CHRISTOPHER GHOUSE u3035081730 THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCH4001 CHRISTIAN LANGE WINTERSEMESTER, 2013
INDEX OF EXERCISES
Serial Architectures | Systems of Multiplicities: Rethinking Podium - Tower Urbanism
1.1 WHAMPOA GARDEN Site Analysis page 14, 21, 30-32 (1.2 BUILDING CODE excluded) 1.3 CUBE HOUSES BY PIET BLOM Case Study Analysis page 37-42 2.1 ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN SYSTEMS Indroduction to Rule + Code based principles page 5-9, 11 2.2 SYSTEMEMS FOR LIVING High density enviroments page 10, 12, 16 2.3 WHAMPOA GARDEN 2 Proposal for new housing enviroments page 15, 17-19, 22-29, 33-35
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90̊
90̊
90̊
B A
D C
SPATIAL ORGANISATION AB - BC - BB
URBAN FARBIC A - AB, B(´) - B`, 2B´ - CA´,CA´- B´´A´´, C - B´
TOWER TRANSFORMATION ABCD; 90° rotation
SPATIAL ORGANISATION AB - BC - BB
A1 BI BII C1 BIII BIV
frame = i.e. max. building volume; relationship of ‘random’ programatic spaces A1, C1 to unit types BI-IV for spatial analysis
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8
V.1 intersecting line enviroments, both medium grain with line enviroment, rough grain
V.2 line enviroment, fine grain with intersecting point enviroment, fine grain and line enviroment, rough grain
V.3 line enviroment with an inbetween space filled by point enviroment, fine grain
V.4 point envirment, fine grain with an inbetween space filled by line envirmoment, medium grain
URBAN FARBIC A - AB, B(´) - B`, 2B´ - CA´,CA´- B´´A´´, C - B´
AB
BI
CAI
BIIAI
urban fabric
facade; units, voids and tower connections
9
10 Fig. - Elevation side A.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
1.00
0.40
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.80
0.00
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.00
TOWER TRANSFORMATION ABCD; 90° rotation
Fig. - Test section. right: Fig. - Elevations of tower variations, from left to right: v.1, v.2, v.3, v.4, v.5, v.6.
A
B
C
D
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12 Fig. - Elevation side B, 'wave pattern' overlaying the site.
15 10 5 0 floor height 3m X1
X2
X3
X4
Y1 Y3 Y5 Y7 Y9 Y2 Y3 Y6 Y8 Y...
grid for unit types
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10
grid for movement top and bottom
X11
X12
X13
X14
X15
14 + NAME OF THE HOUSING ESTATE Whampoa Garden
+ AMOUNT OF SQ.FT PER INHABITANT About 106 sq.ft
+ FUNCTION Private residential housing, community facilities, primary and secondary schools, commercial complexes
+ RATIO BETWEEN COMMERCIAL SPACE AND INHABITANTS 4,59 million sq.ft3.; about 91 sq.ft/ inhabitant
+ ADDRESS Whampoa Garden, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong + ESTATE OWNER Hutchison Whampoa Limited1 + ARCHITECT Wong & Ouyang
+ AVERAGE PRICE PER SQ.FT (2013) 9.000-10.000 HKD/sq.ft. with peak of 15.000 HKD/ sq.ft.4 + TOWER TYPES 2 + AMOUNT OF LIFTS PER TOWER 2
+ BUILDINGS PERIOD 1985 - 1991
+ FLAT TYPES 7 spatial classifications with overall 13 basic flat types
+ SITE AREA 2.003.988 sq.ft.2
+ MAX HEIGHT OF CONSTRUCTION (m) 52m2
+ AMOUNT OF TOWERS 88 distributed over 12 sites
+ MAX HEIGHT OF TOWER (m) 45m
+ AMOUNT OF FLATS 9.756
Footnotes: 1 http://www.hwpg.com/en/properties/p72.asp 2 http://www.ozp.tpb.gov.hk 3 http://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/highdensity-from-the-ground 4 http://en.homeprice.com.hk/building/Whampoa_ Garden/Phase_1_Block_1/10/
+ AMOUNT OF INHABITANTS About 50.000 + AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD 5
Fig. - Whampoa Garden while construction, around 1990.
WHAMPOA GARDEN Site Ties
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Leisure Hutchinson Park. 24hrs open. Pivot point.
EX
TE
EX
TE
TE
NE
XT
EN
SIO
NE
NS
XT
IO
EN
NE
NS
SIO
IO
XT
EN
SIO
NE
XT
EN
SIO
N
NE
X
<m < m in. ax 334 .5 20 mete me r > ter >
NE
NE XT <m EN SIO < m in. NE ax 293 .6 XT 10 mete EN me r > SIO ter NE >
XT
XT
eund r. tly ren harbou r u c e and ong th ier al ry P area r e F ped t velo t poin o Piv
Fig. - Figure ground plan with the Whampoa Garden site cut out and site ties indicated. right: Fig. - Arial of Whampoa Garden
< Hung Hom Ferry Pier to North Point
TE < H NEXTE NS IO NE Bu ung NSIO XT TE N s EX EN Ho EXT R NS T o SIO IO EN EN ute m NE N S S Sta IO IO EX XT N N t TE EN EX ion EXBus Terminus NS SIO TE T EN IO NS NE NE S IO withIONupcoming XT XT NE EN EX XT SIO O ENSIO TE MRT station. EN NS NE Sit utl SIO NE IO XT e a in X N NE One pivot point rea e TE EN EX XT NS SIO ap W T EN EN pro ha IO for proposal. N SIO NE SIO x. EX <h 18 mp X N T NE TE EN 6.0 o EX XT igh NS 00 a SIO TE EN sqm G IO N N fre ard NE SIO SIO EX qu X N T N en TE EN EX en N SIO TE SIO ted N N SIO NE EX roa XT NE TE d> EN NS XT SIO IO EN EX
1000meter
IO
< Ma high in roa frequ d p en er v ted adi roa ng d the > site EX
Older urban fabric. Regulated hight due former airport Kai-Tak. max.52m
NS
EN
SIO
NE
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SIO
EN
N
EN
SIO
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Kowloon Bay
Leisure Tai Wan Shan Park. Swimming pool Pivot point.
ent lopm ower deve T h rise andmark ig h New urfront L o b r Ha 233m
The urban fabric towards the north-west shows a liniar development with a maximum building height of 52 meter. A regulation, which dates back to the former aiport Kai-Tak. The same maximum height applies to the Whampoa Garden estate, with its 16 floors of living and 1-2 floor podium. A new development in the south-east, the Harbourfront Landmark suddenly breaks this continuous height with a tower of 233 meter. Orthogonally to these two distinctive urban formations, in the north-east two recreation areas are located, while in the south-west a higher frequented road is located. These four points create two axes that define the basis for the project: north-west to south-east and north-east to south-west. The main developent in north-west to south-east, with the new tower proposal, that varies in height (top and bottom) and a programatic axis in northeast to south-west. Here as a first measure two stripes of forest are planed, to connect the parks with the pier and the currently undeveloped area along the harbor on the one hand and on the other to create a juxtaposition with the higher frequented road that runs along the boarder of the site.
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Regular vs. irregular formations The array of high density towers (formations 0.00-1.00) create an inbetween space, that allows this space to develop freer. Smaler plots should provide diversity, indetermination is desirable. The towers form a vertical city. The layering as in the current podium tower typology becomes a mix of living, businesses and cultural and social spaces.
WHAMPOA GARDEN 2 New Fabric
Distances The liniar tower formations are following the existing fabric. The resulting ‘gaps‘ form therby an inbetween spaces with the regular distances of: 46.8 meter, 85.8 meter and 109.2 meter.
Interweaving Applying the grid for the streets, a situation: Street - House - ‘Garden’ is created. Further four tower typlogies are introduced. These, all aligned towards the street, start to interweave with the ‘Garden‘ space - the inbetween space.
Free Plots, Differen scale With the towers guaranting the high density enviroment, this inbetween space with its plots can be uses freer and in differnt ways (see Inbetween Space V.1-4, p.17-24). From trying out different living, business, or cultural and social typologies to a ‘programmes’ that deals i.e. with street furniture, plants charts or time ect. The created plots become overlayed with a system similar used in Exersice 2.1 (see Urban Fabric, p.6-7). The scale of one of these system-grids has thereby the size of the smallest business unit: 3.9m, which is half of the used grid system - 7.8 x 7.8m - for the tower structure.
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GENERATING SPACE Slab Deformation
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The towers follow the structural system of 7.8 x 7.8m. A critic point towards the existing Podium Towers is on the one hand the existing layering in commercial and living in top of this and on the other the continuous repetion of the mall itself. The anticipated design aims rather than a layering of programmes towards a vertical city. Therefor the single towers become an stripe that connects all of them on various levels of the tower. The width if this stripe takes up one module of the grid - 7.8m. Along this stripe differnt kinds of busnisses of all sizes can allocate themself and create a new/different kind of neighbourhood. Where no connetion between towers exist, privacy is heigher and again different means for communication between neighbours can be established. Where the tower gets pervaded by cultural or social space the slab is getting deformed (see rendering above and sketch left). This deformation effects the living units. One unit, 1000 times or more repeated become so unique.
STATISTIC DATA 2011 Population Census
Fig. - Selected statistic data on Whampoa Garden. Statistical analysis done by Ze (Yichai) Chen.
HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS [Members per Household]
6 5 4 3 2 1 500
1000
RESIDENTS STATUS
Others Housewives
Retired
1500
[Numbers of Households]
SPOKEN LANGUAGES
WHERE RESIDENTS WORK
English Others
Abroad
Other Chinese dialects
8%
2500
2000
5%
6% 2%
7%
New Territories
6%
Freelance Kowloon
4% 24.5%
12.5% 52%
16%
Employed Whampoa Garden area
18%
Students
87%
Cantonese
13.5% 23.5% 15%
At Home
Hong Kong Island
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INBETWEEN SPACE V.1
22
23
INBETWEEN SPACE V.2
24
25
INBETWEEN SPACE V.3
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27
INBETWEEN SPACE V.4
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TOWER TYPOLOGY Evolution of the Core
Tower Entrance 45° Evolution B
Tower Entrance 90° Evolution A
Kitchen unit now plugged to the tower core. The bath unit(s) stay at their position looking towards the narrow gash. The flats flexibility has risen, but the potential is not being used.
Kitchen and bath(s) form a unit looking towards the narrow gash. Claiming one side of the flat, the space next to the tower core is merely left - isolated from the rest of the flat.
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TOWER TYPOLOGY Evolution of the Core
Fig. - Top view renderings of two regular floor plans from Whampoa Garden; showing the evolution of the tower core while the estates construction period from 1985 to 1991.
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FLAT TYPOLOGY Classification
Type 1 Flat A-A´ 439-469ft2 715 units
Type 2 Flat B-B´ 551-597ft2 1278 units
Type 3 Flat A-A´ 682ft2 255 units
Type 4 Flat A-A´ 688-852ft2 270 units
Fig. - Flat typologies, according to spatial organisation. Itemisation see below. Red cross indicating the centre of the tower.
C of en t T o re w p er o in
t
Type 2 Flat A-A´ 351-558ft2 1445 units
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S = 1:500 B
K D
L
Type 5 Flat A-A´ 577-788ft2 552 units
D K
Type 5 Flat B-B´ 1104ft2 45 units
B
B
B
B
B
L
L
L
Type 5 Flat C-C´ 646-1107ft2 933 units
B
B
L
D
D K
L
K
Type 6 Flat C-C´ 732-869ft2 600 units
Type 6 Flat D-D´ 776-973t2 3240 units
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
D
L K
B
Type 6 Flat B-B´ 1107ft2 90 units
B B
B K
L
Type 6 Flat A-A´ 805-888ft2 90 units
B
D
D K
B
D L
D
B
K
B
B
K B
L
B
B
B
Type 7 Flat A-A´ 1033ft2 150 units
B B B
B K L
L D
D
D K
K
L
D K
Though the core of the tower changes throughout the contruction period and with that the possibility of introducing a new spatial layout for the flat, the floor plans stay the same. The possibility of giving the floor plans a greater truth is omitted. These plans show the organisation of a flat, that often does not match up the reality of the inhabitants. A 'classical family' inhabitation, as by these plans suggested, is often not the case. With keeping the 'infrastrucural elements' of an flat in an array together, a larger, free usable space could be created from that the hole members living in the flat would benefit. The options for such a possbile floor plan are already given by the Tower - Evolution A and get further enhanced in Tower - Evolution B by adding the kitchen to the core of the tower. Howerver an adaptation of the floor plan to meet the needs of the inhabitants is not taken.
Type 1-7 Flat z-z´ (´Mirroring flat) Type 1 - 1 Bed room - 1 Bath room - 0 Storage room - 0 Dressing room Type 2 - 2 Bed room - 1 Bath room - 0 Storage room - 0 Dressing room Type 3 - 2 Bed room - 1 Bath room - 1 Storage room - 0 Dressing room Type 4 - 2 Bed room - 2 Bath room - 1 Storage room - 0 Dressing room Type 5 - 3 Bed room - 2 Bath room - 0 Storage room - 0 Dressing room Type 6 - 3 Bed room - 2 Bath room - 1 Storage room - 0 Dressing room Type 7 - 3 Bed room - 2 Bath room - 1 Storage room - 1 Dressing room
FLAT TYPOLOGY Whampoa Garden 2
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Basic flat typologies, for easy repetition. Infrastructure on one side, leading to free, adoptable space for the inhabitant. The maisonette to enhance options for use; one floor living one floor small business, ect. 1 - Basic/Deep Tower with the public stripe within. 2 - Slim Tower with convertible outdoorspaces public, semi- public. 3 - Connection Tower with private terraces.
1
2
3
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35 Fig. -3d print, arial view other side Fig. -3d print, top view
CUBE HOUSES Piet Blom. Helmond and Rotterdam, Netherlands
+ NAME OF THE HOUSING ESTATE Cube Houses, redevelopment of Oude Haven
+ AMOUNT OF SQ.FT PER INHABITANT 25 m2 (269 sq.ft)
+ FUNCTION Residential housing, community complex, commercial complexes
+ AVERAGE PRICE PER m2 18.000 HKD/m2
+ ADDRESS Overblaak 70, 3011 MH Rotterdam, Netherlands + COMMISSIONER Municipality of Rotterdam + ARCHITECT Piet Blom + BUILDINGS PERIOD 1974 - 1984 Rotterdam First draft: 1978 Construction: 1982 - 1984 Renovation: 1998 + SITE AREA 6.000 m2 (64.583 sq.ft.) + AMOUNT OF CUBES 38 cubes housing and 3 megacubes + AMOUNT OF INHABITANTS Maximun 4 persons per Cube, max. 152 inhabitants + AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD 4
+ FLAT TYPES 1 + COMMERCIAL SPACES 7 small (18m2), 7 big (70m2) + MAX HEIGHT OF CONSTRUCTION (m) 22m + MAX HEIGHT OF CUBE HOUSES (m) About 15m + MATERIAL Floor and pillar Reinforced concrete Skeletton cube Pinewood (14cm) + PARKING On the Street, no parking garage due to complicated ground conditions References: - Hengeveld, Jaap. Piet Blom's Rotterdam. New life at the Old Harbour - Hengeveld, Jaap. Piet Blom Monograph - http://www.kubuswoning.nl/introkubuseng.html
"Importance of abolishing the separation between culture - ´the special´ - and habitation - ´the ordinary´. The vision for an ´urban roof´, with a design that interweaves the special and the ordinary." (Piet Blom)
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HIERARCHIES Blaak bridging
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STRUCTURE Taking a simple geometric form - a cube. The rotation on its tip has several ramifications. Besides on the one hand generating interesting spaces and at the same time creating spaces that require highly specific furnititure, the outline of the 3rd floor - a honeycomb form - supports the replication of the unit. Height of the birdge approx. 6,5m above street level. PROGRAMME Orange. 38 cubes housing - ´the ordinary´; 102m2 per cube Purple. 3 megacubes; partly comercial, culture ´the special´ Moss green. Small commercial spaces Red. Noise barrier; protecting inhabitants and bridge for street-level noise (70dB) HIERARCHIES Streetlevel Car Subway Tramway Bikelane Pedestrian Bridge Entrance to Cube houses Cultural spaces Commercial spaces Housing 38 Flats for max. 4 persons
TREE HOUSE TYPOLOGY Verticality and Facade
0m
7,5
Fig. - Cube houses while contruction. Mounting of the wooden frames, the continuous concrete slab of the 3rd floor is clearly visible at this stage.
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TREE HOUSE TYPOLOGY Spatial Organisation
S = 1:200
STORAGE
6m2
ENTRANCE
0
10m
LIVING AREA Street House
SLEEPING AREA Heaven House
ATTIC CONSERVATORY Green Hut
24m2
60m2
18m2