Hot topics the bioeconomy by Christina Taylor

CAB ABSTRACTS HOT TOPIC:

The Bioeconomy Many of the world’s resources are finite, and a growing world population is putting pressure on those that remain. We need to transition to a bio-based economy which contributes to sustainable and resource-efficient solutions to reduce our dependence on natural resources yet meet the food and energy demands of a growing population. CAB Abstracts database covers all aspects of bio-based products – with a focus on those from agricultural and forestry sources. The bioeconomy is a global industry and could significantly strengthen the economy of developing countries; this aspect is reflected in our database coverage.

CAB Abstracts comprehensively covers hot topics that matter CAB Abstracts sources the world literature to provide the complete picture on the status of the bioeconomy including information on: • Bioenergy: dedicated biomass crops and forestry and agricultural wastes are suitable feedstocks for the production of fuel and energy. Miscanthus as cellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. Biotechnology Journal, 2015 Redefining agricultural residues as bioenergy feedstocks. Materials, 2016 • Chemicals and pharmaceuticals: wastes commonly discarded from the agricultural, forestry and food industries could be used for the production of value-added products. Forest biorefinery: potential of poplar phytochemicals as valueadded co-products. Biotechnology Advances, 2015 Microbial-processing of fruit and vegetable wastes for production of vital enzymes and organic acids: biotechnology and scopes. Environmental Research, 2016

• Food and feed: agricultural, forestry and food wastes could be transformed into animal feed and used in the food industry to produce food products and environmentally friendly packaging solutions. Approaches such as the use of insects as an alternative protein source for human food and animal feed offer another solution. Edible insects are the future? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2016 Valorisation of food waste to produce new raw material for animal feed. Food Chemistry, 2016 • Developing countries and the bioeconomy: the bioeconomy could play a significant role in accelerating the economy of developing countries. Bioenergy and African transformation. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015 Production of renewable cellulose nanopaper from culinary banana (Musa AAB) peel and its characterization. Industrial Crops and Products, 2016

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23 Regional Collaboration in Community-based Mountain Tourism in World Heritage Sites: The Ifugao Rice Terraces of the Cordillera Central Mountains in the Philippines 1

Jovel Ananayo1* and Harold Richins2 Ifugao State University, Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines; 2 Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada

Introduction This chapter examines the role of tourism development on the conservation of world heritage sites, focusing on the Ifugao Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras. These terraces, bounded by rugged peaks, are located within the Cordillera Central Mountains on the northern part of the island of Luzon, in the northernmost region of the Philippines archipelago (see Fig. 23.1). The interrelationship between tourism development and world heritage site conservation are explored by analysing the tourism programme of the Save the Ifugao Terraces Movement (SITMo), which was intended to help conserve the Ifugao world heritage sites. This case study includes a description of a locally developed method in addressing long-term conservation and community development issues within a world heritage cultural site. The case acknowledges, in the context of its broader plan, the background and approach in developing locally based tourism within the region (Drost, 1995; Borges et al., 2011; Ananayo, 2014). This includes the SITMo Eco-Cultural

Tourism Program. An important aspect of this programme has involved substantial collaboration, communication and engagement of key groups in the development, operation and management of the tours and their resulting outcomes. There were a few weaknesses in the development process and implementation; however, outcomes were generally constructive. These outcomes are described in this case study, including economic outcomes and contributions, environmental outcomes and contributions, and contribution to cultural conservation. This case first examines SITMo’s tourism activities, in order to provide an understanding of the development approach. After reviewing the tourism activities and providing a brief description of the SITMo model, SITMo’s approach to community-based tourism and how it is translated into actual operations is examined, by looking into the stakeholder cooperative that was implemented to advance the tourism programme. The findings indicate that the current, as well as the envisioned, stakeholder cooperative is largely similar to stakeholder cooperation advocated for sustainable tourism

* Corresponding author: jovelfrancis_ananayo@yahoo.com

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