Hundreds of Stories from the Land of Chamchuree by Chulalongkorn University

One Hundred Years of Chula

Foreword

The exhibition “Hundreds of Stories from the Land of the Chamchuree: One Hundred Years of Chula,” is part of the celebrations for the centenary of the establishment of Chulalongkorn University, which is imminent. It presents hundreds of stories which depict two major issues—the first being the development of the University from its beginnings to the present and the second being involved with the continued role of Chulalongkorn University in the development of Thai society. These hundreds of stories consist of the following. The 1st to the 9th stories are concerned with laying the foundations and the birth of the University, which was directly responding to the demands of Thai society. Initially, it was meant to assist the reform of the country’s administrative system and later it was expanded to include the development of other sectors in Thai society. The 10th to the 17th stories depict the benevolence that all the Kings of the Chakri Dynasty have bestowed upon the University, starting with King Chulalongkorn who founded the institution from which the University took its inspiration to other members of the royal family who have served as royal lecturers at the University. The 18th to the 21st stories show the development of Chulalongkorn University during the first two decades as it was developing and adjusting to become a university at the international level in aspects of administration as well as in teaching and learning, and, particularly, elevating the status of certificate programmes to degree level. The 22nd to 31st stories detail how the government’s policy on nation building affected the expansion of Chulalongkorn University so that it might cater to the needs for knowledgeable people in a greater variety of academic disciplines. This section also deals with the role and important activities of students that laid a strong foundation for their part in the country’s development later on. The 32nd to 49th stories are involved with the expansion of different fields of knowledge, which originated with the founding of different Faculties that have eventually evolved to all the Faculties available at present. The production of graduates in different academic principles reflects the vital role of the University in developing nearly all aspects of Thai society. One Hundred Years of Chula

The 50th to 54th stories present the role of the University as a pioneer in many areas of technology in Thai society, particularly in Information Technology. The 55th to 63rd are involved with the stories and ideologies of Chulalongkorn University students who have presented the guidelines and support for the political and administrative system as well as for a social development appropriate for the country. The 64th to 70th stories present the role of Chulalongkorn University in providing solutions to social problems, both continuing and immediate, particularly those related to rural development and creating equal chances for all in society. The 71st to 76th stories show how the University has led Thai society to the international scene in different forms and through different means. The 77th to 90th stories show how the University has served as a source of specific knowledge through its organizing of museums relating to various subjects. The 91st to 99th stories present how the University supports the Thai identity and promotes Thai art and culture. The 100th story deals with the works of respected people and alumni who are compared to the blossoms of the Chamchuree and who have excelled in different fields. (This part will be changed and alternated and, at times, people will be added to this group). The 101st story presents the story of the first royal studentâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, the first princess to be a student of Chulalongkorn University. As an alumnus of the University, she has led the University towards its second century by being committed to its mission and responsibility to Thai society. It is not possible to cover all aspects of the development of the University and its role in the development of Thai society during the past one hundred years in detail. What is presented in this exhibition must thus mainly focus on the starting point, the times of change or stories that are widely known to the public. The Office of Art and Culture 3

One Hundred Years of Chula

Table of Contents

The First Exhibition Area: Saplings of the Chamchuree—towards the Land of the Intellects Number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

The Royal Intent.............................................................................................................10 Reform of the Administrative System: Foundation for the Birth of Chulalongkorn University..............................................................................................10 The Royal Pages’ School and the Birth of Chulalongkorn University..................11 From the Royal Pages’ School to King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants’ School....................................................................................................12 The Head Quarters Building.........................................................................................13 King Vajiravudh’s Speech at the Ceremony for Laying the Foundation Stone of the Headquarters Building...........................................................................................14 Elevating King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants’ School to Chulalongkorn University..............................................................................................14 The Cornerstone of the Capital City..........................................................................15 The First Four Faculties at Chulalongkorn University.............................................16 Phra Kiew........................................................................................................................17 The Royal Monument of King Chulalongkorn and King Vajiravudh......................18 Royal Patronage.............................................................................................................19 Academic Gowns: Intellectual Adornments..............................................................19 The First Graduation Ceremony..................................................................................20 Somdech Phrachao Boromwongther Chaofah Chudhadhujdharadilok Krom Khun Phetchabune Indhrachai (H.R.H. The Prince of Phetchabun)................21 Somdech Phra Mahitaladhibesra Adulyadejvikrom Phra Boromrajjanaka (H.R.H. The Prince of Songkhla)....................................................................................22 Somdech Phrachao Phinangther Chaofah Galayani Vadhana Krom Luang Narathivat Rajanagarindra (H.R.H. Princess Galayani Vadhana)..............................23 The Planning Committee of Chulalongkorn University...........................................24 From Commissioner to Rector/President..................................................................25 Adjustment of the Curricula at Bachelor’s Level....................................................25 The First Group of Foreign Lecturers..........................................................................26 Chulalongkorn University during the Period of Nation Building............................28 Triam Udom Suksa School at Chulalongkorn University........................................29 Ownership of the Land Presented to the University by King Vajiravudh............29

One Hundred Years of Chula

The Second Exhibition Area: Growing Strong to Become the Chamchuree Number 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54.

The Birth of the University’s Residential Halls........................................................33 The Birth of the Students’ Club..................................................................................33 The First Women Students...........................................................................................33 The First Batch of Female Graduates.........................................................................34 The Beginning of Residential Halls for Women Students.......................................34 From Activities to Traditions........................................................................................34 The First Student Assembly When “Democracy Was Blooming”.........................36 The Expansion of Academic Disciplines at Chulalongkorn University..................36 The Development of the First Four Faculties..........................................................37 The Faculty of Architecture..........................................................................................39 The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences...................................................................40 The Faculty of Veterinary Science..............................................................................41 The Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy...........................................................41 The Faculty of Dentistry...............................................................................................42 The Faculty of Law........................................................................................................42 The Faculty of Education.............................................................................................43 The Graduate School.....................................................................................................43 The Faculty of Communication Arts..........................................................................44 The Faculty of Economics............................................................................................44 The Faculty of Nursing..................................................................................................45 The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences.......................................................................45 The Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts........................................................................46 The Faculty of Psychology...........................................................................................46 The Faculty of Sports Science.....................................................................................47 The School of Agricultural Resources........................................................................47 Early Stages of the Computing System......................................................................48 Application of the Computing System to Student Registration............................48 Chulalongkorn University Library Information Network (Chulalinet)....................48 CU Writer.........................................................................................................................49 Thailand’s First Work Unit to Be Connected to the Internet System..................49

One Hundred Years of Chula

The Third Exhibition Area: the Branches of the Chamchuree Number 55. Student Rallies Demanding the Return of Thai Territory in French Indochina...........................................................................................................52 56. The Second World War Monument: the Landscape of Memories.......................53 57. Chulalongkorn University Students and the Anti-Government Protests during the Coup d’Etat.............................................................................................................54 58. Agreement to Produce Administrative Officers for Thai Society...........................54 59. Ideologies for the Masses.............................................................................................55 60. Chulalongkorn Students and the General Election of 1957..................................55 61. Chulalongkorn Student Campaign against Japanese Merchandise.......................56 62. Being Alert to the Country’s Problems and Demanding a Constitution Prior to the October 14th, 1973 Political Uprising.................................................................57 63. Project for the Promotion of Democracy for People in Rural Areas....................57 64. Pioneering Students’ Voluntary Camps.....................................................................58 65. The Yuva Visavakorn Borpit (The King’s Young Engineers’) Camp........................59 66. Chulalongkorn University and Solutions to Problems in Thai Society : the Tsunami....................................................................................................................61 67. Chulalongkorn University and the Mitigation of the Great Floods in Bangkok and the Vicinity.......................................................................................................................63 68. Academic Services to the Public.................................................................................66 69. Chulalongkorn University and the Expansion of Equal Educational Opportunities to Rural Areas and the Support of Students with Special Talents to Study at Chulalongkorn University..............................................................................................69 70. Granting Scholarships....................................................................................................70 71. SEATO Graduate School of Engineering: a Step towards International Programmes.....................................................................................................................71 72. Production of Master’s Degree Graduates in Business Administration in the Age of Globalization..............................................................................................................72 73. Publicizing “Thainess” on the International Scene.................................................73 74. Management of South-East Asian Studies.................................................................73 75. Management of the Study of Other Regions............................................................74

One Hundred Years of Chula

The Fourth Exhibition Area: Flowers/Products of the Chamchuree Number 76. Promoting International Relations: Foreign Leadersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Visits to Chulalongkorn University....................................................................................76 77. The Museum of the Human Body....................................................................80 78. The Vach Vidyavaddhana Museum..................................................................81 79. Chulalongkorn University Memorial Hall.........................................................82 80. The International Tipitaka Hall..........................................................................82 81. The Tai-Kadai Museum........................................................................................83 82. The Museum of Natural Medicine....................................................................84 83. The Museum of Imaging and Printing Technology.........................................85 84. The Museum of Animal Parasitology................................................................85 85. The Museum of Geology....................................................................................86 86. The Professor Kasin Suvatabhandhu Herbarium............................................86 87. The Museum of Natural History........................................................................87 88. Daraphirom Palace..............................................................................................88 89. Phra Chudhadhuj Ratchasthan on Si Chang Island........................................89 90. The Cholatassanasthan Museum......................................................................91 91. The Resource for a Diversity of Knowledge about Thai Art and Culture............................................................................................91 92. The Chamchuree Art Gallery.............................................................................92 93. The Art Center at the Center of Academic Resources.................................93 94. The Birth of the National Thai Language Day.................................................93 95. Thai-Styled Houses of Chulalongkorn University...........................................94 96. The Thai Digital Music Library at Chulalongkorn University.........................95 97. The Pipat Dukdambun Orchestra......................................................................96 98. The CU Musical Band..........................................................................................97 99. Chulalongkorn University Symphony Orchestra under the Royal Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Galayani Vadhana Krom Luang Narathivat Rajanagarindra.......................................................................................................98 100. Flowers/Products of the Chamchuree.............................................................99 101. The Royal Student.............................................................................................116

One Hundred Years of Chula

“The First Exhibition Area: ส่วthe นจัดSaplings แสดงที่ ๑ofต้the นกล้Chamchuree: าจามจุรี สู่ผืนtowards ดินแห่งปัญ theญา Land of the Intellects”

One Hundred Years of Chula

Royal Intent in Providing Education for the General Public 1. The Royal Intent

“Members of the royal family; from my children to people in the lowest part of society will be given an equal opportunity to education. It does not matter whether they are aristocrats or commoners. Therefore, I wish to state here that education in our country will be my priority and that I will try to promote to its success.” King Chulalongkorn’s speech delivered at a gathering of members of the royal family and officials during his visit to Phra Tamnak Suan Kularb School in 1884.

Founding Chulalongkorn University is Creating Intellectuals.

2. Reform of the Administrative System: Foundation for the Birth of Chulalongkorn University 1892 King Chulalongkorn had the country’s administrative system reformed in 1892, resulting in the founding of ministries to replace the four administrative sectors under the Chatusadom System. The Reform required a number of knowledgeable and able people. However, the King looked at the traditional practice of recruiting personnel to serve in the civil office where young boys from good families would start their civil service career by serving as pages in the royal court. Then they would be appointed, by royal command, to serve in different divisions or departments outside the court. Therefore, the Reform of the Administrative System initiated by King Chulalongkorn is deemed to have been the beginning of the establishment of the Royal Pages’ School, which laid the foundation for the birth of Chulalongkorn University later on. King Chulalongkorn: the Initiator of the Establishment of Chulalongkorn University One Hundred Years of Chula

3. The Royal Pages’ School and the Birth of Chulalongkorn University

1899 King Chulalongkorn’s younger brother, Phrachao Nongyather Krom Luang Damrong Rachanuphaph (H.R.H. Prince Damrong), in his capacity as Interior Minister, was designated to implement the King’s idea that civil servants should be required to serve, primarily, as royal pages. The Prince saw the advantage of the requirement that civil servants should be individuals whom the King knew and trusted, especially those who served in the Ministry of the Interior because they were to be assigned to work in different circles and provinces. At the same time he realized that to make young men serve as royal pages without introducing them to the new educational system that was vital to the country’s administration would be a waste. This led to the establishment of the Royal Pages’ School in 1899 (in its initial stage, the school was named “the Institute for Training Civil Servants” and the name was changed to “the Royal Pages’ School” in 1902). At the time, only one programme, in Public Administration, was offered and there were 50 students. Phrachao Nongyather Krom Luang Damrong Rachanuphaph

The Royal Pages’ School, located in the long building beside the Phimanchaisri Gate of the Grand Palace, the origin of the Faculty of Public Administration at Chulalongkorn One Hundred Years of Chula 11 University

Regulations of the Royal Pages’ Royally composed poem in School, Ratanakosin Era (R.E.) celebration of the curriculum of the Royal Pages’ School, 122 (1904) R.E. 122 (1904)

Record of the management of the Royal Pages’ School, R.E. 126 (1908)

The emblem of King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School

4. From the Royal Pages’ School to King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School

1910 During his reign, King Vajiravudh considered it appropriate to expand the educational administration of the Royal Pages’ School in response to the needs of other ministries as well as the private sector. On January 1st, 1910, therefore, he elevated the status of the Royal Pages’ School to the tertiary level and named it “King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School,” in memory of his Father, who had initiated the establishment of a university for the Siamese in general. King Vajiravudh: the Founder of Chulalongkorn University One Hundred Years of Chula

During its early stages, the School operated in 5 different areas of education; namely, 1. The School of Public Administration, located at the Grand Palace, 2. The School of Teacher Training, situated at Ban Somdetch Chao Phraya, in Thonburi, 3. The Royal Medical School at Siriraj Hospital, 4. The School of Law near the Phanphiphophleela Footbridge, 5. The School of Engineering at Windsor Castle, also known as the New Palace or the Palace in the Field (once a royal residence of the Crown Prince Maha Vajiroonhis).

5. The Headquarters Building

1913 Because King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School consisted of 5 schools which were situated at different locations, the School’s Administrative Council agreed, at a meeting held in 1913, that the School’s Headquarters Building should be built in a Thai architectural style. They assigned Dr. Karl Dolring, an engineer at the Ministry of the Interior, and Edward Healey, an engineer at the Ministry of Education, to study the traditional architectural style of Sukhothai and Swankhalok Provinces and to apply it to their design of the Headquarters Building that was to be built on a plot of land located between Sanam Ma Road and Phayathai Road. The Council chose the design by Edward Healey. At about this time, King Vajiravudh considered it appropriate to upgrade King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School to the status of a university to honour his Father who had conceived the idea of establishing a university in 1898 but too late for implementation the Maha Chulalongkorn Building in his reign. Once the construction of the Headquarters Building was complete it became the Headquarters Building of Chulalongkorn University. Later, the building served as the administrative office and classrooms of the Faculty of Arts. Its name was changed to “Arts Building I” and to the “Maha Chulalongkorn Building,” respectively. The building is used mainly as a venue for meetings, seminars and receptions for the University’s guests.

One Hundred Years of Chula

6. King Vajiravudh’s Speech at the Ceremony for Laying the Foundation Stone of the Headquarters Building 1915

“… It is our pleasure, today, to be invited to lay the foundation stone for this university. It has been, for a long time, part of our desire to fulfil the wish of His Majesty King Chulalongkorn, who had long wanted to establish a university to serve as an institute of higher education for the Siamese. Unfortunately, during his reign, there were obstacles that prevented his wish from being realized. We, as Heir to the Throne, take it to be our responsibility to complete his wish, fully aware that after the task is accomplished it will honour and serve as a memorial to King Chulalongkorn, Phra Phiya Maharaj or the Great Beloved King of the Thai nation. It is thus appropriate that we build a grand and permanent monument like this in memory of the King. It will continue to create benefits to the country. We are pleased to witness that much work has been prepared in advance. Now we will lay the foundation stone in the hope of seeing the future goodness of this University. …” King Vajiravudh’s speech on the occasion when he laid the foundation stone of the Headquarters Building on January 3rd, 1915

7. Elevating King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School to Chulalongkorn University

King Vajiravudh laying the foundation stone of the Headquarters Building

An procession of honour at the ceremony for laying the foundation stone of the Headquarters Building

One Hundred Years of Chula

1916 On March 26th, 1916, at King Vajiravudh’s royal command, King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School was elevated to become Chulalongkorn University in order to serve as an immense and permanent monument of his Father. The King presented funds of 982,672.47 Baht, which had been left over from public donations for the erection of the Equestrian Statue of King Chulalongkorn, to support the construction of the Headquarters and Classroom Building on a plot of land owned by the Royal Treasury. The plot of land, covering an area of 1,309 rai (approximately 456 acres), was located in Pathumwan District. The King granted permission to use any sum remaining from the construction for activities of the University.

8. The Cornerstone of the Capital City

Chulalongkorn University is the first university to have been established in Siam. At its founding, King Vajiravudh wished this institute of higher education to serve as “the Cornerstone of the Capital City”. This means that it had to serve as a pillar of society—as the centre for higher studies, producing quality personnel to serve the country The Equestrian Statue of and demonstrating that Siam was a civilized country, King Chulalongkorn as could be seen by its development in line with the current changes in the world. This can be seen in the record made by Chao Phraya Thammasakmontri (Sanan Devahasdin Na Ayutthaya), Minister of Education and one of the members of the Managerial Council of the School of Civil Servants,

“… A university is an adornment of a cosmopolitan city. Any cosmopolitan city with a renowned university that can be showcased will take the university as a testament of its honour and glory. Any country where the city is endowed with such honour and glory will gain fame from far and wide. Because Bangkok has flourished it has launched a university which will become its adornment in the same way as in other cosmopolitan cities. …” Chao Phraya Thammasakmontri

One Hundred Years of Chula

9. The First Four Faculties at Chulalongkorn University

When Chulalongkorn University was first established, teaching and learning were conducted in 4 Facultiesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Public Administration, the Faculty of Engineering and the Faculty of Arts and Science, covering 28 fields of studies and with an overall number of students of 380. Initially, the educational programme was at certificate level. Later, the Faculty of Medicine was the first to offer a programme at the Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s degree level.

1. The Faculty of Medicine (formerly the Royal Medical School) at Siriraj Hospital, Wang Lang, Thonburi Phraya Vejsitthiphilas (Charas Viphatphaeya), a lecturer at the Royal Medical School, who served as the Dean 2. The Faculty of Public Administration, offering classes in government, located in the New Building on Sanam Ma Road (later the Headquarters Building or the Arts Building I) The Dean, Phraya Withayapreechamataya (Siri Devahasdin Na Ayutthaya) 3. The Faculty of Engineering, sharing a site with the Faculty of Public Administration The Dean, Phraya Niphathakulapongse (Chin Bunnag). 4. The Faculty of Arts and Science, a newly founded Faculty teaching fundamental courses in Arts and Science to lower-level students in the other 3 Faculties, located at Windsor Castle (today, the National Stadium)

One Hundred Years of Chula

Undiminished Benevolence 10. Phra Kiew

The Phra Kiew is an ornament worn as a decoration on the head or hair of a king’s child. It is the royal insignia of King Chulalongkorn because the name “Chulalongkorn” means a headdress or a coronet or Phra Kiew in Thai. Young members of the royal family would wear the Phra Kiew around their topknots during the Royal Topknot Shaving Ceremony. Chulalongkorn University has always been aware that it is an educational institution created by the benevolence of the monarchs of the Chakri Dynasty. It has always given importance to the traditional Thai practice that shows respect to any symbol that represents the monarch. For this reason, since its adoption of the Phra Kiew or the Coronet as the University’s emblem, it has instilled in its personnel and students of all eras a sense of respect for the royal emblem whose use as the University emblem was graciously permitted.

The Phra Kiew

King Chulalongkorn having his children adorned with the Phra Kiew around their topknots during the Royal Topknot Shaving Ceremony

One Hundred Years of Chula

11. The Royal Monument of King Chulalongkorn and King Vajiravudh

In 1987, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of its establishment, Chulalongkorn University requested permission from His Majesty the King to create a monument depicting King Chulalongkorn and Crown Prince Maha Vajiravudh, who later became King Vajiravudh. The statues of both monarchs were placed on a high platform in front of the Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Main Auditorium. On the same occasion, the University initiated the tradition of freshmen paying respect and taking an oath in front of the monument as part of their initiation rites on becoming a Chulalongkorn University student. Graduates, after the graduation ceremony, will also pay homage to the monument to mark their farewell to their University life. Picture showing the construction of the monument of King Chulalongkorn and King Vajiravudh; the sculptor was Khun Khaimook Xuto

One Hundred Years of Chula

12. Royal Patronage

When King Vajiravudh had the Royal Pages’ School elevated to the status of an institute of higher education and named it King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School, the announcement of the School’s establishment stated that, “The King is the Patron of this School”. It has thus been the practice that the Kings of the Chakri Dynasty serve as Patron of this institute from the past to the present. Chulalongkorn University first presented the Royal Patron’s Gown to King Prajadhipok when he presided over the graduation ceremony on October 25th, 1930. On July 12th, 1990, the University also presented the Royal Patron’s Gown to King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the Royal Patron’s Gown

13. Academic Gowns: Intellectual Adornments

When King Vajiravudh had the academic gowns designed for King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School, he did not want them to follow the style of European university gowns but wished to adopt the style of the gown worn by Thai noblemen during the Ayutthaya Period. However, during his reign the University was not yet ready to offer a degree programme so the gowns were not used. Later, in the reign of King Prajadhipok, the King presided over the graduation ceremony to confer degrees on the first batch of graduates, holding a Bachelor’s Degree. He also issued a decree concerning Chulalongkorn University’s Academic Gowns, 2473 B.E. stipulating the details of the gowns, which have been used since then until now. 19

One Hundred Years of Chula

Colour bands of Chulalongkorn University academic gowns according to degree levels:

Ph.D. gowns or doctoral degree gowns—the backdrop of the front strip is made of “red” suede the strip on a Master’s degree gown (Faculty of Engineering)

Master’s degree gowns, similar to Ph. D. gowns except the front strip is made of “black” suede the strip on a Master’s degree gown (Faculty of Engineering)

Bachelor’s degree gowns, similar to Master’s degree gowns but the middle of the front strip is decorated with a round silk thread, 2 millimetres in diameter, of the colour representing each Faculty and replacing the suede strip the strip of a Bachelor’s degree gown (Faculty of Engineering)

14. The First Graduation Ceremony

The first graduation ceremony in Siam, held at Chulalongkorn University, was inaugurated King Prajadhipok, who conferred a Bachelor’s Degree in Medicine to graduates for the first time on October 25th, 1930. The King delivered a speech on this occasion and part of it reads: “… I am delighted to confer degrees on these university graduates for the first time today. It should be considered to be an important day in Siamese history because one way of measuring the progress of any country is through its educational progress. …” This act of generosity by the King to Chulalongkorn University started a tradition in Thai institutions of higher education that the King or his representative will preside over the graduation ceremonies of public universities. This tradition continues today. In 1930, King Prajadhipok and Queen Rambaibarni attending the first graduation ceremony at Chulalongkorn University

One Hundred Years of Chula

Certificate issued by Chulalongkorn University before its educational programmes had been upgraded to degree level

The degree in its early stages

Royal Lecturers

15. Somdech Phrachao Boromwongther Chaofah Chudhadhujdharadilok Krom Khun Phetchabune Indharachai (H.R.H. the Prince of Phetchabune) H.R.H. the Prince of Phetchabune, a son of King Chulalongkorn and Queen Saowabhabhongsri, was born in the Morakotsuth Royal Residence on the Isle of Sri Chang, Chonburi Province. For this reason, the summer palace on the Isle of Sri Chang was named after the Prince, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phra Chudhadhuj Rajthanâ&#x20AC;?. At present, the palace is under the care of Chulalongkoprn University. H.R.H. the Prince of Phetchabune went to Magdalene College at the University of Cambridge, where he studied Arts. He was good at English and French and took classes in Music and Drama. He was proficient on the harp, the piano and the violin. Graduating in 1916, the Prince could not return to Thailand right away because of the outbreak of World War I. So he decided to take classes in Teaching and English Literature as a way of preparing himself for his civil service at the Ministry of Education. He also wished to be a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. 21

One Hundred Years of Chula

After returning home in 1918, the Prince of Phetchabune took office at the Ministry of Education as well as lecturing at Chulalongkorn University. He taught English and Thai in the Faculty of Public Administration for approximately five years. He is thus considered to be the first “Royal Lecturer” at Chulalongkorn University.

16. Somdech Phra Mahitaladhibesra Adulyadejvikrom Phra Boromrajjanaka (H.R.H. the Prince of Songkhla)

Born on January 1st, 1891, H.R.H. the Prince of Songkhla was a son of King Chulalongkorn and Queen Sawangvadhana. After graduating from the Naval Academy in Germany, the Prince went to study Public Health at Harvard University in the U.S.A., and he took an additional programme in Paediatrics. He played a major role in establishing modern medicine and public health in Thailand. The Prince of Songkhla contributed to the teaching and development of Chulalongkorn University during its initial stage. He coordinated with the Rockefeller Foundation in the promotion of the teaching of Medicine in Thailand. The Foundation provided foreign lecturers to teach in the Faculty of Arts and Science and gave scholarships to Thai teachers to study abroad so that, after their graduation, they would return to replace the foreign lecturers. To facilitate this, Chulalongkorn University had to build a laboratory, which became known as the “White Building” and was the first laboratory at Chulalongkorn University and the first classroom building in the Faculty of Science. As well as being active in the development of Medicine and Science, the Prince organized a course in Contemporary History, giving lectures and leading students on outside educational tours. The Prince can be considered to be the Second Royal Lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. While teaching at Chulalongkorn University from 1924 to 1925, he did many things that benefitted the University. In 1928, he submitted a proposal for the University’s development and many parts of the proposal were implemented and were of benefit to the University.

One Hundred Years of Chula

17. Somdech Phrachao Phinangther Chaofah Galayani Vadhana Krom Luang Narathivat Rajanagarindra (H.R.H. Princess Galayani Vadhana)

Born on May 6th, 1923, H.R.H. Princess Galayani Vadhana was the first child of H.R.H. the Prince of Songkhla and Somdech Phra Srinagarindra, the Princess Mother. She graduated in Chemistry from the Faculty of Science at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. She also took classes in subjects of interest to her, for example, Public Health, Philosophy, Literature, Psychology and Education. Princess Galyani Vadhana contributed a great deal to Chulalongkorn University in terms of teaching, promoting educational development and the operations of different work units. She was the third Royal Lecturer at Chulalongkorn University, teaching French in the Faculty of Arts from 1952 to 1958 and initiating the establishment of the Association of French Teachers in Thailand in 1977. In its early stages, the Office of the Association was located in the Faculty of Arts and the Princess herself served as its President from 1997 to 1983. Princess Galayani Vadhana provided assistance to the Faculty of Veterinary Science in many ways, for example, by providing tools and equipment for animal care, supporting the construction of the Emergency Building for Animal Treatment, providing funds for the treatment of sick animals without owners and stray dogs and providing scholarships and financial support for educational tours and research to faculty members. The Princessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; interest in classical music led her to serve as a Patron of the Chulalongkorn University Symphony Orchestra. During her life time, she came to its concerts as a way of showing moral support to its members. She is considered to be one of the most important patrons of Chulalongkorn University.

One Hundred Years of Chula

Moving Towards Becoming an International University 18. The Planning Committee of Chulalongkorn University

After the teaching at the University had been established for a period of time, King Prajadhipok and a number of members of the royal family who had experience in education considered it appropriate to form a committee to review problems, to develop teaching and learning and to manage the University in order to make it more efficient and more international. In 1930, the King had the Planning Committee of Chulalongkorn University established to be responsible for the development of the University in administrative and academic affairs. The Committee considered the proposals of the Prince of Songkhla, which had been submitted in 1928, as well as examples from universities abroad. Concepts and issues that were considered by this Committee were later implemented, for example, creating clarity over the status of the University, developing curricula in more academic fields at Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s level and drawing up regulations on the deployment of funds in order to make a profit for the University.

The Planning Committee of Chulalongkorn University consisted of Phrachao Phiyather Khom Khun Chainatnaranethorn, President of the Committee: he was the Director of the School of Medicine and the first Director-General of the Department of Universities. The Prince played an important role in the development of medical studies and the management of higher education in its early stages.

Phrarachwongther Khrom Muen Bidayalongkorn, Member.

Phrachaoworawongther Phraongchao Chumbhotbongparibatra, Member, representing the Ministry of Finance.

Phraworawongther Phraongchao Dhaninivat, Member, representing the Ministry of Education.

Amathaya Ek Phraya Mahaisawan, Member, representing the Committee for Observing the Civil Servant Regulations Act.

One Hundred Years of Chula

19. From Commissioner to Rector/President

Early on, Chulalongkorn University did not have a Rector/President; the position equivalent to the position of a Rector/President was “Commissioner,” and they were

Phraya Anukitwithul (Santhad Devahasdin Na Ayutthaya), the first Commissioner of Chulalongkorn University, who was in office from 1917 to 1925,

Phraya Pharotracha (M.L. Thosthis Isarasaena), the second Commissioner, who was in office from 1929 to 1931.

In 1935, there was a change in the structure of the University. The position of Commissioner was abolished when the new system was introduced. The University Council was established as the governing body and the highest administrative position became that of Rector/President, who would be chosen by the University Council and would remain in position according to the terms of office. Professor Dr. A.G. Ellis, an American, was the first Rector of Chulalongkorn University. He held office from October 21st, 1935 to November 24th, 1936. Professor Ellis was a scientist and a Professor in Medicine; he had formerly been the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. Professor Dr. A. G. Ellis, an American, who was the first Rector of Chulalongkorn University

20. Adjustment of the Curricula at Bachelor’s Level

In the initial stage of its operations, Chulalongkorn University offered classes at a certificate level because at that time it was difficult to recruit students who had completed Mathayom Suksa 8. The University thus had to 25

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admit those who had completed Mathayom Suksa 6 to study for a certificate. The Faculty of Medicine was first to develop itself to an international level and be able to offer a curriculum at Bachelor’s degree level. In 1923, with coordination by the Prince of Songkhla, the Faculty of Medicine was assisted by the Rockefeller Foundation in the U.S.A., to improve its teaching. This coincided with an increase in the number of Mathayom Suksa 8 graduates in 1925 making it possible to offer a Bachelor’s degree programme. In 1929, the Faculty was able to produce the first batch of graduates with a Bachelor’s degree in Medicine. H.R.H the Prince of Songkhla, a person in developing Chulalongkorn University enabling it to offer a bachelor’s degree programme

John D. Rockefeller, the Founder of the Rockefeller Foundation

H.R.H. the Prince of Songkhla (seated, second from the right) with the lecturers who were supported by the Rockefeller Foundation

21. The First Group of Foreign Lecturers

Chulalongkorn University employed foreigners for the first time in 1920 and after the Rockefeller Foundation had helped to develop the Faculty of Medicine, it also supported the hiring of foreign lecturers. Among these foreign lecturers was Professor Dr. A.G. Ellis, an expert in Pathology, who was capable in both academic and administrative affairs. He held a few administrative One Hundred Years of Chula

positions including that of Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and, also, Rector of the University from 1935 to 1936. He was the only foreigner to become Rector of the University. Because * he contributed a great deal to Thai medicine, in 1930, King Prajadhipok conferred a Doctoral Degree (honoris causa) in Medicine upon him and he became the first recipient of the degree. Later, the number of foreign lecturers increased. In 1932, Chulalongkorn University hired two foreign lecturers on 5-year contracts to teach in the Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Engineering Project in 3 branches of engineeringâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering. These 2 professors were Professor Hans Bantle, a Swiss expert in Mechanical Engineering and Professor Dr. Charles Emfrid M. Son Gewertz. a Swedish expert in Electrical Engineering

Professor Dr. Gewertz teaching a course in electrical circuits in 1935

Professor Dr. Gewertz and lecturers of the Faculty of Engineering

Professors Dr. Gewertz and Professor Bantle with their students at the graduation ceremony *Professor Dr. Charles Emfrid M. Son Gewertz 27

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Turning to the Period of Nation Building

22. Chulalongkorn University during the Period of Nation Building

In 1936 Colonel Luang Pibulsongkhram, the Minister of Defence, became Rector of Chulalongkorn University. Later in 1938, he became Prime Minister of Thailand and remained the University’s Rector. That a member of the government held an important administrative position at Chulalongkorn University demonstrated that the leaders of the People’s Party lent much importance to higher education. The government, under the premiership of Colonel Luang Pibulsongkhram, and later Field Marshal P. Pibulsongkhram, announced the Nation Building Policy as the main policy in the country’s development under the Following the Leader Policy and Nationalism directive that emphasized the creation of Thai identity. Education Field Marshal P. Pibulsongkhram was one way that would enable the policy to be effective in practice so the management of education at Chulalongkorn University was expanded to cover a greater diversity of fields of knowledge in response to political, economic and social needs, for instance, Dentistry, Veterinary Science and Commerce and Accountancy. Pictures of the buildings erected during the administration of Field Marshal P. Pibulsongkram in the architectural style that was popular during that time—simple and sturdy in form and lines, without traditional decorative designs. 1

1.the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Building (currently the Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts) 2.Chemistry Building I in the Faculty of Science (currently the Art and Culture Building) 3.Classroom Building at Mathayom Horwang School at Chulalongkorn University (currently Triam Udom Suksa School) One Hundred Years of Chula 28

23. Triam Udom Suksa School at Chulalongkorn University

Teaching and learning at the high school level is an important foundation for university education. At one point of time, the government established the policy to allow the university to manage, by itself, teaching at the high school level or Triam Udom Suksa. Therefore, in 1937, a high school was established specifically to prepare students for their education at Chulalongkorn University. This school was the Triam Udom Suksa School at Chulalongkorn University. From 1938 to 1946, students who wished to pursue a higher education at Chula- Classroom Atmosphere of Triam Udom Suksa School Students longkorn University were required to attend this school. Later, the government changed its educational policy and, in 1947, the school was transferred to become affiliated with the Department of General Education and its name was Triam Udom Suksa School. From then on, students of Triam Udom Suksa School who wished to continue their studies at Chulalongkorn University were required to take an entrance examination in the same way as students from other high schools.

24. Ownership of the Land Presented to the University by King Vajiravudh

Early in the establishment of the University, King Vajiravudh presented the remaining sum of 982,672.47 Baht from the erection of the Equestrian Statute to the construction of classroom buildings and announced that a plot of land under the care of the Royal Treasury, covering an area of 1,309 rai (456 acres), in Pathumwan Sub-district was to be placed within the boundaries of Chulalongkorn University. This sum of money and the land donated by the King were a major asset of Chulalongkorn University from the start. However, the King could not yet transfer the ownership of the land to the University because the land was still entailed in the provident account of the servants of King Chulalongkorn. In theory, Chulalongkorn University had to enter into a contract to rent the land from the Royal Treasury. In 1939, Prime Minister Colonel Luang Pibul Songkhram issued a law transferring the land ownership to Chulalongkorn University, the details of which appeared in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Transference of the Ownership of the Land Owned by the Crown Property in Pathumwan Sub-district, Bangkok, to Chulalongkorn University Act, B.E. 2482.â&#x20AC;? Chulalongkorn University then had complete ownership of the land in accordance with the wishes of King Vajiravudh.

One Hundred Years of Chula

The plot of land owned by Chulalongkorn University covers an area of 1,153 rai. It is divided according to the masterplan into 3 partsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;an educational zone covering about 50% of the whole area, a zone for other official units to rent or hire covering 20% and a commercial zone covering approximately 30%. Managing the land in order to make a profit is in keeping with King Vajiravudhâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s initiative. The Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s founder believed that for the University to be able to carry out its principal mission there must be supporting resources apart from the government budget.

One Hundred Years of Chula

“The Second Exhibition Area: Growing Strong to Become the Chamchuree”

One Hundred Years of Chula

25. The Birth of Residential Halls

In the beginning, Chulalongkorn University was administered as a residential college, which means that students resided on the University campus during their academic pursuits. Residential halls for Chulalongkorn University students were established at the same time as the University. In their initial stage, these residential halls were located in the area known as “Windsor Palace”. These residential halls were launched not only with the aim of serving as on campus living quarters for students so that they did not have to commute but also with the further aim of enabling them to learn how to cohabit in society and to instil in them a sense of morality and ethics so that they would be able to achieve the goal of being complete graduates.

26. The Birth of the Students’ Club

The development of Chulalongkorn University to become a university in the international system was not limited to the development of its curricula only but was extended to include the support of extra-curricular activities and student participation in them. Therefore, Chulalongkorn University Students’ Club was officially established on November 27th, 1922, its aim being to teach students to learn how to govern and take care of themselves, to train them to help one another and to serve as a venue where faculty members, alumni and current students could gather and socialize. Later, Phrachaoworawongther Phraongchao Chulachakrabongse donated his private funds to have the Chakrabongse Building built in memory of his father— Somdech Chaofah Chakrabongsebhuwanath Somdech Chaofah Chakrabongsebhuwanath Krom Luang Phitsanulok Prachanath —to be Krom Luang Phitsanulok Prachanath used as the office of the Students’ Club.

27. The First Women Students at Chulalongkorn University

In 1927, the first batch of women students was admitted to Chulalongkorn University. They entered the Faculty of Arts and Science and were admitted to the Pre-Medical Programme. The offering of a co-education programme for the first time indicated the advancement of Thai higher education. 33

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The person who initiated the pilot project to accept women students to study at Chulalongkorn University was MomChao Poonsrikasem Kasemsri, who was, at that time, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science. In 1927, seven female students, who had completed Mathayom 8, were selected as the first batch of female Pre-Medical students in the Faculty of Arts and Science.

28. The First of Batch of Female Graduates

Six of the first batch of women students who began their studies in the Faculty of Medicine in 1927 were able to graduate. They were Miss Chalong Kraichitti, Miss Chod Nithiprapha, Miss Temduang Bunnag, Miss Thaichieng Aroonluck, M.R. Nanta Thongtham and M.R. Songsri Kasemsri.

29. The Beginning of a Residential Hall for Women Students

In 1949, Chao Chom Somboon, a royal consort of King Chulalongkorn, celebrated her sixth cycle birthday by donating 120,000 Baht to Chulalongkorn University with the intention of having a residential hall for women students built. Later, she made further contributions and collected donations from her friends and relatives, giving them to the University. What she did assisted women students who needed to have a residence while they were studying at the University.

30. From Activities to Traditions

As well as emphasizing the importance of learning, teaching and academic activities, Chulalongkorn University gives importance to and supports a variety of activities that will develop its studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; potential and promote their capabilities through offering them the chance to take part in extracurricular activities and, thus, fully express themselves. This also promotes good relationships among students and a healthy relationship between students and the Faculties and the University. Many activities continue as traditions to the present day. Two famous traditions are the Chula-Thammasat Football Tournament and the Welcome Freshmen Day.

The Chula-Thammasat Football Tournament The traditional Chula-Thammasat Football Tournament originates from a group of students of both universities, who were alumni of Suan Kulab Wittayalai School. After graduating from school, they furthered their studies at university level at the two existing universities at that time, Chulalongkorn and Thammasat Universities. However, One Hundred Years of Chula

they still felt attached to one another so they discussed the possibility of organizing sporting activities to strengthen their relationship and promote unity between the students of the two universities in the same way as the traditional Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge Universities in England. They chose to organize a football match because they particularly liked football. So, the first football match between the two universities took place on December 4th, 1934 at the Pramane Grounds. The match has endured as a traditional tournament until today. The two universities take turn in hosting the event. The entrance fees from the first match were presented to the Association for the Eradication of Tuberculosis, which was a deadly disease in Thailand at the time. It has been the tradition since then that the proceeds from the tournament will be donated to charity. Though the tradition is that the tournament will be organized annually, sometimes certain situations have made it inappropriate for the tournament to take place; for example, the political situation, war or floods, have in some years caused the tournament to be cancelled.

The Welcome Freshmen Tradition

The Welcome Freshmen Activities that are organized early at the beginning of the academic year are aimed at giving the chance to freshmen to become acquainted with students in other years so that they may learn to adjust to university life as well as become instilled with social responsibility. The activities are designed to make the freshmen feel tied to the University and to create a good relationship among freshmen of different Faculties and between freshmen and students of other years. Also, the voluntary activities instil a public spirit in the freshmen and make them think about the public good.

One Hundred Years of Chula

31. The First Students’ Assembly When “Democracy Was Blooming”

The blooming of democracy after the October 14th, 1973 political unrest resulted in a change in the students’ administrative system from the Club system, known as the Chulalongkorn University Students’ Club, to the Student Government of Chulalongkorn University. The Students’ Council is formed to allow students to take part in their own administration and to audit and consider the budget. Representatives from each Faculty become members of the Council, which is modelled on the Parliamentary System. The first direct election of members of the Students’ Council took place in January 1974. Students form parties to compete in the election in the same way as political parties.

“A Diversity of Academic Disciplines at Chulalongkorn University” 32. The Expansion of Different Academic Disciplines at Chulalongkorn University

From the first 4 Faculties during its establishment, Chulalongkorn University has continually expanded the areas of teaching and learning in Departments or Faculties that are ready to offer new programmes. The University’s major policy in educational administration involves improving the existing Departments or Faculties to enable them to develop to an international level and considering what areas of study will be beneficial to the country before it embarks upon the teaching of those areas. Initially, the teaching of a new field of study may be conducted within the status of a department before it is ready to be developed to the status of a Faculty.

One Hundred Years of Chula

33. The Development of the First 4 Faculties

The first 4 Faculties have undergone changes and development in accordance with the current situation and appropriateness as follows.

The Faculty of Public Administration

The Faculty of Public Administration has changed its curricula according to the situation. In 1933, the Ministry of Justice transferred the School of Law to the administration of Chulalongkorn University. Thus, the University managed to teach Law together with Public Administration and the name of the Faculty of Public Administration was changed to the Faculty of Law and Political Science. In 1934, the Faculty was transferred to the administration of the newly founded Thammasat and Karn Mueang University. However, the teaching of the two disciplines was revived at Chulalongkorn University with the establishment of the Faculty of Political Science in 1948 and the Department of Law became part of this new Faculty.

The Faculty of Medicine

The teaching in the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn University, which was, in the beginning, conducted at Siriraj Hospital, was transferred to the administration of the University of Medicine, founded in 1943. Later, King Ananda Mahidol considered that the University of Medicine should produce more doctors to provide adequate medical assistance to people. Therefore, in 1947, the second School of 37

One Hundred Years of Chula

Medicine of the University of Medicine was established at Chulalongkorn Hospital by the Thai Red Cross Society and was known as “The Faculty of Medicine of Chulalongkorn Hospital, the University of Medicine”. Later, this school came under the administration of Chulalongkorn University and became the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University in 1967.

The Faculty of Arts and Science

Founded with the establishment of the University, the Faculty of Arts and Science was the one entity responsible for teaching fundamental courses in Humanities and Science to other Faculties. Later, this Faculty was developed to become eligible to offer a Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Arts and Science and in 1943, the Faculty of Arts and Science became two independent Faculties. After separating from the Faculty of Science, in 1948, the Faculty of Arts changed its name to “the Faculty of Arts and Education” and included the teaching and learning of Education at the Bachelor’s Degree level. In 1957, the Department of Education was elevated to Faculty status, becoming the Faculty of Education. The name the “Faculty of Arts and Education” became shortened to the” Faculty of Arts”, its current name.

One Hundred Years of Chula

The Faculty of Engineering

Among the first 4 Faculties established at Chulalongkorn University, the Faculty of Engineering is the only Faculty that has not changed in terms of status and affiliation. This Faculty has continued to develop and is able to offer a programme at Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree level. The first batch of Engineering graduates received their Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in 1935.

34. The Faculty of Architecture

The Faculty of Architecture originated from the teaching of architecture at Poh Chang School in 1930 by Acharn Nart Phothiprasat, who had completed his education in England. In 1932, Chulalongkorn University accepted the transfer of the Architecture School at Poh Chang School allowing it to become a department in the Faculty of Engineering. In 1939, the status of the Department of Architecture was elevated to Faculty status.

One Hundred Years of Chula

35. The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The birth of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences started with “the Department of Medicinal Mixtures at the Royal Medicine School” or “the School of Medicinal Mixtures,” which was founded in 1913. In 1934, the teaching of Pharmacy was separated from the Faculty of Medicine and established as the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. In 1943, the University of Medicine was established by virtue of the Establishment of the University of Medicine Act, causing the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences to become separated from Chulalongkorn University and to come under the University of Medicine for some time. It was affiliated with Chulalongkorn University, once again, in 1971.

One Hundred Years of Chula

36. The Faculty of Veterinary Science

The Faculty of Veterinary Science was founded in 1935. Earlier, when students were admitted to study Veterinary Science at Chulalongkorn University, they had to take some classes with Pre-Medical students and some with Pre-Pharmaceutical Sciences students. Later, in 1937, the University established the Department of Veterinary Science. This coincided with the government’s policy of promoting occupations for people, including animal husbandry. In 1943, through the Establishment of the University of Medicine Act, the Department of Veterinary Science was separated from Chulalongkorn University and become affiliated to the University of Medicine. In 1954, it was transferred to be part of Kasetsart University and remained there until 1967 when it was transferred to the administration of Chulalongkorn University once again.

37. The Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy

In 1938, Chulalongkorn University opened the “Department of Accountancy” and the “Department of Commerce,” in response to the government’s policy of facilitating Thai people to enter different occupations in order to prepare and guide them to play a role in the country’s economy. At the initial stage, the two departments belonged to the Faculty of Arts and Science. In 1940, their curricula became independent from those of the Faculty of Arts and Science but some parts of the Arts Buildings still served as their office and classrooms. Once the number of students increased, a new classroom building was built at the current site of the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, which currently consists of the Jaiyos Sompati Buildings 1, 2 and 3.

One Hundred Years of Chula

38. The Faculty of Dentistry

In 1940, the University founded the Department of Dentistry as an independent department. This was close to the time when the government announced its policy to dissuade people from chewing betel nuts and making them realize the negative effects of betel nut chewing, as being not only the sign of being uncivilized but also the source of many diseases. In 1943, with the Establishment of the University of Medicine Act, the Department of Dentistry was transferred to the administration of the University of Medicine and it was affiliated with Chulalongkorn University again in 1972.

39. The Faculty of Law

The Faculty of Law has continued to develop since 1933 when the Ministry of Justice transferred the School of Law to Chulalongkorn University. The teaching and learning at that time were conducted in the Faculty of Political Science, making it become known as the Faculty of Law and Political Science. In 1934, this Faculty was transferred to Thammasat and Karn Meuang University, which was newly founded at that time. In 1948, the Faculty of Political Science was re-established at Chulalongkorn University and the Department of Law was inaugurated as part of the Faculty of Political Science in 1951. In 1972, the University elevated the status of the Department of Law to Faculty level.

One Hundred Years of Chula

40. The Faculty of Education

The Faculty of Education originated from the Department of Teacher Training, one of the departments in the Faculty of Arts and Science. When the Faculty of Arts and Science was separated into two Faculties, the Department of Teacher Training became the “Department of Education,” administered by the Faculty of Arts and Education. In 1957, the Department of Education was elevated to Faculty level.

41. The Graduate School

Chulalongkorn University’s Graduate School was founded by virtue of the “Royal Decree for the Establishment of the Graduate School at Chulalongkorn University, B.E. 2504”. It is responsible for teaching and conducting research in different fields of study at the graduate level. Its duties also include academic standards control and coordinating and supporting the working operations of departments that offer programmes at a graduate level. This has led to the creation and expansion of the University’s academic and research capabilities.

One Hundred Years of Chula

42. The Faculty of Communication Arts

In 1939, the University first offered a Diploma Programme in Journalism, which was affiliated to the Faculty of Arts and Science. In 1954, the teaching of Journalism at Chulalongkorn University was transferred to Thammasat and Karn Mueang University and the teaching of Journalism terminated at Chulalongkorn University. In 1965, the University offered a programme in Communication Arts in the independent Department of Mass Communications and Public Relations. In 1974, the Faculty of Communication Arts was established.

43. The Faculty of Economics

To monitor the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic development plan, in 1970, Chulalongkorn University combined the Department of Economics in the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy with the Department of Finance in the Faculty of Political Science to form the Faculty of Economics in order, specifically, to produce graduates in Economics.

One Hundred Years of Chula

44. The Faculty of Nursing

In 1967, the University began the teaching of nursing at the Department of Nursing Education in the Faculty of Education. It was the first educational institution in Thailand that produced teachers of nursing at the Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree level. It also produced Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree graduates in Nursing Administration in order to create leaders in Nursing. In 1988, the Department was elevated to become the Faculty of Nursing.

45. The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences

The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences is related to the Department of Medical Technique at the University of Medicine. In 1971, Mahidol University transferred the Medical Technique Programme to Chulalongkorn Hospital. Later, Chulalongkorn University introduced a policy to separate the Department of Medical Technique from the Faculty of Medicine and elevate its status to the Faculty of Medical Technique. The policy was changed once again in 1991 when the University set up the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences to replace the Faculty of Medical Technique in order to allow it to fully support the production of graduates and to conduct research and provide services in different areas of the Health Sciences Group.

One Hundred Years of Chula

46. The Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts

In 1974, Chulalongkorn University had a plan to establish an academic unit in art, with the aim that it should cover all areas of art â&#x20AC;&#x201D;for example, fine art, visual art, the theory of art, music and dramatic art. Later, in 1984, the Unit was elevated to become the Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts and was assigned with the responsibility to produce graduates as well as conserving, promoting and publicizing art and culture for Thai society.

47. The Faculty of Psychology

The study of Psychology was part of the Educational Curriculum in the Department of Education in the Faculty of Arts. It was later elevated to Department status in the Faculty of Education. In the academic year 1974, the Department was able to launch a Ph.D. Programme in Educational Psychology, the first Doctoral Degree Programme in Thailand. The Department of Psychology was separated from the Faculty of Education in 1996 and elevated to the status of Faculty.

One Hundred Years of Chula

48. The Faculty of Sports Science

The Faculty of Sports Science was developed from the Department of Physical Education in the Faculty of Education, which was the first institution of higher education in Thailand to lend significance to Physical Education and Public Health. It was able to produce the first batch of Bachelor’s Degree graduates in 1959. Since then, it has continued to produce graduates in Physical Education and Public Health at Bachelor’s Master’s and Doctoral levels. Its status was changed to the Academic Office of Sports Science and the Faculty of Sports Science in 1998 and 2010, respectively.

49. The School of Agricultural Resources

The School of Agricultural Resources has developed from the Office of the Commission on Agricultural Resource Education, which was established in 2009. This is because Chulalongkorn University is aware that Thailand has played an important role as a source of the food production industry and agriculture as well as the world’s kitchen whose potential has to be developed in order to be able to compete with food production in countries in other parts of the world. The University is committed to this task because of its readiness in all the branches of knowledge from the productivity line to the consumer, including the areas of production technology, particularly in livestock, food technology and processed products, production standards and food safety, public health, business and management and transportation. The Office of the Commission on Agricultural Resource Education became the School of Agricultural Resources in 2014. 47

One Hundred Years of Chula

“Advanced Technology” 50. Early Stages of the Computing System

To keep pace with the advance in technology that is continually developing in Thailand, Chulalongkorn University set up the “Computer Science Centre” in the Graduate School on March 1st, 1969. Computer equipment used during the early stages consisted of IBM 1800 computers, presented to and installed at the University by the Military Research and Development Centre for their mutual use, and IBM 1620 computers presented by the IBM Company (Thailand) for use in education and other areas. In its early stages, the Computer Science Centre taught Computer Science to undergraduate students in, for example, the Faculty of Engineering and the Faculty of Science. In 1969, it began to offer programmes in Computer Science at a certificate level to the general public. These programmes were certified by the Office of the Civil Service Commission and a large number of interested people attended the programmes. When the centre was affiliated with the Graduate School, it offered a Master’s Degree Programme in Computer Science in 1971. The Programme admitted holders of any Bachelor’s Degree in almost all academic disciplines and it also provided assistance in this area to other universities.

51. Application of the Computing System to Student Registration

Once the University offered more degree programmes and launched more new Faculties, the number of students increased. It was thus vital to have an efficient student data filing system. At this time progress was made in the data filing system and, in 1975, the University established the Central Registration Office under the administration of Academic Affairs in the Office of the President, to be responsible for student registration and to provide a student registration service by computer. The computer-assisted registration was first tried on freshmen in the Faculty of Science. In 1976, the student registration service by the computing was expanded to cover all freshmen in all Faculties, except for the Faculty of Law. This benefitted the administration of programmes and enabled students to have a wider choice of the class and made the use of classrooms and educational instruments more efficient. By 1980, the application of the computing system to undergraduate student registration covered all Faculties and it was later expanded to cover graduate student registration in all Faculties.

52. Chulalongkorn University Library Information Network (Chulalinet)

The Chulalinet is the prototype of a fully automated library in Thailand. The Institute of Academic Resource Services developed it to offer services from 1988 with the aim of turning all the libraries on the Chulalongkorn University campus into electronic libraries so that they would be connected by the computing system and a modern communication technology system. This One Hundred Years of Chula

enables students, faculty members and academics to rapidly access information available in all the libraries without any limit of place and time. Since 1988, the University has boosted its technological competence and has increased its service potential to a 24-hour, daily service, for the seeking and retrieval of information as well as the exchange of information at a national and international level. Users are able to simultaneously connect to services without any limit on the number of searches. At present, the Network has 38 member libraries.

53. CU Writer

The University’s continued development in computing technology engendered the CU Writer Programme, which was a result of collaboration between the Office of Computing Services and the Department of Computer Science in the Faculty of Engineering. The Programme is unofficially known as Chula Word or Word Chula or the CW. It is a Thai word processing programme working with MSDot which anticipated the invention of Windows 95. When starting, the Programme will display the window of its batch and the Maha Chulalongkorn Anthem will be played. When users press any button, they will be able to enter work areas. The CU Writer was invented in 1989 by Samnuan Hiranwong who developed it as a testing batch and it was originally used within Chulalongkorn University only. After it proved successful, its 1.1 batch was officially publicized through the Channel 7 Coloured Army Television Station. The Programme continued to develop until 1993 when development terminated with the last batch 1.6, which was able to create mathematics equations, offer four types of characters to choose from and a way of separating syllables in words through the use of a dictionary. The CU Writer is a public programme that the general public may copy free of charge. The Programme has been taught in Fundamental Computing Programmes in various educational institutions.

54. Thailand’s First Work Unit to Be Connected to the Internet System

The Institute of Academic Resource Services was assigned by the University to study and connect the University’s Computing Network to the Internet System. The Internet System was installed and started to provide services on July 27th, 1992, making Chulalongkorn University the first work unit in Thailand that was able to connect with the Internet System throughout 24 hours. The University hired the 9600 Bids per Minute communication circuit from the Communications Authority of Thailand in order to connect with the Internet System of UUNET Technologies in the U.S.A. Later many other organizations have been connected online with the Internet Network via Chulalongkorn University. This network is called “THAI net” and it is the first network in Thailand that has a Gateway to the Internet Network.

One Hundred Years of Chula

“The Third Exhibition Area: the Branches of the Chamchuree”

One Hundred Years of Chula

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Remaining Steadfast to the Ideologiesâ&#x20AC;? 55. Student Rallies Demanding the Return of Thai Territory in French Indochina

The Second World War broke out in Europe in September, 1939, and as the war became more violent France lost ground and, in 1940, was occupied by German Troops. Thailand found this to be a favourable moment to demand that the French Government return Thai territories in Indochina that she had occupied. The Thai Government used this nationalistic policy to promote patriotism in the general public in order to gain their support. Chulalongkorn University students took part in the rallies, carrying placards demanding the return of Thai territories in Indochina. They gathered at the University campus before marching to the Pramane Grounds.

1. The Prime Minister waving the flag to greet the demonstrators. 2. In October 1940, Chulalongkorn University students joining the rallies in demand of the return of the Monthon Burapha (the Northeastern Circle) and the territory on the left bank of the Mae Kong River. 3. The Prime Minister delivering a speech to the demonstrators. 4. On October 4th, 1940, Chulalongkorn University students forming a procession in front of the Faculty of Architecture before marching to demand the return of the territories from France. 5. The atmosphere of the rallies, in 1940, demanding the return of the territories from France. One Hundred Years of Chula

56. The Second World War Monument: the Landscape of Memories

During the Second World War, 298 Chulalongkorn University students decided to serve the country by helping the Free Thai Movement oppose the Japanese invasion. To comply with the demands of the authorities, they volunteered to attend the Military Guard School. The school offered a one-year programme and after graduating, students were appointed to the rank of Sub-Lieutenant and were assigned with the responsibility of keeping the peace within the country. This contributed a great deal to the country’s independence. After the War ended, these students were released from military service though they still maintained their comradeship and formed a club, the Military Guard Students Club, B.E. 2488, which was known by the abbreviation, MGSC 2488. In order to honour this group of students and to help succeeding generations to realize how much their activities had contributed to the country, Chulalongkorn University had the MGSC Monument erected and it was unveiled on December 18th, 1995.

The Monument is inscribed with the Thai poem, “This is a Courageous Ideology,” written by Sub-Lieutenant Samret Bunnag on behalf of the MGSC 2488: This Massive Rock represents loyalty and life to be dedicated To the Thai Monarch and the Thai Nation. This group of students studied hard to gain knowledge; In a time of need, they came together and would not yield an inch; Being ready to shed blood and even sacrifice their lives to protect their country and their countrymen. This is a courageous ideology; This is lifelong dedication; This is Chulalongkorn University, That taught its students to be brave. This Massive Rock represents the words Announcing strong determination And ensuring that Thailand’s freedom has to last forever.

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57. Chulalongkorn University Students and the Anti-Government Protests During the Coup d’Etat

After the Second World War, Thailand was ruled by a civilian government for a period of time until, on November 8th, 1947, there was a coup d’état to remove the civilian government under the Premiership of Rear Admiral Thawal Thamrongnavaswad from power. After this, Thai society inclined towards autocracy once more. At the time, university students formed a movement that became a major force in protesting against and counter-balancing the tendency towards dictatorship. Chulalongkorn University students were involved in this movement, as is evident in their signing their names demanding for peace between 1951 and 1952; a movement that campaigned against sending Thai soldiers to fight in the Korean War and urged peace as a means of solving international problems.

58. Agreement to Produce Administrative Officers for Thai Society

One of the major aims in the establishment of the Royal Pages’ School, which anticipated the founding of King Chulalongkorn’s Civil Servants School and subsequently Chulalongkorn University, was to produce educated personnel for the government administration, particularly those who would work for the Ministry of the Interior. However, in 1934, the teaching of academic disciplines in government and law at Chulalongkorn University ceased when Thammasat and Karn Mueang University was founded. As time passed and the political situation demanded more government officials, the teaching of government and law was revived at Chulalongkorn University with the establishment of the Faculty of Political Science in 1948. A number of government officials at the Ministry of the Interior served as special lecturers. The Ministry of the Interior also entered into an agreement with the Civil Service Commission that the first 3 batches of the graduates, 60 in each batch, from the Faculty of Political Science would be appointed to work as Deputy District-Chiefs. So, the first 3 batches consisting of male students only and, from the fourth batch onwards, female students as well, were admitted to study in the Faculty of Political Science. A photograph of the first 3 batches of Political Science students at Chulalongkorn University, taken on January 18th, 1951

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59. Ideologies for the Masses

After 1949, interest in Socialism increased bringing about a change in people’s ideas about freedom, human rights and how to create fairness in society. A number of Chulalongkorn students at that time became involved in social issues and one who played a dominant role was Chitra Phumisak. Chitra Phumisak entered the Faculty of Arts in 1950. He was a political thinker, an historian and a linguist. As a scholar and a revolutionary in ideas and academic matters, he was one of the early academics who dared, rationally and profoundly, to argue and dispute openly. He was distinguished for his creative and profound academic research while, at the same time, demonstrating his opposition to dictatorship and the abuse of power over the people. He is considered to be one of the most well-known radicals of the modern times. “To wipe the track of tears from the peoples’ faces, I will endlessly fight with joyful spirit. If I am going to be born again, I will dedicate that life to the masses.” Chitra Phumisak Chitra Phumisak on an educational tour with his classmates from the Faculty of Arts

60. Chulalongkorn Students and the General Election of 1957

On February 26th, 1957, the General Election in Thailand was fiercely contested between two major political parties. The Election proceeded amidst political turmoil and the newspapers reported extensive corruption in the campaign. This led to a major movement opposing the government. On March 2nd, 1957, a number of Chulalongkorn Students, who were leaders of this movement to oppose the Election, flew the national flag at half mast to mourn the death of the country’s democracy before marching to the Ministry of the Interior and the Government House. A large number of people who were dissatisfied with the election result joined the demonstration and so did students from other educational institutions. Students’ rallies in 1957 to oppose the General Election One Hundred Years of Chula 55

61. Chulalongkorn Student Campaign Against Japanese Merchandise

The first student movement that affected the whole country took place in 1971 when the Centre of Students in Thailand launched their campaign against Japanese merchandise because they considered that Japanese economical domination was a major threat to the country. At that time, Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic deficit with Japan was very high. The student movement coincided with the governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s policy to narrow the economic gap with Japan and, at the same time, promote the use of Thai products. A large number of Chulalongkorn students took part in the campaign by, encouraging people to use coarse white cotton fabric made in Thailand Daimaru Department Store to make their clothes instead of Japanese The Thai at the Rajdamri Arcade manufactured materials. As well as displaying posters and organizing discussions as part of their campaign, Chulalongkorn students supplied coarse white, cotton shirts for sale on the campus and encouraged their fellow students to wear them. One important campaigner was Therayuth Boonmee, an Engineering student. There were seamstresses who were willing to make short-sleeved white cotton shirts for 20 Baht each and long-sleeved white cotton shirts for 25 Baht each. That was extremely inexpensive. The campaign made a number of Thais realize the importance of using Thai products and demonstrated how student movements started to play a leading role in public protest that has continued to today. Though the opposition to Japanese merchandise was not as successful as expected, what was more important was the way in which the students became unified and forced the mass media to start publicizing the activities of the Centre of Students in Thailand instilling a sense of patriotism among students. Students campaigning against Japanese merchandise by gathering on the steps of the Thai Daimaru Department Store, displaying placards to protest against those who shopped there. Photographs of students opposing Japanese merchandise in front of the Thai Daimaru Department Store at the Rajadamri Arcade. One Hundred Years of Chula

62. Being Alert to the Country’s Problems and Demanding a Constitution Prior to the October 14th, 1973 Political Uprising

By 1973, Chulalongkorn students and those from other universities were much more alert to politics. It was remarkable that they organized discussions on the topics related to the country’s problems as well as writing more and publishing books about these problems. One important incident occurred when the Centre of Students in Thailand submitted a request to the government to have the Constitution promulgated within 6 months, resulting in 13 members of the “Group Demanding the Constitution” being arrested on rebellion charges. Some of these members were former Chulalongkorn Students. These arrests sparked protests against the government at Thammasat University. Administrative members of Chulalongkorn University Students’ Club agreed to support the protests, urging Chulalongkorn students to boycott examinations and to take part in the demonstrations. They gathered in the area around the University flag pole and marched to join other protesters at Thammasat University. The situation rapidly became critical and developed into the October 14th, 1973 Political Uprising.

Records of the incident when students and the general public gathered to protest against the government, leading to the October 14th, 1973 October Uprising.

63. Project for the Promotion of Democracy for People in Rural Areas

During the summer vacation of 1974, the Student Centre of Thailand was granted a budget from the government, under Prime Minister Sanya Dhammasakdi, to organize a project for the promotion of democracy by sending students to disseminate knowledge to rural people across the country in order to educate them about human rights and how to employ their rights in making demands according 57

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to the democratic process. The project also supplied knowledge about laws necessary to the way of life at present, for example, births, deaths and how to contact governmental offices. The longer the Chula-Rural Voluntary Development Camp has survived, the more activities it has developed. This can be seen in the larger number of students from different Faculties who have applied to become volunteers in projects initiated by the Camp. They are able to obtain first- hand information about backward rural society and the hardships experienced by farmers.

“Volunteering to Help People and Develop Rural Areas” 64. Pioneering Students’ Voluntary Camps

Chulalongkorn University is the first institution of higher education to pioneer student voluntary camps, organized as an external curricular activity of the Chulalongkorn University Students’ Club. This is due to the fact that voluntary camps were supported by UNESCO and they had been considered as part of young people’s activities since 1957 when UNESCO had the Youths’ Leaders Camp organized in the State of Gujarat in India. At that time, Vichit Srisa-an, a Chulalongkorn University student took part in the programme. After his return from the Camp, he established a students’ voluntary camp at Chulalongkorn University and the camp was launched on October 28th, 1959 in Ban Nalaobok, Nong Yao Sub-district, Chachoengsao Province. It used a hall in a temple as its site. The camp’s important project involved building a 2.5 kilometre road to connect the village with the main road. When the road was completed, members of the camp and local people named it Chularathsamukhkhi Road. The students also helped local people to cultivate a prototype pineapple plantation and named it the Chularathphathana Plantation. As well as the major projects which provided what local people needed and instilled a sense of leadership in the voluntary students, there were other activities that promoted education for children. These activities were, for example, creating teaching materials, giving lessons to children, organizing games and recreational activities appropriate to the children’s ages, building a playground and building men’s and women’s lavatories in schools. This voluntary camp was participated in by 49 students from 7 Faculties. The activities of voluntary camps of this kind have continued ever since and they have become examples for other universities to follow.

On October 27th, 1959, members of the voluntary camp took a group photo in front of the Chakrabongse Building before departing for Ban Laonabok, Nongyao Sub-district, Phanom Sarakham District, Chachoengsao Province. One Hundred Years of Chula

1. On October 27th, 1959, members of the voluntary camp getting ready to leave the Chakrabongse Building. 2. The way to the camp site was rough and tough; the students had to help push the car when it was broken or got stuck in the muddy road. 3. Arriving at the village, members of the camp were greeted by young local pupils. 4. The ambience of the village, villagers and pets in front of the campsite. 5. The members of the camp taking a group photo with government officials and local people 6. The road construction project began with clearing a copse to create a passageway. 7. Part of the school grounds being turned into a pineapple plantation. 8. The name plaque of the pineapple plantation, “Chularathphathana”. 9. After the road was finished, members of the camp helped to paint its name, “Chularath samukhkhi”. 10. When returning to visit the villagers in Ban Laobok to see what they had created for them, the members of the camp took pictures at the front of the community hall where they had stayed.

65.The Yuva Visavakorn Borpit (The King’s Young Engineers) Camp

The Yuva Visavakorn Borpit, a voluntary development camp for students of the Faculty of Engineering, originated from the Project for Establishing a Voluntary Development Camp under the Engineering Students’ Voluntary Development Club, which aimed to provide social welfare to people. The Project was founded in 1969 because there were major floods in the South that had damaged and destroyed many roads, making it difficult to transport farm produce. Students of the Faculty of Engineering discussed these problems and decided that road construction or road repair was related to public works so they were able to lend a helping hand. They went on a survey of the routes in Prachuab Khiri Khan Province and found a route leading to an agricultural community settlement in Ow Noi Sub-district. This route had served for transporting agricultural produce to the outside world. However, the floods had damaged the route and transportation had become difficult. So, the students decided to build a permanent bridge there. They used the 59

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bridge blueprint of the Department of Highways and gained part-financial support from the Faculty of Engineering. Because the budget they had received was not sufficient for their operation, the students wrote to the King to inform him of the details of their activities. The King donated his private funds to enable the students to finish their project and said this to them, “Behave like mature adults and be careful. Make sure that what you are doing is not blown out of proportion.” After that, the students began the construction of a permanent wooden bridge. It was the first piece of work by the Engineering students in a voluntary development project of this kind and it has continued since then. The name, “Yuva Visavakorn Borpit” was first used in 1971 when the King gave this name to a suspension bridge built by the Voluntary Development Club of the Faculty of Engineering during a summer camp at Ban Muangchum, Monpin Sub-district, Phang District, Chiang Mai Province. Originally, the villagers had asked the King for a bridge and he had the Engineering students build this bridge upon request. After the bridge had been completed, the King named it, the “Yuva Visavakorn Borpit” Bridge and he had Privy Councillor Sanya Dhammasakdi attend its opening ceremony. Later, at the request of the Faculty of Engineering, the King named all constructions built in the public interest in rural areas by the Voluntary Development Club, “Yuva Visavakorn Borpit”. In 1976, he named a dyke built in Ban Hong, On Tai Sub-distrct, San Kamphaeng District, Chiang Mai Province, “Yuva Visavakorn Borpit 5”. The King also presided over the opening ceremony of the Yuva Visavakorn Borpit 5 Sluice and on this occasion he granted a royal audience to lecturers and students from the Faculty of Engineering. The Voluntary Development Club of the Faculty of Engineering has continued to organize voluntary development camps every year until today. These camps have built permanent structures in rugged areas for the benefit of local people. The things they have constructed include permanent wooden bridges, concrete bridges, dykes and classroom buildings. Surveys and assessments have shown that the structures built by the Voluntary Development Club have remained useful to local people. They have provided them with progress and a better life. The Camp’s project, each year, is difficult and challenging work which starts from surveying the One Hundred Years of Chula

site of the project, then specifying the characteristics of the construction, design, a campaign for financial support and project management to ensure that it meets the deadline. The students have to coordinate with local people and to live with them while undertaking the campâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activities. The students have nobly dedicated themselves to the activities of their camp.

66. Chulalongkorn University and Solutions to Problems in Thai Society: the Tsunami

Early Sunday morning of December 26th, 2004, there was a violent undersea earthquake off the Western shore of Sumatra, resulting in a disastrous Tsunami that devastated lives and property. Over 280,000 lives in the area around the Indian Ocean were lost. This disaster affected people in 6 provinces located along the Andaman Coastâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Ranong, Pang Nga, Phuket, Krabi and Satool Provinces. Most of the damaged areas were significant to the tourist industry which had yielded a large amount of income to the country so this disaster had a negative impact on the overall health of Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy. To provide aid and to solve immediate problems, particularly those that affected lives, health and property were considered to be priorities. The work units and personnel of Chulalongkorn University went to help victims to alleviate immediate problems in the damaged areas and to provide 61

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long term assistance after the immediate damage had passed. Chulalongkorn University played a role in providing help and seeking solutions to the problems caused by the Tsunami in the following ways: 1. Support in Urgent Disastrous Relief Services In collaboration with Chulalongkorn General Hospital and work units affiliated to the Thai Red Cross Society, the Faculty of Medicine sent a team of 117 doctors and nurses to examine and operate on injured people and transfer seriously ill patients for further medical treatment to hospital as well as to collaborate in performing autopsies on bodies to establish the identity of the deceased. A team of dentists was sent to establish individual identity through dental evidence. The Faculty of Nursing and students in the Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree Programme, who were attending classes in Trang Province and other academic institutions helped to promote healthcare in the disastrous areas. The Faculty of Communication Arts set up an IT Centre to disseminate news and information to the public. Later, the Faculty of Law sent lecturers and students, together with officials of the Ministry of Justice, to give legal assistance and to provide victims with the necessary official documents. 2. Supporting the Restoration of Natural Resources and the Environment Chulalongkorn University realized how necessary it was to support the restoration of natural resources and the environment and considered it was an appropriate time to restore the natural surroundings that had been damaged by the disaster and, at the same time, devise regulations for the protection of natural resources and the environment, which would, in turn, contribute to the sustainable development of other areas and reduce the risk of damage caused by other disastrous factors. 3. Supporting the Renovation of Communities, the Economy and Society Chulalongkorn University was aware that social, economic and health conditions had an impact on the quality of life and the dignity of people in the damaged areas. An operational plan for an integrated and full-cycle renovation had to be set up, based upon knowledge and information that was systematically planned and managed. The Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s faculty members, students and academics from different fields thus joined hands to set up a long-term and continuing operational plan and implemented that plan to cover different dimensions in the social, economic, physical and mental health as well as environmental aspects. 4. Coordination in Order to Gain Assistance and Support from Foreign Countries and International Organizations Chulalongkorn University, in coordinating with the government, played a leading role in setting up programmes that attracted support from foreign countries and international organizations that offered to help. One Hundred Years of Chula

67. Chulalongkorn University and the Mitigation of the Great Floods in Bangkok and Its Vicinity

When the country faced one of the worst floods in Thai history from October to November 2011, Chulalongkorn University came up with measures to help its personnel and students and people in general in Bangkok and the vicinity. Students who were affected by the floods were provided with financial assistance in the form of scholarships, registration postponement and temporary housing. Short-term and long-term assistance was provided for personnel in the form of emergency loans from the Co-Op Bank, temporary housing and parking spaces and special leave of absence was granted to those who were not able to come to work on a regular basis. Long-term assistance was in the form of University loans for housing renovation and other kinds of spending after the floods. In offering social relief services, Chulalongkorn University organized 4 main projects and activities as follows: 1. Distributing survival bags. 2. Coordinating with the Phuen Pheung Pha (Bha) Yam Yak Foundation in establishing a kitchen to cook food for the distribution of at least 12,000 sets of food to flood victims in different communities. 3. Serving as a refuge centre for people. 4. Devising new schemes to help society; a number of University personnel joined the Working Group for Solving the Problems Caused by the Great Floods. Chulalongkorn University undertook the operational process in solving problems in a full-cycle manner and the activities undertaken were to be divided into 3 periods as follows:

The 1st Phase: Preparation Before the Flood

• Faculty members who were specialists in floods were gathered to produce academic documents relating to concepts of sustainable flood prevention and solutions, • Establishing an Ad Hoc Disaster Management Centre to serve as an integral managing centre, • Appointing a Coordinating Committee for the Assistance of Flood Victims to set up a policy and plans to help, coordinate and assess the results of the daily activities. This Committee held a meeting every day, even on public holidays, • Appointing a host to be responsible for every activity, • Preparing to communicate with the public during the flood crisis by appointing a Communication Working Group in Time of Crisis in order to ensure a uniformity of communication. 63

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The 2nd Phase: Management During the Time of Floods • Collecting information from Chulalongkorn University academics and volunteers who had been working in flooded areas, as well as secondary information from the government and private sector, • Analyzing the information collected from different sources, • Specifying 10 major problems caused by the Great Floods and the University’s potential to help solve all these 10 problems as follows: 1. Problems caused by a shortage of food, 2. Problems caused by a shortage of shelters, 3. The shortage of consumables, 4. Problems related to pets, 5. Problems relating to a the shortage of animals that yield economic profit, 6. Public health problems, 7. Problems related to safety, 8. Problems related to transportation during the time of floods, 9. Problems caused by a lack of reliable information, 10. Providing relief services to flood victims.

The 3rd Phase: Post-Flood Restoration and Sustainable Flood Solutions

• Building a 1.6 kilometre wooden bridge at the exit of the Don Mueang Toll Way to enable flood victims to access different housing projects, • Publishing the Restoration after the Floods Manual, a common domestic version to be distributed to flood victims, • Selecting a few flooded areas representative of those in Bangkok and in the provinces to be handled by knowledgeable Chulalongkorn personnel in terms of the environment, city/town planning, maps, public health, education, social issues, occupational revival, pets and animals that yield economic profit, precautionary planning, warning and evacuation. • Gathering academics to expand their knowledge to provide academic materials about sustainable flood solutions to be further submitted to relevant people.

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1. Mobile medical unit to give medical treatment to flood victims in different areas. 2. Building a wooden bridge for communities. 3. Setting up a shelter centre for the general public. 4. Volunteer students receiving donations for flood victims. 5. The Faculty of Engineering presenting boats to flood victims. 6. The Faculty of Engineering producing a device for detecting electricity leakages. 7. Making life-jackets from plastic bottles. 8. Volunteer students preparing and distributing survival bags to flood victims. 9. Volunteer students visiting flooded areas to help and to distribute survival bags to people in different areas. 10. Chulalongkorn Kitchen for flood victims, established to solve the shortage of ready to eat meals. 11. Chulaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Refuge for Animalsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Mansri Waterworks Office 12. Integral Restoration after the Floods 65

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68. Academic Services to the Public

Chulalongkorn University is aware that educational administration according to the curricula is insufficient to respond to the needs of society. It has deemed it appropriate to expand its role in transferring and disseminating knowledge from the University to society at large at both the national and international level. This will lead to social development and the lifelong learning of people at all social levels and of all ages, occupations and educational backgrounds without any limitation of place or time. The Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work units that offer academic services to society at large are, for example;

The Chula Unisearch

Founded on February 14th, 1986, Chulalongkorn Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Academic Service Centre or the Chula Unisearch has the aim of applying the knowledge and academic disciplines of the University to the operations of both the government and private sector. The Chula Unisearch thus serves as the Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s centre of human resources in multi-disciplinary areas and is able to provide services to both the public and private sector in the form of research, consultancy and personnel development as a way of Professor Dr. Pirom Kamolratanakul, making practical use of knowledge. The President of Chulalongkorn University, academic services offered by the Unisearch unveiling the plaque of the Chula Unisearch. cover the areas of education, energy, the environment, finance, public health, industry, demography, telecommunications, information technology, tourism, communications and transportation, city/town development, public waterworks and municipality.

The Continuing Education Center at Chulalongkorn University

The Continuing Education Center at Chulalongkorn University is an entrepreneurial unit of the University, established with the aim of providing academic services in the form of training to both the public and private sector, to produce teaching and learning materials and to advertise them to people of all ages, occupations and educational backgrounds in order to support a lifelong learning policy One Hundred Years of Chula

The iOS Training Fundamental

and to establish Thai society as a learning society. The services provided by the Continuing Education Center consist of training outside and inside the University and the use of long distant teaching and learning materials via the Internet. Since its establishment, the Center has shown its ability to organize training and produce media and it has steadily progressed until now it is accepted by the public and private sector as well as the general public.

The Center of Learning Network for the Region (CLNR)

In 1995, the government policy was to establish core universities to provide services in higher education to regional areas in order to offer Bachelor’s Degree education at a local level; in other words, the government wanted to establish new universities in local areas. However, there was a shortfall in budget and political pressure that wanted to establish more than 30 new universities. Consequently, the government, through the University Bureau, reduced the size of the project by expanding the IT campuses instead of promulgating a new Act relating to the establishment of new universities. In the case of Chulalongkorn University, the University’s Council did not approve the idea of establishing a new campus because the University did not have a policy to establish new campuses. Chulalongkorn University had to remain a single entity but at the same time it was able to support the government’s policy by refining its academic readiness, personnel and location for when the Establishing New Universities Act was promulgated in order to establish universities in specific areas. The University Bureau approved this idea and, with the Cabinet’s consent, Chulalongkorn University was able to proceed with establishing higher education institutes in Nan, Trang and Sri Saket Provinces and these institutes became known as “Institutes of Advanced Technology”. They focused on academic development in the locale and their aim was to establish centres for specialization in order to encourage research activities in accordance with the needs of local communities. Chulalongkorn University has the potential to implement this policy because of its readiness which comes from the local institutes of higher education, cooperation from provincial administrations, the strength and cooperation of local people and the economic and social foundations. At present, the Center of Learning Network for the Region has 4 operational areas, which are;

1. The Central Administrative Section, located on the 7th Floor, the Chamchuri 5 Building, Chulalongkorn University,

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2. The Pha Singh Research and Technological Transference Station (the Center of Learning and Academic Service Network of Chulalongkorn University) PhaSingh Sub-district, Meuang District, Nan Province.

2.1. Vijjakham Building 1, the venue of the Center Office, classrooms and the library 2.2. Vijjakham Building 2 2.3. Experiment Building Complex, a pen for goats

3. The Lai Nan Research and Technological Transference Station (The Research Station for Selecting and Cultivating Animal Breeds) Lai Nan sub-district, Wieng Sa District, Nan Province.

3.1. Wieng Sa Building 1, a Multi-Purpose Building 3.2. Wieng Sa Building 3, the Office of Research Services 3.3. Wieng Sa Building 4, the Dormitory 3.4. Frog Raising Demonstration Farm, the Centre for Frog Raising in an Organic Agricultural way

4. Project for the Establishment of the Office for the Management of Chula-Sraburi Land, Kaeng Koy District, Sraburi Province 4.1. Sraburi Building 1, the Conference Room 4.2. Sraburi Building 2

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69. Chulalongkorn University and the Expansion of Equal Educational Opportunities to Rural Areas and the Support of Students with Special Talents to Study at Chulalongkorn University

Following the intention of King Chulalongkorn, who laid the foundation for the birth of Chulalongkorn University, the University has, from the start, made it a policy to give equal educational opportunities to everyone in society. This policy is in accordance with the 3rd National Educational Development Plan, which contained one important issue—creating educational equality because the government had found that educational equality was still limited; rural young people did not have an equal chance to education. For this reason, Chulalongkorn University has launched a number of projects to select young students in rural areas to give them the privilege of attending the University via a special application; for example,

• The Project to Admit Students in Rural Areas to Study at Chulalongkorn University (The Chula-Rural Area Project), • The Project for the Promotion of the Study of Medicine for Rural People, • The Project to Increase the Number of Medical Doctors for Rural People, • The Project for the Dissemination of Medical Doctors: One District, One Scholarship, • The Project Relating to the Government’s Large Investment in Public Health, • The Project to Increase the Number of Dentists, • The Project for Admitting Thai Islamic Students from 5 Southern Border Provinces to Study in the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, • The Project for Selecting Thai Students from 4 Southern Border Provinces to Study in the Faculty of Economics.

An old photograph of the students in the Chula-Rural Area Project, the 4th batch “Creating a dream in rural children to enter the University”

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The University not only gives the opportunity to rural students to continue their studies at Chulalongkorn University but it also encourages its lecturers and students to experience the way of life of rural people and learn their problems so as to be exposed to the cause of the problems and, thus, be able to apply their knowledge to the development of the quality of life. These projects are for example: • The Teaching and Learning Project for Rural Development, • The Teaching and Learning Project to Acquire Experience, • The Interdisciplinary Camping Project for Rural Development.

As well as special projects for rural students, Chulalongkorn University has also established other types of special programme to support students who have special talents so that they will be able to make use of their potential for the benefits of society. Projects of this kind are, for example,

• The Project for the Development and Promotion of Students with Special Talents in Science, • The Academic Olympics Project for Special Admission to the Faculty of Science, • The Project for the Development of Manpower in Science (Thailand’s Scholarships for Students Who Are Good at Science), • The Project for the Development of Children and Adolescents Who are Talented in Science to Enter the Faculty of Science via a Special Procedure, • The Academic Olympics Project for Special Admission to the Faculty of Medicine (in Biology), • The Project for Special Admission of Students to the Thai Language and Literature Programme, • The Project on a New Way to Study Medicine, • The Project for Admitting Talented Students at Sport on a National Level, • The Projects for Admitting Talented Students in Art, • The Project for the Selection of Students to Study Thai Architecture in the Faculty of Architecture.

70. Granting Scholarships

As well as giving the chance to rural students and those who are underprivileged to enter Chulalongkorn University through special programmes, which enable selected students to be financially supported by the University or other organizations that collaborate with the University, the University also offers different kinds of financial support to those who enter the University via the regular process but may later face financial problems. This support may be in the form of scholarships allocated by the University itself or scholarships from outside; for example, • Scholarships for Needy Students (Non-repayable grants) • Temporary Student Loans, One Hundred Years of Chula

• Scholarships for Students with a Good Academic Record or Those Who Give of Themselves to Others, • Government Loans for Studying.

Chulalongkorn University adheres to the policy that its students will not have to drop out due to financial shortage.

1. The scholarship presentation ceremony of the Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation in Thailand. 2. Chulalongkorn University presented 6 scholarships under the “4th Year Dreaming and Sharing with Society Project” to students of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University.

“Leading Thai Society to the International Scene” 71. SEATO Graduate School of Engineering: a Step Towards International Programmes

SEATO is the abbreviation for the SouthEast Asian Treaty Organization. The Organization was founded in 1954 with the objective of preventing the expansion of Communism in South-East Asia during the Cold War. Later, there was an agreement among the allied members of the Treaty to promote collaboration in education, particularly in advanced engineering. This collaboration was not limited to academic development in engineering only but also included economic development and the development of the quality of life, which were considered to be of significance to political security and peace in society. Chulalongkorn University was chosen as the site of the SEATO Graduate School of Engineering that was established in 1959. The Master’s Degree Programme of the SEATO Graduate School of Engineering met all the standards required for an 71

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international programme making it the first international programme at Chulalongkorn University. In 1966, the Cabinet consented to the SEATO Graduate School of Engineering changing to become an independent institute that was no longer affiliated to Chulalongkorn University. It became known as the Institute of Technology and it remained on the Chulalongkorn University campus for a further six years. The name of the institute was subsequently changed to the Asian Institute of Technology or, as it became generally known, the AIT.

72. Production of Master’s Degree Graduates in Business Administration in the Age of Globalization

The conflicts that had been caused by the Cold War in the South-East Asian region were gradually resolved after the U.S. withdrew from Vietnam. This was followed by a revival of commercial contacts, economic relationships and investment. For this reason, not long afterwards, another important international programme was established at Chulalongkorn University. In 1982, the University initiated the Project for the Production of Master’s Degree Graduates in Business Administration, which subsequently became the Graduate Institute of Business Administration at Chulalongkorn University and focused on Business Administration, Marketing, Management and related disciplines. This reflected the condition of the country during that time. Aiming to become internationally and universally accepted, the Institute the University collaborated with two American universities that had been listed among the top ten in Business Administration-the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University and the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. On the fifth cycle birthday celebration of His Majesty the King on December 5th, 1987, the King gave the Institute a new name, “Sasin”, and since then it has been officially known as the “Sasin Graduate Institute of Business Administration at Chulalongkorn University”. It is the first institute in Thailand to have been accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).

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73. Publicizing “Thainess” on the International Scene

International programmes at Chulalongkorn University are not solely limited to those that offer courses of study in advanced knowledge from abroad. There is also a unique international programme, the Thai Studies Programme, which aims to publicize different aspects of Thailand to the international scene. Established in 1991 within the responsibility of the Faculty of Arts, the Inter-disciplinary Programme in Thai Studies has integrated knowledge in Thai politics, economics, society, culture and different aspects of development in Thailand.

As well as running the Thai Studies Programme as an international programme, the University also developed the Thai Studies Project under the University’s Academic Affairs to become the Thai Studies Institute—a research unit responsible for conducting research in all areas related to Thai Studies. With the support of the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), it subsequently launched the Project for an Empowering Network for International Thai Studies (ENITS). The main objective of the Institute is to foster academic excellence in Thai Studies at an international level in Thai universities and to build a Thai Studies network at both the national and international level.

74. Management of South-East Asian Studies

As well as giving importance to the study of different aspects of Thailand and the Thai people, Chulalongkorn University became aware that the South-East Asian Region was an area that would gain more attention from different nations in the future because at the time the world community was becoming more attracted to the region. Thailand, as one of the countries of the Southeast Asian 73

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region, would be able to serve as the centre of Southeast Asian Studies and so, the University established the Southeast Asian Studies Programme in 1998 with the collaboration of the Faculty of Arts and the Institute of Asian Studies.

The first Asian Art and Cultural Tour to the Kingdom of Cambodia from May 10th to 12th, 2013.

75. Management of the Study of Other Regions

In this age of the borderless world, the more Thailand develops or acquires knowledge about other countries or other regions, the more it will have the chance to enjoy progress and develop its competitiveness in the international arena in the economic and social spheres as well as in international relations. This may well result in greater security to the nation. Chulalongkorn University has, therefore, expanded its range of regional studies, which first covered only Thai and South-East Asian Studies, to other regions, for example, European Studies, Russian Studies, Indian Studies, American Studies and Latin American Studies. All these areas offer academic curricula, conduct research, provide information and disseminate knowledge about their region to the general public. The Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s development plan that aims to upgrade its status to that of an international university can be seen in the 8th and the 9th Chulalongkorn University Development Plans, which specify collaboration with and service provision to the international community in order to enable Chulalongkorn University to become a gateway for this region and the international community. The Plans also aim to establish the University as an academic reference centre and this will have an impact on the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic and social development as well as its security.

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1. Under the auspices of the “Approaching the European Union Project,” on February 22nd, 2011, Chulalongkorn University lecturers and students in the Master’s Degree Programme in European Studies attended a lecture at the Embassy of Belgium in Bangkok on the subject of promoting the Thai-Belgian and Thai-EU relationship as well as the major mission of the Royal Thai Embassy and the Thai Delegation to the EU in Brussels. 2. On July 24th, 2009, H.E. Mr. Sergey V. Lavrov, the Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation, visited Chulalongkorn University and gave a special lecture on “The Thai-Russian Relationship and Russian Policy towards the Asian-Pacific Countries”. 3. The signing ceremony of the Agreement on collaboration between Chulalongkorn University and the Thai-Russian Chamber of Commerce on June 2nd, 2009.

4. On March 12th, 2009, the University held a press conference on the bilateral collaboration between Chulalongkorn University and organizations and institutions of the Russian Federation, in celebration of the 112th anniversary of the establishment of the diplomatic relationship between the two countries. 5. The exhibition and performances at the opening ceremony of the Indian Studies Center at Chulalongkorn University on March 6th, 2012.

6. A special lecture by a group of experts on Latin American Studies.

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76. Promoting International Relations: Foreign Leadersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Visits to Chulalongkorn University

Chulalongkorn University also plays an important role in promoting good relationships with foreign countries. It has had the opportunity to welcome foreign leaders and, sometimes, present them with Doctoral Degrees (Honoris Causa), for example, 1. President Lyndon B. Johnson of the U.S.A., 2. President Bill Clinton of the U.S.A., 3. Emperor Akihito of Japan, 4. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, 5. President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam.

President Lyndon B. Johnson of the U.S.A. and his wife visiting Chulalongkorn University, where he was conferred with a Doctoral Degree in Political Science (Honoris Causa) by the King of Thailand.

President Bill Clinton of the U.S.A. and his wife, Hillary, visiting Chulalongkorn University, where he was presented with a Doctoral Degree (Honoris Causa).

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Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko of Japan visiting Chulalongkorn University.

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom during her first visit to Chulalongkorn University. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom during her second visit to Chulalongkorn University

President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam visiting the Chulalongkorn University Central Library.

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“The Fourth Exhibition Area: Flowers/Products of the Chamchuree”

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Accumulating in order to Build Up Knowledgeâ&#x20AC;? As well as administering teaching and learning and conducting research many Faculties and work units at Chulalongkorn University have established museums related to their academic expertise. These museums collect information about the history and the development of their disciplines and present it to the public. For this reason, Chulalongkorn University has several museums overseen by different Faculties and work units, some of which are as follows:

77. The Museum of the Human Body

The Museum of the Human Body is located on th the 9 floor of the Thantaphaetayasart Chalerm Navamaraj 80 Building in the Faculty of Dentistry. It is one of eleven museums of this kind and the first in Southeast Asia to display the human body through the Plastinated Human Bodies technique. This technique replaces liquid and fat in body tissue with a liquid plastic solution that helps to eliminate unpleasant chemical odours allowing it to remain in its original condition for a long time. The Museum, which is valued at over 100 million Baht, exhibits the bodies and parts of humans that are classified into groups. The exhibited items consist of human bodies in full form, dissected human bodies, foetuses, organs, muscles and cast pieces showing the vascular system. The Museum originated with the donation of human bodies and organs to Chulalongkorn University by Mr. Katsumi Katamura, the President of Medical Doctor Soft House Company Limited, at the suggestion of Professor Kachsuhiro Eito, a former Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Medicine and Dentistry in Tokyo.

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78. The Vach Vidyavaddhana Museum

Located on the 1st floor of the Vach Vidyavaddhana Building in the Faculty of Dentistry, the Vach Vidyavaddhana Museum was established in 1982 in memory of Luang Vach Vidyavaddhana, the founder and first Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry, and to celebrate the Bicentenary of Bangkok. It presents a collection of the biographies and photographs of lecturers and alumni of the Faculty of Dentistry, documents as well as dental tools and devices for study and use as references for dentists and the general public. The most invaluable and historical asset of the Museum is the dental master unit where the King received dental care.

One Hundred Years of Chula

79. Chulalongkorn University Memorial Hall

Chulalongkorn University Memorial Hall is divided into 2 parts: the first part is the Chakrabongse Building, which serves as an office, a venue for permanent and temporary exhibitions and a museum displaying valuable items related to the history of the University; the second part, located on the 15th floor of the Boromratchakumari Building, is an archive containing documents and providing services related to documents, books and media about Chulalongkorn University’s history.

80. The International Tipitaka Hall

The International Tipitaka Hall on the 2nd floor of the Maha Chulalongkorn Building is one of the most complete collections for the study and research of the Tipitaka Buddhist Scriptures. It originated with the establishment of the Sontana Dhamma Num Suk Foundation under the Patronage of the Supreme Patriarch, organized by Thanphuying Maneerat Bunnag, an alumnus of the Faculty of Arts. The Foundation presented international Tipitaka Scriptures to the Faculty of Arts in dedication to the Dhamma or the Buddhist Teachings. This is the source of the Tipitaka Buddhist Scriptures, written in different languages and their accompanying doctrines, of not less than 2,000 volumes. It was officially opened on September 20th, 2000. As well as collecting international Tipitaka Scriptures, this place also organizes different kinds of activities, for example, special lectures and discussions on topics related to Buddhism, which are also open to the general public. It also offers a course, “The Tipitaka and the Way of Life” to students.

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81. The Tai-Kadai Museum

Located in the Maha Vajiravudh Building in the Faculty of Arts, the Tai-Kadai Museum houses clothes and accessories of women of the Tai-Kadai tribe and those of other tribes in the Segon District in the South of Laos. The collected items come from the fieldwork research conducted by Prof. Dr. Pranee Kullavaijaya and Prof. Dr. Theraphan Luangthongkum, who organized the Tai-Kadai Museum Project as part of the celebrations for Her Majesty Queen Sirikitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 60th birthday anniversary in 1992.

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82. The Museum of Natural Medicine

The Museum of Natural Medicine is located on the 3rd floor of the Osothsala Building in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. It was founded from the Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objective to collect and conserve examples of Thai and foreign medicinal herbs, pharmaceutical instruments, different kinds of knowledge and the evolution of pharmacy from the past to the present so that the Museum could be used as a source of references that was able to provide accurate knowledge and understanding to students. It was opened on March 26th, 2001 by Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. On the same day, the Osothsala Building was inaugurated and the Princess and University administrators visited the Museum which contains the following: 1. The history of pharmacy and the evolution of tools for making Thai medicine from the past to the present, including an authoritative baton and the red sash of royal doctors, medicine grinders, machines for making medicinal tablets and capsules and weighing machines, 2. Thai medicinal ingredients and an account of the evolution of the use of herbal medicine, 3. A database of interesting herbs on the computer with pictures, properties, chemicals, usages and warnings. 4. Videos on interesting herbs and the history of Thai pharmacy. As well as staging exhibitions, the Museum also establishes cooperation and conducts academic exchanges with other museums of the same kind all over the world; an example being its sister institute- -the Institute of Oriental Medicine Research at Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.

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83. The Museum of Imaging and Printing Technology

Located in the Department of Imaging and Printing Technology at the Faculty of Science, the Museum of Imaging and Printing Technology was officially opened on July 19th, 1991. The Museum displays the development of cameras, photographic equipment and photographs from the past to the present, together with the progress in printing technology and printing materials. It is the first museum in Thailand to exhibit cameras for producing photographic art, printing and imaging technology in a specific and full-cycle manner.

84. The Museum of Animal Parasitology

Located in the Faculty of Veterinary Science, this Museum originated from the Parasitology Unitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s collecting of parasites inside and outside animals, consisting of, for example, worms, insects, fleas, ticks and protozoa. These were classified or grouped to enable students to learn from real life specimens. The collection grew larger and it was able to serve as a source of learning for students and those interested. The Museum displays examples of worms preserved in aqueous solution, tissue contaminated by worms, fleas, ticks and permanent slides of all types of parasite in cattle, domestic pets and wild animals.

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85. The Museum of Geology

The Museum of Geology, established in 1967 in the same year as the Geology Building, is located in the Department of Geology, on the ground floor of the Geology Building at the Faculty of Science. The Museum presents the cycle of rocks and minerals, the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rock groups according to the geological table, pre-historic fossils, including dinosaurs, and the natural fuel resources of the country. As well as permanent exhibitions, the Museum also organizes circulating exhibitions of research results and the applications of geology.

86. The Professor Kasin Suvatabandhu Herbarium

Founded in 1982 in memory of Professor Kasin Savatabandhu, a specialist in taxonomy, the Herbarium is located on the 4th floor of the Botany Building in the Department of Botany at the Faculty of Science. Its objectives are to serve as a source of information about plants that can be used as a database on plants in Thailand and to be a laboratory for students and lecturers in the Department of Biology. Permanent exhibitions are organized to give knowledge about the diversity of plants and there are also circulating exhibitions presenting topical knowledge about plants from the perspective of public interest.

One Hundred Years of Chula

87. The Museum of Natural History

“We are able to know ourselves through knowing nature and lives around us. If you want to study and enjoy yourself, you should visit the Museum of Natural History at Chulalongkorn University.” Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s speech on the occasion when she presided over the opening ceremony of the Museum of Natural History at Chulalongkorn University on November 25th, 1987.

The Museum of Natural History is under the supervision of the Department of Biology in the Faculty of Science. Located on the 2nd floor of the Biology 1 Building, the Museum has the mission to compile a combination of specimens of living things and natural resources that have been collected in the past and also those that have already been researched and those that are newly discovered, so as to serve as a source of academic reference. It holds exhibitions of examples of living things and natural resources; for example, skeletons of living creatures, different kinds of shells indigenous to Thailand, fossils found in Thailand, insights into the biology of bees and examples of fish and aquatic creatures in Thai Literature, such as the Manlai soft-shelled turtles that are found only in Thailand.

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“From the Palace to the Museum” 88. Daraphirom Palace

Daraphirom Palace, located in the Chao Sabai Garden, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province, was the residence of Princess Chao Dararasmi, a royal consort of King Chulalongkorn. The palace was built at King’s Vajiravudh’s command after the Princess requested the King’s permission to leave for Chiang Mai where she took up permanent residence after the death of her husband. In 1997, Chulalongkorn University was assigned to take care of the palace. The Daraphirom Project was launched to develop the surrounding plot of land and to renovate and conserve the palace as an example of a building that had been influenced by the Western architectural style and a museum was established. On December 9th, 1999, Her Royal Highness Princess Galayani Vadhna Krom Luang Narathiwat Rajanagarindra presided over the opening ceremony of the Daraphirom Palace Museum. The museum displays the life and activities of Princess Chao Dararasmi, her private belongings, gifts from King Chulalongkorn and letters written between the King and herself as well as the history of the Royal Family in the Northern Region.

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89. Phra Chudhadhuj Ratchasthan on Si Chang Island

Phra Chudhadhuj Ratchasthan, Thailandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only island palace, was built in 1889 as a summer palace for King Chulalongkorn and members of the royal family. The palace was named after Prince Chudhadhujdharadilok (Krom Khun Petchabune Indrachai). The conflict between Thailand and France in the 112th year of the Ratanakosin Era, involving armed forces landing on Si Chang Island and the closure of the Gulf of Thailand, caused the construction work in the palace grounds to stop. Later, at the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s command, some buildings were dismantled to be re-assembled at new locations. Since then, members of the royal family have stopped spending their summer vacation at this island palace. In 1978, Chulalongkorn University was presented with the right to use this palace by the Treasury Department. It founded the Marine Science Research Station and Centre for Student Training on this island and also carried out the task of conserving Phra Chudhadhuj Ratchasthan and renovating the buildings in the palace grounds. In 2002, Chulalongkorn University turned the palace into an historical tourist-site and established a museum. On January 12th, 2004, Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn presided over the opening ceremony of the Phra Chudhadhuj Ratchasthan Palace Museum. King Chulalongkorn wrote a poem describing the atmosphere of Phra Chudhadhuj Ratchasthan as a place that brings happiness of body and mind to the inhabitants of Si Chang Island. The pleasant natural ambience allows people enjoy their long life.

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The wooden house by the sea is assumed to have been a resort house for Westerners. Later it was renovated and used by members of the royal family when they came for medical treatment. Now the house serves as the Office of the Tourist Service Section and a venue for exhibitions of interesting places on Si Chang Island.

The Chedi-top Ordination Hall of Wat Asdangkhanimit was built to replace the former Wat Plai Laem. The distinctive characteristic of the Chedi is the decoration in Gothic art style; the windows and doors are in a pointed arched pattern and the light apertures are decorated with stained glass designs. The Vadhana Mansion The venue for exhibitions of major incidents on Si Chang Island during the reign of King Chulalongkorn.

The Phongsri Mansion The venue for exhibitions of the lives of members of the royal family and important people who played an important role in Si Chang Island in the past.

The Aphirom Mansion The venue for exhibitions of buildings and structures in the reign of King Chulalongkorn.

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90. The Cholatassathan Museum

King Chulalongkorn wanted to arrange an exhibition of items that could be found on Si Chang Island. Therefore, on June 27th, 1891, he held an exhibition of seeds in honour of the Crown Prince Maha Vajiroonhis because he regarded it as a way of boosting the people’s morale and encouraging them to work hard to eke out a living. These seeds were classified according to their use. The King also had the Asdangkhawan Forest created in the style of a botanical garden containing a diversity of plants. The Forest was divided into three sections—Chulawan, Mahawan and Mutchimawan named after the three forests that appear in the Maha Vessandara Jataka. Following the example of King Chulalongkorn’s exhibitions at the Phra Chudhadhuj Ratchasthan Palace, Chulalongkorn University directed the Aquatic Resources Research Institute to build a natural museum on Si Chang Island and to name it “Cholatassathan”. As well as serving as a natural aquatic museum and a place for presenting the Institute’s research work, this museum also provides fundamental information about the natural resources in the area of Si Chang Island.

“Enhancing Thai Identity and Promoting Art and Culture” 91. The Resource of a Diversity of Knowledge About Thai Art and Culture

Chulalongkorn University recognizes the importance of promoting Thai art and culture as well as Thai wisdom. The perpetuation, conservation and dissemination of Thai art and culture is a major part of the University’s mission. So, since the University’s conception until now, it has offered classes in different branches of knowledge relating to Thai art and culture, for example, language and literature, history, civilization, architecture, fine arts, music and dance. It has also established a research institute that specifically conducts research into the conservation and promotion of Thai art and culture—the Thai Studies Institute. The University also supports the activities of different Students’ Clubs, for example, the Buddhist Club, the Thai Music Club, the Thai Art and Culture Club, the Lanna Club and the Northeasterners’ Club. Each year a number of students who are interested in art and culture join these clubs. 91

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92. The Chamchuri Art Gallery

Professor Dr. Kasem Suvannakul, a former President of Chulalongkorn University, was aware of the importance of valuable artworks created by Thai artists. So he collected and acquired the works of renowned artists and directed the Centre for the Promotion of Culture at Chulalongkorn University to take care of these works. They have been placed in various buildings on the University campus to create an artistic atmosphere and as a way of instilling a sense of aestheticism into Chula personnel and in all those who see them by uplifting their spirit. Later, the University deemed it appropriate to set up an art gallery on campus in order to continue supporting and publicize Thai artistsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; creative artworks. So, on December 5th, 2001, it established the Art Gallery at Chulalongkorn University. Its objective is to serve as a venue for exhibiting and publicizing artwork in general, as well as Chulalongkorn Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s valuable art collection, to the general public. The works of specialists, lecturers, students, personnel and artists in general have been displayed in rotation to the public.

Exhibition Room Second Floor

Exhibition Room 1

Exhibition Room 2

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93. The Art Center at the Center of Academic Resources

This Art Center is located on the 7th floor of the Center of Academic Resources (the Maha Theraracha Anusorn Building). It is a source of knowledge about contemporary Thai and foreign art and culture and gives the opportunity to those interested to experiment on new concepts outside conventional rules. The Art Center is run in the belief that creativity is a vital skill needed for graduates if they want to survive in the future. It has compiled information and research works on art and culture and has publicized creative activities to students and interested parties in the form of exhibitions of visual arts, for example, paintings, graphics, sculpture and photographs.

94. The Birth of the National Thai Language Day

The National Thai Language Day originated from the day when, on July 29th, 1962, His Majesty the King came to take part in a discussion, “Problems in the Use of Thai Words,” organized at an academic conference of the Thai Language Club in the Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University. The King showed interest and concern about problems in the use of the Thai language and his comments greatly impressed the attendees at the conference. Some of his comments were as follows: “We are fortunate to have had our own language since the olden days and it is appropriate for us to keep it. There are many specific problems in the use of the Thai language. One thing is that we should keep the pronunciation pure by making clear and correct pronunciation and keeping the language pure in use, which means the use of words in sentences. This is a major problem. The third problem is caused by the richness of Thai words. We think that our language is not rich enough so we tend to coin new words. These newly coined words may be quite important in academic circles but easy words should be available in our old language and we should not take the trouble to coin new words.” 93

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On July 13th, 1999, the Cabinet approved the celebration of July 29th of every year as the National Thai Language Day as a way of showing gratitude to the King for his ideas and guidelines in the use of the Thai language as well as to celebrate his 6th cycle birthday on December 5th, 1999. This day helps to make Thai people aware of the importance and value of their own language. In turn, it contributes to the promotion and conservation of the Thai language, which is part of our cultural identity and an asset, in order to ensure its continuation.

95. Thai-Styled Houses of Chulalongkorn University

Chulalongkorn University had a Thai-styled house complex built with the intention of creating a traditional Thai atmosphere on the University campus as well as building a permanent structure to commemorate three important occasionsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the 5th cycle birthday of His Majesty the King, the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the University in 1987 and the celebration of the Silver Jubilee of His Majesty the King in the following year. On March 26th, 1988, Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn attended the ceremony establishing the main post of the houses and the Buddhist chanting at the house warming ceremony. She also played the music as a blessing for the houses. The Thai-styled house complex was designed by Associate Professor Pinyo Suvannakhiri, a National Artist in Thai Architecture. It consists of five beautiful, Thai-styled houses where activities for the conservation and dissemination of Thai art and culture are regularly organized for students and the general public. One particular activity is the Chula Vathit, a Thai music and dance show, which was first performed in 1988 allowing students and personnel to enjoy traditional Thai art and publicizing it according to the Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mission.

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96. The Thai Digital Music Library of Chulalongkorn University

The Thai Digital Music Library Project was created in response to the University’s mission to conserve national art and culture and Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s initiative to conserve and promote knowledge of Thai music, which is the country’s artistic property and part of its identity. The library employs Information Technology to collect comprehensive information on music in an effective way. The academic information about Thai music, in this library, is difficult to obtain nowadays. The library offers different kinds of music information: sound information on narrative music which has been given by Princess Sirindhorn; sound information on mixed string musical groups that have been popular over the past 50 years; sound information from the Department of Fine Arts; and sound and image information from the Project for Recording Information of Chulalongkorn University from 1983 to the Present. The Project was implemented by having Thai musical groups from different government units, organizations or music schools that were continuing to play in the style of versatile music masters of the past, play for recording and picture taking sessions under the supervision of Ajarn Prasit Thavorn, the National Artist and Artist in Residence at Chulalongkorn University. The library has also compiled image and sound information as well as activities related to Thai music that are academically and historically important; for example, Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s participation in performances of the Pipat Duekdambun Orchestra as well as in other programmes organized by the University; the performances of music experts in the Chula Vathit Special Programmes; and the musical, dance and folk play performances in the Chula Vathit Programmes at the Thai-styled Houses. All the information has been recorded digitally and is approximately 100,000 minute in length, consisting of 8,000 songs. The search system is programmed and service is provided in the form of a multi-media Thai music library. It is the first library of this kind in Thailand and has assembled musical information that is most difficult to find nowadays. On March 26th, 2006, the Thai Digital Music Library started to provide a service. Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn inaugurated the Service Section of the Music Library, which is located on the 3rd floor of the Center of Academic Resources in the Maha Theraracha Anusorn Building. In 2011, the Office of Art and Culture Administration was moved to the Art and Culture Building and, since then, the 3rd floor of the Art and Culture Building has served as the Thai Music Library and has provided comprehensive services on Thai music.

97. The Peepaataya’ Dukdumban Orchestra

Chulalongkorn University formed the Peepaataya’ Dukdumban Orchestra in 1997 when there was a celebration of the King’s 5th cycle birthday, which coincided with the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the University, followed by the celebration of the King’s Silver Jubilee in 1998. The Peepaataya’ Dukdumban Orchestra is considered to be the highest form of Thai musicology. Different from other kinds of traditional Thai orchestras, the Peepaataya’ Dukdumban orchestra has to consist of highly skilled and experienced musicians. Chulalongkorn University has revived and continued this musical tradition through research work and teaching and study. To publicize the Peepaataya’ Dukdumban to the general public, the University has the orchestra perform on March 26th or the day of its establishment, every year. Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn has not only served as Honorary Chairperson of the Peepaataya’ Dukdumban Orchestra for over 20 years but she has also attended these performances and regularly participated over the years.

One Hundred Years of Chula

98. The CU Musical Band

The CU Band is a Big Band under the supervision of the Western Music Club of the Chulalongkorn University Students’ Club. It first performed at the Welcome Freshmen Day on July 27th, 1955. However during the 1960’s, the string band gained more popularity and so the CU Band did not perform much during this period. At the end of 1970, a group of students assembled and tried to a form a Big Band once again and it had the opportunity of performing on September 20th, 1972 when the King came to play music for the Chula Community in the Main Auditorium, on the day that became known “Royal Music” day. At present, the CU Band is well known at the university, national and international level. Proceeds from the performances are donated to public charities. Nowadays, their important annual activity is to perform on September 20th to commemorate “Royal Music” day when the Band first had the chance to play to a royal audience in 1972.

One Hundred Years of Chula

99. Chulalongkorn University Symphony Orchestra Under the Royal Patronage of Her Royal Higness Princess Galayani Vadhana, Krom Luang Narathivat Rajanagarindra

Chulalongkorn University Symphony Orchestra was formed on the occasion of the 73rd anniversary of the establishment of the University. It performed for the first time in March, 1990 and the event was presided over by Her Royal Highness Princess Galayani Vadhana, Krom Luang Narathivat Rajanagarindra and later the Princess welcomed the Symphony Orchestra under her patronage. Each year, this Symphony Orchestra will give approximately 20 performances in different formsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the Symphony Orchestra, the Chamber Orchestra and the Wind Musical Ensemble and Choruses. Sometimes, famous conductors are invited from abroad to conduct the musical performances as a way of promoting knowledge and experience for faculty members and students.

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100. Flowers/ Products of the Chamchuree

The Faculty of Architecture Acharn Nath Photiprasat was granted a scholarship from the Ministry of Education to study Architecture in England and he obtained a Bachelor of Architecture Degree in Construction from the University of Liverpool. After returning to his country, he laid the foundations for the study of Architecture in Thailand, starting with Poh Chang School. Following this, in 1932, the Ministry of Education transferred the teaching of Architecture to a department affiliated with the Faculty of Engineering at Chulalongkorn University. Its status was changed to that of an independent department and a faculty, respectively. Acharn Nath Photiprasat has thus been considered to be the initiator of the study of Architecture at the Bachelor’s Degree level in Thailand and he was one of the founders of the Association of Siamese Architects under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King. He served as President of the Association. The Faculty of Architecture Associate Professor Saeng-aroon Ratakasikorn obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture from Chulalongkorn University and following this became an instructor in the Faculty of Architecture. He was granted a Civil Service Commission scholarship to further his studies at a Master’s Degree level at Cornell University in the U.S.A. where he had the opportunity of working under the supervision of Frank Lloyd Wright, the world renowned American architect. As well as being an architect and a lecturer, he was versatile in many branches of art— painting, sculpture and writing. One of his well-known books is Saeng-aroon 2, which has been chosen as one of the 100 books that Thai people should read. The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Professor Dr. Chaveng Dechakaisaya M.D. is an important person who laid the foundations of the study of Medical Techniques at Chulalongkorn University, when this discipline was still affiliated with the Faculty of Medical Techniques at the University of Medicine. He served as Deputy Dean and Head of the Department of Clinical Microscopy as well as administering that part of the Faculty of Medical Techniques that was located in the compound of Chulalongkorn Hospital. Later, this part was transferred to the Department of Allied Autopsy Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn University 99

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and the Department changed to become the Department of Medical Techniques in the Faculty of Medicine as it so remained until it was separated from the Faculty of Medicine to become the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences â&#x20AC;&#x201D;the first Faculty of Allied Health Sciences in Thailand. The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Assistant Professor Dr. Piyaporn Na Nakhon was the first Dean of the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences. His teaching career at Chulalongkorn University started in 1978 when he became a lecturer, classification level 4, in the Department of Allied Autopsy Sciences, which was then in the Faculty of Medicine where it remained until 1992. He became Dean of the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences when the status and name of the Department of Medical Techniques was changed to the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and he served as Dean of this Faculty from 1992 to 2000. The Faculty of Science Professor Dr. Tab Nilanithi received a King Scholarship to study in England where obtained a Bachelor of Science Degree in Advanced Standard Chemistry from the University of Liverpool. Subsequently, he continued in the Honours School receiving a Bachelor of Science Degree (First Class Honours) in Chemistry. Following this, he was granted a scholarship by the Rockefeller Foundation to further his studies at Cornell University in the U.S.A., where he obtained a Ph.D. Then, he became a lecturer in the Faculty of Arts and Science at Chulalongkorn University, where he held a number of administrative positions, namely, Dean of the Faculty of Science, Dean of the Graduate School, Rector of the University and Chairman of the University Council. By royal command, he was appointed a member of the Royal Institute, serving in the Academy of Science.

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The Faculty of Science Professor Dr. Klum Vajarobol attended the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn University but his studies were interrupted when he was granted a scholarship enabling him to study in England. He did a Bachelor to a Doctoral Degree at the University of London. After that, in 1935, he became a lecturer in the Faculty of Science at Chulalongkorn University. He was an expert in Biology and pioneered the writing of textbooks on Biology in Thailand. In 1942, he was appointed, by royal command, a member of the Royal Institute in the field of Physiological Science. He was one of the first batch of members of the Academy of Science in the Royal Institute. In 1967, he was awarded a Doctoral Degree in Science (Honoris Causa) from Chulalongkorn University. The Faculty of Nursing Associate Professor Somkid Raksasat received a Master’s Degree in Nursing from Boston University in the U.S.A., and a Master of Education Degree in Educational Administration from Chulalongkorn University. In 1968, she started her teaching career as a lecturer, at the 2nd level, in the Faculty of Education at Chulalongkorn University. She became the first Dean of the Faculty of Nursing when the Department of Nursing at the Faculty of Education was elevated to the status of a Faculty in 1987. The Faculty of Nursing Professor Dr. Pranom Othakanon received a Bachelor’s Degree in Science (Nursing), a Bachelor of Education Degree (Secondary Education), a Master’s Degree in Science (Nursing) and a Ph.D. in Education (Research and Curriculum Development). She started in the civil service in 1965. She was an expert in Nursing and has produced a large number of academic works, especially those on caring for the aged.

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The Faculty of Engineering Professor Phra Charoenwisawakam (Chareon Chaenakul) was granted a King’s Scholarship to further his studies in England. However, due to the First World War, he had to move to study in the U.S.A., where he graduated in Civil Engineering at the University of California at Berkley. Following this, in 1919, he became a lecturer in the Faculty of Engineering at Chulalongkorn University and, in 1929, he served as the Dean of the Faculty–and remains the longest serving in that position. He is respected as the Master of all engineers and the founder of the Thai engineering circle. He was also honoured as a Distinguished Chula Senior Engineer of the first batch. The Faculty of Engineering Professor Dr. Arun Soratase received a Bachelor’s Degree in Engineering (Civil Engineering) from Chulalongkorn University and a Bachelor Degree in Sanitary Engineering from the University of Chester in England. He subsequently read for a Master’s Degree and a Ph.D. in Engineering at the University of Sheffield. He held important administrative positions at Chulalongkorn University—Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Rector of the University. He was also appointed Minister of the University Bureau and Minister of Industry. He is one of the engineers who contributed a great deal to the country so he was honoured as a Distinguished Chula Senior Engineer of the first batch. The Faculty of Veterinary Science Professor Lieutenant Colonel Luang Chai-aswarak (Chai Saeng-Xuto) was educated in the Military Academy. He went on an educational tour of England and he obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Veterinary Science. He played an important role in laying the foundations for the study of Veterinary Science in Thailand by coordinating the establishment of the Independent Department of Veterinary Science at Chulalongkorn University. This was the first time that this discipline had been taught at a degree level in a university in Thailand. In 1938, he served as the first Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary Science of Chulalongkorn University.

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The Faculty of Law Professor Dr. Prayoon Kanchanadul qualified as a Barrister at Law from the School of Law at the Ministry of Justice and from the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Political Science at Chulalongkorn University. He held different administrative positions, for example, Director-General of the Department of Internal Trade at the Ministry of Commerce, Senator and President of the Royal Institute. His writings include books, textbooks and academic essays on administrative law and economics. He was the first Dean of the Faculty of Law at Chulalongkorn University, taking office in 1972. The Faculty of Law Professor Dr. Ukrit Mongkolnawin obtained a Doctoral Degree in Law from the University of Paris in France. He was Dean of the Faculty of Law from 1972 to 1978. He also held other important positions, for example, President of the National Legislative Council, President of the Senate, Spokesman of the Parliament, President of the Independent Commission for Providing Justice and Promoting Rights and Freedom in the Southern Border Provinces, a member of the Thai Red Cross Society and President of the Phiriya Foundation under the Royal Patronage of Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother. The Faculty of Arts Professor Rong Sayamanond received a B.A. (Hons) in History, a Diploma in Education and an M.A. from the University of Cambridge in England. He also obtained a Certificat dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Etudes Francaises from the University of Grenobles in France and a Doctoral Degree in Arts (Honoris Causa) from Chulalongkorn University. He started in the civil service at Chulalongkorn University in 1935 and remained there until his retirement. He held different administrative positions, for example, Head of the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Secretary-General of Chulalongkorn University. He also served as an acting administrator in many work units, for example, Acting Dean of the Faculty of Political Science, the Faculty of Education and the Faculty of Economics, Acting Rector of Chulalongkorn University and Acting Dean of the Graduate School. 103

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The Faculty of Arts Professor M.L. Chirayu Novavongse received a Bachelor of Arts Degree (Hons.) from Chulalongkorn University. Following this, he furthered his studies in Pali and Sanskrit in England where he obtained an M.A., from the University of Cambridge. He received another M.A., in Linguistics from Columbia University in the U.S.A. As well as serving as a lecturer specializing in Pali and Sanskrit in the Faculty of Arts, he held important administrative and academic positions, for example, Dean of the Faculty of Arts at Chulalongkorn University, Deputy Minister of Education and President of the Arts Committee of the Ananda Mahidol Foundation. By royal command he was appointed a Privy Councillor. The Faculty of Economics Professor Dr. Prachoom Chomchai, a famous academic in Political Science, Law and Economics, received a B.A., and an M.A., from the University of Oxford in England. He obtained a Doctoral Degree in Law from the University of Paris in France. He was the Head of the Department of Finance at the Faculty of Political Science and he played an important role in combining the Department of Finance at the Faculty of Political Science with the Department of Economics at the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy to form the Faculty of Economics at Chulalongkorn University. In 1970, he was appointed the first Dean of the Faculty of Economics. The Faculty of Economics Professor Pachchai Bunnag received a Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Accountancy from Chulalongkorn University, a Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Economics from Vanderbilt University and a certificate in marketing from Stanford University in the U.S.A. He started his teaching career in the Department of Economics at the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy and played a major role in initiating and establishing the Faculty of Economics at Chulalongkorn University as well as in promoting the study of Economics in institutions of higher education in Thailand.

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The Faculty of Communication Arts Professor Bumrungsook Siha-amphai received a Master’s Degree in Educational Audio-Visual Media. He is respected as “the Creating Teacher” of the Faculty of Communication Arts because he pioneered teaching and learning as well as contributing a great deal to the establishment of the Independent Department of Mass Communications and Public Relations at Chulalongkorn University. This Department was later elevated to become the Faculty of Communication Arts. He was the first Dean of the Faculty. Throughout his career, he dedicated himself to establishing the foundation and developing the Faculty of Communication Arts until it was secure and widely accepted in the country and overseas. The Faculty of Communication Arts Professor Dr. Suraphol Viroonrak obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture (Hons.) from Chulalongkorn University. He later received a Master’s Degree in Architecture and Dramatic Arts from the University of Washington and a Ph.D., in Dramatic Arts from the University of Hawaii in the U.S.A. He was a specialist in Dramatic Arts who held a great number of academic and administrative posts. Some examples are, as Dean of the Faculty of Communication Arts and the Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts at Chulalongkorn University and as a member of the Royal Institute in the field of Performing Arts in the Academy of Fine Arts. In 2003, he was honoured as a National Distinguished Researcher in the field of Philosophy. The Faculty of Dentistry Professor Colonel Luang Vachvidhayavadhana received a King’s Scholarship to study Medicine in the U.S.A., and obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Medicine from Syracuse University. He subsequently studied Dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania to Bachelor Degree level. He pioneered the development of dentistry professionals and initiated the establishment of a School of Dentistryat the degree level in Thailand and became the first Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry.

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The Faculty of Dentistry With a grant from His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol, Professor Lieutenant Si Sirisingh studied and received a Bachelor’s Degree in Dentistry from the University of Pennsylvania in the U.S.A. With the collaboration of Professor Colonel Luang Vachvidhayavadhana, he founded the Faculty of Dentistry and served as its Dean. He was dentist to His Majesty the King and members of the royal family.

The Faculty of Education Professor Thanphuying Poonsup Novavongse Na Ayutthaya belonged to the first batch of graduates from the Faculty of Arts at Chulalongkorn University. She was granted a scholarship to further her studies in Psychology at the University of Michigan in the U.S.A., and returned to serve as a lecturer in the Faculty of Arts. Realizing the importance of teacher training education at the degree level, she established the Department of Education at the Faculty of Arts and developed it to become the Faculty of Education in 1957. She was the first Dean of this Faculty and the first woman Dean in Thailand. Throughout her life she dedicated herself to the establishment of a firm foundation for education in the country. The Faculty of Psychology Professor Thanphuying Poonsup Novavonge Na Ayutthaya belonged to the first batch of graduates from the Faculty of Arts at Chulalongkorn University. She was granted a scholarship to further her studies in Psychology at the University of Michigan in the U.S.A. She played a major role in establishing the Faculty of Education one of whose important policies was to offer academic programmes in response to the country’s needs. One of these programmes was in Psychology. A Master’s Degree and a Doctoral Degree programme in Psychology were thus offered in the Faculty of Education. These were deemed to be the first programmes in Psychology in Thailand and the One Hundred Years of Chula

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Ph.D.,programme in Psychology was the first Doctoral Degree programme at Chulalongkorn University. The Faculty of Political Science Professor Kasen Uthayanin started in the civil service at the Ministry of the Interior and he was later transferred to serve as a lecturer in the Faculty of Political Science at Chulalongkorn University. He served two terms as Dean of the Faculty of Political Science and he was also a member of the Chulalongkorn University Council. He is remembered as a founder and developer of the Faculty of Political Science.

The Faculty of Political Science Professor Dr. Kasem Suwannakul graduated with a B.A., (Hons.) in Political Science, of the 1st batch, from Chulalongkorn University. Later, he obtained an M.A., in Public Administration and a Ph.D., in Management and Government from the University of New York in the U.S.A. He held some important positions at Chulalongkorn University, for example, Dean of the Faculty of Science and Rector of Chulalongkorn University, serving four terms of office over some 11 years. He also held many important positions at a national level, for example, Secretary-General of the Thai Red Cross Society, Senator, Minister at the University Bureau, Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the University Council of many universities. The Faculty of Medicine Professor Major General Phraya Damrongpheathayakhun (Cheun Phutthiphaethaya) graduated in Medicine from England. While he was Director of the Division of Relief and Public Health at the Thai Red Cross Society, he made an immense contribution to establishing the second Medical School in the Faculty of Medicine in the grounds of Chulalongkorn Hospital, in addition to the first Medical School at Siriraj Hospital. This was in response to King Ananda Mahidolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s initiative to produce sufficient physicians for the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs. 107

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For this reason, he was selected to be the first Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn Hospital. The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Professor Dr. Tua Laphanukrom obtained a Doctoral degree in Chemistry from the University of Bern in Switzerland. He then studied Pharmacy at the University of Munich in Germany and Botany at the University of Paris in France. He was one of the founding members of the Khanarath (the People’s Party), which, in 1932, changed the country’s administrative system from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. He held many important civil and political positions and is considered to have been a benefactor to the pharmaceutical circle in Thailand. He was Head of the Independent Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Chulalogkorn University, which later became the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Medicine and at Chulalongkorn University, respectively. He also initiated the establishment of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plant to produce medicine for domestic use. This plant is currently the Pharmaceutical Organization at the Ministry of Public Health. The Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts Assistant Professor Songkhun Atthakorn graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture (Hons.) from Chulalongkorn University and received a Master of Fine Arts Degree from Indiana University in the U.S.A., being the first Thai to receive a degree in this particular field. He went on educational tours in Fine Arts and Architecture to many institutes including that of Frank Lloyd Wright, the world renowned architect. He started his teaching career in the Department of Architecture in the Faculty of Architecture at Chulalongkorn University. Later, he became the first Dean of the Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts.

Alumni

The Faculty of Architecture The Patron Professor Chalerm Ratanatasanee received a Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture in 1940 and, subsequently, became an instructor in the Faculty of Architecture at Chulalongkorn University and continued his career in teaching until his retirement in 1974. Being an expert in both Thai One Hundred Years of Chula

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and foreign architectural history, he dedicated himself to the study of Architecture. His major achievement was the founding of the Department of Applied Arts (currently the Department of Industrial Design). In terms of professional duties, he served as President of the Association of Siamese Architects under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King. The Faculty of Architecture M.R. Mitraroon Kasemsri received a Diploma in Architecture in 1938. He worked in many workplaces, namely, the Department of Public Works, the Department of Fine Arts and the Royal Household Bureau. He also worked as a special lecturer in Thai Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture at Chulalongkorn and Silpakorn Universities. Some of his important designs are Phu Phing Palace, Phu Phan Palace, Dusitalai Pavilion and the Crematorium in front of the Issriyaporn Pavilion on the compound of Thepsirinthrawas Temple. He also supervised the renovation of halls and buildings in the grounds of the Grand Palace and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. His achievements earned him the title of National Artist in Visual Arts (Architecture) and he was presented with a Doctoral Degree (Honoris Causa) in Architecture from Chulalongkorn University and commended as a Respected Person in Thai Architecture by the Commission of the Thai Heritage Conservation Day. The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Boonchuay Iamphokhalaph received a Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Science (Medical Techniques) in 1977 and, later, a Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Science (Tropical Medicine) from Mahidol University. He started his civil service at the Bumrasnaradoon Institute in the Department of Disease Control at the Ministry of Public Health. He worked as a Special Medical Technician and Head of the Medical Techniques Work Unit until the time of his early retirement. He played a significant role in the development of the study and practice of Medical Techniques at both the national and international level. Therefore, in 2008, he was honoured with the title, Distinguished Medical Technician, by the Association of Medical Techniques in Thailand and, in the same year, he was selected as a Distinguished Civil Servant of the Department of Disease Control in the Ministry of Public Health. 109

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The Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Miss Tasanee Sakuldamrongphanich received a B.Sc., in Medical Techniques and an M.Sc., in Medical Microbiology in 1977 and 1996, respectively. Her important administrative position was as Deputy Director of the Blood Service Centre at the Thai Red Cross Society. She played an important role in conducting research and developing the production of solutions for testing blood groups and solutions for use in the Blood Bank, which have subsequently been used in blood banks across the country. This has allowed much saving on importing products from abroad and has resulted in the Blood Bank in Thailand being placed at a high level and, for this reason, the World Health Organization has sent personnel in blood services from other countries to receive training at the Thai Blood Bank. She contributed to the establishment and development of the Blood Service Centre in other countries as well. The Faculty of Science Professor Dr. Satang Mongkolsuk obtained a B.Sc., and an M.Sc., in Chemistry in 1942 and 1944, respectively. In 1950, he received a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Liverpool in England. He began his teaching career at Chulalongkorn University and later was transferred to the University of Medicine. He held a number of important administrative positions, for example, Dean of the Faculty of Medical Science at the University of Medicine, Dean of the Faculty of Science at Mahidol University and President of the Prince of Songkhla University. In academic terms, he specialized in Organic Chemistry research, antibiotics and chemical compounds that can be extracted from Thai herbs. The Faculty of Nursing Colonel Khunying Asanee Saowaphaph obtained a Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Education (Nursing Administration) in 1977. She held important positions in the field of Nursing, including Director of the Army Nursing College, President of the Association of Nurses in Thailand and President of the Club of Nurses of the Four National Defence Groups. She was commended for her achievements by being honoured by the Thai Red Cross Society as an Exemplar Nurse, being selected as a Distinguished Nurse by the Nursing Council and being presented with a Ph.D. (Honoris Causa) in Nursing by Chulalongkorn University in 2004. One Hundred Years of Chula

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She was honoured for her achievements in social welfare on various occasions, for example, as President of the Social Welfare Council of Thailand, as President of the National Women’s Council, as President of the National Association of Distinguished Mothers, as a distinguished social worker and as a distinguished national volunteer. The Faculty of Engineering Kasem Chatikavanij obtained Bachelor’s Degrees in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering in 1946 and 1947, respectively. He then continued his studies for a Master’s Degree in Hydro-electrical Engineering at the University of Utah in the U.S.A. In 1984, he was presented with a Ph.D., (Honoris Causa) in Technology from the Asian Institute of Technology. He started at the civil service in the Department of Irrigation before he transferred to work at the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand to serve as its first Governor and remained in this position for 10 years. He was also an administrative member of many work units. In politics, he was Minister of Industry and Minister at the Prime Minister’s Office. These roles resulted in his being honoured as a “Distinguished Chula Senior Engineer”. The Faculty of Veterinary Science Veterinarian Alongkorn Mahunnop earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Veterinarian Science in 1974. He served as a veterinarian specializing in elephants and wildlife. His important positions were as Director of the Dusit Zoo in Thailand’s Zoological Organization and as a veterinarian affiliated to the Royal Household Bureau. He was presented with a Distinguished Veterinarian Prize from the Association of Veterinarians Who Give Treatment to Animals in Thailand, an Exemplar Veterinarian Prize from the Association of Veterinarians in Thailand under Royal Patronage and a Distinguished Alumnus Prize for Academic Work from the Association of Alumni of the Faculty of Veterinary Science at Chulalongkorn University.

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The Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy Associate Professor Khunying Voravan Chai-aya obtained a Bachelor’s Degree and a Master’s Degree in Accountancy in 1951 and 1966, respectively. She taught at the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy until she retired in1987, with the academic position of Associate Professor, Personnel Classification 9. After that, she became a Treasurer of the Thai Red Cross Society.

The Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy Amnuay Viravan received a Bachelor of Accountancy Degree in 1952 before furthering his studies for a Master’s Degree in Business Administration and Economics and a Doctoral Degree in Business Administration at the University of Michigan in the U.S.A. He played an important role in the country’s finance in both the public and the private sector. His civil service appointments included as Director-General of the Department of Customs and Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Finance. He was also President and a member of many state enterprises. In the private sector, he was President of the Board of the Bangkok Bank Public Company and President of the Association of Asian Bankers. In politics, he was Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister. The Faculty of Law Chaiwat Bunnag obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Law in 1968 and, in 1972, he received a Master’s Degree in Law from Harvard University in the U.S.A. He is a lawyer who played an important role in many circles at both a national and international level. He was a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators in the U.K., and served as a specialist arbitrator of the Institute. His other positions included President of the Association of International Law in Thailand, President of the Institute of Arbitrators, Chairman of the Thai-German Chamber of Commerce and as a member of the Committee for the Improvement the Laws on Company Partnership and Business Organizations in the Council of State. One Hundred Years of Chula

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The Faculty of Arts Professor Dr. Nithi Eiewsriwong received a Bachelor’s Degree and a Master’s Degree in History from the Faculty of Arts and continued for a Doctoral Degree in the same discipline at the University of Michigan in the U.S.A. He served as a lecturer in the Department of History at the Faculty of Humanities at Chiang Mai University until his retirement. He is been one of the most renowned historians. Being well-known as a thinker and a writer, he was one of the founders of the Midnight University as a channel for presenting knowledge and critiquing Thai society. His works earned him a number of prizes, for example, Distinguished Researcher in Philosophy from the National Research Commission, the Fukuoka Asian Cultural Prize and the Sriburapha Award. The Faculty of Economics Mrs. Suchada Kirakul obtained a Bachelor’s Degree (First Class Honours) in Economics and, later, a Master of Economics Degree from Thammasat University. She was also presented with a certificate by the Hubert H. Humphrey Program of the American University and by the Advanced Management Program of Harvard University. As an expert in monetary matters, she held many important positions in the Bank of Thailand, for example, Consultant to the Governor, Vice Governor for Monetary Stability, Vice Governor for Administration and Head of the Representatives of the Bank of Thailand in New York in the U.S.A. She was also a member of the Consulting Committee for Investment of the Thai Red Cross Society. The Faculty of Communication Arts Dome Sukhwong received a Bachelor’s Degree in Communication Arts in 1974. Being a film academic, he played an important role in conserving Thai films and was one of the founders of the National Hall of Films, whose title was later changed to the Hall of Films (Public Organization), of which he served as Director. For this reason, he was awarded with many prizes, for example, a “Thaen Khun Phaen Din” Prize in the Arts and Culture category, an Honorary Golden Suwannahong Award in the category of Conservationist of Film and a Thai Films and a Distinguished Alumnus Award by the Faculty of Communication Arts. 113

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The Faculty of Dentistry Special Professor Lieutenant General Phisal Thepsittha obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Dentistry in 1957. His quest for knowledge made him continue his studies in other fields of knowledge at many institutions, for example, Commerce and Accountancy, Business Administration, Law and Education. He was versatile in professionalism and public administration and played a significant role in developing the standard of study in Dentistry in the country. His positions in the public and the private sectors were, for example, Deputy Director-General of the Army Medical Department, President of the Council of Dentists and President of the Association of Dentists in Thailand. He was presented with many awards, including a Doctoral Degree (Honoris Causa) in Dentistry from Chulalongkorn University. By royal command, he was appointed Special Professor in the field of Dental Care for Communities in the Faculty of Dentistry at Chulalongkorn University. The Faculty of Education Komol Kheemthong earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Education (Secondary Education) in 1969. He was a person possessing the true spirit of “a teacher,” who lent importance to education as a means of creating “thoughts” rather than merely transferring “knowledge”. More than that, he developed social awareness while he was still a student, as is shown in his various activities, for example, building a camp for educational development in the countryside during school breaks and supporting activities of the Colloquy Club to serve as a stage where students could freely express themselves. After graduation, he dedicated himself to his teaching career in remote areas in Surat Thani Province where he was shot and killed during an insurgency. However, his life shows that he had followed his intention to be “a teacher for the rest of my life”. The Faculty of Political Science Special Professor Thongtor Kluaymai Na Ayuthaya graduated in Political Science and was a political scientist and an expert in history and arts and culture. In his professional achievements, he was Permanent Secretary of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, a member of the Committee for the Investigation of Complaints of the Council of State as well as a special lecturer in the Faculty of Political Science at Chulalongkorn University. One Hundred Years of Chula

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He produced a large number of research works on history as well as arts and culture. Being known to be a user of correct Thai, in 2008, he was commended as a Respected Figure in the Use of the Thai Language.

The Faculty of Political Science Police General Wasith Dejakunjara obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Political Science and continued his graduate studies for a Master’s Degree in Public Administration (Police Administration) at the University of New York in the U.S.A. He served in many posts in the Police Force. His important positions included Chief of the Royal Security Police and Deputy Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police (Special Task in Politics). He served as a member of the National Legislative Assembly, a Senator and as a Deputy Minister of the Interior. He is well-known as a novelist whose stories about police circles and crimes are based on real experience. This is why he was honoured with the title, National Artist in Literature in 1998. The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmacist Thanphuying Preeya Kasemsant Na Ayutthaya received a Bachelor’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1956 and continued to a Master’s Degree at the College of Pharmacy and Science in Philadelphia in the U.S.A. She was on the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on International Pharmacopeia and Pharmaceuticals. Her public positions included being Director-General of the Department of Medical Science and Secretary-General of the Food and Drug Administration. Her political offices included membership of the National Legislative Assembly and membership of the National Commission on the Prevention and Suppression of Corruption. In 1986, she was presented with a Doctoral Degree (Honoris Causa) in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Chulalongkorn University.

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101. The Royal Student

The awareness that has been implanted in me can be compared to a stream that has continued to flow. Now what it is like; and I wonder whether I have created benefits to society that are worth what society has invested in me. (H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhornâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s speech in 70 Years of Chulalongkorn University: Reminiscing the Past)

H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn the Princess who is determined to study all the time

Results of Study

Studying will be beneficial in many ways. Not only will it enable us to help the country but it will also make us happy. Knowledge will help you to take care of yourself. To gain academic achievements, you have to be diligent. Afterwards, you will be able to help the country, yourself and your family. Thailand will be able to develop because its citizens realize the significance of studying. Adapted from H.R.H. Maha Chakri Sirindhornâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s poem composed on July 11th, 1971

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Book design: Pongsak Suvanmanee Published in August, 2015 Place of publication: Chulalongkorn University Printing House ISBN 978-616-551-952-6 Chulalongkorn University Museum Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Telephone and Fax: 0 2218 3645 Office of art and Culture Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Telephone: 0 2218 3634-5 Fax: 0 2218 3634 One Hundred Years of Chula

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