personal Hygiene
n/a
n/a
School Market, Clinic, Library, etc.
Privacy
None
Poor
Fair
Safety
None
Fair
High
Water Storage Capacity
None
50 Gallons
1,750 Gallons (per Habitat)
Resiliency
0 Days
2 Days
26 Days
Constructability (Time)
Hours
Days
Days
Constructability (People)
1 Person
4 People
6 People
1130 People/Acre
229 People/Acre
121 People/Acre
Quality of Life
Size
Optional Services
Density
habitat
library of the long now location\\ Avela, PA program\\ 10,000 year Library date\\ Fall 2015 class\\ ARCH 520
The Long Now Foundation was designed to promote very long-term thinking and understanding about how we may preserve our culture and knowledge and see our individual selves as only instances in time adding to the much more vastly complex and beautiful lineage of nature itself. This project draws from the goal of the Foundation to create a space that will collect information, knowledge, ideas, and culture for the next 10,000 years. This project is sited outside of Avela, Pennsylvania, a rural town about an hour west of Pittsburgh and home to the Meadowcroft Rockshelter site where the unique layering of different sandstones allowed for nature to carve an ideal shelter. Over the course of millenia, water from what is now Cross Creek eroded the rock away from the hill side to form the bluff. As water levels lowered, they wore away the softer rock layers and carved out a space between two layers of denser rocks. This erosion created the ideal coverage for early paleoindians traveling along Cross Creek. As time continued, dust and debris from the underside of the rock would fall and cover the ancient camping sites, thus preserving the artifacts for thousands of years. This site is believed to be once of the earliest gathering places for ancient native peoples with artifacts found dating back over 19,000 years. It is believed that huntergatherer societies used the natural formation as a camping ground while migrating between northern and southern hunting grounds. This library draws from the forms of the nearby rockshelter to create an architecture that is made by man but recedes into the landscape. The interior, similar to the rockshelter, is left mostly open; rather than designing towards the needs of now, the spaces and adjacencies are designed to provoke coincidence of function and interaction of people and culture. The library of the future will not be bound by the collection of books or artifacts but by the collection of ideas. It will no longer be a place that solely houses the information of the past but will instead be the place that ignites the spark of the future. For most of history, the library has been a reference of information, but why not use the library to create information? Instead of culture being written and bound for practice by the people, why not create a hub that allows people to re-write culture, not to imagine the future by reading the past, but by creating the future by collaborating and acting in the present. This library is not for what is written, it is not for information â&#x20AC;&#x201C; this library is for ideas, for communication. Not for recording today so that it can be remembered tomorrow, but for communicating today for a better tomorrow.
site model scale: 1/32 = 1’-0”
Pittsburgh, PA
Meadowcroft Rockshelter
10 miles
Meadowcroft Rockshelter
Image: H. Laville et al, ‘Rock Shelters of the Perigord’
Excavation of the Rockshelter
site plan
site model scale: 1/32” = 1’-0”
view while crossing the bridge
ACTION RESEARCHING
LEARNING
PERFORMING
PERFORMING/COLLABORATION RESEARCHING/TECHNOLOGY LEARNING/BOOKS
PERFORMING/ COLLABORATION RESEARCHING/TECHNOLOGY LEARNING/BOOKS
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the last repose
location\\ Mount Washington, PA program\\ Mortuary date\\ Fall 2012 class\\ HAA 1917 (University of Pittsburgh)
This studio explored systems – the connections and relationships between individual elements and complex architectures. In a series of initial exercises, a series of arbitrary elements – lines, planes, and volumes – were generated; these elements were then connected to form components through a series of explicitly defined rules. Components were then tested by forming an infinitely open system; components were connected to each other by common elements using the same rules defined to build the components. Following this first test, components were then modified – broken through a series of geometric motions – and retested. These modified components served as the language for an architecture. The architecture, perched at the top of Mount Washington overlooking the city of Pittsburgh, was the home for a mortuary, visiting center, and burial place. Spread across the site, are a series of loosely connected spaces designed to separate the living from the dead, lifting from the earth to move from the past towards the future.
“expose” system sections
Elements
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Modified Components
Modified System
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Separated Large Viewing Room
Private Reflection Area
Elevation Administration / Multi-Purpose Room / Large Viewing Room / Small Reflection Room Counseling / Medium Viewing Room / Medium Reflection Room
Private Viewing Room
Large Reflection Area
Integrated
Small Viewing Room / Large Reflection Room Crypts
Life Changing Movement Exposed
Death Un-Changing Static Hidden
Entry Reflection Area
Program
Counseling Crypt Administration
Separate
Divide
Distribute
Converge
Viewing Area Multipurpose Area
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Ground floor plan
entry floor_plan 0 4 8 16
32
64
1_crypts 2_private viewing area 3_entry 4_large reflection area
5_counseling area 6_viewing area 7_administration 8_multi-purpose room
9_private reflection area 10_public viewing area 11_ reflection area Bertha Street
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64
1_crypts 2_private viewing area 3_entry 4_large reflection area
5_counseling area 6_viewing area 7_administration 8_multi-purpose room
9_private reflection area 10_public viewing area 11_ reflection area
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final building model scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”
greenbuild
location\\ State College, PA program\\ High-Performance Duplex date\\ 2014-current (built June 2018) class\\ n/a
â&#x20AC;&#x153;GreenBuildâ&#x20AC;? is an affordable, zero-energy duplex for two income-qualified families in Central Pennsylvania. This exemplary project is the culmination of five years of collaborative research, design and construction between industry, academic, and community partners. Through its holistic and collaborative design process, researched building science and technical systems, and continuous educational impact, this project is a leader in affordable, sustainable building design for the region. The project was initially designed by architecture and engineering students through the U.S. Department of Energyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Race to Zero competition in 2015. Through a series of design charrettes including students and faculty, industry partners, and community members, the student facilitators were able to lead stakeholders collectively through goal setting and strategy development in order to learn and document needs, desires, and success/performance metrics for this showcase project. The ideas and features discussed during these design charrettes became ingrained in the project from site design to floor plan layout and even to the design for the attic space. Following the competition in April 2015, the project team - comprised of the State College Community Land Trust (an affordable housing provider in State College), Envinity Inc. (a professional design/build team), and the Pennsylvania State University - continued to collaborate throughout the project. Construction began in fall 2017 and was completed in June 2018. As a result of thoughtful engagement, research and analysis, and design, GreenBuild will affordably minimize homeowner utility costs and, using proper building science and careful construction, remain healthy and efficient throughout its lifetime. As a learning process for students, professionals, and the community, climatically appropriate building science research coupled with consistent energy and hygrothermal modeling was used to validate the design and ensure that the homes will perform at their best environmentally, socially, and economically. GreenBuild is a leader in sustainable design not only because of the craft of the design and construction of the homes, but because of the continued benefit of the entire project to its community - it provides a home to two families in Central Pennsylvania, but will serve as an example and catalyst for responsible housing in the area for years to come. For more information about the GreenBuild project, visit http://sites.psu.edu/eehr/
community design charrette
GreenBuild Rendering (2017)
GreenBuild Duplex (December 2018)
Zero Energy Ready
Site Design and Development: •
Community connection, heritage of place.
•
Infill location within the Borough promotes community and encourages reduction in private vehicle use.
•
Landscape design and site elements selected to minimize site impact and showcase sustainable site design principles to the community. These include rain gardens and rain barrels to control and capture storm water and permeable surfaces to facilitate water infiltration. These will help reduce the impact on Borough infrastructure and demonstrate low-maintenance, energy efficient, and beautiful residential landscaping solutions.
•
Roof overhangs are designed for passive solar advantages (heat in winter and shade in summer) and to keep rain away from the walls of the home. Covered entries (e.g., awning, covered porch) at exterior doors prevent water intrusion and subsequent rotting of joists, sills, and finishes.
•
Roof and façade design and detailing, including metal roof and termite barrier, protect the building over time and reduce maintenance.
Material Choices: •
Locally available, indigenous materials connect the homes to the community and heritage of place.
•
Recycled content and renewable building materials reduce resource consumption and respect the environment.
•
Homes are oriented to optimize solar resources, minimizing home energy use and improving indoor living environment. •
•
Shared driveway, using permeable paving where possible, reduces site disturbance and impermeable area.
Reduce Consumption and Waste: •
Occupant health continuously considered through choice of low or no VOC indoor paints, adhesives, and sealants to minimize pollutants.
Innovation:
• ‘Right-sizing’: floor plans designed for efficient use of space while providing flexibility and adaptability for the homeowners. Connections between indoors and outdoors • extend living spaces.
Design informed by community and climate context — building orientation and siting, form, and envelope— enhances community pride.
•
Integrated and comprehensive building science—effective R-value of building envelope and continuous thermal, air, water, and vapor control layers—guarantees energy efficiency and sets a precedent for others.
•
Energy, water, and financial resources conserved through proper air- and duct-sealing, controlled kitchen and bathroom ventilation, reduced infiltration, energy recovery, and ultra-efficient appliances and equipment.
Optimum value engineering (OVE) framing techniques reduce the amount of framing lumber used while ensuring structural integrity. Home dimensions are designed to An average130 home constructed An averagebefore home 2006. constructed before 2006. • minimize building material waste.
Energy rmance
Materials selected for enhanced durability, reduced maintenance, resident health, and community pride. An average newly constructed An averagehome. newly constructed home. 100 Where possible, local, renewable, and recycled materials are incorporated into the design. N
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Home use
less energy net-zero energy home with cogeneration. This cogeneration. This A net-zero energy home with ome produces as much energy as itasuses. home produces much energy as it uses. 0
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GreenBuild Duplex (June 2018)
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Research + Design
Engagement & Education
Evaluation & Optimization
EEHR
Design Innovation
The Energy Efficient Housing Research group (EEHR) has a process of three inter-related goals: design innovation, evaluation and optimization, and engagement and education. Every aspect of the GreenBuild Duplex cycles through this process. The project began with a series of studentled community design charrettes to engage community stakeholders, local architects, engineers, and builders, as well as educate and empower students to be the leaders of the design process. Throughout the construction of the homes, EEHR led numerous tours of the homes so that students could learn from a real-world project; this allowed students to physically see the details they were drawing in their own projects. Over the open house weekend, over 500 members of the State College community walked through the homes to learn about the project and process, and find ways to improve their own homes. Even after the homes are complete, research will continue at the homes to evaluate the energy performance and indoor air quality to compare to models developed during the design of the homes, so that we can better understand the decisions made and improve upon the design in future projects.
Design Charrette
Student Tour
Open House Tour
USGBC Awards
North Home Interior Image: Envinity Inc.
North Home Interior Image: Envinity Inc.
GreenBuild Duplex (June 2018)