Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Competences Assessment Alliance (EICAA) Existing Tools InventoryAssessmentEntrepreneurialforandofTools Deliverable 2.2 (WP2) Executive summary Version 2.0 Last update: March 2022
Manuscript completed in May 2021, reviewed in December 2021, March 2022.
This is a public document belonging to Work Package 2 of the project Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Competences Assessment Alliance (EICAA).
Authors: Marta Carceller (TecnoCampus), Ester Bernadó (TecnoCampus)
Contact information: ebernado@tecnocampus.cat
-1-
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-2-
SHARE — copy and redistribute the materials in any medium or format ADAPT — remix, transform, and build upon the materials
Under the licence, you are free to:
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
-3Contents 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................4 2. Methodology.....................................................................................................................................6 3. Repositoryofentrepreneurshipassessmenttools.............................................................................7 4. Results............................................................................................................................................13 5. References......................................................................................................................................15
1 EuropeanParliamentandCouncil(2006).RecommendationoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof18th December2006onkeycompetencesforlifelonglearning(2006/962/EC).OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion, L394/310
In 2016, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union set out recommendations on key competences for lifelong learning, one of which is entrepreneurship, an individual’s ability to turn ideasintoaction1.Consequently,thedevelopmentofentrepreneurialcompetenceshasbecomethefocus on many programsin Higher EducationInstitutions and other educationalinstitutions in Europe. Given the importance of entrepreneurial competence development, the European Commission developed EntreComp, the Entrepreneurial Competence Framework (Bacigalupo et al., 2016), which identifies a listof15competencesgroupedinthreecompetenceareas:IdeasandOpportunities,Resources,andInto Action. The framework is the first step towards a common understanding of what competences are needed for entrepreneurship and has helped many educational institutions design educational programs alignedwiththesecompetences.
-4-
1. Introduction
Teaching and learning entrepreneurship require tools for assessing entrepreneurship competences. Assessment is useful before the start of a program, at the end of the program and/or along the program to monitor competence development. Being aware of this need, many HEIs have developed their own tools to assess entrepreneurship competences of their students and to measure the impact of their programs. Also, organisations (companies or consultant agencies) have developed their own tools to measurethecompetencesoftheemployeesorindividualsinordertocoachandtrainthemappropriately. Atthepresenttime,thereisa large varietyoftoolsdesignedto assessentrepreneurialcompetences,but very few of them follow a common competence framework such as EntreComp. This large variety reflects a lack of standardisation of competence assessment tools. Consequently, any HEI or business interestedAnygovernmentalothertoolsbenefitsTogethermostassessmentsurveys.entrepreneurialTheentrepreneurshipcommoncompetencetools,understandingswillingtoapplyacompetenceassessmenttoolisfacedwithadispersityoftools,eachrelyingondifferentofwhatcompetencesareneeded.ThisleadstheHEIsorbusinesstodeveloptheirownfurthercontributingtothenumberandvarietyofexistingtools.Thecreationofastandardassessmentsurvey,whichcouldbeusedbyanyinstitutionacrossEurope,wouldestablishalanguageforassessingentrepreneurshipcompetences,whichwouldhelpintheevaluationofprogramsandtheirimprovement.researchsummarisedinthepresentdocumentsetsthefirststeptowardsthedesignofsuchacommonassessmenttoolbyidentifyingandanalysingtheexistingentrepreneurshipcompetenceThecurrentexecutivesummaryreflectstheresultsofasystematicreviewofentrepreneurialtools.Theaimoftheresearchistodevelopanupdatedanddetailedcategorizationoftherelevantentrepreneurialassessmenttoolsexistingintheliteratureandcurrentlyavailableonline.withalistofthemostrelevanttools,ananalysisoftheircomponentsisprovided.Oneoftheofthisanalysisistoprovideguidancetoresearchers,teachers,trainersandcoachesonthebestavailabletoassessentrepreneurshipcompetences.ThisresearchnotonlyappliestothecontextofHigherEducationInstitutions(HEIs),butalsoinanysettingwhereindividualsareaskedtoprovidesolutionstotoday’schallenges,eitherinagencies,consultancies,start-ups,establishedcompaniesandorganisationsofalltypes.organisationthataimstodeveloptheentrepreneurialcompetencesoftheirstaffispotentiallyinassessingtheentrepreneurialcompetencesoftheiremployeesandmanagers,toidentify
-5 individuals’-
Asprograms.partof the project EICAA (EntrepreneurialandIntrapreneurial CompetencesAssessment Alliance), funded by the European Commission under the Erasmus+ program, this document contributes to the achievement of the project's objective, which is to develop a digital platform for the assessment and development of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial competences. This analysis also serves as a foundationfor EICAA’sCompetenceMonitor,byidentifyingbest practicesandpotentiallimitationsof theexistingtools,andthushelpstodesignanewassessmenttool.
and teams’ strengths and weaknesses, and building on that, devise training and mentoring
Dimensions Structureofassessmenttoolindimensionsorsubdimensions.
Pre-test Questions asked to the participant, beyond the targeted questions of the survey, such as demographicsquestions.
Source Referenceofpaperand/orwebsiteifavailable.
Target Targetgrouptowhomthesurveyisdesigned(e.g.,students,entrepreneurs,employees…)
Aim Aimorpurposeoftheassessmenttool(e.g.,entrepreneurialcompetences,personalitytraits oftheentrepreneur,innovationcapacity…)
FrameworkCompetence
Toconducttheanalysisofthemostrelevantcompetenceassessmenttools,weappliedthemethodology ofasystematicliteraturereview,inwhichwesearchedbothinacademicliteratureandingreyliterature. Asaresult,atotalof28entrepreneurialassessmenttoolswerefound,butoncetheexclusioncriteriawere applied, the number of available tools of our sample was reduced to eight. The main exclusion criteria weretobeabletoaccessthetoolonlineandcompletethetool.Toanalysetheassessmenttools,webuilt acodebookasshowninTable1.
Table 1. Code book used in the literature review.
Code Description
Number questionsof Numberofquestionsoritemsofthetest.Also,whetheritisvariableorfixed.
Taxonomy orcompetenceframeworkof referenceinwhichtheassessmenttoolhasrelied.
Time Expectedtimeneededtocompletethesurvey
Type of questions Openquestions,closedquestions,Likert-scales…
Feedback Feedbackprovidedtotheparticipantaftercompletingthesurvey.
Post-test Sameasbefore,askeduponcompletionofthesurvey.
2. Methodology
-6-
Instructions Instructions provided to the participant to answer the assessment. They could be related to theaimofthetest,thetime tocompletethesurvey,motivationalmessages,etc.
Author Author of the tool: individual, educational institution, business or other organisation who designedandimplementedthetool.
Versioning Whether several versions of the test exist, and if so, which one is used for the current analysis.
Students, employers,employees,entrepreneurs
-7-
Website No Yes
Tool Description Website Targetgroup Platform Registration Tested?
Thetesthasnotbeen found No
Notfound Notfound Notfound Notfound No
DevelopedbyBDC(BusinessDevelopmentBankof business.ItCanada).measurestheaptitude,motivationsanddrivetorunone’s entrepreneurial-potentialassessment-test-your-toolkit/business-assessments/self-tools/entrepreneur-https://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-
Developed to assess entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, fromInnovationEuropeanDevelopedandandattitudes,andmindsetsofstudentsfromprimary,secondarytertiarylevelofeducation.Theuseofthesetoolsbeforeafterthetrainingactionwererecommended.underASTEEproject,co-fundedbytheCommunity,theCompetitivenessandFrameworkProgramme(CIP),whichlastedDecember2012untilJune2014.
3. Repository of entrepreneurship assessment tools
ATC21SAssessmentandTeachingof21stcenturyskills SponsoredbyCiscoSystemsInc.,IntelCorporationand MicrosoftCorp. waysprojectteachingtechnologiesAim:toresearchanddevelopnewapproaches,methodsandformeasuringthesuccessof21st-centuryandlearninginclassroomsaroundtheworld.Theisfocusedondefiningtheseskillsanddevelopingtomeasurethem. http://www.atc21s.org/ Students Website.The test beenhasnotfound
Aquantitativeapproachtomeasure,trackandforecast innovationcapabilitywithinindividualsandorganisations. BasedonBMoEframework,whichidentifiesten behaviouralpatternsofsuccessfulentrepreneurs.
RATECOLLABO -
Notfound Notfound No(notfound)
Students levelsecondaryfromprimary,andtertiaryofeducation.
Table 2. Inventory of entrepreneurship competence assessment tools.
Index*InnovationBerkley
https://innovation-index.anvil.app/ Unspecified Website/app No Yes
assessment*self-potentialrialEntrepreneuBDC
Not Linkfound.toareportabouthowitwas rev.pdfye.dk/media/789196/astee-report-https://eng.ffe-developed:
ASTEE AssessmentToolsforEntrepreneurshipEducation
TM
Students Website.The test beenhasnotfound
DevelopedbyStefanLindstrom,consultant,andHans OlleFrummerin,psychologist.Testthatcategorisesan individualinoneofsixentrepreneurialprofilesor archetypesthatthetoolhasidentified.
Website Yes,it'sfree Yes
Entreintent
-8-
Catalyst*Enterprise
Aim:tomeasuremasteryineightcoredomainsthathave beenidentifiedascriticaltoentrepreneurialthinking. Itisaninstrumenttomeasureentrepreneurialmindset, andtheeightdomainsarecapturedwithLikertitemsand SituationalJudgementTests.
Tool Description Website Targetgroup Platform Registration Tested?
EntremetricMeasuringEntrepreneurialMindset
Youthg-Entrepreneurial-Mindset-in-content/uploads/2019/01/Measurinhttp://accelerationgroup.net/wp-Moreial-mindset/https://www.nfte.com/entrepreneurinfo:November2018.pdf
scaleorientationrialEntrepreneumindset
(EMI)indexrialEntrepreneumindset
Notfound Notfound Notfound Notfound No ProfilepreneurEntre-Test*
Thetesthasnotbeen found No
OriginallydevelopedbyDr.DavidJohnson,ithasbeen usedindifferentinstitutionsacrosstheUK.Thetest measurestheaspirations,attitudesandactivitiesof individualsinrelationtoanumberofentrepreneurial factors.
Web Registrationneeded. Notaccessed
https://entremetric.com/ Individuals,SBASmall BusinessDevelopment Centers(SBDCs),lending agencies, educationalincubators,programsand universities.
https://entrepreneurprofiletest.com/ Entrepreneurs,students, employees,employers, talentrecruiters...
k/https://www.enterprisecatalyst.co.u All entrepreneurs...students,kindofprofiles:employees,
Website Yes.It'sfree Yes
Notfound Notfound Notfound Notfound No
EntreMetric'sEQAisanonlineassessmentthatprovides quantitativeinformationabouthowwelltheassessment taker'sentrepreneurialmindsetalignswithsuccessful entrepreneursinfivestatisticallyderivedareas.TheEQA reportcontainsstatisticalandwrittenfeedbackaboutthe assessmenttaker'sentrepreneurialmindset.The assessmentisausefultooltoassesspeopleandprograms interestedinentrepreneurialmindsetsuchasstudentsand academicprograms,companieswantingtounderstand theirintrapreneurshipculture,startups,incubatorsand accelerators,smallbusinesslending,andleadership programs.
DevelopedbyTheNetworkforTeaching Entrepreneurship(NFTE)
Projectstartedin1999asajointresearchbetweenBabson College(USA)andLondonBusinessSchool(UK). Theycarryoutsurvey-basedresearchonentrepreneurship andentrepreneurshipecosystemsaroundtheworld. Theycollectdataonentrepreneurshipdirectly from individual Aggregatedentrepreneurs.tests.AllGEM
ESP EntrepreneurialSkillsPass Self-assessmenttoolofentrepreneurialcompetences. DevelopedundertheESPproject,fundedwithsupport fromtheEuropeanCommission,undertheLeonardoda VinciProgramme.
datacollectioniscentrally coordinated.GEMdataexpertsworkcloselywithNational Teamsandsurveyvendorstoguaranteethequalityofthe data.Allsurveysaresubjectto arangeofchecksbefore datacollectionbegins.Theresultingdataisscrutinised repeatedlybeforerelease.Theseprocesses,developedover
GEM GlobalEntrepreneurshipMonitor
Studentsaged15-19.The finalexamcanbetakenat theendofthelearning experience.
Tool Description Website Targetgroup Platform Registration Tested?
TeachersandHigher EducationInstitutions Website Yes Yes
-9-
Intheprojectafull-yearin-schoolprogrammeexperience wasimplementedtogetherwithanassessmentofthe entrepreneurialcompetencesandanexamination.
Tooldevelopedbyaconsultantcompany,targeting entrepreneursandotherindividuals.Thesurveyisbuilt uponacompetenceframeworkdevelopedbythecompany named“EntrepreneurCompetenceModel”.Thesurvey testsmotivation,personalcharacteristics,qualitiesor abilitiesandknowledgeandexperience.
Text*AssessmentrialEntrepreneuE-Scan
Web Registrationisneeded andtheuserreceivesa verificationcodeinorder toapplyascandidateor trainer. Thetestshouldbe takenoncethe participanthashad a experience.programtakenTheexperience.entrepreneurshiprealtestcannotbewithoutthe
EPICTool* TooldeveloperunderanEU-fundedproject.Itmeasures entrepreneurialcompetencesonstudentsbeforeandaftera course.ItisbasedonEntreCompframework.
https://www.gemconsortium.org/ Dataiscollectedfrom individualentrepreneurs. GEMdataandtoolscanbe usedby andentrepreneurs,policymakers,academics,sponsorsorganizations.
InternalGEM staffonly Notpossibletoregister andtakethetestbyyour own. Notpossibleto registerandtake thetestbyyour own.
Theaimwastodevelopacertificateforstudentsaged between15and19yearsoldthathadareal entrepreneurshipexperienceafterpassinganexamination.
ETECANotfound Notfound Notfound Notfound No
ss.eu/http://www.entrepreneurialskillspa
https://entrepreneurscan.com/ Unspecified Website Yes,it'sfree Yes
?destination=epic/dashboardhttps://heinnovate.eu/en/user/login
collectionenginepoweringGEMresearchis composedoftwocomplementarytools-theAdult PopulationSurvey(APS)andtheNationalExpertSurvey (NES).
Thereare4typesof fares:Freetrialfor30 days,Basicfor 4€/month,Standardfor 8€/month,andPlusfor 12€/month No(itisnotapredesignedtest,buta entrepreneurialthemfoundExamplesindividuals.thetoquestionsdeterminecanresearchersmanagerstoolforteachers,orwhofreelytheortasksbeperformedbygroupofcanbebutnoneofanalyse
https://www.guesssurvey.org/ Countryteamsoras universitypartners
Website/app Yes.Thetestislinkedto atraining,andthereis thepossibilitytopayfor thistraining. No
Durham*Get2Test DevelopedbyDurhamUniversityBusinessSchool,the testmeasurestheentrepreneurialcharacteristicsmost relatedtoentrepreneurialbehaviour:motivation,creative tendency,calculatedrisk-taking,andinternallocusof control. http://www.get2test.net/ Unspecified Website No Yes GUESS SurveyGlobalUniversityEntrepreneurialSpiritStudents’
Researchprojectaboutstudentsentrepreneurship.Every 2–3years,aglobaldatacollectionefforttakesplace.For everyparticipatingcountry,thereisoneresponsible countryteamwhichcoordinatesdatacollectioninthat country.
https://www.loopme.io/ Usersinthefieldsof education,management andresearch. ortheserviceCloud-basedusedonweb,tabletsmartphone
Tool Description Website Targetgroup Platform Registration Tested?
-10-
manyyears,ensurethatGEMdataisoftheveryhighest Thequality.data
LoopMe Formativeassessmenttoolthatallowsteacherstodesign anaction-basedlearningexperiencebybreakingitdown intomanageabletasksforstudents,creatingone-to-one dialogsbetweenteachersandlearners.
GoForth Canadianonlinetrainingplatformforentrepreneursthat includesseriesofshortinstructionalvideosthatcosts 16,25dollarspermonth.
raininghttps://www.goforthinstitute.com/t Entrepreneurs
Website ForthenextGUESSS editionin availableparticipateinformation2023,detailedabouthowtowillbesoon. No
OctoDashOctoSkills
App found)(not App(notfound) No(notfound)
https://eumtee.lut.fi/ Teachersinentrepreneurial training Website Yes,itisfree. Yes
Students education.ofhigher
AstudyledbyresearchersofdifferentEuropean universitieselaboratedatestofaperformanceassessment toinvestigatethe“OpportunityIdentification Competence”(OIC)ofstudentsinhighereducation.This instrumenthad2tasks: Task1relatedtobusinessopportunityideageneration andbasedontheinstrumentofCorbett(2007). Studentswereaskedtogenerateasmuchideasas possiblewithin10minutesonsustainable developmentafterreadingthecase.
Theinstrumenthasnotbeenfound althoughtheresearchpapersare ationment_test_OICAT_in_higher_educ_identification_competence_assessnd_application_of_the_opportunitycation/315664337_Development_ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publipublished:
OICAT AssessmentTowardsanOpportunityIdentificationCompetenceTest.
DevelopedbyLUTUniversity,measurestheimpactof entrepreneurshipeducationattheteachers’level.
MTEE* MeasurementToolforEntrepreneurialEducation
Website Anemailhastobesent totestthe entrepreneurialcompany’scapacity. No
Tool Description Website Targetgroup Platform Registration Tested? teachertheonvidualstudent/worker/inditasksarequestionnaire.throughcompetencesaTheyexamplesofthatacanperformtheirownundersupervisionofaorleader).
-11-
https://www.mindcette.com/ Companies
Notfound Notfound Notfound
Applicationtoolstoassessstudents’self-efficacyand entrepreneurialattitudesandintentions. DevelopedbytheDanishFoundationfor Entrepreneurship,basedontheEU-fundedASTEE project.
http://www.octoskills.com Teachers(OctoSkills)and departmentleadersof education (OctoDash)institutions
MINDCette -MINDCette.Dr.Shaver,researcherandprofessoratthe CollegeofCharleston(USA),developedawebsiteanda testforentrepreneurstoallowthemtoknowwherethey standondimensionsthatarerelatedtoentrepreneurial success.
SCALESNotfound Notfound Notfound Notfound No
SOCCES ProjectcoordinatedbyCoventryUniversity(UK) Consistsofdevelopingaframeworkandamethodology forassessmentoftwocompetencesimportantforworking life: SenseofInitiativeandEntrepreneurship Socialcompetences. TheprojectstartedinFebruary2015andfinishedin2017. Not _SKILLSOF_INITIATIVE_AND_SOCIALENTREPRENEURSHIP_SENSE__COMPETENCES_FOCUS_ON_ESSMENT_OF_TRANSVERSAL19/SOCCES_HANDBOOK_ASShttps://www.academia.edu/362571Handbook:found. Notfound Notfound Notfound No
Notfound Notfound Notfound No
https://skilloon.com/ Teachersandstudents Website Yes.Youcanalsoask forademoviaemail. No
Tool Description Website Targetgroup Platform Registration Tested?
ValoriseToi DevelopedbytheNationalWorkTeamofScoutset GuidesdeFrancewiththeaimofhelpingtoenhancethe valueoftheskillsgainedthroughvolunteering.Itconsists ingainingrecognitionintheuniversityandprofessional fieldsfortherichness,diversityandseriousnessofthe skillsacquiredandimplementedaroundtheroleof ResponsibleinScouting. Not _yourself_final_version.pdfcontent/uploads/2012/02/empowerhttp://euroscoutinfo.com/wp-Manual:found.
Task2relatedto evaluationofopportunitiesfortheir potentialtobecomeasuccessfulstart-up.Ten argumentswerepresented:fiveoftheminlinewith theprofileofanoviceentrepreneurand5ofan experiencedentrepreneur.Studentswereaskedto select5argumentstheythoughtthemostimportant when opportunitiesdeterminingthepotentialofbusinessinfiveminutes.
SKILLOON Personaltrainerplatformforstudentsthatincludes assessmenttools,activitiesandapersonalportfoliosystem forstudents.
-12-
SETNotfound Notfound Notfound Notfound No
*Toolshighlightedingreenhavebeentestedandanalysed.
Most ofthetoolsare basedon self-tailoredframeworkof entrepreneurialcompetences.OnlyEPICtool usesEntreCompasthereferenceentrepreneurshipcompetenceframework.
We analysed eight competence assessment tools in depth. Most of the tools that we accessed were developed in educational institutions and sometimes, in the framework of European funded projects. Other tools were developed by consulting companies aiming at providing tailored coaching or training services. Specifically, four of the tools (50%) are developed by educational institutions (BII, Get2Test, MTEE, EPIC) and the remaining four (50%) are developed by consulting companies or organisations whoseprimarytargetisentrepreneurs(BDC,EntrepreneurScan,EPT,E-CAT).
We also noticed that similar questions are distributed differently in different groupings, depending on thedimensionstructureoftheassessmenttool.Also,thenamingofthesedimensionsdifferedacrossthe tools. Consequently, we found it difficult to compare the different assessment tools in terms of dimensionsthatwerecoveredandtheparticularcompetencesthattheyaddressed.
CompetenceFrameworks
Targetgroup
4. Results
Asfollows,wesummarisethemainresultsoftheanalysis2 .
Design
2 Thecurrentexecutivesummarypresentsasummaryofthefindingsoftheliteraturereview.Formoreinformation, thereadercanaccessthefullpaperthatiscurrentlyunderreview.Please,seethecontactauthor.
Mostofthesurveyswerebasedonself-assessmentquestions,withanswersinaLikertscale.Sinceselfassessment can lead to biases, some tools use different types of questions, combining self-assessment itemswithafewquestionsbasedonsituationaljudgementscenarios.Thenumberofitemswasbetween
It was observed that the tools that are designed in the context of educational institutions are mainly targetedtostudentsorteachers,whiletoolsdevelopedbycompaniesorconsultantstargetentrepreneurs and individuals or teams. Although this seems obvious, given the different contexts in which each tool hasbeendeveloped,wecanalsoinferapotentialgapbetweeneducationalinstitutionsandbusinesses.If educationalinstitutionsalsotargetrealentrepreneursorintrapreneurialemployees,start-ups,businesses andorganisationscouldbenefitfromthis.
It was observed thatthe assessment tools tend toevaluate personality traits of theentrepreneur, such as motivation, creativity, perseverance,risk-taking, or interpersonal skills. Thismight be explained bythe early research on entrepreneurship which tried to findcorrelations between entrepreneurialsuccessand the traits of the entrepreneurs. Other surveys, such as E-CAT, go beyond these traits by including entrepreneurialintentions,entrepreneurial behavioursand engagement in entrepreneuriallearning. This is also observed in EPIC, which also adds readiness for business creation assessment -intentions- and venturecreationassessment-behaviours-.
-13-
Most of the tools that were assessed do not provide published validation of the surveys, which means thatthedimensionalstructureofthetoolandthenumberofitemsmayneedfurtherrefinement.Someof the surveys have collected a high number of answers and then, they provide a comparison of the participants’resultswiththeaveragepopulationintheirgeneralscoreandineachofthesubdimensions. Although this might be informative, the participant should be aware that the mean score of all other participants might not be relevant if the answers have high variability. Furthermore, such comparisons should be made with similar target groups (i.e., by age, educational background or gender), but this is notprovidedeither.
In summary, more research needs to be conducted on assessing entrepreneurial competences by identifying a common framework of entrepreneurial competences, as proposed under the EntreComp framework, and designing and validating the corresponding survey. Standardization and normalisation todifferenttargetgroupsofsuchtools,asdoneinthefieldofpsychology,wouldhelpadvancethecurrent understandingoftheentrepreneurialcapacitiesofindividuals.
30and109andtheestimatedtimewasmostlybelow15’,exceptforsomecaseswithestimatedtimeuntil 30’.
-14-
Validation
Lindstrom,S.,(2010).EntrepreneurProfileTest. https://entrepreneurprofiletest.com/ LUTUniversity(2020).MeasurementtoolforEntrepreneurshipEducation(MTEE). https://eumtee.lut.fi/
EPIC. Entrepreneurial Potential and Innovation Competences. A course assessment tool. A Guide to using EPIC on HEInnovate https://heinnovate.eu/en/user/signJohnsonin?destination=en/epic/dashboardD.(2022).EnterpriseCatalyst.https://www.enterprisecatalyst.co.uk/
Bacigalupo,M.,Kampylis,P.,Punie,Y.,&VandenBrande,G.(2016). EntreComp: The entrepreneurship competence framework.PublicationOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,10,593884. BerkeleyInnovationIndex(2022).https://innovationindex.berkeley.edu/ BusinessDevelopmentBankofCanada(BDC).(2022).
HEInnovateEntrepreneurCaird,tools/entrepreneur-toolkit/business-assessments/self-assessment-test-your-entrepreneurial-potentialhttps://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-S.(2022).GET2test.http://www.get2test.net/Scan.(2022)https://entrepreneurscan.com/blog/skills-abilities-knowledge-competencies/(s.d.).
-15-
5. References
Disclaimer: The information and views set out in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
