Typography II Process Book by Cindy Oh

Typography II Process Book Cynthia Oh

Table of Contents 1

Introduction

Typographic Rules

Letterform Relationship

3-D Letterform

Colophon

Typographic Space

This book is designed in Adobe Indesign, by Cynthia Oh, printed at Alphagraphics, Rhode Island.

Type Designer: Adrian Frutiger

Type Designer: Web Page Layout

Grid Study: Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Brochure

Plant Classification: Coffea Arabica

Book Design: Alice in Wonderland

The typeface is a variation of the Serifa family, designed by Adrian Frutiger in 1966. This was a project done for Typography II class at Rhode Island School of Design, Spring of 2011.

Introduction This is a process book of Typography II course. Over the semester, I have learned about typographic structure, hierarchy, and dealt with large amounts of text in book format. I have explored vast amount of typographic elements and form, as they relate to content and meaning. The objective of this class was to understand and apply complex issues of typographic properities and principles. 1

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Sketch

5 Typographic Rules

Principles of Typography Counterform of the type is just as important as the letterform itself. Type will have the most integrity when it is effective, direct, and well communicated. Visual and typographic elements work based on a framework of a grid. Placement of the types is as much about where the type isn’t as where it is. Content dictates form.

5 Typographic Rules 8.5” x 11” print, Adobe InDesign This exercise was to make a list of five important typographic rules that I learned in Typography I. The format of the rules is divided into two parts, the first being a unified, consistent type structure using a single font. The second part of the exercise’s aim was to expand the structural concept and relation of typographic elements. It was to highlight the different content of each of the five statements using variety of font or size. 2

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Final Execution

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Sketches

Letterform Relationship

Letterform Relationship Adobe InDesign

The objective of this study was to explore structure of letterforms and its characteristics, especially its form and counterform and where they work in unison. There were four parts to this exercise, first exploring two individual letterforms, second with two letters with a bit more variation, third with two letters that can touch or overlap, and last with one letter in a format font and the other hand drawn. With these four explorations, I was able to see how letterforms work

Letterform Relationship

Exploration

G 8

Exploration

Letterform Relationship

Two individual letters

Two letters with variation

JL 10

Letterform Relationship

G 11

Letterform Relationship

Two overlapping letters

A font and hand drawn

Letterform Relationship

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Sketches

3-D Letterform

3-D Letterform 10” x 6” x 5”, Bristol Board After studying the form and counterform of letters on the previous exercise, this assignment was to select one of the letterform studies and make it into a three dimensional form. The most important consideration that went when building this object was to see and read the form in all directions.

3-D Letterform

Side and Back Views

Final Execution

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Layout

Typographic Space

Typographic Space 20” x 30” print, Adobe Photoshop Following the three dimensional letterform, I designed a poster that had dynamic space and hiearchy. Four elements were required when designing this poster: the word “LETTERFORM”, the 3-D object, the original letters forming the 3D shape, and the combination of letters from the 2-D letter study.

Typographic Space

Exploration

Final Execution

Typographic Space

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Layout

Type Designer

This typeface, originally called Roissy, changed its name to “Frutiger” after its creator. It is essentially a fusion between Univers and the organic influences of Gill Sans. The goal of Adrian Frutiger, when he was designing typefaces, was to make it have efficient communication and readability. The result was a set of capitals and numbers that could be read even in poor light. Frutiger’s typefaces such as Univers or Frutiger influenced the overall look of a directional, readible typography. His works are one of the most widely used typefaces in the world, used for branding, display, and textfonts alike.

Type Designer: Adrian Frutiger 12” x 18” print, Adobe InDesign For this exercise I researched and studied about Adrian Frutiger as the designer that I wanted to explore. The poster included the designer’s name, a paragraph about the designer and their place in history, a display of the full font of Frutiger, and a letterform that display the unique character of this font. This poster was designed in the spirit of Frutiger, reflecting signages in Charles de Gaulle International Airport in France. 22

Type Designer

Exploration

Final Execution

One of the most well known type designers in this century, Adrian Frutiger has designed over 170 fonts in his lifetime. In 1952, Frutiger worked under Deberny & Peignot foundation and helped move classic typefaces to newer phototypesetting technologies. In 1957, he created the famous type Univers, which was significant in its optically even stroke weights and large x-height for legibility. After creating a graphic design studio in Arcueil, Paris, Frutiger was assigned to make the entire signage system for the Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris. This particular typeface is also call the “way-finding signage” because of its legibility from afar and from an angle. This typeface, originally called Roissy, changed its name to “Frutiger” after its creator. It is essentially a fusion between Univers and the organic influecnes of Gill Sans. The goal of Adrian Frutiger, when he was designing typefaces, was to make it have efficient communication and readability. The result was a set of capitals and numbers that could be read even in poor light. Frutiger’s typefaces such as Univers or Frutiger influenced the overall look of a directional, readible typography. His works are one of the most widely used typefaces in the world, used for branding, display, and textfonts alike.

Type Designer

changed its name to “Frutiger”after its creator. It is essentially a fusion between Univers and the organic influences of Gill Sans. The goal of Adrian Frutiger, when he was designing typefaces, was to make it have efficient communication and readability. The result was a set of capitals and numbers that could be read even in poor light. Frutiger’s typefaces such as Univers or Frutiger influenced the overall look of a directional, readible typography. His works are one of the most widely used typefaces in the world, used for branding, display, and textfonts alike.

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Sketch

Web Page Layout

Type Designers

A professional type designer is highly skilled and knowledgeable about the anatomy of typefaces as well as type history. Type designers create new typefaces from scratch or based on existing typeface designs. Today, with the ready availability of font editors and type design software, anyone can modify fonts or create new ones and can be considered a type designer, although the best typefaces are still generally created by dedicated, professional type designers. This site will introduce you to a variety of typedesigners and typefaces to learn about.

Type Designer: Web Page Layout 10â&#x20AC;? x 9â&#x20AC;?, Adobe InDesign After designing a poster with a style of Adrian Frutiger, this assignment was to create a web page layout in my personal style. For me, I wanted to design a website that was simple and easy to navigate. My theme was a website for different type designers, among them Adrian Frutiger.

Web Page Layout

Sequence

Frutiger’s Page

Type Designers

Type Designers - Paul Renner - Herb Lubalin

Ecessit is rerchiciis rerione ctibus adic tet aut aligni te nonsequi cullicil ius mos dello molent adit vellore iciam, nonsequi doluptio. Nequi rerestis in re nonem inulluptium velignisqui nam, consedis et eic to beaqui nietur, nimi, unt dolupta tquidel iliquo et ute nonet invenimil in re lique conserum nem. Voluptas solut mod eum num etur audit eum rempor sam, ommo con reritis ut mil inveris niendemquam di ommosam velictaeaprem quam volupta tquiaeriti tempossus dolor mi, ulliquamus quis ratat.Everum ad que sitate est, omnim everiti bea que lam ut hil id mi, sa dercia pero conet volupta digenis tiatini omnieni.

Ondine President

- Max Miedinger - Claude Garamond

Univers

- William Caslon

Frutiger Apollo

- Frederic W. Goudy

Serifa

- Francesco Griffo

OCR-B

- John Baskerville

Iridium

- Morris Fuller Benton

Glypha Icone

- Giambattista Bodoni

Breughel

- Emil Rudolf Weiss

Versailles

- Edward Johnston

Avenir Westside

- Eric Gill

Herculanum

- Stanley Morison

Vectora

- Rudolf Koch

Pompeijana

- Nicholas Jenson

Rusticana

Adrian Frutiger

- Adrian Frutiger

Meridien

Nami

Web Page Layout

One of the most well known type designers in this century, Adrian Frutiger has designed over 170 fonts in his lifetime. In 1952, Frutiger worked under Deberny & Peignot foundation and helped

an angle. This typeface, originally called Roissy, changed its name to “Frutiger”after its creator. It is essentially a fusion between Univers and the organic influences of Gill Sans. The goal of Adrian Frutiger,

move classic typefaces to newer phototypesetting technologies. In 1957, he created the famous type Univers, which was significant in its optically even stroke weights and large x-height for legibility. After creating a graphic design studio in Arcueil, Paris, Frutiger was assigned to make the entire signage system for the Charles de Gaulle airport in 1968. This particular typeface is also call the “way-finding signage” because of its legibility from afar and from

when he was designing typefaces, was to make it have efficient communication and readability. The result was a set of capitals and numbers that could be read even in poor light. Frutiger’s typefaces such as Univers or Frutiger influenced the overall look of a directional, readible typography. His works are one of the most widely used typefaces in the world, used for branding, display, and textfonts alike.

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Sketch

Grid Study

Grid Study: Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 15â&#x20AC;? x 10â&#x20AC;?, print, Adobe InDesign On March 11, 2011, a terrible Earthquake and Tsunami shook Japan. This brochure was a study of using a specific grid system that I set up. The objective was to design a structured layout that had hierarchy of information. I also wanted the brochure to be impactful in the front and informative inside, so I decided to use mostly imagery and bold fonts in the front and graphs and maps inside. 30

Grid Study

Front and Inside View

Inside View

Grid Study

Radiation Levels

Nuclear Crisis

in milliSieverts (1mSv)

Chest X-Ray

Power Plant Damages The Fukushima I, Fukushima II, Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant and Tokai nuclear power stations, consisting of a total eleven reactors, were automatically shut down following the earthquake. Higashidori, also on the northeast coast, was already shut down for a periodic inspection. Cooling is needed to remove decay heat after a reactor has been shut down, and to maintain spent fuel pools. The backup cooling process is powered by emergency diesel generators at the plants and at Rokkasho nuclear reprocessing plant. At Fukushima I and II, tsunami waves overtopped seawalls and destroyed diesel backup power systems, leading to severe problems at Fukushima I, including two large explosions and radioactive leakage. Over 200,000 people were evacuated near the Fukushima reactor site. The April

What is Radiation? 7 aftershock caused the loss of external power to Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant but backup generators were functional. Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant lost 3 of 4 external power lines and lost cooling function for as much as 80 minutes. A spill of a couple liters of radioactive water occurred at Onagawa. Europe’s Energy Commissioner Günther Oettinger addressed the European Parliament on 15 March, explaining that the nuclear disaster an “apocalypse”.

Radioactive materials that decay spontaneously produce ionizing radiation, which has sufficient energy to strip away electrons from atoms (creating two charged ions) or to break some chemical bonds. Any living tissue in the human body can be damaged by ionizing radiation in a unique manner. The body attempts to repair the damage, but sometimes the damage is of a nature that cannot be repaired or it is too severe or widespread to be repaired. Also mistakes

As the nuclear crisis entered a second month, experts recognized that Fukushima I is not the worst nuclear accident ever, but it is the most complicated.

made in the natural repair process can lead to cancerous cells. The most common forms of ionizing radiation are alpha and beta particles, or gamma and X-rays. A cumulative dose of 1,000 millisieverts would increase the incidence of fatal cancer by about 5 percent. A single dose of 1,000 millisieverts causes temporary radiation sickness and decreased white blood cell count, but not death.

The first symptoms of acute radiation syndrome are typically nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms can start within minutes to days of exposure and can last for days. After that, a person with acute radiation syndrome may look and feel healthy for a short time, then become sick again with loss of appetite, fatigue, fever and possibly seizures and coma.

Timeline of the Crisis March 12

Explosion at Fukushima Daiichi’s No. 1 reactor, radiation detected.

March 14

Explosion at Fukushima’s No. 3 reactor, and cooling functions in No. 1 has stopped.

March 15

Radiation levels shot up at the plant after a new explosion of No. 2 and No.4 caused by a fire overheating of spent fuel rods.

March 16

Fire breaks out on No. 4 reactor. An estimated 70% of the nuclear fuel rods have been damaged.

March 17

Authorities reached for methods to cool stricken reactors, deploying helicopters and water cannons to prevent perilous overheating.

March 23

Health Effects

Radioactive iodine detected in Tokyo’s water supply spurred a warning for infants, and added to the growing anxiety about the safety near the plant.

March 25

March 31

April 4

April 12

Occurance of unexpected radiation injuries happened to workers, suggesting that the reactor vessel of the No. 3 unit may have been breached. A long-lasting radioactive element, cesium 137, has been measured at levels that pose a long-term danger at one spot 25 miles from the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. They would release almost 11,500 tons of water contaminated with low levels of radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant into the Pacific Ocean. Japan has raised its assessment of the accident at the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant from 5 to 7, the worst rating on an international scale.

– places that detected a

Radiation detected at Fukushima site, March 12

0.1

Natural radiation per year

1.0 2.0

Full body CT scan

Recommended limit for radiation workers every 5 years

100

Maximum radiation levels per hour recorded at Fukushima plant, March 14

400

Decrease in bloodcell counts

500

Radiation per hour in surface water in tunnels outside of Fukushima No.2 reactor

1,000

Extremely severe radiation, 60% fatality risk after 30 days

5,000

Destruction of intestinal lining, internal bleeding, 100% fatality after 14 days

10,000

Symptoms appear within 30 minutes, massive diarrhea, internal bleeding, delirium

30,000

Radiation exposed to the Chernobyl reactor core after meltdown in 1986

50,000

heightened radiation levels

Immediate to severe vomiting and coma, death following within hours of exposure 100,000

5 Typographic Rules

Exploration

Initial Sketch

Coffea Arabica

Plant Classification System: Coffea Arabica 5” x 9” folded, 5” x 29” spreaded, printed on Rives BFK

This was a study of a specific group of plant classification system, mine being the Coffea Arabica, a type of coffee plant. The objective of this study was to organize a plant cateogory using typographic organization and hierarchy, such as type grids, font sizes, and properties. I chose to format the print in a way that people can understand one by one, whether flipping through the pages or spreading it out on a table. It starts with the broad kingdom of Plantae to the very specific variation of Coffea Arabica.

Coffea Arabica

Page by Page

Spreaded

Coffea Arabica

Initial Sketch

Book Design

Alice’s Adventures in

by Lewis Carroll

Book Design: Alice’s in Wonderland 7” x 10” x 0.75”, print Adobe InDesign This assignment explored every aspect of making a book, subject being Alice in Wonderland. I was responsible to design a layout that was legible and accessible to the general reader, and also the form had to reflect the content of the book. I chose to explore the idea of “challenging the logical sense and natural order” by breaking the type to reflect the significance of its content. In replace of the classic illustrations of the book, I decided to photograph abstract forms using ink and water to reflect the ambiguity and confusion that Alice felt while in Wonderland.

Book Design

Text Layout

Book Binding

ried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoatpocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.

Table of Contents

In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again. The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.

1 Down the Rabbit Hole

Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled ‘ORANGE MARMALADE’, but to her great disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.

10 The Pool of Tears 18 The Caucus Race and a Long Tale 27 The Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill 38 Advice from a Capterpillar Project Gutenberg’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org.

48 Pig and Pepper

‘Well!’ thought Alice to herself, ‘after such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they’ll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn’t say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!’ (Which was very likely true.)

59 A Mad Tea Party 72 The Queen’s Croquet Ground

Title: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Author: Lewis Carroll Posting Date: June 25, 2008 [EBook #11] Release Date: March, 1994

Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! ‘I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?’ she said aloud. ‘I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think–’ (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this

83 The Mock Turtle’s Story 95 The Lobster Quadrille

Language: English

108 Who Stole the Tarts?

THE MILLENNIUM FULCRUM EDITION 3.0

118 Alice’s Evidence

She had not gone much farther before she came in sight of the house of the March Hare: she thought it must be the right house, because the chimneys were shaped like ears and the roof was thatched with fur. It was so large a house, that she did not like to go nearer till she had nibbled some more of the lefthand bit of mushroom, and raised herself to about two feet high: even then she walked up towards it rather timidly, saying to herself ‘Suppose it should be raving mad after all! I almost wish I’d gone to see the Hatter instead!’

Book Design

sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) ‘–yes, that’s about the right distance–but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?’ (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.) Presently she began again. ‘I wonder if I shall fall right THROUGH the earth! How funny it’ll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think–’ (she was rather glad there WAS no one listening, this time, as it didn’t sound at all the right word) ‘–but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma’am, is this New Zealand or Australia?’ (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke–fancy CURTSEYING as you’re falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) ‘And what an ignorant little girl she’ll think me for asking! No, it’ll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.’ Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. ‘Dinah’ll miss me very much to-night, I should think!’ (Dinah was the cat.) ‘I hope they’ll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I’m afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that’s very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?’ And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, ‘Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?’ and sometimes, ‘Do bats eat cats?’ for, you see, as she couldn’t answer either question, it didn’t much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, ‘Now, Dinah, tell me the truth:did you ever eat a bat?’ when 3

Chapter 7

A Mad Tea-Party

There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house,

and the March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it: a Dormouse was sitting between them, fast asleep, and the other two were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head. ‘Very uncomfortable for the Dormouse,’ thought Alice; ‘only, as it’s asleep, I suppose it doesn’t mind.’ The table was a large one, but the three were all crowded together at one corner of it: ‘No room! No room!’ they cried out when they saw Alice coming. ‘There’s PLENTY of room!’ said Alice indignantly, and she sat down in a large arm-chair at one end of the table. ‘Have some wine,’ the March Hare said in an encouraging tone. Alice looked all round the table, but there was nothing on it but tea. ‘I don’t see any wine,’ she remarked.

Book Design

Typographic Expression

Book Design

Ink and Water Photography

Final Execution

5 Typographic Rules