Contents
Semester 1 17 Introduction 51 Unseen Study of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia 53 Imaginery Projection of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia 55 Conclusion Semester 2 17 Site 51 Mapping 53 Theoretical Study 55 Precedent Study 55 Atmospherical study 55 Initial Design & Development 63 Site Selection
Introduction
The Studio, DS3, confronts the imaginaries and materialities of power built by architectural and territorial projects, be they objects, cities, landscapes, states or extra-states. During this year, I unpacked architecture’s role as an instrument of political agency through critical reading of the site at a multitude of scales - from the dividual subject of the worker and citizen through to the global forces operating with extra-state power. The site of this studio is yet-to-be-realised Extra-state Zone of Anaklia, Georgia, set to be a major node in the largest infrastructure project ever project-ed, the New Silk Road. Anaklia is a small village of huge geopolitical importance. The logistics port being built there now meets an archipelago of the spectacular infrastructural objects left behind by other powers. The site, Anaklia, sits at the Black Sea frontier of Georgia : a transition-state (both nation and condition) between the mountains and lakes that divide “east” from “west”. This location means Georgia is marked by a history of numerous empires and vulnerable to contemporary speculation and hyper-development. Through the study of spaital gesture & analysis of how architecture achieved things that it does, in terms of “Goods & Bodies”, as well as technological exploration in semester 1, I developed public programmes that directly confront the coming port and anticipate the changes it will bring, exposing the multi-scalar subsumption of territory into Late Capitalism both on the ground and in the imagination.
SITE// Site Readings - Global
Conflicts & Tensions in Global Scale, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Anaklia is a coastal city that touch the Black Sea, and Georgia is situated at the strategically important crossroads where Europe meets Asia.
Conflicts & Tensions in Global Scale, Kelvin Lee, 2018 The logistic route from Europe to Central Asia are shifted because of the new opportunity of developing a shorter route by deep sea port and other railwaydevelopment.
SITE// Site Readings - Global
Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway Opening in Baku , New Asian, 2017 A new alternative southern logistic route for China’s Belt and Road Initiative between China and Europe. It would bypass a Russian railway route
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline , AZERNEWS, 2017 Pipeline between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey
SITE// Site Readings - Global
Conflicts & Tensions in Global Scale, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Because of the strategictric location of Georgia, the pipelines between Europe and Asia are creating tensions between US, Georgia, Russia and other countries nearby.
A new port and terminal in Poti, Georgia, Kelvin Lee, 2018 The constuction is funded by the American Government Finance Institute once agian, it confirms that Georgia is a reliable and important partner for the US.
SITE// Site Readings - National
Conflicts & Tensions in Global Scale, Kelvin Lee, 2018 The Russo-Georgian War in 2008 created conflicts and tensions between Russia, Abkhazia & Georgia
Russo-Georgian War (Aug 2008)/ International Level In 2008, there is a war between Georgia, Abkhazia & South Ossetia ( Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics) and Russia because of the conflicts between Georgia, Abkhzia & South Ossetia about the independence of Abkhzia & South Ossetia and the counteracting action of Russia to stop Georgia’s accession to NATO. - Anaklia was on the frontline of this conflict: Russian tanks was in the streets and the local population was forced from their homes. - Abkhazia separatists and Russian conquerors invaded Anaklia and many locals there were displaced. - After the war, Russia recognised independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from Georgia; while Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. - Relationship between Georgia, United State, Russia and Abkhazia: Georgia (United State backing because of the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipelines & Baku–Supsa oil pipeline) // Abkhazia ( Russia backing to stop Georgia’s accession to NATO) Influence of “Deep Sea Port Development” in Anaklia to the surrounded countries Due to the geographical position of Georgia, which is between Europe and Central Asia, Black Sea and Caspian Sea, it is a very stragetic location for goods transition. The original logistic route between Europe and Central Asia is throught Volga-Don Canal in Russia. But after the opening of deep sea port, the logistic route may shift to Georgia and Azerbaijan due to the time cost of transition. Thus, deep sea port development would definitely be the competitor of ports in Russia. Also, other ports in Georgia, such as Poti and Batuimi, may lost their importance.
SITE// Site Readings - National
“This is not a whim. This is a real plan because the only twenty-meter deep canyon is within the territory of Lazika, in Anaklia-Kulevi zone, and another similar port along the Coast of the Black Sea is Constanta alone. We’ll invest hundreds of millions in total in the port of Lazika. The port will then build the city and get several billions as returns on that investment”
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Mikheil Saakashvili’s Marks in Georiga Planning after 2012, by Georgia Dream Conflict
Conflicts & the Marks of Saakashvili, Kelvin Lee, 2018
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Tbsili Civic Centre, Tbsili Peace Bridge, Tbsili Theatre and Art Gallery, Tbsili Presidential Palace, Tbsili Police Stations, Tbsili
Change of Government & the Marks Left Behind/ National Level After the Rose Revolution, a twenty days protest and a pro-Western peaceful change of power in Georgia in November 2003 led by Saakashvili. This revolution triggered the new presidential and parliamentary elections, which made Saakashvili become the president and his party, United National Movement, become the dominant ruling party. After Saakashvili took the office, he started to firstly set out on a massive reform program to clear the corruption by police and state officials. And he built new police stations with a lot of glazing in order to symbolize the transparency of the government to the public. From then on, a lot of governmental buildings designed during his governance were adapted this method, such as the Kutaisi Parliament Building. He also massively upgraded the infrastructures in Georgia. The most ‘Successful’ case he always mentioned is Batumi, a seaside city located on the coast of the Black Sea in the southwest of Georgia.He wanted to shape Batumi as the new vacation destination in Georgia. He wanted to use construction to support the economy. Dozens of old buildings have been swept away and a lot of locals were displaced, despite protests from citizens, to welcome new investors building hotels, casinos and other tourist spots. As a result, there are many glamorous and futuristic tower, hotels and casino in Batumi now, while those small houses with balconies are nearly gone. Conflict between United National Movement and Georgian Dream So, during his governance, a lot of marks, such as those futuristic building and his vision, were remained now. However, after the change of government in 2012-2013, a lot of Saakashvili’s planning and constructions were stopped. The most significant example is the developing city Lazika & development of Anaklia. As mentioned before, Saakashvili was aiming to use Lazika and the deep marina canyon to make a new port. However, after the change of government, the port development was changed to Anaklia and the government are not planning to use the deep marina canyon. It shows the conflicts between different political party and its influence in urban and architectural scale.
New Police Station, BBC, 2013
Kutaisi Parliament Building, Georgia Today, 2018
Batumi, The New York Times, 2016
SITE// Site Readings - Mapping Anaklia
Site Gesture Plan (1:7000 in A2) Site Location Reason: Between two space by two force// Between conflicts & tensions// Lesiure area to escape from their work// gateway between two spaces// Logistic process as backdro
SITE// Unseen Study of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia City as a Project/ Study of Lazika Town Hall The project started from the study of serveral projects, Lazika Town Hall by Architects of Invention, Dutch Parliament Extension by OMA & Lenin Institute of Librarianship by Ivan Leonidov. Both of them are using architecture to express the symbol of a state. Lazika is a proposed planned city in the southwest side of Georgia. It located near south side of Anaklia, the city that this project would focus on. This city was proposed by the former president of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, which aimed to be the second largest city in Georgia, after the capital, Tbilisi, and a major economic hub of western Georgia. The project of the city was named and announced in Sep, 2012 after the Lazika Town Hall was built. It would act as the administration of the city. However, this project is abandoned after Saakashvili stepped down and the change of government in 2013. Thus, the Lazika city only operates for few months. According to Saakashvili, he wanted Lazika to become another port city in Georgia, which combining trading, commercial activities and tourism , after the ‘Success’ he made in Batumi.
“It will be the large city; I suppose in ten years at least half million people will be living there and it will be Georgia’s second largest city after Tbilisi and it will be the major trade, commercial and economic center in western Georgia, on the Black Sea coast,” “...I call on Georgians living abroad... to return and construct together with us Georgia’s new pride, the new city from scratch.” “This is not a whim. This is a real plan because the only twenty-meter deep canyon is within the territory of Lazika, in Anaklia-Kulevi zone, and another similar port along the Coast of the Black Sea is Constanta alone. We’ll invest hundreds of millions in total in the port of Lazika. The port will then build the city and get several billions as returns on that investment”
SITE// Unseen Study of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia
Lazika Town Hall, Nakanimamasakhlisi Photo LAB, 2012 Aerial photo of Lazika Town Hall
Site Location, Kelvin Lee, 2018
SITE// Unseen Study of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia
Role of Lazika Town Hall/ Study of Lazika Town Hall In order to study what the town hall does and how it does, different types of drawings were tested to examine the relationship between the town hall and the context. By doing that, it is observed that the building is acting as a flag of Lazika, an instrument that express the existance of the city, by isolating itself and locating it on the side of dead end road with a flag on the roundabout.
Japanese Perspective of Lazika Town Hall, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Drawing shows the role of the dead end round-about, the flag, trees and the town hall
SITE// Unseen Study of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia
Japanese Perspective of Lazika Town Hall, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Drawing shows how the dead end roundabout acting as an extremeity along with palm trees, flag & town hall
Taxonomy Drawing of Lazika Town Hall, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Drawing shows thw taxonomy of different extremeities of former Georgian President, Mikheil Saakashvili.
SITE// Unseen Study of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia Extremities in Lazika/ Study of Lazika Town Hall
Extremities noun. The furthest point that implement the idea or thoughts Thus, the Lazika Town Hall is identified as an extremety of Lazika city and its initiator, Saakashvili to show his vision and make it become visble and tangible. After that, different elements there are found for doing the same thing as the Town Hall, as the extremities and acting as a flag. 1. Pier Sculpture (by J. Mayer): A parametric and futuristic white metal sculpture which sitting on a path extended towards black sea. 2. Dead end road with the flag on the roundabout: A road that surrounded by rural vegetations and with Town Hall sitting beside. 3. The light pole: The special design light pole which is not the same as other light poles in near cities. As mentioned before, Saakashvili announced this city planning because of the ‘Success’ of Batumi. This light pole is exactly the same with the light poles on the Freedom Boulevard in Batumi. 4. The Palm Tree: Same as the ligth pole, those palm tree planted along the road is not the natural plant in that part of Georgia. It also appears in the Freedom Boulevard in Batumi.
Pier Sculpture, Architizer, 2012
Dead End Road, Archidaily, 2012
The Light Pole, Kelvin Lee, 2018
The Palm Tree, Kelvin Lee, 2018
Taxonomy Drawing of Lazika Town Hall, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Drawing shows the taxonomy of different extremeities of former Georgian President, Mikheil Saakashvili.
SITE// Unseen Study of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia
Extremities ofUnseen Lazika View (Unse of Lazik Extremities Drawing shows the unseen angle from one-point p
een View), Kelvin Lee, 2018 ka Town Hall, Georgia s of Lazika perspective to japanese perspective and to elevation
SITE// Imaginery Projection of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia
Plinth Aggravation/ Study of Lazika Town Hall After studying the role of different elements, it is found that the plinth as an architectural element on the Town Hall is not perfectly showing the vision of it. According to Aureli (2011) in “The Possibility of an Absolute Architecture�, the plinth could make architecture to separate and to be separated. To study the function of the plinth, different types of architecture with plinth is taking as precedent. - Seagram Building (Mies Van Der Rohe) - New National Gallery, Berlin (Mies Van Der Rohe) - Riehl House (Mies Van Der Rohe) - Kislovodsk ladder (Ivan Leonidov) - Old National Gallery, Berlin - Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi Thus, an imaginery drawing of the plinth aggravation is draw. It shows the imaginery scene when the Black Sea is immersing the city of Lazika and cause flooding. Different elements are using the plinth to become the archipelago of Lazika. It contains a symbolic meaning that the port development would be overshadowed the whole city of Lazika.
Taxonomy of Imaginated Lazika, Kelvin Lee, 2018
SITE// Imaginery Projection of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia
Elements of Projected View, Kelvin Lee, 2018
SITE// Imaginery Projection of Lazika Town Hall, Georgia
PLINTH AGGRAVATIONPlinth AggravationArchipelago of LaziA
ARCHIPELAGO LAZIKA ika (Projective OF View), Kelvin
Lee, 2018
SITE// Tourism Development in Anaklia
Tourism Development by Former President and United National Movement The tourism development in Anaklia was examplified mainly in the promenade. It aimed to link with the proposed city Lazika
Site: Border of Abkhazia, Kelvin Lee, 2018 The promenade ended with the border of Abkhazia without any transition. Palm trees and lamp pole just stopped in front of the wall.
STIE// Tourism Development in Anaklia
Site: Promenade as Touristic Archipelgo, Youtube, 2013 The promenade was a key element that aimed to shape Anaklia as a tourist spot, designed to accomodate hotels, entertainments, skeleton structure on beach for music festival.
Site: Skeleton Structure for GEM-Fest (Eletronic Music Festival), Kelvin Lee, 2018 There are lots of skeleton structure along the promenade, which would only be used during the festival.
SITE// Tourism Development in Anaklia
Site: Promenade as Touristic Archipelgo, Youtube, 2013 The promenade proposed to develop towards Lazika, an abandoned city planning next to Anaklia. It continuous along with signifiers of formal president design, palms trees, lamp pole etc.
Site: Anaklia-Ganmuhkuri Pedestrian Bridge, Kelvin Lee, 2018 The modern pedestrian bridge is crossing the Enguri River where meet the Black Sea.
SITE// Tourism Development in Anaklia
Site: Chinese Restaurant on the Breakwater, Youtube, 2013 The promenade proposed to develop towards Lazika, an abandoned city planning next to Anaklia. It continuous along with signifiers of formal president design, palms trees, lamp pole etc.
Site: Hotel and Tourism Development, Kelvin Lee, 2018 The proposal of tourism development and hotels in different modern style was partly realized in Anaklia along the promenade.
SITE// Tourism Development in Anaklia
Site: Promenade along with Palm Trees, light poles, Kelvin Lee, 2018
Site: Promenade/ Deep Sea Port/ Lazika, Kelvin Lee, 2018 The port is located at the end of promeade and Lazika was located at the end of the port development.
SITE// Tourism Development in Anaklia
Top: Driver and Medium of Tourism in Anaklia, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Bottom: Analysis of Layers and Views of Tourist, Kelvin Lee, 2018
Taxonomy of Boulevard, Kelvin Lee, 2018
SITE// Logistic Development in Anaklia
Logistic Development by Georgian Dream, Kelvin Lee, 2018 A 40 years development aimed to finish in 2062, hoping to act as intermediate point of China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Imaginery Image of Deep Sea Port Development, Anaklia Development Consortium, 2017 Imaginery Image of Deep Sea Port with Smart City at the back and no context of Anaklia.
SITE// Logistic Development in Anaklia
Site: Worker Housing Viewed from Port, Kelvin Lee, 2018 There are two 7 floors housing next to the port that designed for port workers.
Site: Lazika & Cauasus Mountains View from the Port, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Lazika town hall and the pier sculpture could be seen on the port with a backdrop of mountain view.
SITE// Logistic Development in Anaklia
Deep Sea Port Development, Kelvin Lee, 2018 A 40 years development aimed to finish in 2062, is situated on the promenade which stopped develop after the change of leading party and president.
SITE// Tendency in Anaklia
Development Tendency of Anaklia, Kelvin Lee, 2018
SITE// Conflicts & Tensions between different forces
Conflicts & Tensions between Tourism and Logistic Development, Kelvin Lee, 2018
Conflicts & Tensions between Tourism Development and Locality of Anaklian, Kelvin Lee, 2018
SITE// Conflicts & Tensions between different forces
Relationship between Tourism and the Port, Dominance on the promenade, Kelvin Lee, 2019 The strategic location of the promenade and the port, and where the resisdent and locals being located.
SITE// Problem Statement
OBJECTS ARE ALIENATED AND
DISMENTLED, FOLLOWS BY BODIES.
SITE// Problem Statement
A. Historical and Political Identity at Geographical Scale - With the history of conflicts & tensions, militarisation and merchant, Georgia is a place where commodities, migration and movement have not been together. - Things are dismantled and fragmented becoz of conflicts and tensions - Internationally, political tension between Georgia, America and Russia - Military conflicts (Russo-Georgian War:) between Georgia, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Russia - Geographical tensions, an intermediate point between Europe and Middle East, where is strategic place for pipeline and goods transition - Nationally, political tensions between the leading parties of Georgia causes the inconsistency of development
B. Exemplification in architectural form - Saakashvili’s tourism development (the bridge, hotels, promenade, Gem Fest) vs Georigan Dream’s Logistic Development (Deep Sea Port, Worker housing) - Gem Fest, hotels, hostels for Tourist vs Local Anaklian - Black Sea and the Mountains C. Problem Statement - Focus on workers in the port, the most intimate/ frontier users facing global logistic development. - logistic line and production process not only dismantled objects/ Commodities (Commodities are made in separate process and traded to other places), - Also caused alienation of workers from bodies ( production line split jobs into meaningless task, tedious work. - Workers only repeat endless sequence of discrete, repetitive motions - Cord of gigantic machine
SITE// Mindmap
Mind Map, K
Kelvin Lee, 2018
THEORETICAL STUDY// Alienation of Production, Karl Marx
Alienation of Production by Karl Marx,BBC, 2018 Marx stated that in 19 century, work destroy workers. Workers has no choice, long hours for small wages// Alienation is a disorientated sense of exclusion and separation// Factory under capitalism alienated labor and the products.
Modern Times (Film Still), Charlie Chaplin, 1936 Little Tramp (Main Character) tightens bolts on objects as they pass by, without knowing what he’s even working on.// Alienation of Workers from the act of producing, the product and himself.
THEORETICAL STUDY// Alienation of Production, Karl Marx
Workers in Foxconn Factory, Google, 2016 Workers under the same roof of factory doing the same motion of tedious work.
Modern Times (Film Still), Charlie Chaplin, 1936 Karl Marx stated that workers have to organise and unite to fight and strike.
THEORETICAL STUDY// Alienation of Production, Karl Marx
“I am, on the very contrary, convinced that the alternative rise and fall of wages, and the continual conflicts between masters and men resulting therefrom, are, in the present organization of industry, the indispensable means of holding up the spirit of the labouring classes, of combining them into one great association against the encroachments of ruling class, and of preventing them from becoming apathetic, thoughtless, more or less well-fed instruments of production� (Marx 127).
Logistic line and production process not only dismantled Commodities, also caused alienation of workers from BODIES.
Their consiousness and their bodies are being dismantled.
THEORETICAL STUDY// Backbones & Extremeities
Backbones & Extremities inside Human Bodies, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Biologically, backbones and extremities could be seen as the spinal structure of human body. Spinal cord is backbones and nerve is extremities. Early Study about consciousness and physical bodies// Nerve and Spinal Cord// Backbones and Extremeities.
3.
2. 5.
4.
1.
Key: 1. Railway 2. Train Station 3. Research Centre 4. Reading Lounge 5. Library & Circulation Backbones & Extremities on Lenin Institute of Librarianship, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Read the early on case study in terms of backbones & extremities. Ideologically, backbones = core, place that control, generate thoughts; extremities= furtherest point where ideas and thoughts manifested.
THEORETICAL STUDY// Backbones & Extremeities
Backbones & Extremities in different scale, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Early Study on how the device implement on human bodies, architecture and master planning
Lenin Institue on Anaklia, Kelvin Lee, 2018 Early mapping about the orientation and implement of workers ideas
THEORETICAL STUDY// Power & Architecture
The early and initial aim of the project is to empower workers, so the study of the relationship between power and spatial arrangment is done. Types of Power: Power of sovereign/ state (top-down) & Power of people (collective/ bottom-up) Power of Sovereign: Leaders use architecture to convey the nature of their power over the populace. “They (Leaders) express how they wish to be seen and force their particular view of that power on the populace through architecture.� (Glenn, M, 2003, Architecture Demonstrates Power (Thesis), Haverford College) Spatial Gesture: Axiality (Representing authoritarian power) - Emphasizing opposite walls that are far from entrance. - People who enter are directed to the opposite end of the building, where something significant occurs. Example: Egyptian temples, Roman basilicas, and the Christian basilicas Christian basilicas: Believer to God Roman basilicas: Supplicant to the ruler. Egyptian temple: People to cosmic power.
Temple of Horus Spatial Analysis “The Egyptian temples are based on one straight path leading in towards a final but unreachable goal� (Norberg-Schultz, Christian; Existence, Space & Architecture; (New York, Praeger Publishers: 1971), p. 50) Axiality with Pylons->Shrine// Public -> Private// Higher -> Lower Ceiling Height// Lightness -> Darkness
THEORETICAL STUDY// Power & Architecture
Spatial Analysis of Roman basilica, Kelvin Lee, 2019 A Roman civic basilicas that conducted public audiences and law courts. The Roman Emperor or the local governor sat enthroned in the apse. An apse at one end opposite the entrance. Entrance->Aspe Citizen -> Governor/ Leader
From the reading study and precendent study, axiality in architecture could be seen as power of authoritarian. Thus, I read the opposite side of Axiality, Non-Axiality, as the power of people. Features: - Without any dominant orientation - Multi axes/ circles/ spirals - Non-axiality denotes equality, not privilege. Example: Arabic style mosques, Ziggurats
THEORETICAL STUDY// Power & Architecture
Spatial Analysis of Great Mosque, Cordoba, Kelvin Lee, 2019 “One need not look at the niche indicating the direction of Mecca, only pray towards the wall on which the niche is located.� (Glenn, M, 2003, Architecture Demonstrates Power (Thesis), Haverford College) Hypostyle columns represent the equality of people (Prayer have to put equal footing before God even in difference location throughout the hall)
After that, literature study about power and architecture also done in order to distinguish “Power to” & “Power over”. Mainlt focus on books written by Kim Dovey. “The term power derives from the Latin potereto- ‘be able’, the capacity to achieve some end.” (Dovey, K, 1999, Framing Places: Mediating Power in Built Form) “Power to is the original or ur-form of power, the capacity to act, empowerment. While less primary, power over is much more complex and incorporates a range of forms and practices such as force, coercion, manipulation, seduction and authority.” (Dovey, K, 1999, Framing Places: Mediating Power in Built Form) “Authority is a form of power over that is integrated with the institutional structures of governance and which relies on an unquestioned recognition and compliance.” (Dovey, K, 1999, Framing Places: Mediating Power in Built Form) “The key linkage to architecture here is that authority becomes stabilised and legitimated through its symbolsthe trappings of power.” (Dovey, K, 1999, Framing Places: Mediating Power in Built Form)
Power to vs Power over Power to// Power of People// Collective Power (Empowerment) “This idea of power as embodied in citizenship can be linked to the work of Hannah Arendt, who defines power as something that is produced when citizens act together in the public realm—‘Power corresponds to the human ability not just to act but to act in concert’.” (Dovey, K, 1999, Framing Places: Mediating Power in Built Form) Power over// Power of State “The word ‘state’ shares the Greek root ‘sta’ with words like stand, stable, static, statue, statement, standard, stage, status and establish. To legitimatise authority, architecture and urban design need to signify a stable system of law and order.” (Dovey, K, 1999, Framing Places: Mediating Power in Built Form) Example: - Pyramid and Dome embody stability, hierarchy and symmetry. - Centralised order where power is concentrated and flows downwards and outwards. - A centre of power is often established by verticality or horizontal expanse at a scale that overwhelms the human subject and read as dominance in urban scale
THEORETICAL STUDY// Power & Architecture
Frontispiece of Leviathan, Abraham Bosse & Thomas Hobbes, 1651 Power Over: Ruler holds the symbols of force and religion in each hand and the trappings of power below include castles and churches along with weapons, instruments of torture and the Star Chamber.
PRECEDENT STUDY// Gymnasium Architecture
In order to reunite workers with their bodies, bodies with bodies, Public
Gymnasium as a program in Anaklia is proposed. In the beginning, I see gym as a mid-point between Banal Process and Ritual
PRECEDENT STUDY// Gymnasium Architecture
Ancient gymnasium of Delphi, 4th Century BC - Gymnasium became a training ground for men to exercise physically - Also, socialize and exercise their minds by engaging in philosophical discussion. - The gym was used for exercising, communal bathing, scholarly and philosophical pursuits, they acted as a town hall rather than a competitive gymnasium. - Afterwards, the Ancient Greek gymnasium become a place for more than training, it became an institution that for the growth of its youth.
Ancient gymnasium of Delphi, 4th Century BC Spatial Analysis of ancient greek gymnasium about the spatial arrangement and the relations between audiences and athletes. - It shows that from the past, there is a strong relations between audiences/ spectator and athletes. - Also, from the past, gym is a space where not only physically trained, also mentally.
PRECEDENT STUDY// Gymnasium Architecture
Le Grand Gymnase, Paris Mr. Renard (the Trainer in the gym) would lead people training together, the literture about this gymnasium provided some atmosphere of gym “Onward! Onward! Here are happiness, life, and renewed youth! Here is healthful activity: stiffen your soft muscles, find your balance, touch your foot lightly on the springboards elastic surface, build up your chest, fill your lungs with air, strengthen yourself, work, live.” “It is a shelter for the idler, an altar to hard work, the arena of robust youth, the well where downtrodden virility can drink in new strength. It is, in short, a gymnasium, but a gymnasium in the largest and most beautiful sense of that term.” “The observation galleries fill up and are quickly adorned with flowers, lace, and admiring female smiles.” “Every movement in this series is done with an energy which seems almost magical. Many of the participants are overcome by fatigue, but they do not even have the time to wipe the sweat which drenches them. A magnetic current seems to run from the teacher to each student. The power of the master separates them and causes them to pour out the last drop of energy. Every student hears a mysterious voice within him that says, “Keep going! Keep going!” And, in fact, no one stops until the gymnasium assistants turn on the taps of cool water which soothe the eager, steaming bodies.”
Le Grand Gymnase, Paris Spatial Analysis of Le Grand Gymnase about the spatial arrangement and the relations between audiences and athletes. - It shows that three ranks of elegant observation balconies encircling the exercise floor - Also, there is a monumental wooden stairway. (to resemble a Gothic trefoil with all its usual decorative embellishments. Symbolized the wish of reaching perfection of God)
PRECEDENT STUDY// Gymnasium Architecture
MFitness, Austria Top: Typical generic plan of modern gym, promoting flexibility but at the same time, program and space is separated Bottom: Working out dimensions and motions of modern gym.
MFitness, Austria Top: Yoga Spatial Planning and visual interconnection Bottom: Aerobic Spatial Planning and visual interconnection
PRECEDENT STUDY// Gymnasium Architecture
MFitness, Austria Top: Weight-lifting Spatial Planning and visual interconnection Bottom: Mechinery Spatial Planning and visual interconnection
MFitness, Austria Changing Room Spatial Planning and visual interconnection
PRECEDENT STUDY// Gymnasium Architecture
Sequence of Space and Motion Analysis, Kelvin Lee, 2018 It shows that gym in some way is similar to the process of production, because of gender segregation, split routine and muscles, as well as time control.
PRECEDENT STUDY// Comparative Study between Gym & Ritual
Great Mosque of Samarra In the previous study of power, I found that the spaitial organisation of Mosque included some visual interconnection, which is similar to the gym in the past.
Great Mosque of Samarra Sequence of Space and Visual Connectivity Analysis It shows that in this building, through indoor/ outdoor, open/ enclose, level difference and field of columns, visual interconnection between users is fully utilised.
PRECEDENT STUDY// Comparative Study between Gym & Ritual
Sequence of Space and Motion Analysis of Ancient Greek Gymnasium It shows that through similar characteristics to Mosque, visual interconnection between athletes and auidence is encouraged in gym from the past.
Spatial Comparsion between Mosque & Gym
ATMOSPHERICAL STUDY// Stage for Bodies
Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, USA - In mid-1930s during the Great Depression, the only recreation for people was the beach at that moment and it was free. - People there practicing and also escaping the economic blues. - During every weekend, there was performance on the stage of Muscle Beach.
Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, USA
ATMOSPHERICAL STUDY// Stage for Bodies
Ancient Greek Gym Drawing
Beau Travail Film Still
CONCLUSION// GYM is ...
To conclude, gymnasium as a typology 1. is not only training space, but also a social and civic
space 2. The relations between bodies through visual interconnection is important 3. is a stage for showing and displaying your bodies to others 4. motions and gesture of bodies is different during different excerise So, in this design, I argue that the gym is between a
STAGE and a FESTIVAL SPACE.
The design would 2. Through
1. specialized the various stage for bodies. materiality, transparency, reflection and opacity to themselves, others and find other seeing them.
encourage users
see
Ultimately, the project aimed to encourage workers recognize their bodies as a whole by recog-
nizing the bodies of others as your other
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Initial Spatial Gesture
Initial Spatial Arrangement in relation to Backbones & Extremeties
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Initial Design
Top: Mapping the plan of ancient greek gymnasium to the site Bottom: Testing the spatial arrangement by altering and transform the plan of greek gymnasium.
Through mapping and overlay the plan of precedent study, programs and spatial arrangement are generated.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Initial Atmospheric Collage
Top: Collage of Machinery Space// Bottom: Collage of Weight Space Combining the features of Colonade, Indoor/Outdoor, Muscle Beach, Framed view, looking at the Black Sea into a modern gym
Top: Collage of Treadmill Area// Bottom: Collage of Yoga Room Combining the features of Colonade, Indoor/Outdoor, Muscle Beach, Framed view, looking at the Black Sea into a modern gym
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Initial Gym Design
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Top: Site Plan of Initial Design// Bottom: Circulation in different levels Spatial Arrangment:(0) Promenade; (1) Changing Space; (2)Elevated Walkway w. Colonade; (3) Main Gym Space; (4) Bath connect by Elevated Walkway
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2st Floor Axonometric Drawing (0) Ramp (1) Isoloated Spinning Machine (2) Ramp w. Treadmill (3) Landing (4) Beach (5) Grand Stair (6) Viewing Deck (7) Indoor Machinery Space (8) Shoulder Press (9) Barbell (10) Bench
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Initial Gym Design
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3rd Floor Axonometric Drawing (0) From Ramp of Spinning and Treadmill (1) Elevated Walkway to the bath (2) Treadmill (3) Forum (4) Auidence Platform (5) Rowing Tunnel
Overall Xray Axonometric Drawing
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Initial Gym Design
Initial Moment Drawing Level Difference// Gateway as Entrance// Viewing Deck// Framed Muscles// Rowing Tunnel// Metal Grill of Yoga
Top: Moment Drawing of Viewing Deck// Bottom: Moment Drawing of Spinning Ramp Top: Looking at Black Sea// Sunset// Container Ship// Framed Muscles// Bottom: Individual Spinning Platform with Metal Mesh for Looking at Bottom
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Bodies Study Extraction
Motions Study of Weight Lifting
Motion Study of Spinning
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT// Bodies Study Extraction
Motion Study of Rowing
FINAL DESIGN// Preliminary Layout & Development
Initial Elevation & Section
FINAL DESIGN// Preliminary Moment Drawings
Moment: Entering from existing promenade through ramp
Moment: Continuous promenade perpendicularly viewing Black Sea through layers of material
FINAL DESIGN// Preliminary Moment Drawings
Moment: Yoga training
Moment: Barbell & Shoulder Training w. Variety of Peeping, Glimpsing and Exhibiting Device Reflective curtain// A slit of transparent panel determined by trained muscle// Level difference
FINAL DESIGN// Design Manifesto
A. Aims The project aims to REUNITE workers with their BODIES through the gymasium. It addresses the abandoned and not yet developed promenade into a public gym. Acting as a GATEWAY between two spaces & tensions. Acting as a device that reunites Anaklian workers with their bodies and with each other. Recognizing their bodies as a whole by recognizing the bodies of others as your other. B. Who, Programme & Schedule User: Anaklian WORKERS & Tourists Programme: Public Gymnasium including machinery indoor gym, outdoor running track (Close at night) and outdoor elevated bandstand for performances and viewing (24/7) Schedule: Morning before work, Lunch Time & Sunset when off duty C. Site The gym is located at the end of TOURIST development on the promenade and before the construction site of the
PORT. The promenade is a line pass through conflicts and LEISURE area and closed to the port, thus perfect ESCAPE point for workers.
tension in muliple scale. It is also a
Users could also look beyond themselves and each other bodies, towards the MACHINE and processes they work with (aka the port). While they working on their body, they have a work.
BACKGROUND where their body
D. Gesture
STAGE for bodies. Using MATERIALITY, TRANSPARENCY, REFLECTION and OPACITY to encourage users see
The gym specialized the various
themselves, others and find other seeing them.
It sits on a wooden
PLINTH which separate and to be separated itself, also promoted
continuity and discontinuity of existing promenade. PALM TREES (Signifiers of former president’s planning) are preserved to reveal the tensions. The gym included a elongated wall housed the indoor machinery gym located aside the promenade. A parallel stripe along the wall forms a stepped circulation for athlete that metaphor the wish of reaching perfection of god. It used transparency, reflection, opacity to
HIDE AND REVEAL BODIES. A running track perpendicular to the wall that going BACK AND FORTH between Black Sea and the Promenade. A elevated outdoor bandstand with spiral ramp and staircase that OVERVIEW the Anaklia town, the port and worker housing. E. Ultimate Endeavours.
COMMUNITIES of bodies looking at bodies. It reunites WORKERS’ BODIES AS A WHOLE (their conscious and physical muscle), and furthermore, reunited BETWEEN BODIES AS A WHOLE (collective The gym would bring the
power of worker)
It
EMPOWERS
workers to identify the truth of Anaklia and Georgia (The globaled
force and development), and ultimatily form a COLLECTIVE
CONFRONT future development.
RESISTANCE to
FINAL DESIGN// Collage Drawing
Original Collage USSR campaign poster by Michael Dolgorukow, 1931 “Transportation workers, arm yourselves with technical knowledge”
Collage Referencing USSR campaign poster by Michael Dolgorukow, 1931 Worker armed himself through working out of their bodies// Reunites Bodies
FINAL DESIGN// Ground Floor Plan
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Ground Floor Plan (1:500 @ A2) (0) Wood Ramp from exisitng promenade (1) Changing Room facing to the beach (2) Stairs to Indoor Machinery Space (3) Ghats Steps (4) space connected promenade to the beach, where can see upper activities through metal mesh (7) Stage for performance and discussion (8) Sea
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)Running tracks & pits for long jump & wrestling (5) Covered Colonade for displaying bodies, viewing bodies & views (6) Covered open ating for audience (9) Ramp to the Bandstand & Viewing Platform.
FINAL DESIGN// Ground Floor Plan Development
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Design Development (0) The original steps from building to the beach is changed to steps w. various stage platform, referencing the Ghats Steps in India, which usually leading down to the water or wharf. To get a) stage for bodies b) more meaningful resolution. (1) The original raised main path is changed with more level difference, referenced shapes from the existing promenade, created different stage for workers.
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Old Drawing Development (0) Shadow intensified to show volume & Lines under shadow changed to white (1) Detailing the context of building, cracks & grass of the road (2) use density of grass to replace actual line border (3) Replace the line between sand and road by denser sand (Border Relationship)
FINAL DESIGN// Upper Floor Plan
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1st & 2nd Floor Plan (1:500 @ A2) (0) Stairs from ground (1) Cafe (2) Yoga (3) Machinery 1 (Chest, Back & legs) (4) Machinery 2 ( Shoulders, Biceps & Legs) (5) Weight (Barbell) (6) Weight (shoulder) (7) Weight (Chest) (8)Treadmill (9) Spinning (10) Rowing (11) Restroom (12) Elevated walkway to bandstand (13) Outdoor gym, bandstand, stage & viewing platform
FINAL DESIGN// Site Gesture
Site Gesture Plan (1:7000) Site Location Reason: Between two space by two force// Between conflicts & tensions// Lesiure area to escape from their work// gateway between two spaces// Logistic process as backdrop
Section of Normal Leisure on the Ground// Gym at Mul
FINAL DESIGN// Programmatic Section
Programm Layers of Program
f Gymnasium ltipal Level// To the town// To the Port// To the Sea
matic Sections mme// Layers of Space
FINAL DESIGN// Elevations
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Elevation from the beach, Short Section & Circulation Section
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(0) Polycarbonate Panel (1) Ramp (2) Running Track (3) Ghats (4) Worker Housing (5) Metal Mesh
FINAL DESIGN// Section
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(0) Existing Abondaned Landscape (1) Bandstand (2) Raised Wood Deck (3) Circulation Stripe (4) Indoor Machinery Space (5) Running Track (6) Port (7) Beach & Black Sea
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
“Moment Drawings” is a way of representation in DS3. It aimed to produce images that captured the key moment from the our intervention, where the project’s material, immaterial, contextual and narrative gestures come together, or where tensions / confrontations within the project are highlighted. We argued that images are not only glamorous visual representation of the design, images have its functions and purpose. Through the reproduction of art, it reverses modern function of art - instead of being based on a ritual, it begins to be based on politics. So, images are confronting each other incessantly, representing each other to each other. “ Mechanical reproduction emancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on ritual. To an ever-greater degree the work of art reproduced becomes the work of art designed for reproduceability” (W. Benjamin, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, 1935)
General Drawing Style Reference (Opposite page) 1. Pink House, Rem Koolhaas& Laurinda Spear, 1978 (Color, Vibe, Composition) 2. Working brigade.Yuri Pimenov, 1968 (Drawing Method (Arcylic) & Color) 3. Sea, Harue Koga, 1898 (Drawing Method (Oil), Color & Composition) 4. La villette, OMA, 1982 (Composition, Signifying Elements) 5. Unknown, Michiel Schrijve, 1957 (Drawing Method (Oil), Color) 6. Just what is it that makes today’s homes so different, so appealing?, Richard Hamilton, 1956 (Composition, Signifying Elements)
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FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
1 2 Drawing Composition Purpose of the drawing: a) Showing the project position and orientation, b) emphasing it’s between tensions and conflicts 1. First Draft/ Intial Idea of this drawing// 2. Tensions in Different Borders
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3. Archipelgo of different force exemplified in Architecture, S for Saakasvili Tourism Proposal, D for Georgian Dreams’ Logistic Proposal// 4. Final Drawing
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
Major Drawing Reference for this drawing Las Terrenas Resort, Elia Zenghelis &Eleni Gigantes, 1989
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Drawing Style & Signifiers Application 1. Oil/ Arylic Painting Style from Michiel Schrijv’s Drawing// 2. Grass Pattern from Uwe Schein’s Ballpen Drawing// 3. Elements of Sandhills, horse, machine from La villette Drawing
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
Arrival to Gymnasium Worker Housing// The Port// Black Sea// Promanade
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
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Drawing Development Purpose of the drawing: a) Showing detail planning of the design b) Showing what extremeities do in the context c) Showing bodies inhabitation 1. Initial Drawing Composition 2. 1st Draft (context not enough) 3. 2nd draft (No inhabitation & no port)
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Drawing Zoom-in 1. Rowing Tunnel Design 2. Spinning Mezzanine Design 3. Running Track a) Colonade Framed Bodies b) Long Jump Pit c) Wrestling Pit
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
Indoor Mach Layers of Materiality// Reflection// Opacity//
hinery Space Transparency// Palm Trees// Level Difference
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
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Drawing Development Purpose of the drawing: a) Showing Materiality (Opacity, Reflection, Transparency) b) Showing bodies inhabitation on stage c) Showing Technical resolution d) Showing layers of space 1. Initial Drawing (1 pt perspective of one space) 2. 1st Draft (1pt perspective of 2 space) 3. 2nd Draft (2x 1pt perspective show 2 space interconnect each other.
Signifiers Elements Palm Trees Reference: Palm trees, David Hockney
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
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Signifiers Elements (Bodies) 1. Bodybuilder, Bruce of LA, 1950s 2. Bodybuilder, Bruce of LA, 1950s
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3. Bodybuilder Millard Williamson posing at muscle beach, Bruce of LA, 1950s 4. Bodybuilder Larry Scott, Bruce of LA, 1950s
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Drawing Composition 1. Metal mesh/ grill (Transparent) 2. Wood deck painted pink & white (Texture) 3. Galvanised Steel Column (Reflective) 4. Metalised Curtain (Reflective) 5. Polycarbonate panel w. sunset backdrop (Translucent) 6. Mirror (Reflective)
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
Running Track from Ghats (Seatings & Stages)// Tourist Beach// Changing Room// Indoor
m Gym to Black Sea r Machinery// Facing to the Port// Back and Forth Towards Black Sea
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
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Drawing Development Purpose of the drawing: a) Showing connection between tourist (Blue) and workers (Pink) b) Showing how ghats steps and running track sit on the beach & towards Black Sea c) Showing colonade as stage for bodies d) show relations w. the port 1. Initial Drawing 2. 1st Draft 3. 2nd Draft
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Drawing Composition 1. Tourist sitting on the beach 2. Tourist playing volleyball 3. Shower tube under track
4. Worker bodies 5. Deep Sea Port
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
Outdoor Bandstand & Viewing Platform Public Access// Spiral Staircase & Ramp// Pull-up Bar// Perfection of Bodies
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
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2 Drawing Development Purpose of the drawing: a) Showing spiral ramp and stairs that theoretically connect w. case study b) Showing relations to the port c) showing what palm tree does d) showing how the design sit on the existing promenade. 1. initial drawing 2. first draft
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Drawing Composition 1. Palm Tree from David Hockney 2. Spiral Ramp in mesh grill
3. Tourist (Blue) 4. Spiral Stairs 5. Lattice Column
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FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
Outdoor Bandstand Bodies Performance & Overlooking Anaklia Town
& Viewing Platform n// Port// Black Sea// Promanade// Worker Housing
FINAL DESIGN// Moment Drawing
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3 Drawing Development Purpose of the drawing: a) Showing how the bandstand overlooking to the port, to the town, to the sea b) Showing how it acts as a performance area c) showing the materiality (Pink coated steel structure) 1. initial design & drawing 2. Line drawing composition 3. 1st draft
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Drawing Composition 1. Perforated Metal Stairs 2. Metal Railing 3. Bodies framed by columns 4. Lattice Column w. Reflection 5. Mirror Ceiling 6.Port 7. Promenade 8. Worker Housing
FINAL DESIGN// Models
FINAL DESIGN// Models